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4. P060 Increased metabolic activity of faecal Sutterella Wadsworthensis at IBD onset is associated with an increased risk of escalation to biologic therapies - Results from the Birimingham Inception Cohort Study

Author

Rimmer, P, primary, Cheesbrough, J, additional, Horniblow, R, additional, Tull, S, additional, Sharma, N, additional, Cooney, R, additional, Beggs, A, additional, Regan-Komito, D, additional, Iqbal, A, additional, Iqbal, T, additional, and Quraishi, M N, additional

Published
2024
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8. OP01 PROFILE: a multi-centre, randomised, open-label, biomarker-stratified clinical trial of treatment strategies for patients with newly-diagnosed Crohn’s disease

Author

Noor, N, primary, Lee, J, additional, Bond, S, additional, Dowling, F, additional, Brezina, B, additional, Patel, K, additional, Ahmad, T, additional, Banim, P, additional, Cooney, R, additional, De La Revilla Negro, J, additional, de Silva, S, additional, Din, S, additional, Durai, D, additional, Gordon, J, additional, Irving, P, additional, Johnson, M, additional, Kent, A, additional, Kok, K B, additional, Moran, G, additional, Patel, P, additional, Probert, C, additional, Raine, T, additional, Saich, R, additional, Seward, A, additional, Sharpstone, D, additional, Smith, M, additional, Subramanian, S, additional, Upponi, S, additional, Wiles, A, additional, van den Brink, G, additional, Vermeire, S, additional, Jairath, V, additional, D'Haens, G, additional, McKinney, E, additional, Lyons, P, additional, Lindsay, J, additional, Kennedy, N, additional, Smith, K, additional, and Parkes, M, additional

Published
2024
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12. Cooperative breeding and reproductive skew in the Damaraland mole-rat

Author

Cooney, R.

Subjects
591.5
Abstract

In this thesis I explore assumptions of current models of cooperative breeding and reproductive skew. In the highly social Damaraland mole-rat I examine the questions (1) What benefits do breeders gain from subordinates? (2) Why do helpers help? and (3) Why don't subordinates breed? In answer to (1), benefits to breeders appear to accrue primarily through communal foraging rather than through the provision of alloparental care to young or the reduction of workload. Breeding females contributed most to care of pups, but worked at high rates, even during energetically costly reproductive activities. Subordinate number did not increase litter sizes or pup survivorship. In answer to (2), all cooperative behaviour of subordinates could be explained by simple maximisation of current individual fitness. Mole-rat work levels simply reflected their weight, rather than breeding status, potential kin-selected benefits, or energetic needs of the breeding female. Experimental investigation of communal food storing showed that food storing reflects mole-rats' own weight and hunger state and is insensitive to the hunger state of other colony members. Participation in colony defence was consistent with defence of reproductive status. Attacks on intruders were carried out almost exclusively by breeding mole-rats who attacked primarily same-sex intruders, and subordinates typically did not participate. In answer to (3), there was some evidence that subordinate males pose a reproductive threat to dominant males, but only slight evidence that dominants may control their reproduction. Among females, I found no evidence that dominant control limited the reproduction of subordinate females, and strong evidence that reproductive skew was due to inbreeding avoidance.

Published
2000

14. Foraging in a fractal environment: Spatial patterns in a marine predator-prey system

Author

Russell, Robert W, Hunt, George L, Coyle, Kenneth O, and Cooney, R Ted

Subjects
Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Life Below Water, FRACTAL DIMENSION, SPATIAL CORRELATION, PREDATORS, CONSUMERS, RESOURCES, SEABIRDS, ZOOPLANKTON, FORAGING, ANIMAL MOVEMENTS, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Spatial relationships between predators and prey have important implications for landscape processes and patterns. Highly mobile oceanic birds and their patchily distributed prey constitute an accessible model system for studying these relationships. High-frequency echosounders can be used together with simultaneous direct visual observations to quantitatively describe the distributions of seabird consumers and their resources over a wide range of spatial scales, yielding information which is rarely available in terrestrial systems. Recent fine-scale investigations which have used acoustics to study the distribution of foraging marine birds have reported weak or ephemeral spatial associations between the birds and their prey. These results are inconsistent with predictions of optimal foraging, but several considerations suggest that traditional foraging models do not adequately describe resource acquisition in marine environments. Relative to their terrestrial counterparts, oceanic 'landscapes' are structurally very simple, but they generally lack visual cues about resource availability. An emerging view assumes that perceptually constrained organisms searching for food in multiscale environments should respond to patterns of resource abundance over a continuum of scales. We explore fractal geometry as a possible tool for quantifying this view and for describing spatial dispersion patterns that result from foraging behavior. Data on an Alaskan seabird (least auklet [Aethia pusilla]) and its zooplanktonic food resources suggest that fractal approaches can yield new ecological insights into complex spatial patterns deriving from animal movements. © 1992 SPB Academic Publishing bv.

