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8,141 results on '"Cooper, Richard"'

3. Comparing House Mouse Management Programs in Apartments

Author

Wang, Changlu, Sarker, Souvic, Yu, Jin-Jia, Pan, Xiaodan, Cooper, Richard, and Corrigan, Robert

Subjects
exclusion, Mus musculus domesticus, rodent control, rodenticides, traps
Abstract

The house mouse is a common indoor pest found in the urban environment. Low-income communities often have the highest house mouse infestation rates due to inadequate pest management practices. We conducted an 18-month long study evaluating the effectiveness of three house mouse management strategies in a low-income community in New Jersey, U.S. Six buildings containing 156 apartments were divided into three groups, T&B, T&B+E, and control. The T&B treatment included the installment of traps and rodenticide baits. The T&B+E treatment included using traps and rodenticide baits, plus interior and exterior exclusion of the buildings. Researchers applied baits and traps inside apartments, crawl spaces, and basements and followed up until no mouse activity was found. Exclusion was completed by contracted vendors with oversight from researchers. The apartments in the control group were serviced by an existing contractor which used rodenticides and glue boards for mouse control and their treatment was offered only to residents who complained about mouse infestations. Building-wide inspections were conducted at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. T&B and T&B+E were more effective than the control in reducing house mouse infestations. The infestation rate in T&B, T&B+E, and control at 12 months (May 2023) was 2, 2, and 44%, respectively. The infestation rate rebounded in all groups from 12 to 18 months, which was probably related to lower temperatures in winter. T&B+E treatment caused faster reduction of mouse infestations than T&B treatment, but did not result in lower new infestations than T&B. The palatability of different rodenticides varied significantly. Kitchens had a higher amount of mouse activity than living rooms. A median number of three mice were caught by snap traps per infested apartment. Additional studies are suggested to determine the benefit of rodent exclusion.

Published
2024

4. Using mobile fNIRS to explore the development of goal-directed action sequence planning in freely moving preschoolers.

Author

Schroer, Lisanne, Pinti, Paola, Cooper, Richard P, and Mareschal, Denis

Subjects
Action, Cognitive development, Development, fNIRS
Abstract

Measuring the neural correlates of cognition in freely moving preschoolers presents several challenges. The current article describes a proof-of-principle study assessing brain activation in preschoolers while performing a naturalistic action planning task in the wild. Ninety-two children between 3 and 5 years of age built both a Duplo house and a Duplo spaceship. Both building tasks involve the completion of multiple subgoals within the overall goal. The results revealed an increase in oxyhaemoglobin activation in right DLPFC when planning for the next subgoal, as well as in a standard go/no-go inhibition task, suggesting that inhibition may play a special role in selecting subgoals at these ages. More generally, we demonstrate that fNIRS data can be recorded from moving preschoolers and that a multi-modal set-up including optical motion capture can allow the reconstruction of events of interest. Implications of the approach, as well as recommendations to improve data quality of wireless fNIRS in freely moving toddlers, are discussed.

Published
2024

5. Error in Sequential Action: An Evaluation of a Competence Model

Author

Cooper, Richard P

Subjects
Psychology, Action, Attention, Computational Modeling, Mathematical modeling
Abstract

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is commonly used to assess executive (dys-)function, particularly in neuropsychological patients. Performance on the test typically yields two types of error: perseverative errors, where participants persist in applying an inferred rule despite negative feedback, and set-loss errors, were participants cease applying an inferred rule despite positive feedback. The two types of error are known to dissociate. In this paper we apply an existing model of the WCST -- the model of Bishara et al. (2010) -- to a novel dataset, focussing specifically on the distribution of the two types of error over the duration of the task. Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation to fit the model to the data, we argue that the model provides a good account of the performance of some participants, but a poor account of individual differences. It is argued that this is because the model is essentially a competence model which fails to incorporate performance factors, and that accounting for the different types of error, and in particular the error distribution during the task, requires incorporating performance factors into the model. Some consequences of this for the broader enterprise of developing normative competence models are discussed.

