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1. Enhancing European capabilities for application of multi-omics studies in biology and biomedicine space research

Author

European Space Agency, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), University of Nottingham, Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cahill, Thomas [0000-0003-3607-6069], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Mieczkowski, Jakub [0000-0002-2091-012X], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Manzano, Aranzazu, Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Cope, Henry, Deane, Colleen S., Etheridge,Timothy, Giacomello, Stefania, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Mieczkowski, Jakub, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Walsh, Stephen B., Da Silveira, William A., Herranz, Raúl, European Space Agency, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), University of Nottingham, Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cahill, Thomas [0000-0003-3607-6069], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Mieczkowski, Jakub [0000-0002-2091-012X], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Manzano, Aranzazu, Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Cope, Henry, Deane, Colleen S., Etheridge,Timothy, Giacomello, Stefania, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Mieczkowski, Jakub, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Walsh, Stephen B., Da Silveira, William A., and Herranz, Raúl

Abstract

Following on from the NASA twins’ study there has been a tremendous interest in the use of omics techniques in spaceflight. The individual space agency’s, NASA’s GeneLab, JAXA´s ibSLS and ESA-funded Space Omics Topical Team and the International Standards for Space Omics Processing (ISSOP) group have established several initiatives to support this growth. Here, we present recommendations from the Space Omics Topical Team to promote standard application of space omics in Europe. We focus on four main themes: i) continued participation in and co-ordination with international omics endeavours; ii) strengthening of the European space omics infrastructure including workforce and facilities; iii) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in the commercial space sector, and iv) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in human subjects research.

Published
2023

2. Challenges and considerations for single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics sample collection during spaceflight

Author

European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Swedish Research Council, Overbey, Eliah G. [0000-0002-2866-8294], Das, Saswati [0000-0002-4548-0066], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Andrusivova, Zaneta [0000-0002-4350-2524], Frapard, Solène [0000-0002-2649-7225], Klotz, Rebecca [0000-0001-7093-8086], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Park, Jiwoon [0000-0003-0045-1429], Chirko, Dawn [0000-0002-8879-3652], Galazka, Jonathan M. [0000-0002-4153-0249], Costes, Sylvain V. [0000-0002-8542-2389], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Borg, Joseph [0000-0002-0270-3098], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Overbey, Eliah G., Das, Saswati, Cope, Henry, Madrigal, Pedro, Andrusivova, Zaneta, Frapard, Solène, Klotz, Rebecca, Bezdan, Daniela, Gupta, Anjali, Scott, Ryan T., Park, Jiwoon, Chirko, Dawn, Galazka, Jonathan M., Costes, Sylvain V., Mason, Christopher E., Herranz, Raúl, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Borg, Joseph, Giacomello, Stefania, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Swedish Research Council, Overbey, Eliah G. [0000-0002-2866-8294], Das, Saswati [0000-0002-4548-0066], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Andrusivova, Zaneta [0000-0002-4350-2524], Frapard, Solène [0000-0002-2649-7225], Klotz, Rebecca [0000-0001-7093-8086], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Park, Jiwoon [0000-0003-0045-1429], Chirko, Dawn [0000-0002-8879-3652], Galazka, Jonathan M. [0000-0002-4153-0249], Costes, Sylvain V. [0000-0002-8542-2389], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Borg, Joseph [0000-0002-0270-3098], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Overbey, Eliah G., Das, Saswati, Cope, Henry, Madrigal, Pedro, Andrusivova, Zaneta, Frapard, Solène, Klotz, Rebecca, Bezdan, Daniela, Gupta, Anjali, Scott, Ryan T., Park, Jiwoon, Chirko, Dawn, Galazka, Jonathan M., Costes, Sylvain V., Mason, Christopher E., Herranz, Raúl, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Borg, Joseph, and Giacomello, Stefania

Abstract

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) have experienced rapid development in recent years. The findings of spaceflight-based scRNA-seq and SRT investigations are likely to improve our understanding of life in space and our comprehension of gene expression in various cell systems and tissue dynamics. However, compared to their Earth-based counterparts, gene expression experiments conducted in spaceflight have not experienced the same pace of development. Out of the hundreds of spaceflight gene expression datasets available, only a few used scRNA-seq and SRT. In this perspective piece, we explore the growing importance of scRNA-seq and SRT in space biology and discuss the challenges and considerations relevant to robust experimental design to enable growth of these methods in the field.