Published
1992

20. P226 Dietary patterns differ in the newly diagnosed IBD cohort with ethnicity as a key confounding variable, a case control study

Author

Dyall, L, primary, Kyle, J, additional, Misra, R, additional, Clark, H, additional, Limdi, J, additional, Cooney, R, additional, Brookes, M, additional, Fogden, E, additional, Pattni, S, additional, Sharma, N, additional, Iqbal, T, additional, Munkholm, P, additional, Burisch, J, additional, and Arebi, N, additional

Published
2023
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22. A compendium of the steps required to complete 13 essential procedural skills

Author

Reid-McDermott, B., O’Connor, P., Carey, C., Cooney, R., Egan, C., Lydon, S., Madden, C., McLoughlin, M., Mongan, O., Parackal Augusthinose, P., Reid, A., Smith, M., and Byrne, D.

Subjects
Patient safety, Medicine, General practice, Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Abstract

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are units of professional practice that capture essential competencies in which trainees must become proficient before undertaking them independently. EPAs provide supervisors with a solid justification for delegating an activity to trainees. A framework of seven EPAs, and associated competencies have been developed for interns in Ireland. These EPAs address all the core activities that interns should be readily entrusted with at the end of the intern year. These EPAs are: EPA 1: Clerk a patient. EPA 2: Request and interpret basic investigations. EPA 3: Perform essential procedural skills. EPA 4: Manage the work of in-patient care. EPA 5: Prescribe and monitor drugs and fluids. EPA 6: Recognise and manage the deteriorating/acutely unwell patient. EPA 7: Handover and discharge a patient. These seven EPAs, and the process used to develop them, are discussed in more detail elsewhere.1,2 The focus of this compendium is to outline the steps required to correctly complete the 13 essential procedural skills that comprise EPA 3, which are: 1. completing an electrocardiogram; 2. blood sampling and blood cultures from central lines; 3. peripheral intravenous cannulation; 4. preparation, reconstitution, dilution and administration of IV drugs; 5. arterial blood gas sampling; 6. nasogastric tube insertion; 7. urinary catheter insertion; 8. venepuncture; 9. blood cultures from a peripheral vein; 10. sterile field set up; 11. sterile glove application; 12. hand hygiene; 13. donning and doffing PPE. The steps required to perform each of these procedures were developed by subject matter experts from the Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation (ICAPSS). They identified these steps based upon their own clinical experience and a review of published materials on these procedures. This compendium provides a detailed outline of procedures 1 to 10 above. Setting up a sterile field is described as a step in the urinary catheter insertion procedure. Sterile glove application is described as a step in the skills of blood sampling and cultures from a central lines and urinary catheter insertion. Hand hygiene is a required step which is described in all procedures. Donning and doffing is a new addition since the Covid-19 pandemic and is described as a standalone procedure despite it being required to execute the other procedures where personal protective equipment (PPE) is part of the infection control requirements. It is important to indicate that there is often more than one correct way to complete these procedures. Our goal was to identify ‘one correct way’ to complete these procedures to support standardisation in how these procedures are both taught and assessed. It is hoped that this compendium will be useful for others teaching, and learning, how to carry out these 13 essential procedural skills. non-peer-reviewed