Published
2024

6. Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

Author

Haisma, Hinke, Hambly, Catherine, Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kushner, Robert, Lambert, Estelle, Lanerolle, Pulani, Larsson, Christel, Lessan, Nader, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby, Matsiko, Eric, Meijer, Gerwin, Morehen, James, Morton, James, Must, Aviva, Neuheuser, Marian, Nicklas, Theresa, Ojiambo, Robert, Pietilainen, Kirsi, Pitsiladis, Yannis, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross, Rabinovich, Roberto, Racette, Susan, Raichen, David, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne, Reilly, John, Reynolds, Rebecca, Roberts, Susan, Rood, Jennifer, Samaranayake, Dulani, Sardinha, Luís, Scuitt, Albertine, Silva, Analiza, Sinha, Srishti, Sjödin, Anders, Stice, Eric, Stunkard, Albert, Urlacher, Samuel, Valencia, Mauro, Valenti, Giulio, van Etten, Ludo, Van Mil, Edgar, Verbunt, Jeanine, Wells, Jonathan, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy, Pontzer, Herman, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Westerterp, Klaas, Wong, William, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John, Halsey, Lewis, Careau, Vincent, Ainslie, Philip, Alemán-Mateo, Heliodoro, Andersen, Lene, Anderson, Liam, Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn, Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej, Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stephan, Casper, Regian, Close, Graeme, Colbert, Lisa, Cooper, Jamie, Cooper, Richard, Dabare, Prasangi, Das, Sai, Davies, Peter, Deb, Sanjoy, and Nyström, Christine

Subjects
age, height, inter-individual variation, morphometry, weight, Adolescent, Young Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Adult, Puberty, Sexual Behavior, Reproduction, Energy Metabolism, Phenotype
Abstract

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at different life stages, along with several morphological traits: height, fat free mass and fat mass. Total EE, and to some degree also activity EE, exhibit considerable greater male variation (GMV) in young adults, and then a decreasing GMV in progressively older individuals. Arguably, basal EE, and also morphometrics, do not exhibit this pattern. These findings suggest that single male sexual characteristics may not exhibit peak GMV in young adulthood, however total and perhaps also activity EE, associated with many morphological and physiological traits combined, do exhibit GMV most prominently during the reproductive life stages.

Published
2023

17. Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Author

Speakman, John, de Jong, Jasper, Sinha, Srishti, Westerterp, Klaas, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip, Anderson, Liam, Arab, Lenore, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej, Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stefan, Cooper, Jamie, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai, Davies, Peter, Dugas, Lara, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry, Gillingham, Melanie, Ghosh, Santu, Goris, Annelies, Halsey, Lewis, Hambly, Catherine, Haisma, Hinke, Hoffman, Daniel, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek, Kaplan, Jennifer, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William, Kushner, Robert, Leonard, William, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby, Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine, Meijer, Erwin, Neuhouser, Marian, Nicklas, Theresa, Ojiambo, Robert, Pietiläinen, Kirsi, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross, Racette, Susan, Raichlen, David, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne, Roberts, Susan, Rudolph, Michael, Sardinha, Luis, Schuit, Albertine, Silva, Analiza, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo, Van Mil, Edgar, Wood, Brian, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia, Loechl, Cornelia, Kurpad, Anura, Luke, Amy, Pontzer, Herman, Rodeheffer, Matthew, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale, Wong, William, and Gurven, Michael

Subjects
Male, Female, United States, Humans, Health Expenditures, Exercise, Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Obesity
Abstract

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance1,2. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated3,4. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time. We use the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labelled Water database on energy expenditure of adults in the United States and Europe (n = 4,799) to explore patterns in total (TEE: n = 4,799), basal (BEE: n = 1,432) and physical activity energy expenditure (n = 1,432) over time. In males, adjusted BEE decreased significantly, but in females this did not reach significance. A larger dataset of basal metabolic rate (equivalent to BEE) measurements of 9,912 adults across 163 studies spanning 100 years replicates the decline in BEE in both sexes. We conclude that increasing obesity in the United States/Europe has probably not been fuelled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE. We identify here a decline in adjusted BEE as a previously unrecognized factor.

Published
2023

18. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Author

Yamada, Yosuke, Zhang, Xueying, Henderson, Mary ET, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Pontzer, Herman, Watanabe, Daiki, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Kimura, Misaka, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kraus, William E, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack A, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Miyachi, Motohiko, Schoeller, Dale A, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database

Subjects
Prevention, Clean Water and Sanitation, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Exercise, Humidity, Life Style, Social Class, Water, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drinking, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.

Published
2022

19. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G, Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R

Subjects
Obesity, Behavioral and Social Science, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adult, Aged, Aging, Animals, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, DLW, Energetics, Activity, Trait variability, Biological sex, Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology, Archaeology
Abstract

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when statistically comparing males and females of the same age, height, and body composition, there is much more variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among males. However, with aging, variation in total energy expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably greater male variation in both total and activity energy expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also possible that females have been under stabilizing selection pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to maximize energy available for reproduction.

