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3. Contributors

Author

Abelson, Jennifer, primary, Aboutanos, Michel B., additional, Abraham, Peter J., additional, Abualruz, Abdul Rahman, additional, Agarwal, Suresh, additional, Agrawal, Devendra K., additional, Alverdy, John C., additional, Aly, Ahmed, additional, Amato, Stas, additional, Anstadt, Michael J., additional, Asensio, Juan A., additional, Avery, Martin, additional, Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional, Barie, Philip S., additional, Becker, Tyson, additional, Beckerman, Daniel, additional, Bedrick, Edward J., additional, Benson, Jamie, additional, Berne, John D., additional, Berry, Cherisse, additional, Berry, Stepheny, additional, Bhat, Sneha G., additional, Bowie, Jason M., additional, Bowyer, Mark W., additional, Bozeman, Matthew C., additional, Bradley, Matthew, additional, Brakenridge, Scott, additional, Brandes, Steven B., additional, Brenner, Megan, additional, Britt, L.D., additional, Brown, Carlos V., additional, Brown, Ian E., additional, Brown, J. Christian, additional, Brown, Tommy, additional, Buckman, Robert F., additional, Burlew, Clay Cothren, additional, Byers, Patricia M., additional, Caban, Kim M., additional, Cancio, Leopoldo C., additional, Cannon, Jeremy W., additional, Cantlie, Shawn M., additional, Carroll, Eben A., additional, Champion, Howard R., additional, Childs, Ed W., additional, Chiu, William C., additional, Christmas, A. Britton, additional, Cioffi, William G., additional, Cocanour, Christine S., additional, Cohen, Mitchell J., additional, Coimbra, Raul, additional, Cook, Alan, additional, Cornell, David L., additional, Cotton, Bryan A., additional, Couture, Daniel E., additional, Cox, Thomas B., additional, Cristancho, Luis Alfonso Bustamante, additional, Croce, Martin A., additional, Croft, Chasen A., additional, Cubano, Miguel A., additional, Dabestani, Parinaz J., additional, Danton, Gary H., additional, Davis, Christopher S., additional, Davis, Kimberly, additional, de Moya, Marc A., additional, Desai, Urmen, additional, Destiné, Henson, additional, Diebel, Lawrence N., additional, Doucet, Jay J., additional, DuBose, Joseph J., additional, Dubov, Wayne E., additional, Duchesne, Juan C., additional, Durham, Rodney M., additional, Durso, Anthony M., additional, Eastridge, Brian, additional, Efron, David T., additional, Efron, Philip A., additional, Elster, Eric, additional, Esposito, Thomas J., additional, Fakhry, Samir M., additional, Feliciano, David V., additional, Fernandez, Carlos, additional, Fernandez-Moure, Joseph S., additional, Fernández, Luis G., additional, Fiorentino, Michele, additional, Firstenberg, Michael S., additional, Flint, Lewis M., additional, Fredericks, Charles J., additional, Fry, Donald E., additional, Galán, Ricardo, additional, Galante, Joseph M., additional, Galvagno, Samuel M., additional, Garcia, Ana Maria, additional, García, Erwin Rodriguez, additional, García-Núñez, Col Luis Manuel, additional, Gentilello, Larry M., additional, Ghanta, Ravi K., additional, Gigena, Alejandro, additional, Gilani, Ramyar, additional, Glance, Laurent G., additional, Goldman, Matthew, additional, Gonzalez, Ernest A., additional, Gonzalez, Richard P., additional, Grabo, Daniel, additional, Gross, Ronald I., additional, Gummadi, Sriharsha, additional, Guerrero, Whitney M., additional, Gunter, Oliver L., additional, Gurney, Jennifer M., additional, Gutiérrez, Jorge A., additional, Hall, Chad, additional, Hauser, Carl J., additional, Henry, Sharon, additional, Hirshberg, Ashen, additional, Holcomb, John B., additional, Hosmer, David, additional, Hoth, J. Jason, additional, Gomez, Tatiana Hoyos, additional, Hoyt, David B., additional, Humphries, Ashley, additional, Iyengar, Rahul, additional, Jawa, Randeep S., additional, Jessie, Elliot, additional, Johannigman, Jay, additional, Aquino Jose, Victor M., additional, Jurkovich, Gregory J., additional, Kalamchi, Louay, additional, Kapil, Aditi M., additional, Karmy-Jones, Riyad, additional, Kasotakis, George, additional, Kelley, Kathryn C., additional, Keskey, Robert, additional, Kessler, John J., additional, Kim, Dennis Y., additional, Kiraly, Laszlo, additional, Kirton, Orlando C., additional, Kotaru, Tharun R., additional, Kunac, Anastasia, additional, Kwolek, Kinga, additional, Lallemand, Michael S., additional, Ledgerwood, Anna M., additional, Lee, Amanda, additional, Leeper, Christine M., additional, Li, Zhongyu, additional, Libby, Matthew, additional, Lim, Robert B., additional, Liveris, Anna, additional, Livingston, David H., additional, Lobb, Jennifer, additional, Loftus, Tyler