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The article is dedicated to the investigation of theoretical and legal foundations of gender equality in legislation on agricultural cooperation. Gender equality is one of the sustainable development goals. In today's conditions in agriculture, which is one of the leading spheres of the Ukrainian economy, including the sphere of agricultural cooperation, there is a significant gender gap between women and men, women, who live in rural areas, face a number of problems and various forms of discrimination, that is unacceptable. The article considers the historical retrospective of the women's participation in cooperative movement through the prism of the ICA activities. It is determined that within the framework of European integration, the comprehensive promotion of gender equality in the cooperative sector of the economy of Ukraine should become one of the key factors of the national cooperative movement. In the article the author's periodization of the development of agricultural cooperation in independent Ukraine in the context of its legislative support, which is divided into six periods, is formed. It has been established that different periods of development of agricultural cooperation in independent Ukraine, in particular in the context of legislative support, are characterized by insufficient attention to gender equality between women and men in agricultural cooperatives. It has been concluded that the legislation of Ukraine on agricultural cooperation remains incompletely gender-oriented and gender-sensitive, since it still does not contain a separate principle of gender equality in cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, the consolidation of which is extremely important to emphasize the significance and priority of the ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men in the cooperative sector of the Ukrainian economy. The article emphasizes the need to supplement legislation on agricultural cooperation with the separate principle of gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia contributed significantly to the sustainable of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) supply chain. On the other hand, sustainability in the process of implementing the supply chain system for independent smallholders is an issue that is extremely important for the success of the supply chain system for the CPO company. This study's objective is to develop an alternative business model with the goal of strengthening the interaction that already exists between independent farmers and cooperatives in ensuring the existence of a supply chain for raw materials and having access to financial resources, knowledge, and technology. The selection of the research location considered several factors, including the size of the area's oil palm plantations, the number of oil palm farmers who are self-sufficient, and the possibility of locating CPO plant. Study findings that, the new model by business canvas analysis as the upgraded model of existing model business recommended that it should be built based on the cooperative palm oil family which provides farmers with access to financial, replanting, intensification, and extensification and infrastructure by APKASINDO, BPDPKS, Bank, and other stakeholders to sustain the FFB supply chain in cooperation through a partnership program in a long-term scheme. This whole system was developed by corporate farming system based on the cooperative as the off taker of FFB farmers and develop mini plant CPO to produce cooking oil and biofuels and by product as the waste management system as the value added for farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the dynamics of non-autonomous cooperative systems of difference equations with asymptotically constant coefficients. We are mainly interested in global attractivity results for such systems and the application of such results to evolutionary population cooperation models. We use two methods to extend the global attractivity results for autonomous cooperative systems to related non-autonomous cooperative systems which appear in recent problems in evolutionary dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to understand the social cooperative model's empowerment and social cohesion impacts based on the case of a cooperative with the partnership of local and refugee women in southern Türkiye to give evidence for the potential and challenges of women cooperatives. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted surveys and focus group interviews with both members and board members. The authors grounded the findings in dimensions extracted from literature on the impact of cooperatives on their members and the wider community. Findings: The social cooperative economically empowers women through employment and income generation, and skill training while enhancing them socially with increased decision-making power, autonomy, self-esteem and respect. It fosters social cohesion between local and refugee members by building trust and peace, solidarity, knowledge sharing and collective action. However, the cooperative faces challenges in managing sustainable business models, and cooperative membership does not ensure a steady income, social security, economic independence or a fairer division of domestic work. Research limitations/implications: The challenges and limited outcomes of social cooperatives are primarily due to resource scarcity. Hence, these needs must be considered by policymakers and sponsors of women empowerment programmes so that they can offer response actions to empower social women cooperatives. During the research period, the COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant threat to the survival of the cooperative. Moreover, the restrictions imposed by the pandemic made it impossible to engage Syrian women in focus group discussions. Consequently, the focus group interactions were limited to two Palestinian members, while Syrian members were included in survey interviews. Originality/value: This study is one of the few attempts to examine the social cooperative model's impact on women's empowerment and social cohesion in the context of a mixed membership of local and refugee women in Türkiye. Fieldwork evidence on cooperatives that improve gender equality and inclusive growth can contribute to the advocacy of support for women's cooperatives in the context of refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing data from the recordings of natural conversations and meta-pragmatic comments, and combining the neo-Brown and Levinson approach and the relational work framework, this paper explored