Published
2022

21. Risk loci involved in giant cell arteritis susceptibility: a genome-wide association study

Author

Callejas, José Luis, Caminal-Montero, Luis, Corbera-Bellalta, Marc, de Miguel, Eugenio, Díaz-López, J. Bernardino, García-Villanueva, María Jesús, Gómez-Vaquero, Carmen, Guijarro-Rojas, Mercedes, Hidalgo-Conde, Ana, Marí-Alfonso, Begoña, Martínez-Berriochoa, Agustín, Morado, Inmaculada C., Narváez, Javier, Ramentol-Sintas, Marc, Martínez-Zapico, Aleida, Martínez-Taboada, Víctor Manuel, Miranda-Filloy, José A., Monfort, Jordi, Pérez-Conesa, Mercedes, Prieto-González, Sergio, Raya, Enrique, Ríos-Fenández, Raquel, Sánchez-Martín, Julio, Sopeña, Bernardo, Tío, Laura, Unzurrunzaga, Ainhoa, Wordsworth, Oliver, Whitwell, Isobel, Brock, Jessica, Douglas, Victoria, Hettiarachchi, Chamila, Bartholomew, Jacqui, Jarrett, Stephen, Smithson, Gayle, Green, Michael, Brown, Pearl Clark, Lawson, Cathy, Gordon, Esther, Lane, Suzanne, Francis, Rebecca, Dasgupta, Bhaskar, Masunda, Bridgett, Calver, Jo, Patel, Yusuf, Thompson, Charlotte, Gregory, Louise, Levy, Sarah, Menon, Ajit, Thompson, Amy, Dyche, Lisa, Martin, Michael, Li, Charles, Laxminarayan, Ramasharan, Wilcox, Louise, de Guzman, Ralph, Isaacs, John, Lorenzi, Alice, Farley, Ross, Hinchcliffe-Hume, Helain, Bejarano, Victoria, Hope, Susan, Nandi, Pradip, Stockham, Lynne, Wilde, Catherine, Durrant, Donna, Lloyd, Mark, Ye, Chee-Seng, Stevens, Rob, Jilani, Amjad, Collins, David, Pegler, Suzannah, Rivett, Ali, Price, Liz, McHugh, Neil, Skeoch, Sarah, O'Kane, Diana, Kirkwood, Sue, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Pugmire, Susan, Sultan, Shabina, Dooks, Emma, Armstrong, Lisa, Sadik, Hala, Nandagudi, Anupama, Abioye, Tolu, Ramos, Angelo, Gumus, Steph, Sofat, Nidhi, Harrison, Abiola, Seward, Abi, Mollan, Susan, Rahan, Ray, Hawkins, Helen, Emsley, Hedley, Bhargava, Anna, Fleming, Vicki, Hare, Marianne, Raj, Sonia, George, Emmanuel, Allen, Nicola, Hunter, Karl, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Bird, Georgina, Magliano, Malgorzata, Manzo, Katarina, Sanghera, Bobbie, Hutchinson, David, Hammonds, Fiona, Sharma, Poonam, Cooper, Richard, McLintock, Graeme, Al-Saffar, Zaid S., Green, Mike, Elliott, Kerry, Neale, Tania, Mallinson, Janine, Lanyon, Peter, Pradere, Marie-Josephe, Jordan, Natasha, Htut, Ei Phyu, Mushapaidzi, Thelma, Abercrombie, Donna, Wright, Sam, Rowlands, Jane, Mukhtyar, Chetan, Kennedy, James, Makkuni, Damodar, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Kouroupis, Michael, John, Lily, Hughes, Rod, Walsh, Margaret, Buckley, Marie, Mackay, Kirsten, Camden-Woodley, Tracey, Redome, Joan, Pearce, Kirsty, Marianayagam, Thiraupathy, Cruz, Carina, Warner, Elizabeth, Atchia, Ishmael, Walker, Claire, Black, Karen, Duffy, Stacey, Fothergill, Lynda, Jefferey, Rebecca, Toomey, Jackie, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, Pothecary, Carla, Green, Lauren, Toms, Tracey, Maher, Linda, Davis, Diana, Sayan, Amrinder, Thankachen, Mini, Abusalameh, Mahdi, Record, Jessica, Khan, Asad, Stafford, Sam, Hussein, Azza, Williams, Clare, Fletcher, Alison, Johson, Laura, Burnett, Richard, Moots, Robert, Frankland, Helen, Dale, James, Moar, Kirsten, Hollas, Carol, Parker, Ben, Ridings, Derek, Eapen, Sandhya, John, Sindhu, Robson, Jo, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Fyfe, Rose, Tait, Moira, Marks, Jonathan, Gunter, Emma, Hernandez, Rochelle, Bhat, Smita, Johnston, Paul, Khurshid, Muhammad, Barclay, Charlotte, Kapur, Deepti, Jeffrey, Helen, Hughes, Anna, Slack, Lauren, Thomas, Eleri, Royon, Anna, Hall, Angela, King, Jon, Nyathi, Sindi, Morris, Vanessa, Castelino, Madhura, Hawkins, Ellie, Tomson, Linda, Singh, Animesh, Nunag, Annalyn, O'Connor, Stella, Rushby, Nathan, Hewitson, Nicola, O'Sunmboye, Kenny, Lewszuk, Adam, Boyles, Louise, Perry, Martin, Williams, Emma, Graver, Christine, Defever, Emmanuel, Kamanth, Sanjeet, Kay, Dominic, Ogor, Joe, Winter, Louise, Horton, Sarah, Welch, Gillian, Hollinshead, Kath, Peters, James, Labao, Julius, Dmello, Andrea, Dawson, Julie, Graham, Denise, De Lord, Denise, Deery, Jo, Hazelton, Tracy, Carette, Simon, Chung, Sharon, Cuthbertson, David, Forbess, Lindsy J., Gewurz-Singer, Ora, Hoffman, Gary S., Koening, Curry L., Maksimowicz-McKinnon, Kathleen M., McAlear, Carol A., Moreland, Larry W., Pagnoux, Christian, Seo, Philip, Specks, Ulrich, Spiera, Robert F., Sreih, Antoine, Warrington, Kenneth J., Monach, Paul A., Weisman, Michael, Borrego-Yaniz, Gonzalo, Ortiz-Fernández, Lourdes, Madrid-Paredes, Adela, Kerick, Martin, Hernández-Rodríguez, José, Mackie, Sarah L, Vaglio, Augusto, Castañeda, Santos, Solans, Roser, Mestre-Torres, Jaume, Khalidi, Nader, Langford, Carol A, Ytterberg, Steven, Beretta, Lorenzo, Govoni, Marcello, Emmi, Giacomo, Cimmino, Marco A, Witte, Torsten, Neumann, Thomas, Holle, Julia, Schönau, Verena, Pugnet, Gregory, Papo, Thomas, Haroche, Julien, Mahr, Alfred, Mouthon, Luc, Molberg, Øyvind, Diamantopoulos, Andreas P, Voskuyl, Alexandre, Daikeler, Thomas, Berger, Christoph T, Molloy, Eamonn S, Blockmans, Daniel, van Sleen, Yannick, Iles, Mark, Sorensen, Louise, Luqmani, Raashid, Reynolds, Gary, Bukhari, Marwan, Bhagat, Shweta, Ortego-Centeno, Norberto, Brouwer, Elisabeth, Lamprecht, Peter, Klapa, Sebastian, Salvarani, Carlo, Merkel, Peter A, Cid, María C, González-Gay, Miguel A, Morgan, Ann W, Martin, Javier, and Márquez, Ana

