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1. Adaptation of Zerotrees Using Signed Binary Digit Representations for 3D Image Coding

Author

Emmanuel Christophe, Corinne Mailhes, and Pierre Duhamel

Subjects
Electronics, TK7800-8360
Abstract

Zerotrees of wavelet coefficients have shown a good adaptability for the compression of three-dimensional images. EZW, the original algorithm using zerotree, shows good performance and was successfully adapted to 3D image compression. This paper focuses on the adaptation of EZW for the compression of hyperspectral images. The subordinate pass is suppressed to remove the necessity to keep the significant pixels in memory. To compensate the loss due to this removal, signed binary digit representations are used to increase the efficiency of zerotrees. Contextual arithmetic coding with very limited contexts is also used. Finally, we show that this simplified version of 3D-EZW performs almost as well as the original one.

Published
2007
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29. Improving the Estimation of the Wavenumber Spectra From Altimeter Observations

Author

Amandine Guillot, Olivier Besson, Sophie Le Gac, Corinne Mailhes, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Scale (ratio), Anomaly (natural sciences), Spectral density, Estimator, Autoregressive (AR) model, Spectral analysis, Autoregressive model, Temporal resolution, Spectral slope, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Frequency warping, Sea-level anomaly (SLA), Slope estimation, Mathematics, Parametric statistics, Remote sensing
Abstract

Satellite altimeters provide sea-level measurements along satellite track. A mean profile based on the measurements averaged over a time period is then subtracted to estimate the sea-level anomaly (SLA). In the spectral domain, SLA is characterized by a power spectral density (PSD) whose slope in a log–log scale is a parameter of great interest for ocean monitoring. Estimation of this spectral slope is usually done through a cumulated periodogram using a large number of signal samples. The location and dates of the data induce the spatial and temporal resolution of the slope estimates. To improve this resolution, this article studies a new parametric method based on an autoregressive model combined with a warping of the frequency scale (denoted as ARWARP). This ARWARP model provides a PSD estimate, with a lower variance than the classical Fourier-based ones and is reliable in the case of a small sample number. To give a reference in the performance of the SLA slope estimation, the corresponding Cramér–Rao bound is derived. Then, rather than performing linear regression on the spectral estimates, a new estimator of the slope is suggested, based on a model fitting of the PSD. A statistical validation is proposed on simulated SLA signals, showing the performance of slope estimation using this ARWARP spectral estimator, compared to classical Fourier-based methods. Application to Sentinel-3 real data highlights the main advantage of the ARWARP model, making possible SLA slope estimation on a short signal segment, i.e., with a high spatial and/or temporal resolution.

Published
2022

32. Improving the Estimation of the Sea Level Anomaly Slope

Author

Amandine Guillot, Olivier Besson, S. Le Gac, and Corinne Mailhes

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Frequency band, Spectral density, Estimator, 01 natural sciences, Autoregressive model, Satellite, Altimeter, Image warping, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Parametric statistics
Abstract

Satellite altimeters provide sea level measurements along satellite track. A mean profile based on the measurements averaged over a time period is then subtracted to estimate the sea level anomaly (SLA). In the spectral domain, SLA is characterized by a power spectral density of the form f−α where the slope α is a parameter of great interest for ocean monitoring. However, this information lies in a narrow frequency band, located at very low frequencies, which calls for some specific spectral analysis methods. This paper studies a new parametric method based on an autoregressive model combined with a warping of the frequency scale (denoted as ARWARP). A statistical validation is proposed on simulated SLA signals, showing the performance of slope estimation using this ARWARP spectral estimator, compared to classical Fourier-based methods. Application to Sentinel-3 real data highlights the main advantage of the ARWARP model, making possible SLA slope estimation on a short signal segment, i.e., with a high spatial resolution.

Published
2020
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33. Detection and localization of a gear fault using automatic continuous monitoring of the modulation functions

Author

Nadine Martin, Pascal Bellemain, Xavier Laval, Corinne Mailhes, GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
Signal processing, Computer science, 020209 energy, Acoustics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, gear fault detection, Condition monitoring, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Fault (power engineering), Amplitude modulation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Harmonics, Modulation (music), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Demodulation, Hilbert demodulation, signal processing, continuous surveillance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In the context of automatic and preventive condition monitoring of rotating machines, this paper presents a case study of a naturally-worn parallel straight gear by monitoring the evolution of the modulation functions. The Hilbert demodulation is automatically performed considering only the frequency content of the signals detected by the AStrion software. The gear has been worn over 3000 h with a constant axial load. A particular focus is set on the amplitude modulation function in order to assess its efficiency to characterize both the severity of the wear and the most worn part of the gear. The results are confronted with on-site observation of the teeth. For this purpose, the evolution of both amplitude and phase modulations over several meshing harmonics are compared, as well as demodulation on both original and residual signals. Indicators to automatically classify the wear are discussed.