Published
2022

3. Routine omics collection is a golden opportunity for European human research in space and analog environments

Author

European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Swedish Research Council, Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Toh, Li Shean [0000-0002-9228-6266], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Cope, Henry, Willis, Craig R.G., MacKay, Matthew J., Rutter, Lindsay, Toh, Li Shean, Williams, Philip M., Herranz, Raúl, Borg, Joseph, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, Muratani, Masafumi, Mason, Christopher E., Etheridge,Timothy, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Swedish Research Council, Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Toh, Li Shean [0000-0002-9228-6266], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Cope, Henry, Willis, Craig R.G., MacKay, Matthew J., Rutter, Lindsay, Toh, Li Shean, Williams, Philip M., Herranz, Raúl, Borg, Joseph, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, Muratani, Masafumi, Mason, Christopher E., Etheridge,Timothy, and Szewczyk, Nathaniel

Abstract

Widespread generation and analysis of omics data have revolutionized molecular medicine on Earth, yet its power to yield new mechanistic insights and improve occupational health during spaceflight is still to be fully realized in humans. Nevertheless, rapid technological advancements and ever-regular spaceflight programs mean that longitudinal, standardized, and cost-effective collection of human space omics data are firmly within reach. Here, we consider the practicality and scientific return of different sampling methods and omic types in the context of human spaceflight. We also appraise ethical and legal considerations pertinent to omics data derived from European astronauts and spaceflight participants (SFPs). Ultimately, we propose that a routine omics collection program in spaceflight and analog environments presents a golden opportunity. Unlocking this bright future of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analyses and personalized medicine approaches will require further investigation into best practices, including policy design and standardization of omics data, metadata, and sampling methods.

Published
2022

4. Mammalian and invertebrate models as complementary tools for gaining mechanistic insight on muscle responses to spaceflight

Author

University of Nottingham, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Bass, Joseph J. [0000-0002-8236-681X], Overbey, Eliah G. [0000-0002-2866-8294], Gilbert, Rachel [0000-0002-1380-8012], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Paul, Amber M. [0000-0002-1657-3618], Mishra, Tejaswini [0000-0001-9931-1260], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Costes, Sylvain V. [0000-0002-8542-2389], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Tahimic, Candice G. T. [0000-0001-5862-2652], Cahill, Thomas, Cope, Henry, Bass, Joseph J., Overbey, Eliah G., Gilbert, Rachel, Da Silveira, William A., Paul, Amber M., Mishra, Tejaswini, Herranz, Raúl, Reinsch, Sigrid, Costes, Sylvain V., Hardiman, Gary, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Tahimic, Candice G. T., University of Nottingham, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Bass, Joseph J. [0000-0002-8236-681X], Overbey, Eliah G. [0000-0002-2866-8294], Gilbert, Rachel [0000-0002-1380-8012], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Paul, Amber M. [0000-0002-1657-3618], Mishra, Tejaswini [0000-0001-9931-1260], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Costes, Sylvain V. [0000-0002-8542-2389], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Tahimic, Candice G. T. [0000-0001-5862-2652], Cahill, Thomas, Cope, Henry, Bass, Joseph J., Overbey, Eliah G., Gilbert, Rachel, Da Silveira, William A., Paul, Amber M., Mishra, Tejaswini, Herranz, Raúl, Reinsch, Sigrid, Costes, Sylvain V., Hardiman, Gary, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, and Tahimic, Candice G. T.

Abstract

Bioinformatics approaches have proven useful in understanding biological responses to spaceflight. Spaceflight experiments remain resource intensive and rare. One outstanding issue is how to maximize scientific output from a limited number of omics datasets from traditional animal models including nematodes, fruitfly, and rodents. The utility of omics data from invertebrate models in anticipating mammalian responses to spaceflight has not been fully explored. Hence, we performed comparative analyses of transcriptomes of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in mice that underwent 37 days of spaceflight. Results indicate shared stress responses and altered circadian rhythm. EDL showed more robust growth signals and Pde2a downregulation, possibly underlying its resistance to atrophy versus soleus. Spaceflight and hindlimb unloading mice shared differential regulation of proliferation, circadian, and neuronal signaling. Shared gene regulation in muscles of humans on bedrest and space flown rodents suggest targets for mitigating muscle atrophy in space and on Earth. Spaceflight responses of C. elegans were more similar to EDL. Discrete life stages of D. melanogaster have distinct utility in anticipating EDL and soleus responses. In summary, spaceflight leads to shared and discrete molecular responses between muscle types and invertebrate models may augment mechanistic knowledge gained from rodent spaceflight and ground-based studies.