Published
2024
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28. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Author

Westerterp, Klaas R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Branth, Stefan, Colbert, Lisa H, De Bruin, Niels C, Dutman, Alice E, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Jorgensen, Hans U, Larsson, Christel L, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, McCloskey, Margaret, Meijer, Gerwin A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Schulz, Sabine, Van den Berg-Emons, Rita, Van Gemert, Wim G, and Wilhelmine, W

Subjects
Prevention, Aging, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, physical activity level, age, energy expenditure, body composition, doubly labeled water, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.ObjectivesA study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.ResultsPAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males

Published
2021

29. Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

Author

Careau, Vincent, Halsey, Lewis G, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John R, and group, the IAEA DLW database

Subjects
Nutrition, Obesity, Clinical Research, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adiposity, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Humans, IAEA DLW database group, Homo sapiens, activity, basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, energy compensation, energy management models, exercise, trade-offs, weight loss, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1-3 This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term increase in activity does not directly translate into an increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other components of TEE may decrease in response-energy compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of people living normal lives to find that energy compensation by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from additional activity translates into extra calories burned that day. Moreover, the degree of energy compensation varied considerably between people of different body compositions. This association between compensation and adiposity could be due to among-individual differences in compensation: people who compensate more may be more likely to accumulate body fat. Alternatively, the process might occur within individuals: as we get fatter, our body might compensate more strongly for the calories burned during activity, making losing fat progressively more difficult. Determining the causality of the relationship between energy compensation and adiposity will be key to improving public health strategies regarding obesity.

Published
2021

30. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Author

Pontzer, Herman, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marjije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Teresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, IAEA DLW Database

Subjects
Aging, Nutrition, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Young Adult, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.

