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WICKSTEN, MARY K., CONWAY, KEVIN W. (2023): MARY K. WICKSTEN & KEVIN W. CONWAY (2023) The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura) Zootaxa, 5284 (1): 167-176. Zootaxa 5306 (5): 600-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.5.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.5.9

Heteroptychus galapagos Baba & Wicksten, 2020 Heteroptychus galapagos was described from a single specimen taken at East Darwin Seamount, Galapagos Islands. Two females were collected from the Parrita Seep off Costa Rica (8°58.2’N, 84° 37.8’W), during this survey, 1025–1097 m, 6 June 2017, SIO-BIC-C12816 and SIO-BIO C12817, on an unidentified species of Isididae (Octocorallia)., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K. & Conway, Kevin W., 2023, The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura, pp. 167-176 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7919091, {"references":["Wicksten, M. (2020) One to a customer: associations between squat lobsters (Chirostylidae) and their anthozoan hosts. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01035 - w"]}

Uroptychus nicoleae, new species (Figs. 1–4) Material examined.— Holotype female, carapace length 9.3 mm, width 9.5 mm. San Clemente Escarpment, 32.679°N, 118.123°W, 1177.661 m, on antipatharian Lillipathes sp. (sample NA 124–194), 4 Nov. 2020, ROV Hercules, E.V. Nautilus; Scripps Institution of Oceanography SIO-BIC C14476, NA20-155. Paratype male, carapace length 6.1mm, width 5.9 mm, with female at same collection site, SIO-BIC C14914. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2 A) 1.1 times as long as wide, widest at posterior branchial region. Row of 15 spinules of different sizes across gastric region of carapace. Antennal spine short. Anterolateral tooth prominent, acute, directed forward, overreaching antennal spine. Two sharp isolated teeth posterolateral to anterolateral tooth, series of 3 smaller teeth and spinules extending posteriorly to widest margin of carapace. Rostrum elongate triangular, smooth, 2 times as long as wide, female with tooth at 0.2 length from apex on right side and at 0.3 length from apex on left side, 2 small teeth posterior to it on right side, apex broken. Male with rostrum acute, 2 lateral spines on each side, spines on right side arranged slightly proximal to those on left side. Pterygostomian flap (Fig. 2 D) anteriorly angular, with 6 small spines: 1 single anterior spine, middle row of 3 and posterior row of 2 spines. Sternum (Fig. 2 B) anteriorly concave, plastron 0.5 times as long as width at sternite 4. Sternite 3 with deep notch in anterior margin, 2 blunt teeth on either side of notch, anterolateral angle produced. Sternite 4 length of anterolateral margin 0.9 times length of posterolateral margin, the latter forming a strong triangular process. Sternites 5–6 considerably smaller than sternite 4. Sternite 6 with 2 blunt marginal teeth. Sternite 7 reduced. Posterior margin of sternum almost straight. Somites of abdomen smooth, without dorsal spines. Lateral margins pointed. Pleopods setose. Telson (Fig. 2 C) 2.7 times wider than long, with median groove. Exopod of uropods with longitudinal ridge. Female carried 5 eggs. Eye reaching 0.3 times length of rostrum, pigmented, cornea 0.6 times length of eyestalk. Antennule (Fig. 2 E) with peduncle unarmed. Flagella unequal, densely setose. Antenna (Fig. 2 F) with acute stylocerite overreaching antennal peduncle, the latter shorter than rostrum. Flagellum broken. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 2 G) with bases separated by triangular anterior end of excavated sternum. Ischium with 3 blunt teeth on crista dentata, flexor margin rounded distally. Merus 1.2 times as long as ischium, without teeth, with a tuft of setae; distal segments heavily setose. First pereopod (Figs. 3 A, B) ischium with sharp laterodistal spine, interior margin with large subterminal tooth flanked by 2 smaller teeth, 5 teeth decreasing in size proximally. Merus 4.2 times as long as wide, with large teeth at distal margin, large anterior tooth followed by smaller but acute tooth, single tooth spaced separately from anterior and posterior teeth, followed by 3 spinules and row of 5 widely spaced teeth on lateral margin, 5 teeth of similar size on mesial margin. Carpus 4.6 times as long as wide with 2 large marginal teeth at junction with propodus, 2 smaller teeth between them, row of 6 small, blunt lateral teeth. Propodus 9 times as long as wide, with row of 5 coarse setae on dorsal margin. Fingers of chela 2.7 times length of palm. Dactyl curved, with row of small spinules, immovable finger of chela with setae. Second to fourth pereopods (Fig. 3 C) similar in shape but decreasing in length from anterior to posterior. Second pereopod merus without teeth on dorsal surface, large