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1. Models of Teaching and Learning in the Operating Theatre

Author

Cope, Alexandra, Bezemer, Jeff, Sutkin, Gary, Gijselaers, Wim H., Series Editor, Wilkerson, L.A., Associate Editor, Boshuizen, H.P.A, Associate Editor, Anderson, Eugene L., Editorial Board Member, Gruber, Hans, Editorial Board Member, Milter, Rick, Editorial Board Member, Park, Eun Mi, Editorial Board Member, Nestel, Debra, editor, Dalrymple, Kirsten, editor, Paige, John T., editor, and Aggarwal, Rajesh, editor

Published
2019
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3. Using saliva epigenetic data to develop and validate a multivariable predictor of esophageal cancer status

Author

Stone, Timothy C, primary, Ward, Vanessa, additional, Hogan, Aine, additional, Alexander Ho, Kai Man, additional, Wilson, Ash, additional, McBain, Hazel, additional, Duku, Margaret, additional, Wolfson, Paul, additional, Cheung, Sharon, additional, Rosenfeld, Avi, additional, Lovat, Laurence B, additional, Shetty, Sharanabasappa, additional, Forsey, Stacey, additional, Matthews, Julie, additional, Phillips, Rosemary, additional, White, Tracey, additional, White, Nikki, additional, Mainie, Inder, additional, Hall, Philip, additional, Graham, Helen, additional, Gregg, Fiona, additional, Sinha, Leena, additional, Butawen, Rommel, additional, McGregor, Annemarie, additional, Dhar, Anjan, additional, Brown, Ellen, additional, Wadd, Susan, additional, Lipman, Gideon, additional, Jackson, Sandra, additional, Ayub, Ameena, additional, Adu-Anti, Olivia, additional, Willert, Robert, additional, Lee, Huiyann, additional, Mendonca, Cheryl, additional, Soren, Jennifer, additional, Woodrow, Susannah, additional, Veeramootoo, Darmarah, additional, Foster, Tracy, additional, de Caestecker, John, additional, Kadri, Sudarshan, additional, Watchorn, Olivia, additional, Clarke, Ellie, additional, Morris, Danielle, additional, Ebon, Martin, additional, Collins, Clare, additional, Dunn, Jason M, additional, Zeki, Sebatian, additional, Cordle, Jessica, additional, Rusu, Radu, additional, Li, Andy, additional, Basford, Peter, additional, Thirlwall, Yvette, additional, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Kader, Nicole, additional, Barnes, Nicky, additional, Rocha, Joana Da, additional, Keld, Richard, additional, Ratcliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Paterson, Philip J, additional, Alexandropoulou, Kalliopi, additional, Gallagher, Edith, additional, Matthews, Laura, additional, Butterworth, Jeffrey, additional, Donaldson, Denise, additional, Button, Heather, additional, Patel, Vinod K, additional, Solkar, Mamoon, additional, Savill, Heather, additional, Vere, Joanne, additional, Wegstapel, Hendrik, additional, Lawrence, Tessa, additional, and Milverton, Peter, additional

Published
2024
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4. The pedagogy of the operating theatre

Author

Cope, Alexandra Clare, Kneebone, Roger, and Hanna, George B.

Subjects
610
Abstract

This thesis outlines the findings of a large body of research work undertaken during 3 years of full-time study. The findings have already provided the author with helpful anchors for structuring formative feedback to surgical trainees within a simulation program, as well as helpful insights into her own learning. This thesis explores the operating theatre as a teaching and learning environment for postgraduate surgical trainees. The work crosses paradigms and uses contrasting methodologies to provide rich insights into surgical pedagogic practice. The first chapter is an introduction to the subject material, outlining the thesis aims and research questions, making clear why the research is important. The perspectives of the researcher are explained, in the first person, to make explicit her background and epistemological stance. The next chapter presents a narrative review of the literature, providing a background to the subject and a theoretical framework. Chapters three to six constitute empirical work. The third and fourth chapters use a grounded theory method to explore surgeons’ perceptions of the content and process of learning in the operating theatre. Chapter five uses case study methodology to illustrate teaching and learning in the operating theatre with concrete examples of pedagogic practice. The sixth chapter is a quasi-experimental study of learning which makes comparison between different pedagogic styles. The final chapter of the thesis draws together the findings from the empirical investigations. The personal development of the researcher is discussed in the first person and the body of research work is critically examined in view of its contribution to the field and its implications for future educational innovation.

