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For the issue of carbon emission mitigation within the automotive supply chain, the cooperation between the vehicle manufacturers and the retailers has been proved to be an efficient measure to enhance emission reduction endeavors. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the cooperations between a vehicle manufacturer and multiple retailers based on the differential game method. By utilizing the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, the equilibrium strategies of the participants under two different cooperation models, i.e., the decentralized model and the Stackelberg leader–follower cooperation model, are analyzed. To be specific, in the decentralized model, each participant independently decides its strategies, whereas the manufacturer cooperates with retailers by offering subsidies in the Stackelberg leader–follower model. Unlike previous studies that solely focused on participants’ decision-making in carbon emission reduction efforts, this paper also examines the retail pricing decisions of the retailers. Additionally, carbon trading is introduced to enhance the realism of our model. Through the theoretical analysis and the numerical experiments on the carbon emission reduction efforts of manufacturers and retailers, as well as the low-carbon reputation of vehicles and the overall system profit under both models, we conclude that the cooperative Stackelberg model outperforms the decentralized model in providing benefits to both parties. Furthermore, such a cooperative approach can foster the long-term development of the automotive supply chain, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable low-carbon future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As outlined in the National Tourism Development Strategy until 2030, Croatia aims to provide higher value, innovative, sustainable, and authentic tourist experiences. There is a need to examine how the main tourism stakeholders can contribute to the transformation of traditional and commodified tourism products into premium-class offerings that add value throughout the entire value chain. It is important for premium-class hotels to take additional steps in improving their offerings to positively impact the entire destination and enhance service quality. This paper aims to: explore initiatives for promoting innovation in premium-class experiences within destinations focusing the cooperation between on hotel companies and DMOs; identify anticipated trends influencing the future of the tourism industry, and assess the future prospects of premium-class hotels in Croatia.

In this paper, we propose a size-stage-structured cooperation model which has two distinct life stages in facultative cooperator. The primary feature of this model is to consider size structure, stage structure and obligate and facultative symbiosis at the same time in a cooperation system. We use the method of characteristic to show that this new model can be reduced to a threshold delay equations (TDEs) model, which can be further transformed into a functional differential equations (FDEs) model by a simple change of variables. Such simplification allows us to apply the classical theory of FDEs and establish a set of sufficient conditions to investigate the qualitative analysis of solutions of the FDEs model, including the global existence and uniqueness, positivity and boundedness. What's more, we use the geometric criteria to get the conclusions about stability and Hopf bifurcation of positive equilibrium because the coefficients of the characteristic equation depend on the bifurcation parameter. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out as supporting evidences of our analytical results. Our results show that the presence of size structure and stage structure plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sürekli değişim ve dönüşüm geçiren bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, avantajları yanında içerisinde büyük riskleri barındırarak, güvenlik tehditlerinin yaşanmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu noktada sadece devletlerin değil aynı zamanda kurumların ve bireylerin karşı karşıya kaldığı siber saldırılar, dijital çağın kırılgan yapısına işaret etmekte ve siber güvenlik kavramına alan açmaktadır. Siber güvenlik, özellikle son yıllarda üzerinde çalışılan, politikalar ve/veya stratejiler geliştirilen, sadece teorik düzeyde değil pratik boyutta da ne gibi adımlar atılabileceğinin sorgulandığı ve daha da ileri gidilerek evrensel bir mekanizma oluşturulabilir mi? sorusuna cevap aranan popüler bir konuyu yansıtmaktadır. Siber güvenliğin sağlanması konusunun bu denli önem arz etmesi ekseninde Japonya’da dijital dünya kaynaklı tehditlere yönelik farkındalık taşımakta ve siber güvenliğe ilişkin politikalar geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Nitekim Japonya’nın bu alana ilişkin politikalarını geliştirilmesinde genel olarak her yıl milyonlarca siber saldırı yaşaması etkili olurken bu saldırıların özellikle Çin, Kuzey Kore ve Rusya kaynaklı olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu minvalden hareketle söz konusu çalışmada Japonya’nın siber güvenlik politikaları analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca, betimsel analiz yöntemiyle oluşturulan ve Japonya’nın siber güvenliğinin sağlanmasına yönelik politikalarını inceleyen bu çalışma, elde edilen çıktılar üzerine tarihsel kurumsalcılık teorisi ve iş birliği modeli ekseninde bir okuma yapmaktadır.