Published
2022

23. Development of a core descriptor set for Crohn's anal fistula

Author

Lee M. J., Williams K. M., Lamidi S., Coe P. O., Bordeianou L. G., Hart A. L., Hind D., Lindsay J. O., Lobo A. J., Myrelid P., Raine T., Sebastian S., Fearnhead N. S., Adams K., Almer S., Ananthakrishnan A., Bethune R. M., Block M., Brown S. R., Cirocco W. C., Cooney R., Davies J., Atici S. D., Dhar A., Din S., Drobne D., Espin-Basany E., Evans J. P., Fleshner P. R., Folkesson J., Fraser A., Graf W., Hahnloser D., Hager J., Hancock L., Hanzel J., Hargest R., Hedin C. R. H., Hill J., Ihle C., Jongen J., Kader R., Karmiris K., Katsanos K. H., Keller D. S., Kopylov U., Koutrabakis I. E., Lamb C. A., Landerholm K., Lee G. C., Litta F., Limdi J. K., Lopes E. W., Madoff R. D., Martin S. T., Martin-Perez B., Michalopoulos G., Millan M., Munch A., Nakov R., Noor N. M., Oresland T., Paquette I. M., Pellino G., Perra T., Porcu A., Roslani A. C., Samaan M. A., Sebepos-Rogers G. M., Segal J. P., de Silva S., Soderholm M., Spinelli A., Speight A., Steinhagen R. M., Stenstrom P., Tsimogiannis K. E., Varma M. G., Verma A. M., Verstockt B., Warden C., Yassin N., Zawadzki A., Carr P., Devlin B., Mannick S., Avery P., Gecse K. B., Goren I., Hellstrom P. M., Kotze P. G., McWhirter D., Naik A. S., Sammour T., Selinger C. P., Stein S. L., Torres J., Wexner S. D., Younge L. C., Lee, M. J., Williams, K. M., Lamidi, S., Coe, P. O., Bordeianou, L. G., Hart, A. L., Hind, D., Lindsay, J. O., Lobo, A. J., Myrelid, P., Raine, T., Sebastian, S., Fearnhead, N. S., Adams, K., Almer, S., Ananthakrishnan, A., Bethune, R. M., Block, M., Brown, S. R., Cirocco, W. C., Cooney, R., Davies, J., Atici, S. D., Dhar, A., Din, S., Drobne, D., Espin-Basany, E., Evans, J. P., Fleshner, P. R., Folkesson, J., Fraser, A., Graf, W., Hahnloser, D., Hager, J., Hancock, L., Hanzel, J., Hargest, R., Hedin, C. R. H., Hill, J., Ihle, C., Jongen, J., Kader, R., Karmiris, K., Katsanos, K. H., Keller, D. S., Kopylov, U., Koutrabakis, I. E., Lamb, C. A., Landerholm, K., Lee, G. C., Litta, F., Limdi, J. K., Lopes, E. W., Madoff, R. D., Martin, S. T., Martin-Perez, B., Michalopoulos, G., Millan, M., Munch, A., Nakov, R., Noor, N. M., Oresland, T., Paquette, I. M., Pellino, G., Perra, T., Porcu, A., Roslani, A. C., Samaan, M. A., Sebepos-Rogers, G. M., Segal, J. P., de Silva, S., Soderholm, M., Spinelli, A., Speight, A., Steinhagen, R. M., Stenstrom, P., Tsimogiannis, K. E., Varma, M. G., Verma, A. M., Verstockt, B., Warden, C., Yassin, N., Zawadzki, A., Carr, P., Devlin, B., Mannick, S., Avery, P., Gecse, K. B., Goren, I., Hellstrom, P. M., Kotze, P. G., Mcwhirter, D., Naik, A. S., Sammour, T., Selinger, C. P., Stein, S. L., Torres, J., Wexner, S. D., Younge, L. C., Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism

Subjects
Crohn's disease, anal fistula, consensus, methodology, Gastroenterologi, Gastroenterology, consensu, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Abstract

