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Tsirelson's problem deals with how to model separate measurements in quantum mechanics. In addition to its theoretical importance, the resolution of Tsirelson's problem could have great consequences for device independent quantum key distribution and certified randomness. Unfortunately, understanding present literature on the subject requires a heavy mathematical background. In this paper, we introduce quansality, a new theoretical concept that allows to reinterpret Tsirelson's problem from a foundational point of view. Using quansality as a guide, we recover all known results on Tsirelson's problem in a clear and intuitive way., Unión Europea. FP7, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Ministerio de Educación, Depto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática Aplicada, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar (IMI), TRUE, pub

The objective of this study was to determine the β-CN phenotypes in cow milk collected from HF and cross-bred HF dairy cattle in Phu Dong, Vietnam. In total, 85 samples of raw milk were collected from 85 individual cows. Beta-casein (β-CN) phenotypes in cow milk were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The results showed that three β-CN variants A1, A2 and I were detected and identified in the milk samples. Five β-CN phenotypes A1A1, A1A2, A1I, A2A2 and A2I were found with percentages of 0.035, 0.400, 0.059, 0.482 and 0.024, respectively. The higher proportion of β-CN phenotype A2A2 compared to other phenotypes was expected because of changes in dairy cow breeding in Phu Dong, Vietnam.

Contains fulltext : 219243.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are highly aggressive sarcomas that most commonly occur intra-abdominally, and are defined by EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion. Intracranial DSRCTs are exceptionally rare with only seven previously reported fusion-positive cases. Herein, we evaluate the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of five additional examples. All patients were male (age range 6-25 years; median 11 years), with four tumors located supratentorially and one within the posterior fossa. The histologic features were highly variable including small cell, embryonal, clear cell, rhabdoid, anaplastic and glioma-like appearances. A prominent desmoplastic stroma was seen in only two cases. The mitotic index ranged from <1 to 12/10 HPF (median 5). While all tumors showed strong desmin positivity, epithelial markers such as EMA, CAM 5.2 and other keratins were strongly positive in only one, focally positive in two and negative in two cases. EWSR1-WT1 gene fusion was present in all cases, with accompanying mutations in the TERT promoter or STAG2 gene in individual cases. Given the significant histologic diversity, in the absence of genetic evaluation these cases could easily be misinterpreted as other entities. Desmin immunostaining is a useful initial screening method for consideration of a DSRCT diagnosis, prompting confirmatory molecular testing. Demonstrating the presence of an EWSR1-WT1 fusion provides a definitive diagnosis of DSRCT. Genome-wide methylation profiles of intracranial DSRCTs matched those of extracranial DSRCTs. Thus, despite the occasionally unusual histologic features and immunoprofile, intracranial DSRCTs likely represent a similar, if not the same, entity as their soft tissue counterpart based on the shared fusion and methylation profiles.

The essential biodiversity variables (EBV) framework was developed primarily to improve the detection of significant changes in global biodiversity. Its application at national level must support county-specific policy and management needs as well as allowing comparisons of estimates of biodiversity change between countries and their aggregation for reporting at regional, continental and global scales.Here we outline a process for prioritising biodiversity variables at national scale using the EBV framework. The process involves separately identifying candidate EBVs that are useful for tracking important changes in biodiversity in each major ecological feature in each ecoregion within a country. The list is then prioritised based on the proportion of ecological feature ecoregion combinations using each variable within and across terrestrial, marine and freshwater realms.We showcased this process in Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) using terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecoregions of the world as bioregional strata; vegetation formations as terrestrial ecological features, and broad aquatic ecosystem types as marine and freshwater ecological features. There was sufficient knowledge of ecological processes to identify useful variables for 85% of the ecological feature ecoregion combinations in NSW. Eleven candidate EBVs covering all six EBV classes, were useful in all three environmental realms.Our structured, stepwise approach to variable selection provides a transparent process for identifying important elements of ecological theory underpinning biodiversity monitoring within countries. Worldwide adoption of a process for prioritising biodiversity variables such as the one we propose here would help ensure consistency of national contributions to global biodiversity assessments.

An approach is proposed and applied to five industries to prove how phenomenology can be valuable in rethinking consumer markets (Popp & Holt, 2013). The purpose of this essay is to highlight the potential implications that 'phenomenological thinking' brings for competitiveness and innovation (Sanders, 1982), hence helping managers being more innovative in their strategic marketing decisions (i.e. market creation, positioning, branding). Phenomenology is in fact a way of thinking − besides and before being a qualitative research procedure − a very practical exercise that strategic managers can master and apply in the same successful way as other scientists have already done in their fields of study (e.g. sociology, psychology, psychiatry, and anthropology). Two fundamental considerations justify this research: a lack of distinctiveness among firms due to high levels of competition and consumers no longer knowing what they want (i.e. no more needs). The authors will show how the classical mental framework generally used to study markets by practitioners appears on the one hand to be established and systematic in the life of a company, while on the other is no longer adequate to meet the needs of innovation required to survive. To the classic principles of objectivity, generality, and psycho-sociology the authors counterpose the imaginary, eidetic-phenomenological reduction, and an existential perspective. From a theoretical point of view, this paper introduces a set of functioning rules applicable to achieve innovation in any market and useful to identify cultural practices inherent in the act of consumption.

The Congress of the United States has directed the U.S. Coast Guard to determine the potential offered by tiltrotor aircraft technology, more specifically the V-22, for three Coast Guard functions; Search and Rescue (SAR), Law Enforcement/Maritime Interdiction (LE/MI), and Marine Environmental Protection (MEP). This study examines potential employment scenarios of the V-22 in the identified mission components, measures the operational effectiveness of the V-22, and determines the manpower and operating costs associated with those employments. The effectiveness and costs of the V-22 are compared with the effectiveness and costs of the four aircraft models which the USCG expects to employ in 1998. These four aircraft are the HH-6OJ, the HH-65A, the HC-13OH, and the HU-25A/B/C and represent the baseline aircraft alternatives for this analysis. In general, the V-22 offers some distinct advantages over the baseline helicopter fleet due to its ability to cruise at fixed-wing airspeeds, to operate at greater distances and to transport more cargo/personnel than either the HH-65 or the HH-60. In addition, the fixed-wing capabilities of the V-22 are, for the most part, equal to or slightly better than the HU-25. The greater speed of the HU-25 is generally offset by the greater operational radius and the mission flexibility provided by the dual role (helicopter and fixed-wing) capacity of the V-22. These advantages become marginal, however, when examined in the context of the historical USCG employment of aircraft in SAR, LE/MI, and MEP. The study also indicates that tiltrotor technology would substantially increase USCG operating costs over current aircraft while having a negligible effect on manpower costs of the baseline fleet.