Published
2021

5. A new era for space life science: international standards for space omics processing

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Philadelphia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Gabitto, Mariano [0000-0001-6911-344X], Gebre, Samrawit [0000-0002-8963-4856], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Gilroy, Simon [0000-0001-9597-6839], Green, Stefan J. [0000-0003-2781-359X], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Galazka, Jonathan M. [0000-0002-4153-0249], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000], Rutter, Lindsay, Barker, Richard, Bezdan, Daniela, Cope, Henry, Costes, Sylvain V., Degoricija, Lovorka, Fisch, Kathleen M., Gabitto, Mariano, Gebre, Samrawit, Giacomello, Stefania, Gilroy, Simon, Green, Stefan J., Mason, Christopher E., Reinsch, Sigrid, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Taylor, Deanne M., Galazka, Jonathan M., Herranz, Raúl, Muratani, Masafumi, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Philadelphia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Gabitto, Mariano [0000-0001-6911-344X], Gebre, Samrawit [0000-0002-8963-4856], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Gilroy, Simon [0000-0001-9597-6839], Green, Stefan J. [0000-0003-2781-359X], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Galazka, Jonathan M. [0000-0002-4153-0249], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000], Rutter, Lindsay, Barker, Richard, Bezdan, Daniela, Cope, Henry, Costes, Sylvain V., Degoricija, Lovorka, Fisch, Kathleen M., Gabitto, Mariano, Gebre, Samrawit, Giacomello, Stefania, Gilroy, Simon, Green, Stefan J., Mason, Christopher E., Reinsch, Sigrid, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Taylor, Deanne M., Galazka, Jonathan M., Herranz, Raúl, and Muratani, Masafumi

Abstract

Space agencies have announced plans for human missions to the Moon to prepare for Mars. However, the space environment presents stressors that include radiation, microgravity, and isolation. Understanding how these factors affect biology is crucial for safe and effective crewed space exploration. There is a need to develop countermeasures, to adapt plants and microbes for nutrient sources and bioregenerative life support, and to limit pathogen infection. Scientists across the world are conducting space omics experiments on model organisms and, more recently, on humans. Optimal extraction of actionable scientific discoveries from these precious datasets will only occur at the collective level with improved standardization. To address this shortcoming, we established ISSOP (International Standards for Space Omics Processing), an international consortium of scientists who aim to enhance standard guidelines between space biologists at a global level. Here we introduce our consortium and share past lessons learned and future challenges related to spaceflight omics.

Published
2020

6. Routine omics collection is a golden opportunity for European human research in space and analog environments

Author

Henry Cope, Craig R.G. Willis, Matthew J. MacKay, Lindsay A. Rutter, Li Shean Toh, Philip M. Williams, Raúl Herranz, Joseph Borg, Daniela Bezdan, Stefania Giacomello, Masafumi Muratani, Christopher E. Mason, Timothy Etheridge, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Swedish Research Council, Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Toh, Li Shean [0000-0002-9228-6266], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Cope, Henry, Rutter, Lindsay, Toh, Li Shean, Herranz, Raúl, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, Muratani, Masafumi, Mason, Christopher E., Etheridge,Timothy, and Szewczyk, Nathaniel

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, Space flight -- Computer simulation, Data protection -- Law and legislation, General Decision Sciences, Commercial spaceflight, Multiomics, Space stations -- International cooperation, Longitudinal method, Artificial intelligence -- Case studies, Personalized medicine, International Space Station, biobank, Longitudinal monitoring, Biobanks, Astronaut ethics, Personalized medicine -- Economic aspects, Astronauts, GDPR, European Space Agency
Abstract