Copyright of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute / Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An e-commerce closed-loop supply chain game model under the subsidy policy was constructed based on different cooperation models of partial authorization, full delegation and two-way competition. The key factors for manufacturers to engage in product green innovation were explored and the impact of government subsidies and innovation cost factors on product green innovation and pricing decisions was analyzed. It was shown that manufacturers make green innovation only when government subsidies or cost savings from green innovation are large enough. Government subsidies and manufacturers’ willingness to make green innovation are the highest under the partial authorization model. In contrast, government subsidies are the lowest under the two-way competition model and manufacturers’ willingness to make green innovation is the lowest under the full delegation model. Green innovation under the subsidy policy can reduce the selling price, increase the recycling price, and significantly improve manufacturers’ profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective With the advent of new technologies and the changing behavior of customers, the global banking industry needs to take on the challenges of innovation in its processes. Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and the crisis in the economy along with changing the expectations of customers are the requirements for a substantial change in the banking system. Using digital technologies, fintech companies have offered innovative services to enhance customer satisfaction, in some cases proving more efficient than banks. The bank-fintech collaboration, which comes in various forms, relies on the capabilities of each institution and the cooperation’s benefits for each of them. Such collaboration has attracted the researchers' attention to the extent that a considerable number of papers have focused on fintechs despite its novelty. This study aims to review the existing scientific papers and their achievements regarding bank-fintech collaboration. This study focuses on the necessity, drivers and benefits, risks, obstacles, and types of bank-fintech collaboration in scientific papers. Methodology The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. For this purpose, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of 7 months. At first, after specifying the subject of study, the research question was developed in accordance with the research design. Then the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 986 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on PRISMA Statement), 41 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using the open coding method through Excel software), synthesized, and finally summarized. Findings Based on the obtained results, all the factors that affect the cooperation between banks and fintech companies can be classified into four main categories of both parties’ characteristics, relational features, collaboration requirements, and macro issues. Each category also includes a number of subcategories and codes. A total of four categories, 11 sub-categories, and 43 codes make up the factors that play a role in the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies. According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies is a complex process and must be considered a multi-dimensional concept. Conclusion Finally, a schematic Model was developed to explain how effective factors affect cooperation formation. According to the diversity of the detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation among banks and fintech companies is a multi-dimensional and complex process.

The cooperation between railway company and express delivery company in China is in its initial stage and the cooperation model is immature. This paper studied the key factors influencing the cooperation model between railway company and express delivery company based on the transaction cost perspective and analyzed the model decision among them under different circumstances through a choice model. In this paper, three factors are extracted in the end, including the specific asset, the organizational structure of railway industry and the quantity of business participants. When there is a requirement of specific assets investment, express delivery companies prefer to build the industrial alliance instead of the contract model to reduce the opportunism risk and increase the cooperation benefit. While express delivery company will adopt the quasi-integration strategy only when the savings of transaction cost or the extra benefit of this model is big enough, especially bigger than the sum of investment of transport facilities and the operating cost. When the organizational structure of railway industry is integration, the transaction cost of contract model is bigger. The equilibrium of the cooperation model between railway company and express delivery company is to adopt the industrial alliance model.