Published
2019

34. Amplitude and phase interaction in Hilbert demodulation of vibration signals: Natural gear wear modeling and time tracking for condition monitoring

Author

Nadine Martin, Pascal Bellemain, Corinne Mailhes, Christian Pachaud, Xavier Laval, GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), GIPSA - Safe, Controlled and Monitored Systems (GIPSA-SAFE), GIPSA Pôle Automatique et Diagnostic (GIPSA-PAD), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), and Chercheur indépendant

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, envelope, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, residual, shock model, Amplitude modulation, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Demodulation, time-tracking, 010301 acoustics, Civil and Structural Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Signal processing, Mechanical Engineering, Condition monitoring, Computer Science Applications, Vibration, Amplitude, vibration signal, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, Hilbert demodulation, Analytic signal, Phase modulation
Abstract

International audience; In the context of automatic and preventive condition monitoring of rotating machines, this paper revisits the demodulation process essential for detecting and localizing cracks in gears and bearings. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the performance of the well-known Hilbert demodulation by providing a quantified assessment in terms of signal processing. For this purpose, vibration test signals are simulated guided by the analysis of real-world measurements. The database comes from a natural wear experimentation on a test bench at an industrial scale and without any fault initiation. In the proposed simulated model, the amplitude modulation is designed in a physical approach in order to be able to set up the number of faulty teeth and their location. The impact of a limited spectral bandwidth filtering is quantified not only for the amplitude but also for the phase modulation estimations. The interactions between the amplitude and phase estimations are discussed. A focus is made on the analytic signal ambiguity due to the non-uniqueness of the amplitude estimation. This property induces an original investigation when demodulating the residual generated after a time synchronous averaging. Finally, as the objective is a continuous surveillance of a machine, results are given for a sequence of real-world measurements in order to visualize the fault evolution through the demodulation process.

Published
2021
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36. Vibration response demodulation, shock model and time tracking

Author

Xavier Laval, Nadine Martin, Pascal Bellemain, Li, Z., Corinne Mailhes, Christian Pachaud, GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Consultant

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing
Abstract

International audience; A reliable monitoring of a rotating machine needs amplitude and phase demodulation over well-chosen frequency bands. Although often applied, the behaviour of this estimator is not so well established in such a context and particularly for earlier and accurate fault detection. In attempt to provide keys for the understanding of vibration measures, this paper proposes a vibration signal model of a faulty gearbox. More attention is given to the amplitude modulation function to better model the shocks created by local tooth defects and incurred by all the meshing frequency harmonics. The proposed shock model is defined as the response of a mechanical system excited by a Dirac function assuming that the fault does not evolve during the measure. Parameters of resulting response models, exponentially periodic waves, are set to fit as much as possible to a sequence of signals to model the time evolution of the GOTIX bench during a fatigue test. All signals are processed by AStrion, an automatic and data-driven spectral monitoring approach. Interestingly, setting various fault model parameters, damping factors, amplitude modulation rates, frequency modulation indexes, fault location and number, helps for the understanding of the modulation phenomenon and illustrates the intrinsic limits of the demodulation approach.

Published
2018

37. Detection of T-Wave Beat-By-Beat Variations prior to Ventricular Arrhythmias Onset in ICD-Stored Intracardiac Electrograms: The Endocardial T-Wave Alternans Study (ETWAS)

Author

Jean-Luc Pasquié, Pierre Winum, Benoit Hallier, Chao Lin, Philippe Maury, Jérôme Taieb, Lionel Beck, Corinne Mailhes, Anne Rollin, Frank Raczka, Alexandre Duparc, Francis Castanie, Philippe Rolland, Jean-Yves Tourneret, and Pierre Mondoly

Subjects
Fibrillation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, T wave alternans, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Sudden death, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Medicine, Repolarization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Electrical conduction system of the heart, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Brugada syndrome
Abstract

The aim of the Endocardial T-Wave Alternans Study was to prospectively assess the presence of T-wave alternans (TWA) or beat-to-beat repolarization changes on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)-stored electrograms (EGMs) immediately preceding the onset of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF).