Aim: Crohn's anal fistula (CAF) is a complex condition, with no agreement on which patient characteristics should be routinely reported in studies. The aim of this study was to develop a core descriptor set of key patient characteristics for reporting in all CAF research.Method: Candidate descriptors were generated from published literature and stakeholder suggestions. Colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists and specialist nurses in inflammatory bowel disease took part in three rounds of an international modified Delphi process using nine-point Likert scales to rank the importance of descriptors. Feedback was provided between rounds to allow refinement of the next ratings. Patterns in descriptor voting were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Resulting PCA groups were used to organize items in rounds two and three. Consensus descriptors were submitted to a patient panel for feedback. Items meeting predetermined thresholds were included in the final set and ratified at the consensus meeting.Results: One hundred and thirty three respondents from 22 countries completed round one, of whom 67.0% completed round three. Ninety seven descriptors were rated across three rounds in 11 PCA-based groups. Forty descriptors were shortlisted. The consensus meeting ratified a core descriptor set of 37 descriptors within six domains: fistula anatomy, current disease activity and phenotype, risk factors, medical interventions for CAF, surgical interventions for CAF, and patient symptoms and impact on quality of life.Conclusion: The core descriptor set proposed for all future CAF research reflects characteristics important to gastroenterologists and surgeons. This might aid transparent reporting in future studies.

Published
2022
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27. DOP068 The virtual electronic chromoendoscopy score in ulcerative colitis exhibits very good inter-rater agreement in scoring mucosal and vascular changes after computerised module training: a study across academic and community practice

Author

Trivedi, P., Hodson, J., Bhala, N., Cooney, R., Boulton, R., Gui, X., Iqbal, T., Li, K.-k., Mumtaz, S., Pathmakanthan, S., Quraishi, M.N., Sagar, V.M., Shah, A., Sharma, N., Siau, K., Smith, S., Ward, S., Widlak, M.M., Ghosh, S., and Iacucci, M.

Published
2017
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28. A Multicenter Study of Patient Acceptability of the IBD Disk Tool and Patient-Reported Disabilities

Author

Sharma, N., Savelkoul, E.H.J., Disney, B., Shah, A., Silva, S., Pattni, S., Iacucci, M., Cooney, R., Ghosh, Subrata, Sharma, N., Savelkoul, E.H.J., Disney, B., Shah, A., Silva, S., Pattni, S., Iacucci, M., Cooney, R., and Ghosh, Subrata

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: IBD, both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated with significant functional disability. Gastrointestinal symptoms alone are not the sole purpose of the interaction between patients and providers. In order to ascertain patients' disabilities, we utilized the recently developed IBD Disk to help determine their functional concerns and initiate relevant conversation. We aimed to ascertain patient acceptability and their major disabilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this multicenter study, IBD patients at their outpatient visit were given the paper version of the IBD Disk. Patients were asked to score their level of disability for each item of the IBD Disk. The completed scores were then shared with their healthcare provider to act as a focus of discussion during the consultation. Patients and clinicians were also asked to provide informal qualitative feedback as to the benefits of the IBD Disk and areas for improvement. RESULTS: A total of 377 (female 60%) patients completed the questionnaires over the study period. Patient acceptability scored on a 0-10 Likert scale was excellent. All patients scored all domains of disability. Sleep, energy, and joint pain were the highest scoring domains of the IBD Disk, scoring higher than digestive symptoms. Clinicians and patients agreed that the IBD Disk allowed for ease of communication about disability symptoms and relevance to their day-to-day functioning. CONCLUSION: The IBD Disk is a novel easy-to-use tool to assess the functional disability of patients. We next plan to utilize it in the form of an electronic app internationally and in relation to treatment commencement and escalation.

Published
2022

39. OP03 Anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody responses are attenuated in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease treated with infliximab

Author

Kennedy, N A, primary, Goodhand, J, additional, Bewshea, C, additional, Nice, R, additional, Chee, D, additional, Lin, S, additional, Chanchlani, N, additional, Butterworth, J, additional, Cooney, R, additional, Croft, N, additional, Hart, A, additional, Irving, P, additional, Kok, K, additional, Lamb, C, additional, Limdi, J, additional, MacDonald, J, additional, McGovern, D, additional, Mehta, S, additional, Murray, C, additional, Patel, K, additional, Pollok, R, additional, Raine, T, additional, Russell, R, additional, Selinger, C, additional, Smith, P, additional, Bowden, J, additional, McDonald, T, additional, Lees, C, additional, Sebastian, S, additional, Powell, N, additional, and Ahmad, T, additional

Published
2021
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41. Improving Kangaroo Management: A Joint Statement

Author

Read, JL, Wilson, GR, Coulson, G, Cooney, R, Paton, DC, Moseby, KE, Snape, MA, Edwards, MJ, Read, JL, Wilson, GR, Coulson, G, Cooney, R, Paton, DC, Moseby, KE, Snape, MA, and Edwards, MJ