This paper studies the impact of the decrease in government subsidies on the selection of the cooperation model of vehicle manufacturers' in the new energy vehicle supply chain, and uses the mathematical modeling method to establish MA (cooperation between vehicle manufacturers and battery suppliers with better battery life), MB (cooperation between vehicle manufacturers and battery suppliers with similar battery life) MAB (vehicle manufacturer cooperates with both) and N (does not cooperate with both) four cooperation models. The results show that vehicle manufacturers and battery suppliers A and B have cooperation motives, but whether vehicle manufacturers prefer to cooperate with battery supplier A or battery supplier B is related to the decrease in subsidies. In addition, it studies the impact of the decrease in subsidies on the sales price, market demand and supply chain profit of new energy vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategic/geoeconomic/geopolitical as opposed to a short-term contextual approach to the Italy–China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) agreement identifies significant opportunities for cooperation alongside important challenges: opportunities derive from emerging interests in port interconnectivity, investment and industrial development, the digital economy, and third-party markets, while challenges are associated with uncertain economic recovery, increasing geopolitical rivalry, volatile Italian politics, and contrasting Chinese and Italian and European Union norms. Frequent short-term policy turns result, while Italy–China cooperation may presage a reorientation of the BRI in the direction of multilateral negotiation, soft cooperation and development of city-to-city networks. If not, the outcome may be a less interconnected and vibrant BRI and a more confrontational game between the European Union and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective With the advent of new technologies and the changing behavior of customers, the global banking industry needs to take on the challenges of innovation in its processes. Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and the crisis in the economy along with changing the expectations of customers are the requirements for a substantial change in the banking system. Using digital technologies, fintech companies have offered innovative services to enhance customer satisfaction, in some cases proving more efficient than banks. The bank-fintech collaboration, which comes in various forms, relies on the capabilities of each institution and the cooperation’s benefits for each of them. Such collaboration has attracted the researchers' attention to the extent that a considerable number of papers have focused on fintechs despite its novelty. This study aims to review the existing scientific papers and their achievements regarding bank-fintech collaboration. This study focuses on the necessity, drivers and benefits, risks, obstacles, and types of bank-fintech collaboration in scientific papers. Methodology The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. For this purpose, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of 7 months. At first, after specifying the subject of study, the research question was developed in accordance with the research design. Then the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 986 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on PRISMA Statement), 41 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using the open coding method through Excel software), synthesized, and finally summarized. Findings Based on the obtained results, all the factors that affect the cooperation between banks and fintech companies can be classified into four main categories of both parties’ characteristics, relational features, collaboration requirements, and macro issues. Each category also includes a number of subcategories and codes. A total of four categories, 11 sub-categories, and 43 codes make up the factors that play a role in the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies. According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies is a complex process and must be considered a multidimensional concept. Conclusion Finally, a schematic Model was developed to explain how effective factors affect cooperation formation. According to the diversity of the detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation among banks and fintech companies is a multi-dimensional and complex process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cooperation between railway company and express delivery company in China is in its initial stage and the cooperation model is immature. This paper studied the key factors influencing the cooperation model between railway company and express delivery company based on the transaction cost perspective and analyzed the model decision among them under different circumstances through a choice model. In this paper, three factors are extracted in the end, including the specific asset, the organizational structure of railway industry and the quantity of business participants. When there is a requirement of specific assets investment, express delivery companies prefer to build the industrial alliance instead of the contract model to reduce the opportunism risk and increase the cooperation benefit. While express delivery company will adopt the quasi-integration strategy only when the savings of transaction cost or the extra benefit of this model is big enough, especially bigger than the sum of investment of transport facilities and the operating cost. When the organizational structure of railway industry is integration, the transaction cost of contract model is bigger. The equilibrium of the cooperation model between railway company and express delivery company is to adopt the industrial alliance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining depth with evolutionary algorithms, a deep evolutionary algorithm, the group competition cooperation optimization (GCCO) algorithm, is proposed. Firstly, the bio-group model is introduced to simulate the natural phenomenon that groups search prey. The algorithm can easily solve the optimization problem through multi-step iteration. In bio-group model, the follower adopts a variable step size region replication method to balance the convergence speed and optimization precision. The wanderer adopts random walk mode based on feature transfor-mation to avoid local optimization. Secondly, the introduction of competition model and cooperation model increases the complexity of the algorithm, and improves the search performance of the algorithm through competition and information sharing among groups. In addition, the mathematical model of the algorithm is derived from group theory, dynamics and imperial competition theory. The convergence of the algorithm is also verified theoretically. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested through comparing it with the other three optimization algorithms on ten optimization benchmark functions. At the same time, GCCO achieves better results than other algorithms in setting up gas stations in Shanghai to improve the on-time rate.