J., additional, Lucas, Charles E., additional, Luchette, Fred A., additional, Lundeberg, Megan R., additional, Mackersie, Robert C., additional, Mackey, Kevin E., additional, Magnotti, Louis J., additional, Mah, John W., additional, Maldonado, William Sánchez, additional, Malhotra, Ajai K., additional, Malone, Debra L., additional, Marini, Corrado P., additional, Martin, Matthew J., additional, Marttos, Antonio C., additional, Martyak, Michael T., additional, Mathew, Prakash J., additional, Mattox, Kenneth L., additional, Mayberry, John C., additional, Mazzini, Federico N., additional, McNelis, John, additional, Meallet, Mario A., additional, Meerkov, Meir B.L., additional, Meizoso, Jonathan P., additional, Meredith, J. Wayne, additional, Michetti, Christopher P., additional, Miljkovic, Stephanie S., additional, Miller, Keith R., additional, Miller, Preston R., additional, Minei, Joseph P., additional, Mitchell, Frank L., additional, Moas, Victor M., additional, Mohr, Alicia M., additional, Molnar, Joseph A., additional, Moore, Ernest E., additional, Moore, Frederick A., additional, Moutinho, Manuel, additional, Moysidis, Stavros, additional, Munera, Felipe, additional, Naiditch, Jessica A., additional, Napolitano, Lena M., additional, Narayan, Mayur, additional, Nash, Nicholas A., additional, Nicholson, Kristina J., additional, Nicholson, Susannah, additional, Norwood, Scott H., additional, Nunn, Andrew M., additional, O’Shea, Anne, additional, Osler, Turner M., additional, Pachter, H. Leon, additional, Paladino, Lorenzo, additional, Panthaki, Zubin Jal, additional, Parikh, Manish, additional, Pasquale, Michael D., additional, Patel, Purvi P., additional, Peitzman, Andrew B., additional, Peralta, Ruben, additional, Perez-Alonso, Alejandro J., additional, Pestana, Ivo A., additional, Petrone, Patrizio, additional, Pierre, Edgar J., additional, Pilson, Holly, additional, Polk, Travis, additional, Puyana, Juan Carlos, additional, Quintana, David, additional, Rai, Vikrant, additional, Rajasingh, Charlotte, additional, Ranney, Stephen, additional, Reisbig, Mark D., additional, Reiser, Bibiana Jin, additional, Remick, Kyle N., additional, Rhee, Peter, additional, Rich, Norman M., additional, Richardson, J. David, additional, Richart, Charles M., additional, Rivas, Luis A., additional, Robles, Anamaria J., additional, Rodriguez, Aurelio, additional, Rosengart, Matthew, additional, Rosenthal, Martin D., additional, Rotondo, Michael F., additional, Rowe, Vincent L., additional, Rubano, Jerry A., additional, Rubiano, Andrés M., additional, Ruggero, John M., additional, Rushing, Amy, additional, Salim, Ali, additional, Saillant, Noelle Nugent, additional, Sally, Mitchell B., additional, Salsamendi, Jason, additional, Sanford, Arthur P., additional, Savetamal, Alisa, additional, Scalea, Thomas M., additional, Schecter, William, additional, Schipper, Paul H., additional, Schreiber, Martin A., additional, Schroll, Rebecca W., additional, Schulingkamp, Danielle, additional, Schulman, Carl I., additional, Schulz, John T., additional, Shackelford, Stacy A., additional, Shadis, Ryan, additional, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, Shatz, David V., additional, Shiroff, Adam M., additional, Sicard, Gregorio, additional, Sifri, Ziad C., additional, Sing, Ronald F., additional, Sisley, Amy, additional, Smith, Brian P., additional, Smith, R. Stephen, additional, Singares, Eduardo Smith, additional, Sola, Richard, additional, Spain, David A., additional, Spencer, Audrey L., additional, Stavas, Joseph, additional, Stawicki, Stanislaw P., additional, Stein, Deborah M., additional, Stewart, Nakosi, additional, Stirparo, Joseph J., additional, Strong, Bethany L., additional, Sukumar, Mithran S., additional, Tadlock, Matthew D., additional, Taylor, John R., additional, Thaller, Seth R., additional, Thomas, Bradley W., additional, Thompson, Ashley M., additional, Tieu, Brandon H., additional, Tillou, Areti, additional, Tinkoff, Glen H., additional, Tisherman, Samuel A., additional, Todd, S. Rob, additional, Tominaga, Gail T., additional, Trammell, Amy Phillips, additional, Trunkey, Donald D., additional, Tuggle, David, additional, Upchurch, Gilbert R., additional, Van, Philbert, additional, VanDerHeyden, Nicole, additional, Vanzant, Erin L., additional, Wall, Matthew J., additional, Wenzl, Florian A., additional, Whitlow, Christopher T., additional, Wiegand, Lucas R., additional, Williams, Timothy K., additional, Wilson, Jonathan L., additional, Yeh, D. Dante, additional, Youngblood, Charles F., additional, and Zhang, Wei, additional