Published
2021

31. Discovery and fine-mapping of height loci via high-density imputation of GWASs in individuals of African ancestry

Author

Graff, Mariaelisa, Justice, Anne E, Young, Kristin L, Marouli, Eirini, Zhang, Xinruo, Fine, Rebecca S, Lim, Elise, Buchanan, Victoria, Rand, Kristin, Feitosa, Mary F, Wojczynski, Mary K, Yanek, Lisa R, Shao, Yaming, Rohde, Rebecca, Adeyemo, Adebowale A, Aldrich, Melinda C, Allison, Matthew A, Ambrosone, Christine B, Ambs, Stefan, Amos, Christopher, Arnett, Donna K, Atwood, Larry, Bandera, Elisa V, Bartz, Traci, Becker, Diane M, Berndt, Sonja I, Bernstein, Leslie, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blot, William J, Bottinger, Erwin P, Bowden, Donald W, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Brody, Jennifer A, Broeckel, Ulrich, Burke, Gregory, Cade, Brian E, Cai, Qiuyin, Caporaso, Neil, Carlson, Chris, Carpten, John, Casey, Graham, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Guanjie, Chen, Minhui, Chen, Yii-Der I, Chen, Wei-Min, Chesi, Alessandra, Chiang, Charleston WK, Chu, Lisa, Coetzee, Gerry A, Conti, David V, Cooper, Richard S, Cushman, Mary, Demerath, Ellen, Deming, Sandra L, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Ding, Jingzhong, Diver, W Ryan, Duan, Qing, Evans, Michele K, Falusi, Adeyinka G, Faul, Jessica D, Fornage, Myriam, Fox, Caroline, Freedman, Barry I, Garcia, Melissa, Gillanders, Elizabeth M, Goodman, Phyllis, Gottesman, Omri, Grant, Struan FA, Guo, Xiuqing, Hakonarson, Hakon, Haritunians, Talin, Harris, Tamara B, Harris, Curtis C, Henderson, Brian E, Hennis, Anselm, Hernandez, Dena G, Hirschhorn, Joel N, McNeill, Lorna Haughton, Howard, Timothy D, Howard, Barbara, Hsing, Ann W, Hsu, Yu-Han H, Hu, Jennifer J, Huff, Chad D, Huo, Dezheng, Ingles, Sue A, Irvin, Marguerite R, John, Esther M, Johnson, Karen C, Jordan, Joanne M, Kabagambe, Edmond K, Kang, Sun J, Kardia, Sharon L, Keating, Brendan J, Kittles, Rick A, Klein, Eric A, Kolb, Suzanne, and Kolonel, Laurence N

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Africa, Black or African American, Black People, Body Height, Europe, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, African ancestry, fine-mapping, genome-wide, height, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Although many loci have been associated with height in European ancestry populations, very few have been identified in African ancestry individuals. Furthermore, many of the known loci have yet to be generalized to and fine-mapped within a large-scale African ancestry sample. We performed sex-combined and sex-stratified meta-analyses in up to 52,764 individuals with height and genome-wide genotyping data from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC). We additionally combined our African ancestry meta-analysis results with published European genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. In the African ancestry analyses, we identified three novel loci (SLC4A3, NCOA2, ECD/FAM149B1) in sex-combined results and two loci (CRB1, KLF6) in women only. In the African plus European sex-combined GWAS, we identified an additional three novel loci (RCCD1, G6PC3, CEP95) which were equally driven by AAAGC and European results. Among 39 genome-wide significant signals at known loci, conditioning index SNPs from European studies identified 20 secondary signals. Two of the 20 new secondary signals and none of the 8 novel loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF) < 5%. Of 802 known European height signals, 643 displayed directionally consistent associations with height, of which 205 were nominally significant (p < 0.05) in the African ancestry sex-combined sample. Furthermore, 148 of 241 loci contained ≤20 variants in the credible sets that jointly account for 99% of the posterior probability of driving the associations. In summary, trans-ethnic meta-analyses revealed novel signals and further improved fine-mapping of putative causal variants in loci shared between African and European ancestry populations.

Published
2021

34. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies.

Author

Speakman, John R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena SF, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Creasy, Seth A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ebbeling, Cara B, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Melanson, Edward L, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, and IAEA DLW database group

Subjects
IAEA DLW database group, doubly labeled water, free-living, total energy expenditure, validation
Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (

Published
2021

35. Automatic and Controlled Sentence Production: A Computational Model

Author

Buyakin, Eugene V. and Cooper, Richard P.

Subjects
sentence production, attentional control, spreadingactivation model, language variation, complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)
Abstract

We present a computational model of sentence production thatemulates variation of the output of lexicalization andgrammatical encoding of the abstract pre-lexical message, interms of complexity and accuracy of the generated sentence aswell as fluency and cognitive costs of the sentence production.The model integrates approaches from routine action selectionmodels built on Dual Systems Theory (Norman & Shallice,1986) with ‘A Blueprint for the Speaker’ developed by Levelt(1989). The paper describes and justifies the modelarchitecture, explores factors affecting language variation inproduction, and applies the model for testing relationshipbetween complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) of languageproduction as debated within Second Language Acquisition(SLA) research. A simulation that generated 78,750 sentencesprovides evidence of the trade-off relationship between CAFparameters as speakers have to sacrifice performance on one ofthe CAF factors in order to improve the remaining two.

