15 results on '"Coppinger C"'
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2. Influence of tides on assemblages and behaviour of fishes associated with shallow seagrass edges and bare sand
- Author
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Becker, A, primary, Coppinger, C, additional, and Whitfield, AK, additional
- Published
- 2012
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3. Guidelines for midwives by midwives.
- Author
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Cavanagh C, Coppinger C, Franck L, and Stewart R
- Published
- 2005
4. Primary Ether Anaesthesia
- Author
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Coppinger, C., primary
- Published
- 1879
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5. A New Method of Applying the Ecraseur for the Removal of the Tongue
- Author
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Coppinger, C., primary
- Published
- 1878
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6. Transcriptional programs of Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b controlling lineage specification of mandibular epithelium during tooth initiation.
- Author
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Shao F, Phan AV, Yu W, Guo Y, Thompson J, Coppinger C, Venugopalan SR, Amendt BA, Van Otterloo E, and Cao H
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- Animals, Mice, Cell Lineage genetics, Epithelium metabolism, Gene Regulatory Networks, Odontogenesis genetics, Signal Transduction, Tooth metabolism, Tooth growth & development, Tooth embryology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Homeobox Protein PITX2, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Homeodomain Proteins metabolism, Mandible metabolism, SOXB1 Transcription Factors metabolism, SOXB1 Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factor AP-2 metabolism, Transcription Factor AP-2 genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
How the dorsal-ventral axis of the vertebrate jaw, particularly the position of tooth initiation site, is established remains a critical and unresolved question. Tooth development starts with the formation of the dental lamina, a localized thickened strip within the maxillary and mandibular epithelium. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) controlling the specification of dental lamina from the naïve mandibular epithelium, we utilized Laser Microdissection coupled low-input RNA-seq (LMD-RNA-seq) to profile gene expression of different domains of the mandibular epithelium along the dorsal-ventral axis. We comprehensively identified transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways that are differentially expressed along mandibular epithelial domains (including the dental lamina). Specifically, we found that the TFs Sox2 and Tfap2 (Tfap2a/Tfap2b) formed complimentary expression domains along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mandibular epithelium. Interestingly, both classic and novel dental lamina specific TFs-such as Pitx2, Ascl5 and Zfp536-were found to localize near the Sox2:Tfap2a/Tfap2b interface. To explore the functional significance of these domain specific TFs, we next examined loss-of-function mouse models of these domain specific TFs, including the dental lamina specific TF, Pitx2, and the ventral surface ectoderm specific TFs Tfap2a and Tfap2b. We found that disruption of domain specific TFs leads to an upregulation and expansion of the alternative domain's TRN. The importance of this cross-repression is evident by the ectopic expansion of Pitx2 and Sox2 positive dental lamina structure in Tfap2a/Tfap2b ectodermal double knockouts and the emergence of an ectopic tooth in the ventral surface ectoderm. Finally, we uncovered an unappreciated interface of mesenchymal SHH and WNT signaling pathways, at the site of tooth initiation, that were established by the epithelial domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b. These results uncover a previously unknown molecular mechanism involving cross-repression of domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b in patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse mandible, specifically the regulation of tooth initiation site., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Shao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
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7. Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate Adherence Benchmarks in Dried Blood Spots for Persons with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine-based Antiretroviral Therapy (QUANTI-TAF).