Published
2013
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9. Development and validation of a multivariable risk factor questionnaire to detect oesophageal cancer in 2-week wait patients

Author

Ho, Kai Man Alexander, primary, Rosenfeld, Avi, additional, Hogan, Áine, additional, McBain, Hazel, additional, Duku, Margaret, additional, Wolfson, Paul BD, additional, Wilson, Ashley, additional, Cheung, Sharon MY, additional, Hennelly, Laura, additional, Macabodbod, Lester, additional, Graham, David G, additional, Sehgal, Vinay, additional, Banerjee, Amitava, additional, Lovat, Laurence B, additional, Adu-Anti, Olivia, additional, Alexandropoulou, Kalliopi, additional, Ayub, Ameena, additional, Barnes, Nicky, additional, Basford, Peter, additional, Brown, Ellen, additional, Butterworth, Jeffrey, additional, Button, Heather, additional, Clarke, Ellie, additional, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Cordle, Jessica, additional, Da Rocha, Joana, additional, DeCaestecker, John, additional, Dhar, Anjan, additional, Dunn, Jason, additional, Ebon, Martin, additional, Forsey, Stacey, additional, Foster, Tracy, additional, Gallagher, Edith, additional, Graham, Helen, additional, Gregg, Fiona, additional, Hall, Philip, additional, Jackson, Sandra, additional, Kader, Nicole, additional, Kadri, Sudarshan, additional, Kalsi, Sandhya, additional, Keld, Richard, additional, Lee, Chun, additional, Lee, Hui Yann, additional, Li, Andy CY, additional, Lipman, Gideon, additional, Mainie, Inder, additional, Matthews, Julie, additional, Mendonca, Cheryl, additional, Morris, Danielle, additional, Patel, Vinod, additional, Paterson, Philip, additional, Phillips, Rosemary, additional, Ratcliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Rees, Cait, additional, Rusu, Radu, additional, Savill, Heather, additional, Shetty, Sharan, additional, Sinha, Leena, additional, Soin, Bob, additional, Solkar, Mamoon, additional, Veeramootoo, Darmarajah, additional, Vere, Joanne, additional, Watchorn, Olivia, additional, Wegstapel, Hendrik, additional, White, Tracey, additional, Willert, Robert, additional, Woodrow, Susannah, additional, and Zeki, Sebastian, additional

Published
2023
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14. ENDGAMES

Author

Sedgwick, Philip, Kulkarni, Kunal, Lakhani, Neeta, Cope, Alexandra, McGrath, Daniel, and Papadakos, Nikolaos

Published
2013

19. Eliciting Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations: Experiences from a realist evaluation investigating the impact of robotic surgery on teamwork in the operating theatre

Author

Alvarado, Natasha, primary, Honey, Stephanie, additional, Greenhalgh, Joanne, additional, Pearman, Alan, additional, Dowding, Dawn, additional, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Long, Andrew, additional, Jayne, David, additional, Gill, Arron, additional, Kotze, Alwyn, additional, and Randell, Rebecca, additional

Published
2017
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20. A realist process evaluation of robot-assisted surgery: integration into routine practice and impacts on communication, collaboration and decision-making

Author

Randell, Rebecca, primary, Honey, Stephanie, additional, Hindmarsh, Jon, additional, Alvarado, Natasha, additional, Greenhalgh, Joanne, additional, Pearman, Alan, additional, Long, Andrew, additional, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Gill, Arron, additional, Gardner, Peter, additional, Kotze, Alwyn, additional, Wilkinson, David, additional, Jayne, David, additional, Croft, Julie, additional, and Dowding, Dawn, additional

Published
2017
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23. The colorectal surgeon's personality may influence the rectal anastomotic decision.

Author

Abbott, Sarah, Adedeji, Olufunso, Anderson, Robert, Armstrong, Aidan, Arnott, Bob, Arthur, Laura M., Bharathan, Bala, Campbell, Ken, Chapman, Mark, Chaudhri, Sanjay, Cook, Tim, Cope, Alexandra, Davies, Justin, Dworkin, Michael, Dawson, Peter, Durai, Rajaraman, El‐Masry, Sherif, Harikrishnan, Arthur, Hawkin, Paul, and Helley, Michael

Subjects
COLON diseases, RECTAL diseases, SURGEONS, PERSONALITY, SURGICAL anastomosis, DECISION making
Abstract