Published
2020

36. A Mechanistic Account of Model-Free / Model-Based Trade-off and its ChangeAcross Development

Author

Carteron, Aude, Mareschal, Denis, and Cooper, Richard

Abstract

The joint recruitment of two systems (habitual and goal-directed) for the control of behaviour has provoked wide interestin the last decades. The systems relative contributions have been quantified through a standard two-stage task and byapplying reinforcement learning (model-free/model-based), but less is known about the processes behind their integration.We address this with an interactive activation model of the standard task in which the two systems activate, to varyingdegrees, the potential responses. The model is able to capture the behavioural patterns characterizing the trade-off betweenthe two systems. Additionally, the model is able to simulate response times because activations vary over time within atrial. We explore three mechanistic hypotheses of the trade-off related to developmental data from childhood to adulthood.We argue that process-level models such as ours are needed, conjointly with new empirical tasks, to further understandchanges in the control of action selection across development.

Published
2020

37. Striatal and Cortical Components of Inattentional Responses: An Experimentaland Computational Study of theWisconsin Card Sorting Test in Adults withADHD traits

Author

Caso, Andrea and Cooper, Richard

Abstract

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition with a neurodevelopmental coursethat often persists in adulthood. Although it is conceptualised as a categorical disorder, ADHD traits are present in thegeneral population. ADHD constitutes an important paradigm because its aetiology is related to both frontal and striatalcircuits, but it is unclear what localised operations could be at fault when ADHD symptoms arise. We present a study where50 adults, of which 14 had a diagnosis of ADHD, performed a speeded and unspeeded variation of the Wisconsin CardSorting Test (WCST) and completed a set of questionnaires, including the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS).Results indicate that sorting errors on the WCST did not differ between groups. However, when response times werecharacterised in terms of parameterised ex-Gaussian distributions for the unspeeded part of task, moderate correlationswere found between the parameter corresponding to the thickness of the tail of the distribution and subscales of theCAARS measuring inattention and impulsivity. This suggests that inattention and/or impulsivity explain the occasionalslower responses of ADHD participants. We consider the results in the context of an existing computational model thatsimulates cortical and basal ganglia operation in the WCST, where a qualitative exploration supports a distinction betweencortical and striatal components of the psychological processes that lead to performance of participants with ADHD traits.