- Author
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Coyle RP, Morrow M, Mann SC, Mainella V, Ellis SL, Schwab S, Coppinger C, Barker N, Ellison L, Zheng JH, Al Zuabi S, Alpert PE, Carnes TC, Buffkin DE Jr, Chai PR, Bushman LR, Kiser JJ, MaWhinney S, Brooks KM, Anderson PL, and Castillo-Mancilla JR
- Abstract
Background: QUANTI-TAF aimed to establish tenofovir-diphosphate/emtricitabine-triphosphate (TFV-DP/FTC-TP) adherence benchmarks in dried blood spots (DBS) for persons with HIV (PWH) receiving tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART)., Methods: During a 16-week pharmacokinetic study, PWH received TAF/FTC-based ART co-encapsulated with an ingestible sensor to directly measure cumulative (enrollment to final visit) and 10-day adherence. At monthly visits, intraerythrocytic concentrations of TAF/FTC anabolites (TFV-DP/FTC-TP) in DBS were quantified by LC-MS/MS and summarized at steady-state (week 12 or 16) as median (IQR). Linear mixed-effects models evaluated factors associated with TFV-DP/FTC-TP., Results: 84 participants (86% male, 11% female, and 4% transgender), predominantly receiving bictegravir/TAF/FTC (73%) enrolled. 92% completed week 12 or 16 (94% receiving unboosted ART). TFV-DP for <85% (7/72), ≥85%-<95% (9/72), and ≥95% (56/72) cumulative adherence was 2696 (2039-4108), 3117 (2332-3339), and 3344 (2605-4293) fmol/punches. All participants with ≥85% cumulative adherence had TFV-DP ≥1800 fmol/punches. Adjusting for cumulative adherence, TFV-DP was higher with boosted ART, lower BMI, and in non-Blacks. FTC-TP for <85% (14/77), ≥85%-<95% (6/77), and ≥95% (57/77) 10-day adherence was 3.52 (2.64-4.48), 4.58 (4.39-5.06), and 4.96 (4.21-6.26) pmol/punches. All participants with ≥85% 10-day adherence had FTC-TP ≥2.5 pmol/punches. Low-level viremia (HIV-1 RNA ≥20-<200 copies/mL) occurred at 60/335 (18%) visits in 33/84 (39%) participants (range: 20-149 copies/mL), with similar TFV-DP (3177 [2494-4149] fmol/punches) compared with HIV-1 RNA <20 copies/mL visits (3279 [2580-4407] fmol/punches)., Conclusions: We propose PK-based TFV-DP (≥1800 fmol/punches)/FTC-TP (≥2.5 pmol/punches) benchmarks in DBS for PWH receiving unboosted TAF/FTC-based ART with ≥85% adherence. In the setting of high adherence, low-level viremia was common., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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8. Berberine: A Multi-Target Natural PCSK9 Inhibitor with the Potential to Treat Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease.
- Author
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Coppinger C, Pomales B, Movahed MR, Marefat M, and Hashemzadeh M
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- Humans, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Proprotein Convertase 9 metabolism, Berberine pharmacology, Berberine therapeutic use, Berberine pharmacokinetics, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Berberine is a natural product with a wide range of pharmacological effects. It has antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, and cholesterollowering properties, among others. It has been used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine for 3000 years and is generally well-tolerated with few side effects. Its main drawback is low oral bioavailability, which has hindered widespread clinical use. However, recent interest has surged with the emergence of evidence that berberine is effective in treating cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disease via multiple mechanisms. It enhances insulin sensitivity and secretion by pancreatic β-cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in addition to reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4 and TNF-α. These cytokines are elevated in Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are associated with positive outcomes such as improved cognition, reduced cardiovascular events, and improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Berberine is a natural PCSK9 inhibitor, which contributes to its hypolipidemic effects. It also increases low-density lipoprotein receptor expression, reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, and promotes cholesterol excretion from the liver to the bile. This translates into a notable decrease in LDL cholesterol levels. High LDL cholesterol levels are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Novel synthetic berberine derivatives are currently being developed that optimize LDL reduction, bioavailability, and other pharmacokinetic properties., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2024
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9. A Comprehensive Review of PCSK9 Inhibitors.
- Author
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Coppinger C, Movahed MR, Azemawah V, Peyton L, Gregory J, and Hashemzadeh M
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- Antibodies, Monoclonal adverse effects, Cholesterol, LDL, Humans, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Proprotein Convertase 9 metabolism, Subtilisin therapeutic use, United States, Anticholesteremic Agents adverse effects, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors adverse effects, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II diagnosis, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II drug therapy, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II genetics
- Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. A major risk factor for this condition is increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels for which statins have been successful in reducing serum LDL-C to healthy concentrations. However, patients who are statin intolerant or those who do not achieve their treatment goals while on high-intensity statin therapy, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia, remain at risk. With the discovery of PCSK9 inhibitors, the ability to provide more aggressive treatment for patients with homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia has increased. Ezetimibe reduces LDL-C by 15%-20% when combined with statin.
2,3 Protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been found to achieve profound reductions in LDL-C (54%-74%) when added to statins. They have shown dramatic effects at lowering major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk patients4 with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL and can be used in populations that are statin intolerant or not at goal levels with maximally tolerated statin therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors also produce minimal side effects. Myopathy, a common side effect for patients on statins, has been rare in patients on PCSK9 inhibitors. Randomized trials have shown that reduction in LDL-C has translated to clinical benefits even in patients who have not achieved their LDL-C target.- Published
- 2022
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10. Sickle cell disease and thalassaemia antenatal screening programme in England over 10 years: a review from 2007/2008 to 2016/2017.