This paper considers a tourism supply chain (TSC) composed of an online travel platform (OTP) that possesses private information about uncertain demand and a tourism service provider (TSP) that invests in value‐added service. We investigate the OTP's cooperation strategy, which consists of the cooperation model choice between the agency and the wholesale models and the demand information sharing decision. The results show that when both the commission rate and the value‐added service efficiency are relatively low or high, the OTP chooses the wholesale model and shares information only if the service efficiency is relatively high. When the service efficiency is medium, the OTP prefers the agency model and information sharing. However, when the commission rate is relatively high and the service efficiency is relatively low, as the demand signal accuracy increases, the OTP's preferred cooperation strategy switches from the agency model and information sharing to the wholesale model and no information sharing. In particular, compared with the wholesale model, the agency model may benefit the OTP less (more) even if the commission rate charged by the OTP is high (low). We also find that the OTP's optimal cooperation strategy may be inconsistent with that of the TSP and the TSC, and there exist the Pareto improvement regions of the cooperation model and information sharing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transaction fees are not simply a core source of revenue for payment service providers, but also impact significantly on the economy more broadly. This paper examines the situation in the Netherlands, where the banks in this relatively small country have historically cooperated to keep transaction costs low. With a focus on retail payments rather than the settlement of payment transactions or the payments leg of securities transactions, this paper explains the principles underlying this model of cooperation, and explores how cooperation within the payments industry has impacted the sector and country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve complex practical problems, the model of deep learning can not be limited to models such as deep neural networks. To deepen the learning model, we must actively explore various depth models. Based on this, we propose a deep evolutionary algorithm, that is group competition cooperation optimization (GCCO) algorithm. Unlike the deep learning, in the GCCO algorithm, depth is mainly reflected in multi-step iterations, feature transformation, and models are complex enough. Firstly, the bio-group model is introduced to simulate the behavior that the animals hunt for the food. Secondly, according to the rules of mutual benefit and survival of the fittest in nature, the competition model and cooperation model are introduced. Furthermore, in the individual mobility strategy, the wanderers adopt stochastic movement strategy based on feature transformation to avoid local optimization. The followers adopt the variable step size region replication method to balance the convergence speed and optimization precision. Finally, the GCCO algorithm and the other three comparison algorithms are used to test the performance of the algorithm on ten optimization functions. At the same time, in the actual problem of setting up the Shanghai gas station the to improve the timely rate, GCCO algorithm achieves better performance than the other three algorithms. Moreover, Compared to the Global Search, the GCCO algorithm takes less time to achieve similar effects to the Global Search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper explores the regional cooperation model and the differences among artificial intelligence research teams. It is helpful to reveal the status and strategies of scientific cooperation models across regions or within regions. We identified the world of artificial intelligence research teams with co-authorship network, and then identified the leading team based on the Number of Publications, Number of Citations, H-index, Weighted Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality. Based on the identified artificial intelligence research leading teams, this paper divides different types of cooperation models by region and comprehensively analyzed the three aspects of geographical distribution, cooperation indicators, and cooperation topics in the research teams from the perspective of comparisons. In order to find the international gap between China and other countries, we still highlight the difference between China's participation and non-participation in cooperation. The research results show that Chinese and their foreign research maintain close ties with major scientific research countries; international cooperation is widespread and is conducive to crossing into the leading team; China's domestic cooperation is higher than in other countries, and their domestic cooperation research is mainly manifested in the data processing and application level, while the core technology and basic algorithm levels need to cooperate with foreign countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the number of sailings canceled in the past few months, as demand has increased, the utilization of ships has become very high, resulting in sudden peaks of activity at the import container terminals. Ship-to-ship operations and yard activity at the container terminals are at their peak and starting to affect land operations