Published
2024
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9. Sherborne Old Castle, Dorset: Archaeological Investigations 1930–90

Author

White, Peter and Cook, Alan

Subjects
castle, archaeological investigation, sherborne, antiquarian, dorset, walter ralegh, roger bishop of salisbury, digbys of sherbourne, Ashlar, Curtain wall (fortification), Gatehouse, Keep, Pottery, bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AM Architecture::AMK Residential buildings, domestic buildings::AMKL Castles & fortifications, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology
Abstract

Sherborne Old Castle was built in Dorset in about 1122–35. The fortified palace was one of several major building projects undertaken by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury. Although Sherborne Old Castle was altered over the next four centuries, most of its original structural elements were retained until the buildings were slighted during the English Civil War. This report describes and analyses the information obtained from all the archaeological investigations undertaken at the castle since the early twentieth century, including those of A E Rawlence (1932), C E Bean (1932–54), and the authors of this report, Peter White, then Inspector of Ancient Monuments, between 1968 and 1980, and the late Alan Cook (1980–95). An analysis of the results, together with continuing historical research, have revealed much more about the major periods of the castle’s construction and use. It is now possible to describe and source in more detail the sophisticated design of Roger’s castle and the high quality of the craftsmanship employed in its construction and decoration; the later phases of development during the medieval period, including the improvements to the castle’s defences and accommodation when held by the Crown between 1183 and 1354; the post-1357 alterations after the castle had been re-taken by Bishop Wyvil of Salisbury; and the important fifteenth-century building programme carried out by Bishop Thomas Langton. A much clearer assessment has also been made of the impact of the works undertaken by Sir Walter Raleigh in his abortive attempt to remodel the castle as his country seat after he obtained the estate in 1592. Finally, although much of the fabric of the castle was destroyed following its surrender to a Parliamentary army in 1645, new documentary evidence and structural analysis has revealed how, during the eighteenth century, the Digby family developed and maintained the ruins as a romantic feature on the northern boundary of their landscaped park.

Published
2015
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11. A Criteria to Reduce Interhospital Transfer of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Greater East Texas.

Author

Murry, Jason, Cook, Alan D., Swindall, Rebecca J., Kanazawa, Hirofumi, Wadle, Carly R., Mohiuddin, Musharaf, Nalbach, Stephen V., Le, Tuan D., Pero, Brandi N., and Norwood, Scott H.