Published
2014
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38. AStrion assets for the detection of a main bearing failure in an onshore wind turbine

Author

Xavier Laval, Guanghan Song, Zhong-Yang Li, Pascal Bellemain, Maxime Lefray, Nadine Martin, Alexis Lebranchu, Corinne Mailhes, GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), European Project, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Telecom ParisTech (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), and Télécom Paris (FRANCE)

Subjects
Traitement des images, wind turbine, Monitoring, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, condition monitoring, Failure diagnosis, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, AStrion, spectral analysis
Abstract

International audience; Monitoring the drive train of a wind turbine is still a challenge for reducing operationand maintenance costs and therefore decreasing cost of energy. In this paper, astandalone, data-driven and automatic tracking analyzer, entitled AStrion and alreadypresented in this conference, is applied on vibration data acquired during one full yearon a set of sensors located in the nacelle of two wind turbines in a wind farm in thePyrénées (France). These experimentations were realized thanks to KAStrion projectfunded by KIC InnoEnergy program.In the context of a particular case study, the main bearing failure of one of the two windturbines, this paper will highlight three main assets of AStrion strategy. A first asset willbe the application of the data validation module. According to the value of anonstationary index, the data measured on the sensor located on the main bearing closeto the failure have been discarded. This was justified afterwards by a dysfunction of thesensor. Then from the validated data acquired with a more remote sensor, a second assetwill be the trends of global features computed by AStrion which proved a strong linkwith maintenance operations on the mechanical components such as the greasing. Thethird asset will be the reading of other AStrion features associated to one specificcomponent. Indeed the trends of the features of the main bearing show evolutionsthroughout the year. A real time reading would have led to the conclusion of a severeevolution of the condition of this main bearing eight months before the failure and thestop of the machine. This study was carried out thanks to a narrow collaboration withthe operator of the wind farm.

Published
2016

39. Flight Control System improvement based on a software sensor derived from Partial Least Squares Algorithm

Author

Florian Cazes, Rémy Dayre, Philippe Goupil, Marie Chabert, Patrice Michel, Corinne Mailhes, and Hervé Le-Berre

Subjects
Least mean square algorithm, Engineering, business.industry, General Medicine, Non-linear iterative partial least squares, Software, Control theory, Command and control systems, Control system, Partial least squares regression, Linear regression, Redundancy (engineering), business, Algorithm
Abstract

Global aircraft optimization is a main concern for future and upcoming programs. In particular, great research efforts are dedicated to Electrical Flight Control Systems (EFCS). Obviously, their reliability increases with the redundancy of the flight parameter sensors. However, physical redundancy, obtained by increasing the number of sensors, penalizes the aircraft weight and cost. This paper proposes a sensor failure detection method based on analytic redundancy. The flight parameter of interest is modelled as a linear function of independent sensor measurements on a sliding observation window. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm is used to estimate regression coefficients on this window. The PLS computes the solution via an iterative processing, and thus can be implemented in the flight control computer for a real time use. Two different failure detection strategies based on the behaviour of the regression coefficients are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method leads to robust detections.

Published
2012
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40. P- and T-Wave Delineation in ECG Signals Using a Bayesian Approach and a Partially Collapsed Gibbs Sampler

Author

Chao Lin, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Corinne Mailhes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE)

Subjects
Computer science, Speech recognition, Monte Carlo method, Bayesian probability, Bayesian analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Réseaux et télécommunications, Markov process, Bayesian inference, Electrocardiography, symbols.namesake, Humans, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Computer Simulation, business.industry, Models, Cardiovascular, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Pattern recognition, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Markov Chains, Electrocardiogram, Markov chain Monte Carlo method, Feature (computer vision), symbols, A priori and a posteriori, Artificial intelligence, business, Monte Carlo Method, Algorithms, Gibbs sampling
Abstract

Detection and delineation of P- and T-waves are important issues in the analysis and interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This paper addresses this problem by using Bayesian inference to represent a priori relationships among ECG wave components. Based on the recently introduced partially collapsed Gibbs sampler principle, the wave delineation and estimation are conducted simultaneously by using a Bayesian algorithm combined with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. This method exploits the strong local dependency of ECG signals. The proposed strategy is evaluated on the annotated QT database and compared to other classical algorithms. An important feature of this paper is that it allows not only for the detection of P- and T-wave peaks and boundaries, but also for the accurate estimation of waveforms for each analysis window. This can be useful for some ECG analysis that require wave morphology information.