16 p.-3 fig.-1 tab., Widespread generation and analysis of omics data have revolutionized molecular medicine on Earth, yet its power to yield new mechanistic insights and improve occupational health during spaceflight is still to be fully realized in humans. Nevertheless, rapid technological advancements and ever-regular spaceflight programs mean that longitudinal, standardized, and cost-effective collection of human space omics data are firmly within reach. Here, we consider the practicality and scientific return of different sampling methods and omic types in the context of human spaceflight. We also appraise ethical and legal considerations pertinent to omics data derived from European astronauts and spaceflight participants (SFPs). Ultimately, we propose that a routine omics collection program in spaceflight and analog environments presents a golden opportunity. Unlocking this bright future of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analyses and personalized medicine approaches will require further investigation into best practices, including policy design and standardization of omics data, metadata, and sampling methods., H.C., R.H., J.B., D.B., S.G., T.E., and N.J.S. are members of the ESA Space Omics Topical Team, funded by the ESA grant/contract 4000131202/20/NL/PG/pt “Space Omics: Towards an integrated ESA/NASA –omics database for spaceflight and ground facilities experiments” awarded to R.H., which was the main funding source for this work. H.C. is also supported by the Horizon Center for Doctoral Training at the University of Nottingham (UKRI grant no. EP/S023305/1). S.G. is supported by the Swedish Research Council VR grant 2020-04864. L.A.R. and M.M. represent the Omics Subgroup of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI funding group “Living in Space” and are supported by JP15K21745, JP20H03234, and 20F20382. L.A.R. is also supported by the JSPS postdoctoral fellowship P20382. We thank Dr. Sarah Castro-Wallace, the NASA GeneLab Animal AWG, ISSOP, ESA Space Omics Topical Team, ESA Personalized Medicine Topical Team, and Global Alliance for Genomic Health (GA4GH) for useful discussions.

Published
2022

7. Mammalian and Invertebrate Models as Complementary Tools for Gaining Mechanistic Insight on Muscle Responses to Spaceflight

Author

Henry Cope, Candice Tahimic, Rachel Gilbert, Joseph J. Bass, Sigrid Reinsch, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Sylvain V. Costes, Eliah G. Overbey, Thomas J. Cahill, Raúl Herranz, Amber M. Paul, Willian A. da Silveira, Gary Hardiman, Tejaswini Mishra, University of Nottingham, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Bass, Joseph J. [0000-0002-8236-681X], Overbey, Eliah G. [0000-0002-2866-8294], Gilbert, Rachel [0000-0002-1380-8012], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Paul, Amber M. [0000-0002-1657-3618], Mishra, Tejaswini [0000-0001-9931-1260], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Costes, Sylvain V. [0000-0002-8542-2389], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Tahimic, Candice G. T. [0000-0001-5862-2652], Cope, Henry, Bass, Joseph J., Overbey, Eliah G., Gilbert, Rachel, Da Silveira, William A., Paul, Amber M., Mishra, Tejaswini, Herranz, Raúl, Reinsch, Sigrid, Costes, Sylvain V., Hardiman, Gary, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, and Tahimic, Candice G. T.

Subjects
Extraterrestrial Environment, Hindlimb unloading, muscle, Gene Expression, law.invention, Transcriptome, Neuronal signaling, Mice, transcriptomics, law, Databases, Genetic, Melanogaster, Biology (General), Spectroscopy, Regulation of gene expression, biology, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Muscle atrophy, Circadian Rhythm, Animal models, Computer Science Applications, Muscular Atrophy, Chemistry, Drosophila melanogaster, Hindlimb Suspension, Models, Animal, Muscle, medicine.symptom, QH301-705.5, Spaceflight, Article, Catalysis, Cross-species comparison, Inorganic Chemistry, spaceflight, Stress, Physiological, medicine, Animals, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Caenorhabditis elegans, Muscle, Skeletal, Transcriptomics, Molecular Biology, QD1-999, Weightlessness, Gene Expression Profiling, Organic Chemistry, hindlimb unloading, bedrest, Differential regulation, Space Flight, biology.organism_classification, microgravity, Life stage, Bedrest, Microgravity, Neuroscience
Abstract

25 p.-3 fig.-5 tab., Bioinformatics approaches have proven useful in understanding biological responses to spaceflight. Spaceflight experiments remain resource intensive and rare. One outstanding issue is how to maximize scientific output from a limited number of omics datasets from traditional animal models including nematodes, fruitfly, and rodents. The utility of omics data from invertebrate models in anticipating mammalian responses to spaceflight has not been fully explored. Hence, we performed comparative analyses of transcriptomes of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in mice that underwent 37 days of spaceflight. Results indicate shared stress responses and altered circadian rhythm. EDL showed more robust growth signals and Pde2a downregulation, possibly underlying its resistance to atrophy versus soleus. Spaceflight and hindlimb unloading mice shared differential regulation of proliferation, circadian, and neuronal signaling. Shared gene regulation in muscles of humans on bedrest and space flown rodents suggest targets for mitigating muscle atrophy in space and on Earth. Spaceflight responses of C. elegans were more similar to EDL. Discrete life stages of D. melanogaster have distinct utility in anticipating EDL and soleus responses. In summary, spaceflight leads to shared and discrete molecular responses between muscle types and invertebrate models may augment mechanistic knowledge gained from rodent spaceflight and ground-based studies., T.C. was supported by the NI Department for the Economy (DfE) Research Studentship. H.C. is supported by the Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training at the University of Nottingham (UKRI grant no. EP/S023305/1). R.H. is supported by the Spanish Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico Grant RTI2018-099309-B-I00. S.S.R. is supported by the NASA Ames Space Biology Program

