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The European research vessel fleet plays a vital role in supporting scientific research and development not just in Europe but also across the globe. This document explores how the fleet has developed since the publication of the European Marine Board Position Paper 10 (EMB PP 10) "European Ocean Research Fleets – Towards a Common Strategy and Enhanced Use" (Binot et al., 2007). It looks at the current fleet and its equipment and capabilities (Chapter 2), the deep sea (Chapter 3) and Polar regions (Chapter 4) as study areas of ever- increasing importance for science and for the vessels that explore them, the role that research vessels play in the wider ocean observing landscape (Chapter 5), the importance of training personnel for research vessels (Chapter 6), and considers management of the European research vessel fleet (Chapter 7). This Position Paper considers what has changed since 2007, what the status is in 2019, and future directions for the European fleet, with a 10-year horizon to 2030. This Position Paper finds that the current European research vessel fleet is highly capable, and is able to provide excellent support to European marine science and wider scientific research and can lead on the world stage. However, with a typical life expectancy of a research vessel of 30 years, the fleet is ageing and urgently requires further investment and reinvestment to continue to be as efficient and capable as the scientific community expects and requires. The capabilities of the fleet have increased considerably since 2007, and vessels have kept up with fast-paced technological developments. The demand for complex and highly capable vessels will continue, and research vessel designs and the fleet as a whole will need to keep pace in order to remain fit-for-purpose and continue to be a key player globally. There is huge diversity in vessel types and designs in terms of capabilities and equipment, management structures and processes, and training possibilities. While

The European research vessel fleet plays a vital role in supporting scientific research and development not just in Europe but also across the globe. This document explores how the fleet has developed since the publication of the European Marine Board Position Paper 10 (EMB PP 10) "European Ocean Research Fleets – Towards a Common Strategy and Enhanced Use" (Binot et al., 2007). It looks at the current fleet and its equipment and capabilities (Chapter 2), the deep sea (Chapter 3) and Polar regions (Chapter 4) as study areas of ever- increasing importance for science and for the vessels that explore them, the role that research vessels play in the wider ocean observing landscape (Chapter 5), the importance of training personnel for research vessels (Chapter 6), and considers management of the European research vessel fleet (Chapter 7). This Position Paper considers what has changed since 2007, what the status is in 2019, and future directions for the European fleet, with a 10-year horizon to 2030. This Position Paper finds that the current European research vessel fleet is highly capable, and is able to provide excellent support to European marine science and wider scientific research and can lead on the world stage. However, with a typical life expectancy of a research vessel of 30 years, the fleet is ageing and urgently requires further investment and reinvestment to continue to be as efficient and capable as the scientific community expects and requires. The capabilities of the fleet have increased considerably since 2007, and vessels have kept up with fast-paced technological developments. The demand for complex and highly capable vessels will continue, and research vessel designs and the fleet as a whole will need to keep pace in order to remain fit-for-purpose and continue to be a key player globally. There is huge diversity in vessel types and designs in terms of capabilities and equipment, management structures and processes, and training possibilities. While

Continuous, heavy rainfall commencing in May 2014 has resulted in extensive flooding in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Thousands of landslides developed rapidly after several days of torrential rain. Shortly after a diverse group of geophysicists and geologists got together and set out a project to investigate these landslides. The main objective was to characterize and categorize landslides and provide results that could help devise an optimum mitigation program. Prediction of the reactivation potential of landslides was also of direct interest to the investigations. In the first phase of the project investigations included simultaneous acquisition of reflection, refraction, MASW and resistivity data along 17 profiles, distributed over six different localities. In addition, a mini 3D survey was successfully recorded along steep slope. These measurements were supported by sparse drilling, logging, coring, geotechnical analysis and the airborne laser scans. Very good agreement was achieved between different methods, despite vastly different geometry and composition of landslides. Joint analysis of resistivity images, reflection data, and P and S-velocity fields, obtained from refraction tomography and inversion of surface waves, provide new geological insights that are important for understanding the mechanism of a landslide. This will provide valuable input for a mitigation program.

Two airborne remote-sensing flights were conducted above a geothermal field in central Italy (the Latera caldera) where deep, naturally produced CO2 is migrating to surface along faults and leaking to the atmosphere at spatially restricted gas vents. The goal of these surveys was to understand if it is possible to locate CO2 leaking from a CO2 geological storage site through the application of indirect remote-sensing methods that primarily measure plant stress and subsequent ground-based verification using near-surface gas geochemistry techniques. The overall success rate obtained by integrating six different datasets was 39%, although some individual techniques, such as one NDVI survey, achieved a 47% success rate. While the work did discover some vents that were previously unknown, it also failed to locate five vents that are known to exist and, perhaps, other unknown vents. Future work will focus on understanding the various causes of false positives, automation of preliminary data interpretation, and the direct hyperspectral measurement of atmospheric CO2 produced by these natural seeps.