mesodistal tooth on carpus, propodus with 4 spines at margin with dactyl, dactyl curved, with acute apex and 8 large spines. Third pereopod with 2 faint dorsal teeth, one sharp tooth each on dorsal and ventral margins of merus, carpus without teeth, propodus with 5 spines at distomesial border, dactyl curved and bearing 6 heavy teeth blunt spines. Fourth pereopod with one distal tooth on merus, no teeth on carpus, propodus with 4 anterior movable spines. Dactyl (Fig. 3 D) curved, with large apical spine followed by 8 movable spines, decreasing in size from apex proximally, at oblique angle to axis of dactyl. Color in life. Anterior carapace red, pink to cream posteriorly; chelipeds and walking legs pink (Fig. 4). Habitat. Clinging to branch of antipatharian Lillipathes sp. (SIO-BIC Co3558) on steep vertical cliff. Genetic Distances. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing methods for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) were exactly as in Hatch et al. (2020). We examined a 680bp sequence of the cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene obtained from the holotype of U. nicoleae sp.nov. (Genbank number GB# ON357596). The uncorrected p -distance between this sequence and those obtained from the putative close relatives U. macquariae Schnabel, Burghart & Ahyong, 2017 (n = 3, GB# MG029533-35) and U. insignis (n = 1, GB# MG029532), are 2.2% and 8.1%, respectively. The uncorrected p -distance between the COI sequence of U. nicoleae sp.nov. and that of the geographically close congener, U. bellus (n = 1, GB# ON715941), is 15.9%. Etymology. Named in honor of Nicole Reinault of the Ocean Exploration Trust, lead biologist on cruises of the Nautilus and an enthusiast of deep-sea biology. A noun in the genitive.

Sternostylus iaspis (Baba & Haig, 1990) and Sternostylus perarmatus ( Haig, 1968) (Figs. 5 A, B) Two other squat lobsters were photographed by ROV during the 2019–2020 cruises off southern California. Both can be distinguished from U. nicoleae sp. nov. by their spinose carapaces. Sternostylus iaspis (Baba & Haig, 1990) was photographed while living on the alcyonaceans Paragorgia pacifica Verrill, 1922 and Acanthogorgia sp. at South Osborn Bank (33°21’N 119°2’W), and by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute at Big Sur Ridge (Burton et al. 2017). Sternostylus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) was photographed at Footprint Reef (33° 54’N, 111°51’W, off Anacapa Island). These photographs show it living on the antipatharian Antipathes dendrochristos Opresko, 2005. As many as eight of these squat lobsters could be seen per host. Both were well within their recorded ranges: A. iaspis from Vancouver Island to Jasper Seamount, Baja California; and S. perarmatus from north of Anacapa Island, to Coronado Bank, California; and the northern Gulf of California (Wicksten 2012, Hendrickx et al. 2013). Hendrickx et al. (2013) gave an extensive account of the habitat, behavior, and abundance of specimens of S. perarmatus (cited as Gastroptychus perarmatus) in the northern Gulf of California. The squat lobster lived as deep as 710 m, among unidentified sponges and soft corals (probably Callogorgia flabellum (Ehrenberg, 1834, family Primnoidae). From 2 to eleven of these squat lobsters lived per colony. One photograph showed a squat lobster removing a large particle from the coral and taking it to its mouth. Video footage showed many large particles of debris in the area. The squat lobster may passively filter particles from the water and at the same time help the coral avoid being coated with debris. Three additional species of Sternostylus have been collected in eastern Pacific. Sternostylus defensus (Benedict, 1902) was described from the Galapagos Islands and has been collected at the Partida Seep off Costa Rica, 1052– 1075 m (SIO-BIC C12804). The host was not reported but could have been an antipatharian or alcyonacean (Baba & Wicksten 2020). Sternostylus cavimanus Baba, 1977 has been reported from Peru and Ecuador; and S. milneedwardsi Henderson, 1885 at the extreme southern end of Chile and the Strait of Magellan. The host species of these other two squat lobsters were not recorded. At present, 13 species of the Chirostyloidea have been reported from the eastern Pacific. The family Chirostylidae includes 5 species of Uroptychus and 2 species of Heteroptychus (Baba and Wicksten 2020). The family Sternostylidae includes 5 species of Sternostylus. The family Eumunididae is represented by Eumunida subsolanus Baba & Wicksten, 2020, recently described from off the Galapagos Islands., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K. & Conway, Kevin W., 2023, The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura, pp. 167-176 in Zootaxa 5284 (1) on pages 173-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7919091, {"references":["Baba, K. & Haig, J. (1990) A