how Saudi female friends manage friendly informal settings and hospitality despite culture-specific politeness expectations. The analysis focused on just one of the discursive strategies in which the direction of displaying hospitality is turned around, i.e. displayed by the guests rather than the host(ess). This strategy constituted a noticeable behaviour among the 13 close friends observed in this study. Cooperative conjoint hospitality was particularly useful for maintaining and enhancing rapport, in-group membership, and solidarity among the friends and minimising hospitality obligations of the hostess. The analysis demonstrated how such behaviour was consistent with the politeness norms negotiated in the close friends' community of practice (CofP) but differed from the politeness norms in the wider culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cooperative learning provides an opportunity for the development and improvement of social skills by emphasizing the importance of social interaction in fostering both academic and social intelligence. This study examined the application of cooperative learning in teaching traditional Chinese culture at Chinese universities using a mixed methods approach. Methods: This study adopted a mixed methods approach inclusive quantitative phase involved a true experimental design with pre- and post-tests with control group. The study focused on Chinese university students, and a cluster sampling approach was utilized to select 60 participants. Quantitative assessments were conducted using performance tests, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) by Paul Pintrich, and the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) by Riggio, while qualitative insights were gathered through post-experiment interviews with 10 participants. The qualitative data in this study were collated and analyzed using NVivo, integrating interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, and more. Quantitative data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Mixed analysis revealed that main effect of time in performance score was found to be statistically significant [F(1) = 19.25, P < 0.001]. This indicates a significant change in scores from the pre-test to the post-test across both groups. Additionally, the main effect of the group was also found to be significant [F(1) = 5.81, P = 0.019], suggesting a notable difference in scores between the control and experimental groups. Regarding motivation, it is evident that the main effect of time had a significant impact [F(1) = 59.60, P < 0.001], signifying a substantial change in motivation levels from pre-test to post-test across both groups. In social skills, it is evident that the main effect of time had a significant impact [F(1) = 25.67, P < 0.001], indicating a considerable change in skill levels from pre-test to post-test across both groups. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of cooperative learning to mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning and enhance their independent learning ability, cooperative participation, and competitive consciousness, thus effectively improving the teaching quality of Chinese traditional culture in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alphonse Desjardins, a devout Quebecois Catholic, established North America's first cooperative bank in 1900. The first English-language attempt to grapple with Desjardins' faith, this article is an important addition to the many new studies of North American Christians and economics in Desjardins' period, nearly all of which focus on Protestants. More particularly, it contributes to this historical conversation through conceptual models drawn from anthropologies of religion related to sacrifice, credibility, and monetary circulation. Ultimately, this case study prompts us to ask anew: how do people of faith shape, and redefine, capitalist structures? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agricultural cooperatives in Iran have always been influential in local and regional development. Despite the formation of agricultural cooperatives with different issues in the country, the mentioned cooperatives are facing many problems. Examining the problems of agricultural cooperatives will be effective in solving their problems and providing practical suggestions. The purpose of this research was to summarize the problems of agricultural cooperatives in Iran. The qualitative meta-synthesis method was employed to conduct this study. All articles published in reliable scientific databases from 2001 to 2023 in English and Farsi regarding agricultural cooperatives in Iran were qualitatively analyzed. Ultimately, 17 articles were chosen, with 6 articles in English and 11 articles in Persian. The results of the research showed that a group of problems are external and general that may be faced by other organizations and commercial companies. These problems include specialized activities, human resources, economic and financial issues, and management problems of cooperatives. Another category of agricultural cooperative issues pertains to internal issues that are associated with the specific structure of cooperatives. Consequently, there is a significant disparity between the current state of official agricultural cooperatives in Iran and the established structure, principles, and goals. Agricultural cooperatives are an imported phenomenon that were not formed along the lines of traditional cooperatives and based on the needs of members. Considering the importance and necessity of adapting the structure of agricultural cooperatives to the native and local conditions of the rural and agricultural society of Iran, it is suggested to revise the structure and laws related to cooperatives to solve the problems of agricultural cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In sub‐Saharan Africa, there are growing calls for policy reforms to revive the farmer cooperative movement. However, questions remain over whether farmer participation in agricultural cooperatives brings the desired innovation for markets and commercialization. This study uses a sample of 206 farmers from northern Uganda to examine what drives farmer participation and commercialization among members of groundnut producer cooperatives. Results from a two‐stage Heckman regression reveal that cooperative functioning in the form of hiring equipment to farmers, value addition, farmer training, and product quality assessment drives farmer participation in cooperative business. The study also shows that equity strategies, notably through subscription fees and farm‐inputs supply negatively impact commercialization among