Published
2010
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41. AStrion strategy: from acquisition to diagnosis. Application to wind turbine monitoring

Author

Pascal Bellemain, Nadine Martin, Corinne Mailhes, Marcin Firla, Zhong-Yang Li, Timothée Gerber, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), European Project, Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), ANR-12-EITE-0002,KAStrion,Analyse électrique et vibratoire pour la maintenance préventive dans les fermes éoliennes offshore.(2012), Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), and KIC InnoEnergy, company supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)

Subjects
Engineering, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, Real-time computing, Drivetrain, Data validation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Turbine, Signal, Traitement des images, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Sine wave, Narrowband, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Astrion, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electronic engineering, Demodulation, Traitement du signal et de l'image, 010301 acoustics, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Condition monitoring, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, Mechanics of Materials, Harmonic, business, Algorithm
Abstract

Paper presented at CM 2015/MFPT 2015, The Twelfth International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Machinery Failure Prevention Technologies, Oxford, UK, June 2015; International audience; This paper proposes an automatic procedure for condition monitoring. It represents a valuable tool for the maintenance of expensive and spread systems, such as wind turbine farms. Thanks to data-driven signal processing algorithms, the proposed solution is fully automatic. The paper briefly describes all of the steps involved in the processing, from pre-processing of the acquired signals to interpretation of the generated results. It starts with an angular resampling method with speed measurement correction. Next comes a data validation step, in both time/angular and frequency/ order domains. After the pre-processing, the spectral components of the analysed signal are identified and classified in several classes, from sine wave to narrowband components. This spectral peak detection and classification allows for the extraction of the harmonic and side-band series, which may be part of the spectral content of the signal. Moreover, the detected spectral patterns are associated with the characteristic frequencies of the investigated system. Based on the detected side-band series, full-band demodulation is performed. At each step, the diagnosis features are computed and dynamically tracked, signal by signal. Finally, system health indicators are proposed to provide a conclusion on the condition of the investigated system. Altogether the abovementioned steps create a self-sufficient tool for the robust diagnosis of mechanical faults. The paper presents the performance of the proposed method on real-world signals from a wind turbine drive train.

Published
2015
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42. Time-frequency tracking of spectral structures estimated by a data-driven method

Author

Nadine Martin, Corinne Mailhes, Timothée Gerber, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), KAStrion KIC InnoEnergy project, European Project, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Signal processing, Engineering, Sidebands, Harmonics, Index Terms—Condition monitoring, Fault (power engineering), Predictive maintenance, Harmonic analysis, Amplitude modulation, Traitement des images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Control theory, wind turbines, harmonics, sidebands, Wind turbines, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, signal processing, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, Fault diagnosis, Sideband, business.industry, Tracking, Condition monitoring, Pattern recognition, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, fault diagnosis, tracking, Intelligence artificielle, Control and Systems Engineering, Artificial intelligence, business, Frequency modulation
Abstract

International audience; —The installation of a condition monitoring system aims to reduce the operating costs of the monitored system by applying a predictive maintenance strategy. However, a system-driven configuration of the condition monitoring system requires the knowledge of the system kinematics and could induce lots a false alarms because of predefined thresholds. The purpose of this paper is to propose a complete data-driven method to automatically generate system health indicators without any a priori on the monitored system or the acquired signals. This method is composed of two steps. First, every acquired signal is analysed: the spectral peaks are detected and then grouped in more complex structure as harmonic series or modulation sidebands. Then, a time-frequency tracking operation is applied on all available signals: the spectral peaks and the spectral structures are tracked over time and grouped in trajectories, which will be used to generate the system health indicators. The proposed method is tested on real-world signals coming from a wind turbine test rig. The detection of a harmonic series and a modulation sideband reports the birth of a fault on the main bearing inner ring. The evolution of the fault severity is characterised by three automatically generated health indicators and is confirmed by experts.

