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Your search keyword '"Corbett, E. L."' showing total 127 results
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127 results on '"Corbett, E. L."'

7. Cost-effectiveness of community-based HIV self-testing in Blantyre, Malawi

Author

Maheswaran, Hendramoorthy, Clarke, Aileen, MacPherson, P., Kumwenda, F., Lalloo, D. G., Corbett, E. L., and Petrou, Stavros

Subjects
RA0421
Abstract

Background:\ud Human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) is effective, with scale-up underway in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed cost-effectiveness of adding HIVST to existing facility-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services. Both 2010 (initiate at CD4

Published
2018

19. Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF for Detection of Tuberculosis from Blood Samples of HIV-Infected Adults Confirms Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia as an Indicator of Poor Prognosis

Author

Feasey, N. A., Banada, P. P., Howson, W., Sloan, D. J., Mdolo, A., Boehme, C., Chipungu, G. A., Allain, T. J., Heyderman, Robert, Corbett, E. L., and Alland, D.

Subjects
wc_240, qw_125, wc_503_5, wf_220
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death among HIV-infected adults, in part because of delayed diagnosis and therefore delayed initiation of treatment. Recently, the Gene-Xpert platform, a rapid, PCR-based diagnostic platform, has been validated for the diagnosis of TB with sputum. We have evaluated the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia and investigated its impact on clinical outcomes. Consecutive HIV-infected adults with fever and cough presenting to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, were recruited and followed up for 2 months. At presentation, three sputum samples were examined by smear, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the presence of M. tuberculosis and blood was drawn for PCR with Xpert, for mycobacterial culture (Myco/F Lytic), and for aerobic culture. One hundred four patients were recruited, and 44 (43%) were sputum culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Ten were Xpert blood positive, for a sensitivity of 21% and a specificity of 100%. The 2-week mortality rate was significantly higher among patients who were Xpert blood positive than among those who were negative (40% versus 3%; multivariate odds ratio [OR] for death if positive, 44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 662). This effect persisted on assessment of the mortality rate at 2 months (40% versus 11%; OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 24.6). When screening uncomplicated patients presenting with a productive cough for pulmonary TB, Xpert blood offers no diagnostic advantage over sputum testing. Despite this, Xpert blood positivity is highly predictive of early death and this test rapidly identifies a group of patients in urgent need of initiation of treatment.

Published
2013

20. Development and Validation of a Global Positioning System-based 'Map Book' System for Categorizing Cluster Residency Status of Community Members Living in High-Density Urban Slums in Blantyre, Malawi

Author

MacPherson, Peter, Choko, A. T., Webb, E. L., Thindwa, D., Squire, Bertie, Sambakunsi, R., van Oosterhout, J. J., Chunda, T., Chavula, K., Makombe, S. D., Lalloo, David, and Corbett, E. L.

Subjects
wa_950, qv_771, wa_395
Abstract

A significant methodological challenge in implementing community-based cluster-randomized trials is how to accurately categorize cluster residency when data are collected at a site distant from households. This study set out to validate a map book system for use in urban slums with no municipal address systems, where classification has been shown to be inaccurate when address descriptions were used. Between April and July 2011, 28 noncontiguous clusters were demarcated in Blantyre, Malawi. In December 2011, antiretroviral therapy initiators were asked to identify themselves as cluster residents (yes/no and which cluster) by using map books. A random sample of antiretroviral therapy initiators was used to validate map book categorization against Global Positioning System coordinates taken from participants' households. Of the 202 antiretroviral therapy initiators, 48 (23.8%) were categorized with the map book system as in-cluster residents and 147 (72.8%) as out-of-cluster residents, and 7 (3.4%) were unsure. Agreement between map books and the Global Positioning System was 100% in the 20 adults selected for validation and was 95.0% (κ = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.00) in an additional 20 in-cluster residents (overall κ = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.90, 1.00). With map books, cluster residents were classified rapidly and accurately. If validated elsewhere, this approach could be of widespread value in that it would enable accurate categorization without home visits.

Published
2013

21. Causes of Acute Hospitalization in Adolescence: Burden and Spectrum of HIV-Related Morbidity in a Country with an Early-Onset and Severe HIV Epidemic: A Prospective Survey

Author

Ferrand, R. A., Bandason, T., Musvaire, P., Larke, N., Nathoo, K., Mujuru, H., Ndhlovu, C. E., Munyati, S., Cowan, F. M., Gibb, D. M., and Corbett, E. L.

Subjects
ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, INFECTED CHILDREN, OLDER CHILDREN, COTE-DIVOIRE, MORTALITY, DISEASE, AFRICA, GROWTH, UGANDA, ADULTS
Abstract

Background: Survival to older childhood with untreated, vertically acquired HIV infection, which was previously considered extremely unusual, is increasingly well described. However, the overall impact on adolescent health in settings with high HIV seroprevalence has not previously been investigated.Methods and Findings: Adolescents (aged 10-18 y) systematically recruited from acute admissions to the two public hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe, answered a questionnaire and underwent standard investigations including HIV testing, with consent. Pre-set case-definitions defined cause of admission and underlying chronic conditions. Participation was 94%. 139 (46%) of 301 participants were HIV-positive (median age of diagnosis 12 y: interquartile range [IQR] 11-14 y), median CD4 count = 151; IQR 57-328 cells/mu l), but only four (1.3%) were herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) positive. Age (median 13 y: IQR 11-16 y) and sex (57% male) did not differ by HIV status, but HIV-infected participants were significantly more likely to be stunted (z-score < -2: 52% versus 23%, p

Published
2010

28. Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Due to Multiple and Unusual HPV Infection Among Vertically-Infected, HIV-Positive Adolescents in Zimbabwe

Author

Lowe, S. M., primary, Katsidzira, L., additional, Meys, R., additional, Sterling, J. C., additional, de Koning, M., additional, Quint, W., additional, Nathoo, K., additional, Munyati, S., additional, Ndhlovu, C. E., additional, Salisbury, J. R., additional, Bunker, C. B., additional, Corbett, E. L., additional, Miller, R. F., additional, and Ferrand, R. A., additional

Published
2012
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40. Reply to Talbot et al

Author

Corbett, E. L., primary, Munyati, S. S., additional, Mungofa, S., additional, Gwanzura, L., additional, Mutsvangwa, J., additional, and Mason, P. R., additional

Published
2005
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41. Chronic Cough in Primary Health Care Attendees, Harare, Zimbabwe: Diagnosis and Impact of HIV Infection

Author

Munyati, S. S., primary, Dhoba, T., additional, Makanza, E. D., additional, Mungofa, S., additional, Wellington, M., additional, Mutsvangwa, J., additional, Gwanzura, L., additional, Hakim, J., additional, Nyakabau, M., additional, Mason, P. R., additional, Robertson, V., additional, Rusakaniko, S., additional, Butterworth, A. E., additional, and Corbett, E. L., additional

Published
2005
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