cooperative participant farmers. This study deepens the literature on cooperatives pinpointing the role of cooperative services in farmer participation and how stringent equity strategies reduce farmer commercialization among cooperative participants. We call for policy interventions that prioritize capacity building of producer cooperatives for improved functioning and better provision of services. This approach will enable these cooperatives to be effectively harnessed for market innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH) is the property of Green Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout his 1885 speaking tour across the South, Terence Powderly both respected and challenged the region’s color line. Dedicated to growing the Knights of Labor (KOL) membership in the rapidly industrializing South, Powderly asked white and black workers to recognize their common cause in protesting their new wage slavery. Recognizing that the KOL’s vision of a cooperative commonwealth depended on a racially unified and enlarged union membership, Powderly pushed the notion of worker equality while respecting the South’s views of social inequality. His variegated approach to racial relations at speaking engagements across seven southern states over a four-week period reflected both a pragmatic approach to growing union membership and a moral courage in pressing against the south’s racial boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role of feminist ideologies in enabling entrepreneurship among disadvantaged women in societies entrenched in structures of patriarchy. The study draws on evidence from Lijjat, a women's cooperative in India. Through careful consideration of the context and relations in which marginalized women were able to initiate, develop, and successfully grow a business, results draw two key conclusions. First, pragmatist feminist ideologies are particularly supportive of women's economic activities in a patriarchal context. Second, ideological influences on women's entrepreneurship exist both at the individual level (motivation) and at the collective level (organizational practices). Studying the intersection of these tiers enables a better understanding of how women's entrepreneurship at the grassroots level can be supported in male-dominated cultures. HIGHLIGHTS Patriarchal norms limit disadvantaged women's entrepreneurial opportunities in India. Lijjat, a women's cooperative, provides insight into the role of feminist ideologies in empowering women. Pragmatist feminist ideologies encourage women to challenge traditional norms through entrepreneurship. These ideologies shape both individual motivations and collective organizational practices at Lijjat. Supporting women's cooperatives can improve women's economic participation and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how and by what means an emergent health commons is (re)produced in practice. Drawing on recent studies that consider the materiality of citizens' struggles over the commons, it adopts a more-than-human approach to commoning. Employing ethnographic research on a communal healthcare cooperative in a region of the Netherlands that faces depopulation and institutional failure, I argue that the durability of an emergent health commons is a continuous and contested achievement involving infrastructuring. To articulate the ongoing infrastructural work needed to create and maintain the commons, I employ insights from Maintenance and Repair Studies that explore maintenance as a practice of material care. By exploring the care for infrastructure ethnographically, I specify which aspects of the community healthcare practice, precisely, are maintained in common, and for whom. My analysis reveals that commoning 'opens up' new ways of organizing health and existing in common, but may not always sustain radical openness when the social arrangements of the commons transform into steel and bricks. The maintainability of health in common, I suggest, hinges as much on nurturing 'social' bonds as on how such bonds are variously infrastructured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperatives are social economy societies that give priority to the interests of the members and/or the social purpose over capital. This relevance follows the Principles of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). This study focuses mainly on the cooperative principle of democratic and participatory management in the cooperative and the principle of equality. The cooperative principle of equality implies the absence of inequality or discrimination, among other aspects, due to gender. Therefore, regardless of gender, the member of the cooperative is entitled to participate in the cooperative activity and also in the organizational structure by being part of the social bodies that manage and administer the cooperative. One of the main purposes of the current proposal for the reform of the law that promotes the social economy (Draft Comprehensive Law) is to adapt the national text to the new economic and social requirements. Consequently, the regulatory proposal promotes the cooperative principle of equality through the effectiveness of equality between men and women and, in particular, in the management of the cooperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on archival materials, legislative acts, and studies of contemporaries, the article attempts to highlight the role of legal regulation in the formation and development of the cooperative movement in the region. The study helps to better understand the complex interaction between political authorities and public initiatives in the context of socio-economic transformations of the interwar period in Eastern Galicia. The problem of legal regulation of the activities of cooperative societies in Eastern Galicia in the early twentieth century, in particular in the interwar period, is relevant and important for understanding the socio-economic processes of that time. A study of this issue will allow us to better understand the role and impact of the cooperative movement on the development of economic sectors and the lives of the local population. This article examines the legal environment in which cooperative societies operated in Eastern Galicia in the interwar period. The article analyses the legal acts regulating the status, rights and obligations of cooperative organisations and assesses their effectiveness and impact on the development of the cooperative movement (the Trade Law, the Law on Companies, the Ministry of Internal Affairs’ Order). However, the legal regulation of the activities of cooperative societies during this period remains poorly