Subjects
*BRAIN injuries, *PROPORTIONAL hazards models, *NEUROSURGERY, *TRAUMA centers, *REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to single-level falls (SLF) are frequent and often require interhospital transfer. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the safety of a criteria for non-transfer among a subset of TBI patients who could be observed at their local hospital, vs mandatory transfer to a level 1 trauma center (L1TC). Methods: We conducted a 7-year review of patients with TBI due to SLF at a rural L1TC. Patients were classified as transfer/non-transfer according to the Brain Injuries in Greater East Texas (BIGTEX) criteria. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of a critical event defined as deteriorating repeat head computed tomography (CT) scan or neurological status, neurosurgical intervention, or death. Results: Of the 689 included patients, 63 (9.1%) were classified as non-transfer. Although there were 4 cases with a neurological change and one with a head CT change among the non-transfer group, there were no neurosurgical procedures or deaths. The Cox Proportional Hazard model showed a near 3-fold increased risk of experiencing a critical event if classified as a non-transfer. The multivariable regression model showed patients with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of 3 was twice as likely to experience a critical event, with an AIS of 4, three times, and 3 times more likely to be classified to transfer. Discussion: The BIGTEX criteria identify a subset of patients who can safely be observed at their local hospital. To confirm the safety and efficacy of this transfer criteria recommendation, a prospective study is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Does Trauma Center Volume Matter? An Analysis of Trauma Center Volume on Outcome Using the TQIP/NTDB Database.

Author

Cook, Alan, Larson, Nicholas J., Altamirano, Heidi M., Ray, Brittany, Pero, Brandi, Mohiuddin, Musharaf, Swindall, Rebecca, Wadle, Carly, Dries, David J., Blondeau, Benoit, and Rogers, Frederick

Subjects
*HOSPITAL mortality, *TRAUMA centers, *INTENSIVE care units, *BANKING industry, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge
Abstract

Background: Increasing trauma center admission volume is said to decrease mortality. Evidence supporting this position is dependent upon patient groups and the time period studied, and gaps remain. We evaluated the effect of annual volume of critically injured patients on hospital mortality, comparing two time periods. The effect of critically injured patient volume on risk-adjusted mortality was hypothesized to decrease over time. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing data from an early group (2007–2011) and late group (2017–2021) of the National Trauma Data Bank. Critically injured adults (ISS > 15) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or operating room from the emergency department at Level I and II trauma centers were included. The outcome of interest was risk-adjusted mortality across quintiles of patient admission volume, modeled using mixed-effects generalized linear models. Results: In total, 802,824 patients were included, 321,209 and 481,615 in the early and late groups, respectively. In the early group, increased patient volume was associated with a decreased risk-adjusted odds of mortality. This association was not seen in the late group. The overall odds of mortality in the late group demonstrated decreased mortality over time (OR 0.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The annual volume of critically injured patients was associated with decreased odds of hospital mortality during 2007–2011, though this effect was no longer present in the 2017–2021 sample. The continued dissemination of the best practices is warranted to decrease mortality, regardless of the admission volume of critically injured patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Falls in a Multiethnic Cohort of Postmenopausal Women

Author

Follis, Shawna, Cook, Alan, Bea, Jennifer W, Going, Scott B, Laddu, Deepika, Cauley, Jane A, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Stefanick, Marcia L, and Chen, Zhao

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Reproductive Medicine, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Prevention, Aging, Obesity, Absorptiometry, Photon, Accidental Falls, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Bone Density, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Postmenopause, Prospective Studies, Racial Groups, Sarcopenia, United States, falls, obesity, race, sarcopenia, Women's Health Initiative, Medical and Health Sciences, Geriatrics, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract

ObjectivesTo investigate associations between sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity and incidence of falls in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of healthy postmenopausal women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThree Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical centers (Tucson-Phoenix, AZ; Pittsburgh, PA; Birmingham, AL).ParticipantsPostmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 enrolled in the WHI who underwent bone and body composition scans using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline (N = 11,020).MeasurementsSarcopenia was defined as the lowest 20th percentile of appendicular lean mass, correcting for height and body fat. Obesity was defined as a body fat percentage greater than 42%. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as co-occurrence of sarcopenia and obesity. The fall outcome was defined as falling 2 or more times in any year during 7 years of follow-up. The risk of falls associated with sarcopenic obesity were analyzed using log binomial regression models stratified according to age and race/ethnicity.ResultsSarcopenic obesity was associated with greater risk of falls in women aged 50 to 64 (relative risk (RR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.17-1.56) and 65 to 79 (RR = 1.21, 95% CI=1.05-1.39). Sarcopenic obesity related fall risk was higher in Hispanic women (RR = 2.40, 95% CI=1.56-3.67) than non-Hispanic white women (RR = 1.24, 95% CI=1.11-1.39).ConclusionIn a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women, sarcopenic obesity-related fall risk was high in women younger than 65 and those age 65 and older. Sarcopenic obesity posed the highest risk for falls in Hispanic women. The findings support identification of causal factors and health disparities in sarcopenic obesity to customize fall prevention strategies and ameliorate this significant public health burden. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2314-2320, 2018.