Published
2015
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43. AStrion data validation of non-stationary wind turbine signals Topic: Condition monitoring (CM) methods and technologies

Author

Guanghan Song, Zhong-Yang Li, Pascal Bellemain, Nadine Martin, Corinne Mailhes, GIPSA - Signal et Automatique pour la surveillance, le diagnostic et la biomécanique (GIPSA-SAIGA), Département Automatique (GIPSA-DA), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIPSA-Services (GIPSA-Services), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing
Abstract

International audience; AStrion is an automatic spectrum analyzer software, which proposes a new generic and data-drivenmethod without any a priori information on the measured signals. In order to compute some generalcharacteristics and derive properties of the signal, the first step in this approach is to give some insightinto the nature of the signal. This preanalysis, so called the data validation, contains a number of tests toreveal some properties and characteristics of the data such as the acquisition validity (absence ofsaturation and a posteriori respect of the sampling theorem), the stationarity (or non-stationarity), theperiodicity and the signal-to-noise ratio. Based on these characteristics, the proposed method definesindicators and alarm trigger thresholds, also categorizes the signal into three classes which help to guidethe following spectral analysis. The present paper introduces the four tests of this preanalysis and thesignal categorization rules. Finally, the proposed approach is validated on a set of wind turbine vibrationmeasurements to demonstrate its applicability of a long-term and continuous monitoring on real-worldsignals

Published
2015

44. Including antenna mispointing in a semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry

Author

François Boy, Corinne Mailhes, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Thomas Moreau, Abderrahim Halimi, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Collecte Localisation Satellites - CLS (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Least squares estimation, Cryosat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Réseaux et télécommunications, Antenna mispointing, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Least squares, Radiation pattern, Convolution, law.invention, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], law, Altimeter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radar, Point target, Impulse response, SAR altimetry, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Scattering, Delay/Doppler map, Geodesy, symbols, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Antenna (radio), Altimetry, Doppler effect, Algorithm
Abstract

International audience; Delay/Doppler altimetry aims at reducing the measurementnoise and increasing the along-track resolution in comparison with conventional pulse limited altimetry. In a previous paper, we have proposed a semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry which considers some simplifications as the absence of mispointing antenna. This paper first proposes a new semi-analytical model for delay/Doppler altimetry. The proposed analytical expression for the flat surface impulse response considers antenna mispointing angles, a circular antenna pattern, no vertical speed effect and a uniform scattering. The two dimensional delay/Doppler map is obtained by a numerical computation of the convolution between the proposed analytical function, the probability density function of the heights of the specular scatterers and the time/frequency point target response of the radar. The approximations used to obtain the semi-analytical model are analyzed and the associated errors are quantified by analytical bounds for these errors. The second contribution of this paper concerns the estimation of the parameters associated with the multi-look semi-analytical model. Two estimation strategies based on the least squares procedure are proposed. The proposed model and algorithms are validated on both synthetic and real waveforms. The obtained results are very promising and show the accuracy of this generalized model with respect to the previous model assuming zero antenna mispointing.

Published
2015
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45. Bayesian Estimation of Smooth Altimetric Parameters: Application to Conventional and Delay/Doppler Altimetry

Author

Abderrahim Halimi, Corinne Mailhes, Hichem Snoussi, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Laboratoire Modélisation et Sûreté des Systèmes (LM2S), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université de Technologie de Troyes - UTT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Natural gradient, Computer science, Gaussian, Bayesian probability, Posterior probability, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Statistics - Applications, Bayesian algorithm, Simultaneous autoregression (SAR) altimetry, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Mathematics, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Applications (stat.AP), Altimeter, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Bayes estimator, Estimation theory, Speckle noise, Delay/Doppler altimetry (DDA), Smooth estimation, Optimization and Control (math.OC), symbols, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Coordinate descent algorithm, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Algorithm design, Altimetry, Gradient descent, Doppler effect, Algorithm
Abstract

This paper proposes a new Bayesian strategy for the smooth estimation of altimetric parameters. The altimetric signal is assumed to be corrupted by a thermal and speckle noise distributed according to an independent and non identically Gaussian distribution. We introduce a prior enforcing a smooth temporal evolution of the altimetric parameters which improves their physical interpretation. The posterior distribution of the resulting model is optimized using a gradient descent algorithm which allows us to compute the maximum a posteriori estimator of the unknown model parameters. This algorithm presents a low computational cost which is suitable for real time applications. The proposed Bayesian strategy and the corresponding estimation algorithm are validated on both synthetic and real data associated with conventional and delay/Doppler altimetry. The analysis of real Jason-2 and Cryosat-2 waveforms shows an improvement in parameter estimation when compared to the state-of-the-art estimation algorithms., Comment: 30 pages and 6 figures