- Author
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Weil LG, Charlton MR, Coppinger C, Daniel Y, and Streetly A
- Subjects
- Anemia, Sickle Cell epidemiology, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Early Diagnosis, England epidemiology, Female, Humans, Program Evaluation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thalassemia epidemiology, Anemia, Sickle Cell diagnosis, Prenatal Diagnosis methods, Thalassemia diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the antenatal sickle cell and thalassaemia screening programme in England over 10 years from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2017., Methods: Four routine data sources were used: antenatal screening laboratory data; key performance indicator data from maternity trusts; prenatal diagnosis (PND) laboratory data and data from screening incidents., Results: For the 10 years examined a total of 6608 575 booking samples were reported as screened, and 154 196 pregnant women required further testing. There were 3941 reported PND tests of which there were 964 affected fetal results. Antenatal test coverage and Family Origin Questionnaire completion rates are high and increasing; the proportion of tests declined has decreased. However, there is wide variation in the timing of antenatal tests and completeness of follow-up and testing. Since 2014/2015 a lower proportion of PND tests are performed by the programme standard of 12+6 weeks. Results suggest that PND timing affects reproductive choices as those with an affected fetus identified by PND testing earlier are more likely to terminate the pregnancy., Conclusions: The screening programme appears to be widely accepted as part of routine antenatal care in England. However, the timeliness of screening and subsequent PND testing has consistently not met programme standards. Improving timeliness would enable individuals to consider their options to make informed choices for their pregnancies at the appropriate time. This paper reports carrier rates for an almost complete cohort of women which provides important epidemiological information on the genetic profile of women in England., Competing Interests: Competing interests: YD is Scientific Advisor to the screening programme since 2010. AS was Programme Director for the NHS SCT screening programme from 2002 to the end of March 2013. CC was PHE Programme Manager, NHS SCT screening programme from 1 April 2013 until 30 June 2019. MRMC was Screening Data and Information Manager for the NHS SCT screening programme between September 2010 and April 2018., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2020
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11. Newborn Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening Programme: Automating and Enhancing the System to Evaluate the Screening Programme.
- Author
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Coppinger C and O'Loughlin R
- Abstract
Good information is needed to demonstrate that a screening programme is meeting its objectives, to measure performance against standards and to ensure that action is taken if standards are not met. In 2010, the NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia (SCT) Screening Programme established a process to collect data on the main outcome measures for newborn babies. In 2016, a review identified that data completeness and quality relied on manual processes and there was widespread dissatisfaction amongst data providers due to duplication of data entry, poor feedback and lack of oversight of the baby to ensure safe handover from screening into treatment services. Using an Agile service design process and following the Government Digital Service Model, the SCT Screening Programme worked in close collaboration with users, wider stakeholders and system suppliers to design and build a new automated system. The new system ensures that the screening programme can fulfil its duty to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme, whilst pleasing the users and enhancing safety. User experience must be central to design and ongoing development to ensure that a new IT system is fit for purpose and adopted by users., Competing Interests: Conflicts of InterestC.C. was Programme Manager from 1 April 2013 until 30 June 2019 and Product Owner. R.O. took up the role of Project Lead in April 2018 and Product Owner from 1 July 2019., (© 2019 by the authors.)
- Published
- 2019
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12. Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Europe.
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Daniel Y, Elion J, Allaf B, Badens C, Bouva MJ, Brincat I, Cela E, Coppinger C, de Montalembert M, Gulbis B, Henthorn J, Ketelslegers O, McMahon C, Streetly A, Colombatti R, and Lobitz S
- Abstract
The history of newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) in Europe goes back almost 40 years. However, most European countries have not established it to date. The European screening map is surprisingly heterogenous. The first countries to introduce sickle cell screening on a national scale were France and England. The French West Indies started to screen their newborns for SCD as early as 1983/84. To this day, all countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have added SCD as a target disease to their NBS programs. The Netherlands, Spain and Malta also have national programs. Belgium screens regionally in the Brussels and Liège regions, Ireland has been running a pilot for many years that has become quasi-official. However, the Belgian and Irish programs are not publicly funded. Italy and Germany have completed several pilot studies but are still in the preparatory phase of national NBS programs for SCD, although both countries have well-established concepts for metabolic and endocrine disorders. This article will give a brief overview of the situation in Europe and put a focus on the programs of the two pioneers of the continent, England and France., Competing Interests: Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2019 by the authors.)