on truck arrivals and departures. In response, a Truck Appointment System (TAS) has been developed to mitigate truck congestion that occurs between the gate and the yard of the container terminal. The vehicle booking system is developed and operated in-house at large-scale container terminals, but efficiency is low due to frequent truck schedule changes by the transport companies (forwarders). In this paper, we propose a new form of TAS in which the transport companies and the terminal operator cooperate. Numerical experiments show that the efficiency of the cooperation model is better by comparing the case where the transport company (forwarder) and the terminal operator make their own decision and the case where they cooperate. The cooperation model shows higher efficiency as there are more competing transport companies (forwarders) and more segmented tasks a truck can reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Migration consequence what were caused by the economic crisis and easy opportunity to travel and work abroad will be felt in society for a long time. Latvia has lost a lot of people in working age and those who could improve demographic situation. They now live abroad, have their own company and establish families. All this is necessary for Latvia now, therefore would be useful to involve diaspora in business environment and innovation development. The aim of the research outlined in this article is by performing deeper analysis of diaspora's survey of possible involvement of Latvian diaspora's into entrepreneurship and innovation development in Latvia, by developing model for facilitation of cooperation between higher education institutions (HEIs) and science, governmental institutions, business representatives and society. Model is based on results of survey performed with Latvian diasporas in the world. Model is showing possible types of cooperation and help expected from Latvia's institution's side to improve level of diaspora representative's involvement in economy, politics and everyday decisions in Latvia. Model is elaborated by using STELLA. This article is part of and supported by the state supported research project EKOSOC-LV, part 5.2.2. Gratitude to Institute of Social, Economic and Humanities research of Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competitive cooperation model of regional travel agencies and travel market participants is considered. Evaluation of the model using mathematical and statistical methods was carried out. Relationship marketing provides a travel company certain economic advantages.

Despite the number of sailings canceled in the past few months, as demand has increased, the utilization of ships has become very high, resulting in sudden peaks of activity at the import container terminals. Ship-to-ship operations and yard activity at the container terminals are at their peak and starting to affect land operations on truck arrivals and departures. In response, a Truck Appointment System (TAS) has been developed to mitigate truck congestion that occurs between the gate and the yard of the container terminal. The vehicle booking system is developed and operated in-house at large-scale container terminals, but efficiency is low due to frequent truck schedule changes by the transport companies (forwarders). In this paper, we propose a new form of TAS in which the transport companies and the terminal operator cooperate. Numerical experiments show that the efficiency of the cooperation model is better by comparing the case where the transport company (forwarder) and the terminal operator make their own decision and the case where they cooperate. The cooperation model shows higher efficiency as there are more competing transport companies (forwarders) and more segmented tasks a truck can reserve.

This research is to analyse the existing cooperation between universities and the construction industry and to investigate what is the most effective model for long-term cooperation between an academic university and the private construction sector. The current article describes the human resources management tools to be used by employers to create interrelations between the paid salaries and productivity, thus providing both individual and corporate results. The suggested different tools contribute to keeping employees satisfied and motivated, simultaneously properly balancing productivity and individual earnings. The researchers conclude that it is necessary to create a new model for personnel selection and a new approach to stimulate motivation and maintenance within the construction industry. In order to respond to the needs of the sector for professionals and the required increase of the qualifications of the mentioned specialists, it is necessary that the country improves the level of education of the future professionals for the construction industry and changes the system of testing their professional qualifications, which means cooperation between the educational institutions and the industry. The suggested cooperation model by authors may provide a general guideline for further detailed researches and its implementation may help similar-sized economies to make possible national adjustments. The implementation of this model in bigger and/or developed economies should be justified by separate additional research.

Copyright of Technical Transactions / Czasopismo Techniczne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)