Published
2015
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46. Comparative evaluation of genotoxicity of captan in amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis andPleurodeles waltl) using the comet assay and the micronucleus test

Author

Laury Gauthier, Alain Devaux, Florence Mouchet, Vincent Ferrier, Corinne Mailhes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Electrotechnique, d'Electronique, d'Informatique, d'Hydraulique et de Télécommunications, Université Toulouse Le Mirail (Toulouse 2) (UTM), Laboratoire des TéléCommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques (Institut Mines-Télécom-Télécom Bretagne/site de Toulouse -UEB) (TéSA), Centre de biologie du développement (CBD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat - ENTPE (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National Universitaire Champollion - INU (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Xenopus, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Captan, Xenopus laevis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Génétique des plantes, Soil Pollutants, 0303 health sciences, Micronucleus Tests, biology, food and beverages, General Medicine, Amphibian, Larva, Toxicity, Micronucleus test, Comet Assay, Environmental Monitoring, Pleurodeles, Pleurodeles waltl, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Amphibians, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, PLEURODELES WALTL, Comet assay, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Acute toxicity, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Fungicides, Industrial, chemistry, Genotoxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical, DNA Damage
Abstract

Captan (N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide) is a fungicide used to inhibit the growth of many types of fungi on plants used as foodstuffs. The toxic and genotoxic potentials of captan were evaluated with the micronucleus test (MNT; AFNOR,2000) and the comet assay (CA) using amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl). Acute toxicity results showed that captan was toxic (1) to Xenopus larvae exposed to from 2 mg/L to 125 or 62.5 μg/L, depending on the nature of the water [reconstituted water containing mineral salts or mineral water (MW; Volvic®, Danone, France)] and (2) to Pleurodeles exposed to from 2 mg/L to 125 μg/L in both types of water. The MNT results obtained in MW showed that captan (62.5 μg/L) was genotoxic to Xenopus but not genotoxic to Pleurodeles at all concentrations tested. CA established that the genotoxicity of captan to Xenopus and Pleurodeles larvae depended on the concentration, the exposure times, and the comet parameters (tail DNA, TEM, OTM, and TL). The CA and MNT results were compared for their ability to detect DNA damage at the concentrations of captan and the exposure times applied. CA showed captan to be genotoxic from the first day of exposure. In amphibians, CA appears to be a sensitive and suitable method for detecting genotoxicity such as that caused by captan. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 21: 264–277, 2006

Published
2006
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47. Reconstruction of sampled complex processes with timing jitter

Author

Corinne Mailhes, B. Lacaze, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE)

Subjects
Algebra and Number Theory, Computer science, Process (computing), Sampling (statistics), Linear minimum mean square reconstruction, Computational Mathematics, Complex processes, Control theory, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Timing jitter, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Sampling, Analysis, Linear filter, Jitter
Abstract

This paper studies the effects of timing jitter on complex processes, whether the sampling condition is verified or not. The problem of recovering a continuous-time process from observations subjected to jitter is considered. A solution in terms of linear filtering of sampled real and imaginary parts is derived. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate the application of the proposed scheme.

Published
2004
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48. Interlaced Sampling Corrupted by Noise

Author

B. Lacaze and Corinne Mailhes

Subjects
Mean square, Algebra and Number Theory, Stationary process, Noise (signal processing), Process (computing), Sampling (statistics), Estimator, Function (mathematics), Uncorrelated, Computational Mathematics, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Algorithm, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

The problem addressed in this paper is the reconstruction of a continuous-time stationary process from noisy interlaced sampled observations. This work extends the one of Yen who gave an exact reconstruction of a process or a function with spectral support within (−Kπ, Kπ) subjected to interlaced sampling i.e. when sampling times are such that tkn = n + ak, n ∈ Z, k = 1, …, K. In this paper, we derive the linear mean square estimator (LMSE) of a continuous-time process based on the observations of noisy interlaced samples. Two different cases are studied. The first one deals with noise samples coming from a unique stationary process. In the second one, K uncorrelated noises with different spectra are considered. In both cases, the specific sampling leads to technics linked to cyclostationarity properties.