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- 2019
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13. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Europe: recommendations from a Pan-European Consensus Conference.
- Author
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Lobitz S, Telfer P, Cela E, Allaf B, Angastiniotis M, Backman Johansson C, Badens C, Bento C, Bouva MJ, Canatan D, Charlton M, Coppinger C, Daniel Y, de Montalembert M, Ducoroy P, Dulin E, Fingerhut R, Frömmel C, García-Morin M, Gulbis B, Holtkamp U, Inusa B, James J, Kleanthous M, Klein J, Kunz JB, Langabeer L, Lapouméroulie C, Marcao A, Marín Soria JL, McMahon C, Ohene-Frempong K, Périni JM, Piel FB, Russo G, Sainati L, Schmugge M, Streetly A, Tshilolo L, Turner C, Venturelli D, Vilarinho L, Yahyaoui R, Elion J, and Colombatti R
- Subjects
- Anemia, Sickle Cell epidemiology, Consensus Development Conferences as Topic, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neonatal Screening, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Anemia, Sickle Cell diagnostic imaging, Anemia, Sickle Cell genetics
- Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an increasing global health problem and presents significant challenges to European health care systems. Newborn screening (NBS) for SCD enables early initiation of preventive measures and has contributed to a reduction in childhood mortality from SCD. Policies and methodologies for NBS vary in different countries, and this might have consequences for the quality of care and clinical outcomes for SCD across Europe. A two-day Pan-European consensus conference was held in Berlin in April 2017 in order to appraise the current status of NBS for SCD and to develop consensus-based statements on indications and methodology for NBS for SCD in Europe. More than 50 SCD experts from 13 European countries participated in the conference. This paper aims to summarise the discussions and present consensus recommendations which can be used to support the development of NBS programmes in European countries where they do not yet exist, and to review existing programmes., (© 2018 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2018
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14. Health visitors' role in newborn blood spot screening.
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Hargreaves K, Stewart R, Sinclair J, Oliver S, Thorogood J, and Coppinger C
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- Adaptation, Psychological, Algorithms, Attitude to Health, Blood Specimen Collection nursing, Blood Specimen Collection psychology, Communication, Decision Trees, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Neonatal Screening methods, Neonatal Screening psychology, Parental Consent, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Professional-Family Relations, Social Support, Truth Disclosure, United Kingdom, Community Health Nursing organization & administration, Neonatal Screening nursing, Nurse's Role psychology, Parents education, Parents psychology
- Abstract
New national policies and standards for newborn blood spot screening for some uncommon but serious conditions indicate that health visitors may have an increasingly important role in supporting parents. This may include offering support and guidance through times of uncertainty and hearing bad news about their baby's screening result. The U.K. Newborn Screening Programme Centre (UKNSPC) has developed resources for health professionals to support them in communicating with parents about newborn blood spot screening at different times in the screening pathway. In an era of informed choice in health care, including screening, effective communication and the provision of evidence-based information are increasingly highlighted. This paper draws attention to the importance of effective communication between health professionals and parents, and describes the resources developed specifically to support this. It outlines the communication guidelines developed by the UKNSPC, paying particular attention to the role of health visitors at critical times in parents' screening journey.
- Published
- 2006
15. Women's reported self-care behaviors during pregnancy.
- Author
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Hawkins JW, Aber CS, Cannan A, Coppinger CM, and Rafferty KO
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attitude to Health, Pregnancy psychology, Prenatal Care methods, Self Care methods, Women psychology
- Abstract
Responsibility for self-care is the purview of the pregnant woman. Her self-care behaviors are influenced by her quest for a healthy pregnancy and by her health care providers and social network. Our purpose in this descriptive ex post facto study was to examine women's reported self-care behaviors during pregnancy. The 100 women in the study sample reported engaging in self-care behaviors that were both positive and negative. More than half of the women reported activities to keep healthy that included walking or jogging, 48 changed their diets, 25 reported working out, exercising, and/or mediating. Of the 32 women experiencing a medical problem with their pregnancies, none reported engaging in behaviors to keep healthy. Assessing reported self-care behaviors early in pregnancy might help identify women who can benefit from advice about self-care strategies to increase their chances of healthy outcomes.
- Published
- 1998
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