understood, especially in terms of their impact on community development and economic well-being of the region. The development of the Ukrainian cooperative movement in the nineteenth century coincided with the beginning of the capitalist industrialisation of Ukrainian lands. The Austrian government took this movement seriously, which was reflected in a large number of legislative initiatives of the Austrian Reichsrat. The government adopted various legal acts aimed at regulating the activities of voluntary associations, organisations and societies. Coverage of this topic will help to understand the mechanisms of functioning of cooperatives in the fields of production, trade and services, as well as their interaction with government agencies and other sectors of the economy. Further research on this topic could serve as a basis for developing recommendations for improving the legal environment for the development of the cooperative sector in modern Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Despite average‐sized U.S. families having more than one child, coparenting in families with two children is understudied. Objective: The main aim of this exploratory study was to provide the first steps toward investigating the construct of divide‐and‐conquer coparenting, a coparenting strategy that emerges in families consisting of two parents and two children in which each parent focuses their attention on one child at a time. Specifically, the aim of the study was to provide preliminary evidence for the validity of a new observational rating scale to assess divide‐and‐conquer coparenting and to examine its relation to coparenting quality. Method: Observations of whole‐family interactions (N = 52 families) were coded for overall use of divide‐and‐conquer coparenting, each parents' involvement with each child, and quality of coparenting (i.e., cooperative and competitive). Parents were also asked to write responses to an open‐ended question concerning how their coparenting had changed since having a second child. Results: Divide‐and‐conquer coparenting was positively associated with parent involvement patterns in which each parent mainly focuses on one child at a time, with parents' endorsement of use of divide‐and‐conquer coparenting in the open‐ended question, and with cooperative coparenting. It was negatively associated with competitive coparenting. Conclusions: Results provide support for the existence of a divide‐and‐conquer coparenting strategy in families with two young children and preliminary validation of our divide‐and‐conquer coparenting rating scale, as well as suggesting that this strategy is related to high‐quality coparenting. Implications: Implications for family intervention and future empirical work in this area are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to understand the social capital inherent in agents and the role of social and economic trust in transactions between beef cattle producers and slaughtering cooperatives in the specialty beef production system in Paraná state, Brazil. This qualitative research involved 31 semi-structured interviews with beef cattle producers, cooperatives, and key agents. Results revealed that social capital, comprising networks and informal norms, favors the condition of trust, enabling the construction of a hybrid governance structure under a complex institutional environment. Social and economic trust between agents facilitates transactions, reduces behavioral and market uncertainties, enables ex-post adaptations, and consequently, reduces monitoring costs and transaction costs. Trust based on social aspects, i.e., social trust, was more relevant for the construction of arrangements, while trust based on economic aspects, i.e., economic trust, had a greater impact on the continuity of arrangements. This reveals that looking at only one of them is not enough to understand contractual arrangements. Thus, this study highlights that unfolding the concept of trust and investigating whether it comes from an economic or social basis is important to understand the complexity of such arrangements, which may influence specialty beef production system design and coordination efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Route Educational & Social Science Journal (Ress Journal) is the property of Ress Academy Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Carta Económica Regional is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionProvision of agricultural productive services to farmers is crucial for integrating them into the modern agricultural system. However, small-scale farmers often face difficulties in accessing these services. One internationally recognized approach to addressing this issue is the government-led provision of productive services to small-scale farmers. In China, production services are provided through village collectives, which are economic organizations established in townships and villages to manage collective assets, develop resources and economy, and provide services to members. Farmer participation in these services can enhance inclusive service dynamics, improving access to services and promoting rural equity.MethodsFarmers’ subjective evaluations directly reflect their access to collective agricultural productive services. This study utilized a binary logit model to analyze the impact and mechanism of farmer participation in cooperatives on the collective supply of agricultural productive services. The study involved 3,900 farmers from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China.Results and discussionThis study proposes for the first time a “cooperative+collective” model for the provision of productive services. In China, safeguarding social equity is one of the important objectives of the Government, and safeguarding and supporting the interests of small-scale farmers is crucial to safeguarding social equity. Participation in cooperatives increased farmers’ access to agricultural productive services. The analysis revealed that farmers have significantly increased their level of access to agricultural production services through participation in the “cooperative+collective” model of productive services. Farmers have participation in cooperatives helped integrate and expand farmers’ demand, leading to the continuous operation and expansion of business scale, thereby enhancing the collective supply of agricultural productive services. Furthermore, those income low-income, older farmers derived more benefits from participating in cooperatives in terms of accessing these services. This study offers empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of collective agricultural services.