Published
2021
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8. A New Era for Space Life Science: International Standards for Space Omics Processing

Author

Jonathan M. Galazka, Sylvain V. Costes, Stefan J. Green, Richard Barker, Lindsay Rutter, Henry Cope, Deanne Taylor, Kathleen M. Fisch, Raúl Herranz, Stefania Giacomello, Daniela Bezdan, Samrawit G. Gebre, Christopher E. Mason, Mariano I. Gabitto, Lovorka Degoricija, Masafumi Muratani, Sigrid Reinsch, Simon Gilroy, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Nottingham, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Philadelphia, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), Rutter, Lindsay, Bezdan, Daniela, Cope, Henry, Gabitto, Mariano, Gebre, Samrawit, Giacomello, Stefania, Gilroy, Simon, Green, Stefan J., Mason, Christopher E., Reinsch, Sigrid, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Galazka, Jonathan M., Herranz, Raúl, Muratani, Masafumi, Rutter, Lindsay [0000-0003-2123-3949], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Gabitto, Mariano [0000-0001-6911-344X], Gebre, Samrawit [0000-0002-8963-4856], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Gilroy, Simon [0000-0001-9597-6839], Green, Stefan J. [0000-0003-2781-359X], Mason, Christopher E. [0000-0002-1850-1642], Reinsch, Sigrid [0000-0002-6484-7521], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Galazka, Jonathan M. [0000-0002-4153-0249], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], and Muratani, Masafumi [0000-0002-0276-8000]

Subjects
Metadata, Twins study, Standardization, Omics, General Decision Sciences, Space (commercial competition), GeneLab, Data science, ESA, Space exploration, Perspective, ISSOP, NASA, JAXA, Space biology, Space environment
Abstract

10 p.-2 fig., Space agencies have announced plans for human missions to the Moon to prepare for Mars. However, the space environment presents stressors that include radiation, microgravity, and isolation. Understanding how these factors affect biology is crucial for safe and effective crewed space exploration. There is a need to develop countermeasures, to adapt plants and microbes for nutrient sources and bioregenerative life support, and to limit pathogen infection. Scientists across the world are conducting space omics experiments on model organisms and, more recently, on humans. Optimal extraction of actionable scientific discoveries from these precious datasets will only occur at the collective level with improved standardization. To address this shortcoming, we established ISSOP (International Standards for Space Omics Processing), an international consortium of scientists who aim to enhance standard guidelines between space biologists at a global level. Here we introduce our consortium and share past lessons learned and future challenges related to spaceflight omics., European (D.B., H.C., N.J.S., R.H., and S. Giacomello) contribution is supported by ESA Topical Team “Space Omics: Towards an integrated ESA/NASA –omics database for spaceflight and ground facilities experiments” grant 4000131202/20/NL/PG/pt to R.H. S. Giacomello is supported by Formas grant 2017-01066_3. H.C. is supported by the Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training at the University of Nottingham (UKRI grant no. EP/S023305/1) and by the NASA GeneLab Animal Analysis Working Group. N.J.S. is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX15AL16G). NASA GeneLab members (J.M.G., S.V.C., S.S.R., L.D., S. Gebre) are supported by the NASA Space Biology program within the NASA Science Mission Directorate's (SMD) Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) Division. R.B. and S. Gilroy are supported by NASA (80NSSC19K0132). L.R. and M.M. represent the Omics Subgroup of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI funding group Living in Space and are supported by JP15K21745, JP15H05940, and JP20H03234. L.R. is supported by JSPS postdoctoral fellowship P20382. D.T. is supported by the Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute. K.F. is supported by the UC San Diego Department of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, grant UL1TR001442 of CTSA (Clinical and Translational Science Awards). C.E.M. is funded from the WorldQuant Foundation, The Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance, and the National Institutes of Health (R01MH117406).

Published
2020

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