new species of chirostylid crustacean (Decapoda: Anomura) from off the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 854 - 860.","Haig, J. (1968) First report of the crab family Chirostylidae off California, and description of a new species of Chirostylus. California Fish and Game, 54: 270 - 277.","Verrill, A. (1922) Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 1918. Volume III: Mollusks, Echinoderms, Coelenterates, etc. Part G: Alcyonaria and Actiniaria. F. A. Acland, Ottawa, Canada, 165 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64187","Burton, E., Kuhnz, L., DeVogelarce, A. & Barry, J. (2017) Conservation Series ONMS- 17 - 10. U. S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of National Marine Sanctuaries: Silver Spring, Maryland. 122 pp.","Opresko, D. (2005) A new species of antipatharian coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the southern California Bight. Zootaxa, 852, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 852.1.1","Wicksten, M. (2012) Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Zootaxa, 3371, 1 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3371.1.1","Hendrickx, M., Hinojosa, A. & Ayon-Parente, M. (2013) In situ observations on the habitat and abundance of the squat lobster Gastroptychus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Chirostylidae) in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5, 5228 - 5236. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3133.5228 - 36","Ehrenberg, C. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntnis der Corallenthiere im allgemeinem, und besonders des Rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1832, 225 - 380.","Benedict, J. (1902) Description of a new genus and forty-six new species of crustaceans of the family Galatheidae with a list of the known marine species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 26, 243 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.26 - 1311.243","Wicksten, M. (2020) One to a customer: associations between squat lobsters (Chirostylidae) and their anthozoan hosts. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01035 - w","Baba, K. (1977) Gastroptychus cavimurus sp. nov., a new chirostylid (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from off the western coast of South America. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 52, 201 - 207.","Henderson, J. (1885) Diagnoses of new species of Galatheidae collected during the \" Challenger \" expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 16, 407 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938509459908"]}

Oncorhynchus mykiss calisulat ssp. nov., Campbell and Conway urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 60E62FE9-D41A-46E7-8A5F-ADF021D1CBFB McCloud River Redband Trout, Cali Sulat (Figure 8 and Table 3) Holotype. WFB 5020, formerly WFB 76-05- 23, 120 mm SL; USA, California, Shasta County, McCloud River, Sheepheaven Creek (no latitude or longitude provided), 8 October 1974. Sturgess, Hoopaugh and Staley, collectors. Paratypes. USA: California: WFB 5021, 1, 118 mm SL; same as holotype— WFB 5022, 1, 118 mm SL; same as holotype— WFB 5023, 1, 104 mm SL; same as holotype— WFB 5024, 1, 75 mml SL; same as holotype — TCWC 2872.01, 23 (2 c&s), 79–144 mm SL; McCloud River, Sheepheaven Creek, 41.32735, -121.8276, 1974 — LACM 38568-1, 2, 96–101 mm SL; McCloud River, Sheepheaven Creek, 41.32278, -121.82389, 1 June 1974 Diagnosis. Oncorhynchus mykiss calisulat is distinguished from O. m. stonei, by a lower number of gill rakers on the first arch (14–18, mode 15 vs. 17–22, 20), a lower number of branchiostegal rays (8–11, 9 vs. 10–13, 12) and a greater number of scales in the lateral series (151–174, 162 vs. 139–160, 146). The numbers of gill rakers on first gill arch, branchiostegal rays and pectoral fin rays (13–14, 13) are distinctive in comparison to other Pacific Trouts, with the number of gill rakers on first gill arch (14–18, mode 15) the lowest of any Pacific Trouts. Oncorhynchus m. calisulat is further distinguished from O. mykiss and O. aguabonita by 44 SNPs with fixed allele differences described by Habibi et al. (2022). Description. SeeFigure8forgeneralappearanceandTable3formorphometricandmeristiccharactersobtained from holotype and paratypes. Chromosomes 2N = 58, NF = 104. Characterized by small overall adult size (largest specimen examined 143 mm SL) with well-developed parr marks present on adults. Body laterally compressed, greatest depth midway between occiput and dorsal fin origin. Head short, 25–30% of SL, laterally compressed. Eye large, diameter greater than snout length. Snout rounded in lateral aspect. Mouth large, posteriormost tip of upper jaw (maxilla plus small supramaxilla) located posterior to imaginary vertical line through posterior