Despite its great fisheries biodiversity, Indonesia is not the world's largest ornamental fish exporter. To improve export competitiveness, it is also necessary to strengthen the cluster competitiveness through institutional development. Indonesia contains several ornamental fish-producing regions, and the government has designated several aquaculture farming villages, including four regions for ornamental fish farming. This research aims to build a sustainable institutional model of an ornamental fish farming export village (OFFEV) that is expected to increase Indonesia's ornamental fish exports. The study utilized the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology. This approach aims to ascertain the hierarchical prioritization of stakeholders and the requisite programme stages for achieving the success of the OFFEV initiative. Through identification, judgment, and validation from 18 experts who participated in the study, the results reveal that the fisheries department, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, trade attachés, customs, and research institutions can drive the OFFEV. Short-term programmes are the main priorities, including sustainable cultivation and quarantine assistance, cooperative establishment, facilities and infrastructure support, broodstock aid, funding, product marketing training, and partnership programmes. Finally, based on the ISM results and expert opinion, we built an OFFEV model centred on export-oriented Village-Owned Enterprises or multi-party cooperatives.

Stochastic configuration network (SCN) is a powerful prediction model whose performance is significantly influenced by the configuration of the network parameters. To improve the prediction accuracy of the network, a cooperative stochastic configuration network (CSCN) based on a novel differential evolutionary sparrow search algorithm (DESSA), termed as DESSA-CSCN, is proposed. In the CSCN, the number of hidden layer nodes is adaptively adjusted according to the number of iterations, and the parameters of hidden nodes are cooperatively optimized by using a population-based metaheuristic algorithm. A sparse matrix is introduced to mitigate parameter overfitting caused by the increased number of hidden layer nodes. During parameter optimization, the fitness function is constructed by using the supervision mechanism of the SCN, and the DESSA is utilized as the metaheuristic algorithm to update the weights and biases. In order to verify the effectiveness of the DESSA-CSCN, several simulation experiments have been conducted. The performance of the DESSA is evaluated by the CEC2017 test suit, and the simulation results show that the DESSA exhibits better convergence accuracy and can jump out of local optima more effectively than other algorithms. The performance of the DESSA-CSCN is evaluated by 4 datasets from KEEL, and the simulation results indicate that the DESSA-CSCN achieves better prediction accuracy and faster prediction speed than other models.

The digital economy presents significant opportunities for cooperatives to improve their governance and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-s) 8, which promotes decent work and inclusive economic growth. As business entities based on economic democracy, cooperatives have the potential to drive the digital economy and enhance the well-being of their members. However, cooperatives in Pasteur, West Java, face various governance challenges, including inadequate bookkeeping, member arrears on savings and loans, and low digital literacy. These hinder the performance and development of the cooperatives. A series of training programs on cooperative governance and human resource management were designed to address these challenges. The program also aimed to improve the digital literacy of cooperative leaders and members and assist them in managing financial and operational aspects more transparently, accountably, and efficiently. The training program proved effective in enhancing the knowledge and skills of cooperative leaders and members in utilizing digital applications for good governance. This led to positive outcomes such as improved bookkeeping, increased savings and loan repayment rates, and more participative and transparent decision-making.

Independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia contributed significantly to the sustainable of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) supply chain. On the other hand, sustainability in the process of implementing the supply chain system for independent smallholders is an issue that is extremely important for the success of the supply chain system for the CPO company. This study’s objective is to develop an alternative business model with the goal of strengthening the interaction that already exists between independent farmers and cooperatives in ensuring the existence of a supply chain for raw materials and having access to financial resources, knowledge, and technology. The selection of the research location considered several factors, including the size of the area’s oil palm plantations, the number of oil palm farmers who are self-sufficient, and the possibility of locating CPO plant. Study findings that, the new model by business canvas analysis as the upgraded model of existing model business recommended that it should be built based on the cooperative palm oil family which provides farmers with access to financial, replanting, intensification, and extensification and infrastructure by APKASINDO, BPDPKS, Bank, and other stakeholders to sustain the FFB supply chain in cooperation through a partnership program in a long-term scheme. This whole system was developed by corporate farming system based on the cooperative as the off taker of FFB farmers and develop mini plant CPO to produce cooking oil and biofuels and by product as the waste management system as the value added for farmers.