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Isolated rat hepatocytes, an intact cellular system capable of performing phase I and phase II metabolism, have been used to investigate metabolism of aflatoxin B These cells were found to metabolise [C] aflatoxin B to aflatoxins M and Q, and to radiolabelled polar material, presumably conjugates, as analysed by h.p.l.c., t.l.c. and radioactive determination. administration of the mixed function oxidase inducers, phenobarbitone and 3-methylcholanthrene, resulted in enhanced hepatocyte phase I (microsomal) metabolism of aflatoxin B In contrast to metabolism of AFB by subcellular systems increased production of polar material (conjugated metabolites) derived from [C] aflatoxin B was also detected in hepatocytes isolated from these pretreated animals. Formation of aflatoxin Q by isolated hepatocytes appeared to be mediated by cytochrome P450-linked enzymes whereas cytochrome P448-linked enzymes were apparently involved in aflatoxin M production. Chronic feeding of aflatoxin B to rats enhanced hepatocyte production of conjugated material only and did not elevate cellular cytochrome P450 levels, thus suggesting that aflatoxin B is not an inducer of its own primary metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to report on enablers and barriers during the first 2 years of the health systems integration project that included the implementation of a health navigator role. The project aims to improve health outcomes for children and young people residing in out of home care in rural Australia with a health navigator co-located between child protection practitioners and community health services clinicians., Setting: Rural Northwest Victoria., Participants: Sunraysia Community Health Services and the Department of Health and Human Services., Design: The qualitative design of the project evaluation involved semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence analysis. Analyses of interviews and documentary data demonstrate the challenging nature of siloed service delivery in rural Australia, particularly during a time that comprised multiple interruptions due to COVID-19., Results: A limited synergy between organisational priorities and reporting systems hindered project progress. The lack of a shared definition of 'health' challenged the effective collaboration between health clinicians and child protection practitioners and the role of the health navigator. The health navigator raising health awareness through project involvement, training and sector-wide stakeholder engagement resulted in a slow but steady process of increased prioritisation of health care, increased health literacy among the child protection workforce, and broadening participation of area-based stakeholders, but did not translate to increased access to health plans for children., Conclusion: Integrating health systems across multiple sites with support of a health navigator revealed difficulties, particularly during COVID-19. The first phase of the project demonstrated the value of shared governance and partnerships as an imperative foundation for fundamental change. Relationships strengthened throughout the project, leading to a better understanding of area-based strengths, which in turn supports improved pathways to health care for children and young people in OOHC within rural communities and driving the subsequent phases of the 10-year project., (© 2023 The Authors. Australian Journal of Rural Health published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of National Rural Health Alliance Ltd.)

Introduction: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention to prevent HIV infection in seronegative people at high risk of becoming infected. This strategy was endorsed in October 2019 by the Spanish Ministry of Health., Objective: To present the PrEP initial experience in the HIV Unit of the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, paying special attention to the analysis of the vulnerability factors in the cohort., Materials and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study. The epidemiological, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics of the users included in the program during the first year are analyzed, paying particular attention to Infections, risky practices, and substance use., Results: 190 individuals were included, 177 men and 12 trans women with a mean age of 35 years (8 SD). 70% had higher education, and half had Spanish nationality. An average of 10 couples per trimester and 60% reported unprotected anal sex. 31% had at least one positive PCR for STIs, with N. gonorrhoeae being the most prevalent microorganism (51%) and the rectal sample the most affected (21%). 63% reported chemsex use, 19% polydrug use, and 8% "slamming". Half expressed concern about consumption and/or sexual practices and 25% the need for help., Conclusions: The PrEP user profile attended in our Hospital Unit justifies the creation of multidisciplinary teams that allow us to provide holistic attention to the sexual life of these people., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)