Abstract

Summary This Statement on improving kangaroo management originates from the shared experience of many peak bodies and stakeholders that existing policy and practices related to kangaroo management cause perverse outcomes for animal welfare, conservation, productivity, waste, drought resilience, climate, and the health, culture and wellbeing of Australians. The Statement was developed in consultation with delegates from two kangaroo symposia in 2019, and broadened through contributions from other ecological, Aboriginal, animal welfare and conservation stakeholders who believe reform is necessary. Positive change across all these domains requires an empathetic, science‐based collaborative and coordinated approach to improve management of kangaroos in Australia, which in turn requires building a broad social mandate for reform. This manuscript presents the drivers and definitions for the Statement and key references documenting the causes and recommended solutions for improving kangaroo management, including many of the papers in this volume. An extensive inventory of conservation, agricultural, animal welfare, indigenous and scientific organisations that have endorsed the Statement is provided. We aim to inform public opinions and drive necessary change to policy, attitude and actions to appropriately value, conserve and utilise kangaroos where there is a tendency for overpopulation. Recommendations include development of a National Kangaroo Strategy that includes discussion on whether overabundant kangaroos are a legitimate sustainable resource that should be managed as such rather than being largely wasted as the by‐product of pest control to protect other industries or conservation landuses.

Published
2021

42. Impact of the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) antenatal care and outcomes of pregnancies in women with IBD

Author

Selinger, CP, Fraser, A, Collins, P, Gunn, M, Chew, TS, Kerry, G, Patel, K, Roysam, M, Kok, KB, Bancil, A, Hall, V, Cooney, R, Smith, L, Steed, H, Segal, J, Kent, A, Limdi, J, Sebastian, S, Selinger, CP, Fraser, A, Collins, P, Gunn, M, Chew, TS, Kerry, G, Patel, K, Roysam, M, Kok, KB, Bancil, A, Hall, V, Cooney, R, Smith, L, Steed, H, Segal, J, Kent, A, Limdi, J, and Sebastian, S

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID-19 on pregnant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is currently unknown. Reconfiguration of services during the pandemic may negatively affect medical and obstetric care. We aimed to examine the impacts on IBD antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective data were recorded in consecutive patients attending for IBD antenatal care including outpatient appointments, infusion unit visits and advice line encounters. RESULTS: We included 244 pregnant women with IBD, of which 75 (30.7%) were on biologics in whom the treatment was stopped in 29.3% at a median 28 weeks gestation. In addition, 9% of patients were on corticosteroids and 21.5% continued on thiopurines. The care provided during 460 patient encounters was not affected by the pandemic in 94.1% but 68.2% were performed via telephone (compared with 3% prepandemic practice; p<0.0001). One-hundred-ten women delivered 111 alive babies (mean 38.2 weeks gestation, mean birth weight 3324 g) with 12 (11.0%) giving birth before week 37. Birth occurred by vaginal delivery in 72 (56.4%) and by caesarean section in 48 (43.6%) cases. Thirty-three were elective (12 for IBD indications) and 15 emergency caesarean sections. Breast feeding rates were low (38.6%). Among 244 pregnant women with IBD, 1 suspected COVID-19 infection was recorded. CONCLUSION: IBD antenatal care adjustments during the COVID-19 pandemic have not negatively affected patient care. Despite high levels of immunosuppression, only a single COVID-19 infection occurred. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were infrequent.

Published
2021

49. OC.14.3 FLAMINGO SET FOR THE ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BURIED BUMPER SYNDROME: MULTICENTRE, RETROSPECTIVE, COHORT STUDY

Author

Costa, D., primary, Despott, E.J., additional, Woodward, J., additional, Kohout, P., additional, Rath, T., additional, Scovell, L., additional, Gee, I., additional, Hindryckx, P., additional, Forrest, E., additional, Jordan, D., additional, Hollywood, C., additional, Hearing, S., additional, Mohammed, I., additional, Cooney, R., additional, Sharma, H., additional, Zieno, Z., additional, Gooding, I., additional, Lazaridis, N., additional, Coppo, C., additional, Koukias, N., additional, and Murino, A., additional

Published
2020
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