Published
2018

33. The effects of acute and chronic applications of kainic acid to the rodent hippocampus

Author

Cook, Alan

Subjects
612, Kainate
Abstract

Kainic acid is an excitotoxin in mammalian brain. Here the mechanisms underlying the physiological versus the pathological effects of kainate (KA) were compared. The acute effects were studied on rat hippocampal slices, and the chronic effects in mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (over the course of 7 days). Two approaches were used: First, in acute hippocampal slices, receptor selective drugs were used to determine the receptor subtypes involved in the response to KA (15-30 minutes) using simultaneous recordings of evoked field potentials from the stratum pyramidale and s. radiatum of CA1. The role of CA3 in driving the response in CA1 was determined by repeating these experiments following excision of the CA3. Second in organotypic mouse hippocampal slice cultures the response to longer applications of KA (2 - 24 hours) was determined using evoked field potential recordings from the s. pyramidale to either CA1 or CA3. Acute applications of KA reduced the EPSP slopes, initially increased and then related the population spike amplitudes (PSA) and decreased the paired-pulse inhibition. The underlying mechanisms for these effects could be either presynaptic, postsynaptic or a combination of both. For example, KA may decrease EPSP slope via GluR6 containing receptors on CA1 pyramidal cells, or by presynaptic inhibition at Schaffer collateral terminals via GluR5 containing receptors. Pharmacological evidence supports the latter, as the GluR5 selective agonist ATPA mimicked this effect of KA, and it was not blocked by the GluR6 antagonist NS102. A further possibility is that KA may activate GABAergic interneurones via GluR5 containing receptors and this could also result in a decreased EPSP slope. However, concomitant with the decreased EPSP slope KA also increased population spike amplitude (PSA) and decreased paired-pulse inhibition (PPI), arguing against the involvement of GABA. CA3 was not required for these effects of KA.

Published
2003

34. A Novel Rabbit Model of Retained Hemothorax with Pleural Organization.

Author

De Vera, Christian J., Emerine, Rebekah L., Girard, René A., Sarva, Krishna, Jacob, Jincy, Azghani, Ali O., Florence, Jon M., Cook, Alan, Norwood, Scott, Singh, Karan P., Komissarov, Andrey A., Florova, Galina, and Idell, Steven

Subjects
HEMOTHORAX, RABBITS, THROMBOLYTIC therapy, CHEST tubes, DRUG therapy
Abstract

Retained hemothorax (RH) is a commonly encountered and potentially severe complication of intrapleural bleeding that can organize with lung restriction. Early surgical intervention and intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy have been advocated. However, the lack of a reliable, cost-effective model amenable to interventional testing has hampered our understanding of the role of pharmacological interventions in RH management. Here, we report the development of a new RH model in rabbits. RH was induced by sequential administration of up to three doses of recalcified citrated homologous rabbit donor blood plus thrombin via a chest tube. RH at 4, 7, and 10 days post-induction (RH4, RH7, and RH10, respectively) was characterized by clot retention, intrapleural organization, and increased pleural rind, similar to that of clinical RH. Clinical imaging techniques such as ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) revealed the dynamic formation and resorption of intrapleural clots over time and the resulting lung restriction. RH7 and RH10 were evaluated in young (3 mo) animals of both sexes. The RH7 recapitulated the most clinically relevant RH attributes; therefore, we used this model further to evaluate the effect of age on RH development. Sanguineous pleural fluids (PFs) in the model were generally small and variably detected among different models. The rabbit model PFs exhibited a proinflammatory response reminiscent of human hemothorax PFs. Overall, RH7 results in the consistent formation of durable intrapleural clots, pleural adhesions, pleural thickening, and lung restriction. Protracted chest tube placement over 7 d was achieved, enabling direct intrapleural access for sampling and treatment. The model, particularly RH7, is amenable to testing new intrapleural pharmacologic interventions, including iterations of currently used empirically dosed agents or new candidates designed to safely and more effectively clear RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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