margin of orbit. Scales in lateral line row, 113–123 (mean of 117 reported by Gold 1977; holotype 116). Scales in lateral series, 151–174 (mean of 162 reported by Gold 1977; holotype 151). Scales above lateral line 32–36 (mean of 33 reported by Gold 1977; holotype 32). Scales below lateral line 23–27 (mean of 25 reported by Gold 1977; holotype 26). Pyloric caeca 29–42 (mean of 36 reported by Gold 1977). Dorsal-fin rays 10–15 (holotype 15), comprising iv,9, v,10 (holotype) or v, 11 in x-rayed (n=3) and cleared and stained material (n =2). Anal-fin rays 10–13 (holotype 12), comprising iii,9 (holotype) or iiii, 9 in x-rayed and cleared and stained material. Pectoral-fin rays 13–14 (holotype 13). Pelvic-fin rays 9–10 (holotype 9). Caudal-fin rays 10+8 (holotype) or 10+9. Dorsal procurrent ray 10–13 (holotype 12). Ventral procurrent rays 10–12 (holotype 12). Branchiostegal rays 8–11 (holotype 9). Gill rakers on first arch 14–18. Basibranchial dentition vestigial, with 0–5 teeth on basibranchal 1 (Schreck and Behnke 1971; Gold 1977; 0 or 1 tooth only on basibranchal 1 in cleared and stained material examined herein). Basihyal with two rows of large, slightly recurved teeth. Total vertebrae 60–63 (holotype 61). Coloration. In preservative (Fig. 8A, C), background color olive brown dorsally, fading to lighter cream brown ventrally. Circular to dorsoventrally elongate dark brown parr marks on body side; 7-10 (holotype 9). Small dark brown spots, each covering surface of 3–5 scales, scattered over dorsolateral and lateral surface of body; densest above lateral line below and posterior to dorsal fin and on caudal peduncle; few above lateral line anterior to dorsal fin or below lateral line anterior to anal fin. Dorsal surface of head with few small dark brown spots, similar in size to small spots on body. Lateral surface of head dusted with tiny dark brown melanophores, most prominent on cheek and operculum. Dorsal and caudal fin with small dark brown spots similar in size to small dark brown spots on side of body. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fin light creamy brown; with weak (holotype) or dense scattered dark brown melanophores. Adipose fin whitish; without (holotype) or with few small dark brown spots; posterior margin outlined dark brown. In life (Fig. 8D), body background color light olive brown dorsally, fading to pale yellow ventrally. Brick red lateral stripe extends along body side, deepest below dorsal fin. Parr marks dark blue-grey. Small spots on body, dorsal fin, and caudal fins black. Dorsal, adipose and caudal fins yellow. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fin orange. Tip of dorsal, pelvic and anal fins white. Posterior margin of adipose fin outlined black. Side of operculum orange red. A weak yellow cutthroat mark on ventrolateral surface of head. Etymology. From the Winnemem Wintu name for the subspecies cali sulat, beautiful trout. Distribution. Known from the McCloud River drainage basin upstream of McCloud Falls. Human mediated movements of other Rainbow Trout into the range of this subspecies has resulted in admixture of some McCloud River Redband Trout populations with other Rainbow Trout. Given that McCloud River Redband Trout appeared to occupy the McCloud River, and, likely the Upper Sacramento River Basin prior to Coastal Rainbow Trout (O. m. irideus) and Great Basin Redband Trout (O. m. newberrii) moving into the Upper Sacramento River Basin, there is a slight possibility that other populations closely related to McCloud River Redband Trout may have persisted above natural barriers to fish movement outside the core distribution of McCloud River Redband Trout known today. Rutter (1908) provides a detailed description of trout from a tributary of the Upper Sacramento River, South Fork Battle Creek, and comments on their similarity to McCloud River Redband Trout. The description of 11 South Fork Battle Creek specimens collected upstream of Battle Creek Falls, a barrier to fish movement, indicates similarity to key anatomical features of McCloud River Redband Trout. An average is only provided for the number of scales in the lateral series (163 vs. 162). Other characteristics are presented as a range (gill rakers 15–19 vs. 14–18; branchiostegal rays 10–12 vs. 8–11), with no pectoral-fin ray counts provided. Combined with additional evidence presented by Rutter (1908), it could be interpreted that Redband Trout historically were present as far south as the Feather River (Behnke 1992). Future investigations of isolated populations can provide insight into the number of Redband Trout lineages that historically occupied the Upper Sacramento River Basin and their natural contribution to Coastal Rainbow Trout populations. Associated Species. The McCloud River Redband Trout is the only known native fish from the McCloud River upstream of McCloud Falls.