Published
2020

39. A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height

Author

Yengo, Loïc, Vedantam, Sailaja, Marouli, Eirini, Sidorenko, Julia, Bartell, Eric, Sakaue, Saori, Graff, Marielisa, Eliasen, Anders U., Jiang, Yunxuan, Raghavan, Sridharan, Miao, Jenkai, Arias, Joshua D., Graham, Sarah E., Mukamel, Ronen E., Spracklen, Cassandra N., Yin, Xianyong, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Ferreira, Teresa, Highland, Heather H., Ji, Yingjie, Karaderi, Tugce, Lin, Kuang, Lüll, Kreete, Malden, Deborah E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Machado, Moara, Moore, Amy, Rüeger, Sina, Sim, Xueling, Vrieze, Scott, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Akiyama, Masato, Allison, Matthew A., Alvarez, Marcus, Andersen, Mette K., Ani, Alireza, Appadurai, Vivek, Arbeeva, Liubov, Bhaskar, Seema, Bielak, Lawrence F., Bollepalli, Sailalitha, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Bradford, Yuki, Braund, Peter S., Brody, Jennifer A., Burgdorf, Kristoffer S., Cade, Brian E., Cai, Hui, Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Cañadas-Garre, Marisa, Catamo, Eulalia, Chai, Jin-Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chang, Yi-Cheng, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chesi, Alessandra, Choi, Seung Hoan, Chung, Ren-Hua, Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Couture, Christian, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, Danning, Rebecca, Daw, E. Warwick, Degenhard, Frauke, Delgado, Graciela E., Delitala, Alessandro, Demirkan, Ayse, Deng, Xuan, Devineni, Poornima, Dietl, Alexander, Dimitriou, Maria, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Ekici, Arif B., Engmann, Jorgen E., Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Faul, Jessica D., Fernandez-Lopez, Juan-Carlos, Forer, Lukas, Francescatto, Margherita, Freitag-Wolf, Sandra, Fuchsberger, Christian, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gao, Yan, Gao, Zishan, Geller, Frank, Giannakopoulou, Olga, Giulianini, Franco, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Gordon, Scott D., Gorski, Mathias, Grove, Jakob, Guo, Xiuqing, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeffrey, Hansen, Thomas F., Havulinna, Aki S., Haworth, Simon J., He, Jing, Heard-Costa, Nancy, Hebbar, Prashantha, Hindy, George, Ho, Yuk-Lam A., Hofer, Edith, Holliday, Elizabeth, Horn, Katrin, Hornsby, Whitney E., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huang, Hongyan, Huang, Jie, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Huffman, Jennifer E., Hung, Yi-Jen, Huo, Shaofeng, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Iha, Hiroyuki, Ikeda, Daisuke D., Isono, Masato, Jackson, Anne U., Jäger, Susanne, Jansen, Iris E., Johansson, Ingegerd, Jonas, Jost B., Jonsson, Anna, Jørgensen, Torben, Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota, Kanai, Masahiro, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kårhus, Line L., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kember, Rachel L., Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Han-Na, Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Knol, Maria J., Kurbasic, Azra, Lauzon, Marie, Le, Phuong, Lea, Rodney, Lee, Jong-Young, Leonard, Hampton L., Li, Shengchao A., Li, Xiaohui, Li, Xiaoyin, Liang, Jingjing, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Shih-Yi, Liu, Jun, Liu, Xueping, Lo, Ken Sin, Long, Jirong, Lores-Motta, Laura, Luan, Jian’an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mangino, Massimo, Manichaikul, Ani, Marten, Jonathan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mavarani, Laven, McDaid, Aaron F., Meidtner, Karina, Melendez, Tori L., Mercader, Josep M., Milaneschi, Yuri, Miller, Jason E., Millwood, Iona Y., Mishra, Pashupati P., Mitchell, Ruth E., Møllehave, Line T., Morgan, Anna, Mucha, Soeren, Munz, Matthias, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Nelson, Christopher P., Nethander, Maria, Nho, Chu Won, Nielsen, Aneta A., Nolte, Ilja M., Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Ntalla, Ioanna, Nutile, Teresa, Pandit, Anita, Christofidou, Paraskevi, Pärna, Katri, Pauper, Marc, Petersen, Eva R. B., Petersen, Liselotte V., Pitkänen, Niina, Polašek, Ozren, Poveda, Alaitz, Preuss, Michael H., Pyarajan, Saiju, Raffield, Laura M., Rakugi, Hiromi, Ramirez, Julia, Rasheed, Asif, Raven, Dennis, Rayner, Nigel W., Riveros, Carlos, Rohde, Rebecca, Ruggiero, Daniela, Ruotsalainen, Sanni E., Ryan, Kathleen A., Sabater-Lleal, Maria, Saxena, Richa, Scholz, Markus, Sendamarai, Anoop, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jingchunzi, Shin, Jae Hun, Sidore, Carlo, Sitlani, Colleen M., Slieker, Roderick C., Smit, Roelof A. J., Smith, Albert V., Smith, Jennifer A., Smyth, Laura J., Southam, Lorraine, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Sun, Liang, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tallapragada, Divya Sri Priyanka, Taylor, Kent D., Tayo, Bamidele O., Tcheandjieu, Catherine, Terzikhan, Natalie, Tesolin, Paola, Teumer, Alexander, Theusch, Elizabeth, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Timmers, Paul R. H. J., Trompet, Stella, Turman, Constance, Vaccargiu, Simona, van der Laan, Sander W., van der Most, Peter J., van Klinken, Jan B., van Setten, Jessica, Verma, Shefali S., Verweij, Niek, Veturi, Yogasudha, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Lihua, Wang, Zhe, Warren, Helen R., Bin Wei, Wen, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Wielscher, Matthias, Wiggins, Kerri L., Winsvold, Bendik S., Wong, Andrew, Wu, Yang, Wuttke, Matthias, Xia, Rui, Xie, Tian, Yamamoto, Ken, Yang, Jingyun, Yao, Jie, Young, Hannah, Yousri, Noha A., Yu, Lei, Zeng, Lingyao, Zhang, Weihua, Zhang, Xinyuan, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zimmermann, Martina E., Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Adair, Linda S., Adams, Hieab H. H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Al-Mulla, Fahd, Arnett, Donna K., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Attia, John, Banas, Bernhard, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bennett, David A., Bergler, Tobias, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Biino, Ginevra, Bisgaard, Hans, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Børglum, Anders D., Borja, Judith B., Bouchard, Claude, Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Brumpton, Ben, Buring, Julie E., Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chandak, Giriraj R., Chanock, Stephen J., Chaturvedi, Nish, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Christophersen, Ingrid E., Ciullo, Marina, Cole, John W., Collins, Francis S., Cooper, Richard S., Cruz, Miguel, Cucca, Francesco, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Cutler, Michael J., Damrauer, Scott M., Dantoft, Thomas M., de Borst, Gert J., de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M., De Jager, Philip L., de Kleijn, Dominique P. V., Janaka de Silva, H., Dedoussis, George V., den Hollander, Anneke I., Du, Shufa, Easton, Douglas F., Elders, Petra J. M., Eliassen, A. Heather, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elmståhl, Sölve, Erdmann, Jeanette, Evans, Michele K., Fatkin, Diane, Feenstra, Bjarke, Feitosa, Mary F., Ferrucci, Luigi, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Freedman, Barry I., Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Goddard, Michael E., Golightly, Yvonne M., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Lyn, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Haiman, Christopher, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Torben, Hartman, Catharina A., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hengstenberg, Christian, Hewitt, Alex W., Hishigaki, Haretsugu, Hoyng, Carel B., Huang, Paul L., Huang, Wei, Hunt, Steven C., Hveem, Kristian, Hyppönen, Elina, Iacono, William G., Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, M. Arfan, Isasi, Carmen R., Jackson, Rebecca D., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jin, Zi-Bing, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joshi, Peter K., Jousilahti, Pekka, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kähönen, Mika, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kang, Kui Dong, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kato, Norihiro, Kee, Frank, Kessler, Thorsten, Khera, Amit V., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Kirchhof, Paulus, Kivimaki, Mika, Koh, Woon-Puay, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kolovou, Genovefa D., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Köttgen, Anna, Kovacs, Peter, Kraaijeveld, Adriaan, Kraft, Peter, Krauss, Ronald M., Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Le Marchand, Loic, Lee, Hyejin, Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Huaixing, Li, Liming, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Loeffler, Markus, London, Barry, Lubitz, Steven A., Lye, Stephen J., Mackey, David A., Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Marcus, Gregory M., Vidal, Pedro Marques, Martin, Nicholas G., März, Winfried, Matsuda, Fumihiko, McGarrah, Robert W., McGue, Matt, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Medland, Sarah E., Mellström, Dan, Metspalu, Andres, Mitchell, Braxton D., Mitchell, Paul, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morris, Andrew D., Mucci, Lorelei A., Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Nazarian, Saman, Nelson, Amanda E., Neville, Matt J., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Nielsen, Christopher S., Nöthen, Markus M., Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Orozco, Lorena, Pahkala, Katja, Pajukanta, Päivi, Palmer, Colin N. A., Parra, Esteban J., Pattaro, Cristian, Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Penninx, Brenda W. J. 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Published
2022
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43. Ore deposit exploration, geophysics and cutoff grade

