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359 results on '"Coomes, Oliver"'

24. Livelihoods and poverty in small‐scale fisheries in western Amazonia.

Author

Poissant, David, Coomes, Oliver T., Robinson, Brian E., Takasaki, Yoshito, and Abizaid, Christian

Subjects
*SMALL-scale fisheries, *GROSS income, *FISH conservation, *FISHERY management, *HOUSEHOLD surveys, *MARINE parks & reserves, *JOB involvement
Abstract

Small‐scale fisheries are vital to millions of rural people, but surprisingly little is known about the environmental and socio‐economic factors that guide rural peoples' decisions to adopt a fishery‐oriented livelihood. We analyzed data from a large‐scale household survey of 3929 households in 235 rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon to develop multi‐scalar quantitative models to explain engagement in fishing and the relationship between fishing livelihoods and poverty. Households harvested an average of 1000 kg of fish and sold 450 kg over the 12 months preceding interviews. The mean total annual income was 3119 USD per household and fishing contributed 27% to total income. Access to extensive floodplain habitat, geographical isolation, and an available workforce were important drivers of fishing activity, while poor market connectivity and limited financial capital restricted households from increasing the scale of market‐oriented fishing. Wealthier households generally harvested more fish, whereas reliance on fisheries was greatest among poorer households who harvested less fish. Fisheries management and conservation initiatives in developing regions must consider the distinct drivers of fishing specialization across the full wealth spectrum with particular attention to "high reliance‐high harvest" households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Drivers and consequences of archetypical shifting cultivation transitions

Author

Martin, Dominic A., Llopis, Jorge C., Raveloaritiana, Estelle, Coomes, Oliver T., Andriamihaja, O. Ravaka, Bruun, Thilde Bech, Heinimann, Andreas, Mertz, Ole, Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy, Zaehringer, Julie G., Martin, Dominic A., Llopis, Jorge C., Raveloaritiana, Estelle, Coomes, Oliver T., Andriamihaja, O. Ravaka, Bruun, Thilde Bech, Heinimann, Andreas, Mertz, Ole, Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy, and Zaehringer, Julie G.

Abstract

1. Shifting cultivation remains an important land system in many tropical landscapes, but transitions away from shifting cultivation are increasingly common. So far, our knowledge on the social–economic and environmental drivers and consequences of such shifting cultivation transitions is incomplete, focusing on certain transitions, drivers, consequences or regions. 2. Here, we use an archetype approach, validated through systematically identified literature, to describe eight archetypes encompassing the transitions from shifting cultivation to (1) perennial plantation crops, (2) permanent agroforestry, (3) regrown secondary forest, (4) permanent non-perennial crops, (5) pasture, (6) wood plantation, (7) non-cultivated non-forested land and (8) restored secondary forest (ordered in decreasing prevalence). 3. We then discuss social–economic and environmental factors favouring and disfavouring each archetype. This reveals that higher expected land rents, resulting from increased market access, crop price surges, secure land tenure and state interventions, are the main drivers of archetypical transitions to perennial plantation crops, permanent agroforestry, permanent non-perennial crops and wood plantation. The prioritisation of other activities, both on- and off-farm, favours transitions to regrown secondary forest and non-cultivated non-forested land, depending on plot-level environmental conditions. Active forest restoration is typically implemented through state or NGO interventions. 4. Turning to the consequences of archetypical transitions for biodiversity, the environment and livelihoods, we find that positive environmental outcomes prevail for transitions to permanent agroforestry, regrown secondary forest and restored secondary forest. Negative environmental outcomes dominate for four typically economically profitable transitions to perennial plantation crops, permanent non-perennial crops, pasture and wood plantation. Non-income-related social–ec

Published
2023

34. Tropical forest environments provide insurance against COVID-19.

Author

Yoshito Takasaki, Coomes, Oliver T., and Abizaid, Christian

Subjects
*TROPICAL forests, *COVID-19 pandemic, *NON-timber forest products, *COVID-19, *FOREST conservation, *RURAL poor
Abstract

Research prior to the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the rural poor often turn to wild resources to cope with adverse shocks. We report on the first study addressing natural insurance against health shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on riverine communities without road access in the Peruvian Amazon. We consider the most devastating shock people may experience, the death of a close family member. Using data from an in-person survey of almost 4000 households in 235 randomly selected communities before the pandemic as baseline, we conducted telephone surveys with over 400 communities during the early phase of the pandemic. We found that before the pandemic, forest peoples relied on game and non-timber forest products to cope with mortality, whether in their own household or their community. Once COVID-19 arrived, people reduced their reliance on hunting and resorted instead to fishing. These patterns were differentiated by gender and indigeneity. Tropical forest environments, which include also aquatic habitat, provide vital insurance against mortality, but just how may be altered during a pandemic. These novel findings have important implications for research and policies on forest conservation and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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35. Drivers and consequences of archetypical shifting cultivation transitions

Author

Martin, Dominic A., primary, Llopis, Jorge C., additional, Raveloaritiana, Estelle, additional, Coomes, Oliver T., additional, Andriamihaja, O. Ravaka, additional, Bruun, Thilde Bech, additional, Heinimann, Andreas, additional, Mertz, Ole, additional, Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy, additional, and Zaehringer, Julie G., additional

Published
2023
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40. Conclusion: en route…but which way?

Author

Hubert, Bernard, Coudel, Emilie, Coomes, Oliver T., Soulard, Christophe T., Faure, Guy, Devautour, Hubert, Coudel, E., editor, Devautour, H., editor, Soulard, C. T., editor, Faure, G., editor, and Hubert, B., editor

Published
2013
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43. Multiple Impacts of Land-Use/Cover Change

Author

Chhabra, Abha, Geist, Helmut, Houghton, Richard A., Haberl, Helmut, Braimoh, Ademola K., Vlek, Paul L. G., Patz, Jonathan, Xu, Jianchu, Ramankutty, Navin, Coomes, Oliver, Lambin, Eric F., Lambin, Eric F., editor, and Geist, Helmut, editor

Published
2006
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