Aim: Colorectal surgeons regularly make the decision to anastomose, defunction or form an end colostomy when performing rectal surgery. This study aimed to define personality traits of colorectal surgeons and explore any influence of such traits on the decision to perform a rectal anastomosis. Method: Fifty attendees of The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 Conference participated. After written consent, all underwent personality testing: alexithymia (inability to understand emotions), type of thinking process (intuitive versus rational) and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, emotional stability, conscientiousness). Questions were answered regarding anastomotic decisions in various clinical scenarios and results analysed to reveal any influence of the surgeon's personality on anastomotic decision. Results: Participants were: male (86%), consultants (84%) and based in England (68%). Alexithymia was low (4%) with 81% displaying intuitive thinking (reflex, fast). Participants scored higher in emotional stability (ability to remain calm) and conscientiousness (organized, methodical) compared with population norms. Personality traits influenced the next anastomotic decision if: surgeons had recently received criticism at a departmental audit meeting; were operating with an anaesthetist that was not their regular one; or there had been no anastomotic leaks in their patients for over 1 year. Conclusion: Colorectal surgeons have speciality relevant personalities that potentially influence the important decision to anastomose and could explain the variation in surgical practice across the UK. Future work should explore these findings in other countries and any link of personality traits to patient‐related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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27. Spontaneous splenic rupture as initial presentation of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.

Author

Agarwal, Gaurav, Moule, Simon, Cope, Alexandra, Maudgil, David, and Willan, John

Subjects
SPLENIC rupture, DIFFUSE large B-cell lymphomas
Abstract

GLO:1XW/01jan23:bjh18471-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl A 68-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with collapse, on a background of 4 months of intermittent headaches, weight loss and anorexia. Blood cultures were negative, and a full viral screen including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was unremarkable. The patient was treated with combination immunochemotherapy targeting both systemic and CNS disease, with a plan for consideration of autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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28. Holding the Scalpel

Author

Bezemer, Jeff, primary, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Kress, Gunther, additional, and Kneebone, Roger, additional

Published
2013
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29. Surgical decision making in a teaching hospital: a linguistic analysis.

Author

Bezemer, Jeff, Murtagh, Ged, Cope, Alexandra, and Kneebone, Roger

Subjects
CHOLECYSTECTOMY, MEDICAL decision making, LAPAROSCOPIC surgery, TEACHING hospitals, LINGUISTIC analysis, AUDIOVISUAL materials
Abstract

Background The aim of the study was to gain insight in the involvement of non-operating surgeons in intraoperative surgical decision making at a teaching hospital. The decision to proceed to clip and cut the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy was investigated through direct observation of team work. Method Eleven laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed by consultant surgeons and specialty trainees at a London teaching hospital were audio and video recorded. Talk among the surgical team was transcribed and subjected to linguistic analysis, in conjunction with observational analysis of the video material, sequentially marking the unfolding operation. Results Two components of decision making were identified, participation and rationalization. Participation refers to the degree to which agreement was sought within the surgical team prior to clipping the cystic duct. Rationalization refers to the degree to which the evidential grounds for clipping and cutting were verbalized. Conclusion The decision to clip and cut the cystic duct was jointly made by members of the surgical team, rather than a solitary surgeon in the majority of cases, involving verbal explication of clinical reasoning and verbal agreement. The extent of joint decision making appears to have been mitigated by two factors: trainee's level of training and duration of the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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30. “Blowing up the Barriers” in Surgical Training

Author

Kassab, Eva, primary, Tun, Jimmy Kyaw, additional, Arora, Sonal, additional, King, Dominic, additional, Ahmed, Kamran, additional, Miskovic, Danilo, additional, Cope, Alexandra, additional, Vadhwana, Bhamini, additional, Bello, Fernando, additional, Sevdalis, Nick, additional, and Kneebone, Roger, additional

Published
2011
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32. Holding the Scalpel: Achieving Surgical Care in a Learning Environment.

Author

Bezemer, Jeff, Cope, Alexandra, Kress, Gunther, and Kneebone, Roger

Subjects
*SURGICAL education, *PATIENT safety, *OPERATING rooms, *HOSPITALS, *MEDICAL students, *EMPIRICAL research
Abstract

In this article, we show what surgical training looks like in situ. Drawing on fieldwork in a London hospital, we explore how a trainer and trainee jointly achieve surgical care when the trainee holds the scalpel. We make this common pedagogic arrangement visible through transcription and analysis of audio- and video-recorded interaction in the operating theater. Through moment-by-moment analysis of the temporal unfolding of action and speech, we show that the actions performed by the trainee with the scalpel serve as mini-gestures, signaling to the trainer where and when the trainee is going to cut. The trainer “reads” these gestures and prompts the trainee to continue or change his course of action through spoken utterances. We use our ethnographic account as a detailed empirical point of reference for reflecting on the challenges and possibilities of surgical education and patient safety in the operating theater. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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