Author

White, Mary, Parker, Linda, Watson, David, Gray, Charles, Cooper, Richard, Lewis, Karen, Scott, Edwards, and Sun, Chelsea

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Geophysics testing has always been the most available and affordable information for large scale mineral exploration. This paper uses the geophysics conditions of recent mines to build a model on ore locations. The model will also provide information for cutoff grid., Comment: data may not be accurate, further investigation needed

Published
2018

44. Executive Functions in Aging: An Experimental and Computational Study of theWisconsin Card Sorting Task

Author

Caso, Andrea and Cooper, Richard

Abstract

In this paper we explore the effect of normal aging on executive function and present a computational account of the effectof aging in a standard executive task. We tested 25 younger adults and 25 older adults (both with no known neurologicalcondition) on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), a classic test of executive function. The test produces multiplemeasures related to the types of error made by participants, the rate of learning, and so on. As hypothesised, results showno difference between the groups in the number of perseverative errors (i.e., in continuing with a previously successful rulein the presence of negative feedback), but a significantly increased tendency for older adults relative to younger adults tocommit set loss errors (i.e., to switch away from a rule despite positive feedback). We fit an existing neurocomputationalmodel of the task to the experimental data by searching through the models parameter space in order to find the best set ofparameter values for the two different age groups. This leads to a proposition regarding the effect of aging on the value ofthe epsilon ctx parameter, which we argue elsewhere reflects cortical dopamine concentration. We further reanalyse thedata by clustering participants by performance (rather than by age) and show that there are multiple points in parameterspace that fit each cluster of participants. We argue on the basis of this and the behavioural data, that different parametervalues reflect different solutions to optimizing task performance, and that older participants may compensate for changesin epsilon ctx (reflecting dopamine concentration) by effortful changes in other parameters (specifically, by increasingattentional focus).

Published
2019

45. Everyday Activities

Author

Schultheis, Holger and Cooper, Richard P.

Subjects
everyday activities, complex tasks, control of ac-tion sequences, action planning, demographic change
Published
2019

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