Published
2002
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49. Sequential beat-to-beat P and T wave delineation and waveform estimation in ECG signals: Block Gibbs sampler and marginalized particle filter

Author

Georg Kail, Chao Lin, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Corinne Mailhes, Franz Hlawatsch, Audrey Giremus, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux - ENSCPB (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Electronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux - ENSEIRB (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Technische Universität Wien - TU Wien (AUSTRIA), Université de Bordeaux 1 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de recherche en télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques - TéSA (FRANCE), Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système - IMS (Talence, France), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Télécommunications Spatiales et Aéronautiques - Telecommunications for Space ant Aeronautics (TéSA), Laboratoire de recherche coopératif dans les télécommunications spatiales et aéronautiques (TESA), Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS)

Subjects
0206 medical engineering, Bayesian probability, Bayesian inference, Beat (acoustics), 02 engineering and technology, Sequential Monte Carlo methods, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Gibbs sampling, T wave, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Waveform, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Pattern recognition, 020601 biomedical engineering, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], ECG P and T wave delineation, Control and Systems Engineering, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Signal Processing, symbols, Marginalized particle filter, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, Beat-to-beat analysis, Ecg signal, business, Particle filter, Software
Abstract

International audience; For ECG interpretation, the detection and delineation of P and T waves are challenging tasks. This paper proposes sequential Bayesian methods for simultaneous detection, threshold-free delineation, and waveform estimation of P and T waves on a beat-to-beat basis. By contrast to state-of-the-art methods that process multiple-beat signal blocks, the proposed Bayesian methods account for beat-to-beat waveform variations by sequentially estimating the waveforms for each beat. Our methods are based on Bayesian signal models that take into account previous beats as prior information. To estimate the unknown parameters of these Bayesian models, we first propose a block Gibbs sampler that exhibits fast convergence in spite of the strong local dependencies in the ECG signal. Then, in order to take into account all the information contained in the past rather than considering only one previous beat, a sequential Monte Carlo method is presented, with a marginalized particle filter that efficiently estimates the unknown parameters of the dynamic model. Both methods are evaluated on the annotated QT database and observed to achieve significant improvements in detection rate and delineation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods, thus providing promising approaches for sequential P and T wave analysis.

Published
2014
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50. A Semi-Analytical Model for Delay/Doppler Altimetry and Its Estimation Algorithm

Author

Abderrahim Halimi, Corinne Mailhes, François Boy, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Pierre Thibaut, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER - IFREMER (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Least squares estimation, Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimetry, Cryosat, Least squares (LS) estimation, Doppler radar, Least squares, Convolution, law.invention, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, law, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radar, Impulse response, Mathematics, Estimation theory, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Delay/Doppler, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Delay/Doppler (DD) map (DDM), Radar altimeter, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Altimetry, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; The concept of delay/Doppler (DD) altimetry (DDA) has been under study since the mid-1990s, aiming at reducing the measurement noise and increasing the along-track resolution in comparison with the conventional pulse-limited altimetry. This paper introduces a new model for the mean backscattered power waveform acquired by a radar altimeter operating in synthetic aperture radar mode, as well as an associated least squares (LS) estimation algorithm. As in conventional altimetry (CA), the mean power can be expressed as the convolution of three terms: the flat surface impulse response (FSIR), the probability density function of the heights of the specular scatterers, and the time/frequency point target response of the radar. An important contribution of this paper is to derive an analytical formula for the FSIR associated with DDA. This analytical formula is obtained for a circular antenna pattern, no mispointing, no vertical speed effect, and a uniform scattering. The double convolution defining the mean echo power can then be computed numerically, resulting in a 2-D semi-analytical model called the DD map (DDM). This DDM depends on three altimetric parameters: the epoch, the sea surface wave height, and the amplitude. A multi-look model is obtained by summing all the reflected echoes from the same along-track surface location of interest after applying appropriate delay compensation (range migration) to align the DDM on the same reference. The second contribution of this paper concerns the estimation of the parameters associated with the multi-look semi-analytical model. An LS approach is investigated by means of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Simulations conducted on simulated altimetric waveforms allow the performance of the proposed estimation algorithm to be appreciated. The analysis of Cryosat-2 waveforms shows an improvement in parameter estimation when compared to the CA.

Published
2014
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