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1. An 83 000-year-old ice core from Roosevelt Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Author

Lee, James E, Brook, Edward J, Bertler, Nancy AN, Buizert, Christo, Baisden, Troy, Blunier, Thomas, Ciobanu, V Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Fudge, Tyler J, Hindmarsh, Richard, Keller, Elizabeth D, Parrenin, Frederic, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Vallelonga, Paul, Waddington, Edwin D, and Winstrup, Mai

Subjects
Paleontology, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

Abstract. In 2013 an ice core was recovered from Roosevelt Island, an ice dome between two submarine troughs carved by paleo-ice-streams in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The ice core is part of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) project and provides new information about the past configuration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and its retreat during the last deglaciation. In this work we present the RICE17 chronology, which establishes the depth–age relationship for the top 754 m of the 763 m core. RICE17 is a composite chronology combining annual layer interpretations for 0–343 m (Winstrup et al., 2019) with new estimates for gas and ice ages based on synchronization of CH4 and δ18Oatm records to corresponding records from the WAIS Divide ice core and by modeling of the gas age–ice age difference. Novel aspects of this work include the following: (1) an automated algorithm for multiproxy stratigraphic synchronization of high-resolution gas records; (2) synchronization using centennial-scale variations in methane for pre-anthropogenic time periods (60–720 m, 1971 CE to 30 ka), a strategy applicable for future ice cores; and (3) the observation of a continuous climate record back to ∼65 ka providing evidence that the Roosevelt Island Ice Dome was a constant feature throughout the last glacial period.

Published
2020

2. An 83 000 year old ice core from Roosevelt Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Author

Lee, James E, Brook, Edward J, Bertler, Nancy AN, Buizert, Christo, Baisden, Troy, Blunier, Thomas, Ciobanu, V Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Fudge, Tyler J, Hindmarsh, Richard, Keller, Elizabeth D, Parrenin, Frédéric, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Vallelonga, Paul, Waddington, Edwin D, and Winstrup, Mai

Subjects
Climate Action
Abstract

Abstract. In 2013, an ice core was recovered from Roosevelt Island in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as part of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) project. Roosevelt Island is located between two submarine troughs carved by paleo-ice-streams. The RICE ice core provides new important information about the past configuration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and its retreat during the most recent deglaciation. In this work, we present the RICE17 chronology and discuss preliminary observations from the new records of methane, the isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular oxygen (δ18O-Oatm), the isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular nitrogen (δ15N-N2) and total air content (TAC). RICE17 is a composite chronology combining annual layer interpretations, gas synchronization, and firn modeling strategies in different sections of the core. An automated matching algorithm is developed for synchronizing the high-resolution section of the RICE gas records (60–720 m, 1971 CE to 30 ka) to corresponding records from the WAIS Divide ice core, while deeper sections are manually matched. Ice age for the top 343 m (2635 yr BP, before 1950 C.E.) is derived from annual layer interpretations and described in the accompanying paper by Winstrup et al. (2017). For deeper sections, the RICE17 ice age scale is based on the gas age constraints and the ice age-gas age offset estimated by a firn densification model. Novel aspects of this work include: 1) stratigraphic matching of centennial-scale variations in methane for pre-anthropogenic time periods, a strategy which will be applicable for developing precise chronologies for future ice cores, 2) the observation of centennial-scale variability in methane throughout the Holocene which suggests that similar variations during the late preindustrial period need not be anthropogenic, and 3) the observation of continuous climate records dating back to ∼ 65 ka which provide evidence that the Roosevelt Island Ice Dome was a constant feature throughout the last glacial period.

Published
2018

3. The Ross Sea Dipole – temperature, snow accumulation and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, over the past 2700 years

Author

Bertler, Nancy AN, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B, Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T, Lee, James E, Brook, Ed J, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Fudge, Taylor J, Keller, Elizabeth D, Baisden, W Troy, Hindmarsh, Richard CA, Neff, Peter D, Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A, Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A, Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Edwin D, Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J, Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G, Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja, Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R, Haines, Skylar, Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L, Hogan, Chad M, Johnson, Katelyn M, Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P, Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M, Menking, James A, Naish, Timothy R, Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C, Pyne, Alexander R, Pyne, Rebecca L, Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P, Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B, Steig, Eric J, Tuohy, Andrea, Venugopal, Abhijith Ulayottil, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A, Winton, V Holly L, Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, and Zhang, Xin

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geology, Climate Action, Paleontology, Climate change science
Abstract

Abstract. High-resolution, well-dated climate archives provide anopportunity to investigate the dynamic interactions of climate patternsrelevant for future projections. Here, we present data from a new, annuallydated ice core record from the eastern Ross Sea, named the Roosevelt IslandClimate Evolution (RICE) ice core. Comparison of this record with climatereanalysis data for the 1979–2012 interval shows that RICE reliably capturestemperature and snow precipitation variability in the region. Trends over thepast 2700 years in RICE are shown to be distinct from those in WestAntarctica and the western Ross Sea captured by other ice cores. For most ofthis interval, the eastern Ross Sea was warming (or showing isotopicenrichment for other reasons), with increased snow accumulation and perhapsdecreased sea ice concentration. However, West Antarctica cooled and thewestern Ross Sea showed no significant isotope temperature trend. Thispattern here is referred to as the Ross Sea Dipole. Notably, during theLittle Ice Age, West Antarctica and the western Ross Sea experienced colderthan average temperatures, while the eastern Ross Sea underwent a period ofwarming or increased isotopic enrichment. From the 17th century onwards, thisdipole relationship changed. All three regions show current warming, withsnow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea butincreasing in the western Ross Sea. We interpret this pattern as reflectingan increase in sea ice in the eastern Ross Sea with perhaps the establishmentof a modern Roosevelt Island polynya as a local moisture source for RICE.

Published
2018

4. The Ross Sea Dipole – Temperature, Snow Accumulation and Sea Ice Variability in the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica, over the Past 2,700 Years

Author

Bertler, Nancy AN, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B, Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T, Lee, James E, Brook, Ed J, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Fudge, Taylor J, Keller, Elizabeth D, Baisden, W Troy, Hindmarsh, Richard CA, Neff, Peter D, Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A, Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A, Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Ed D, Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J, Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G, Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja A, Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R, Haines, Skylar A, Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L, Hogan, Chad M, Johnson, Katelyn M, Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P, Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M, Menking, James A, Naish, Timothy R, Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C, Pyne, Alexander R, Pyne, Rebecca L, Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P, Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B, Steig, Eric J, Tuohy, Andrea, Venugopal, Abhijith Ulayottil, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A, Winton, Victoria HL, Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, and Zhang, Xin

Subjects
Climate Action
Abstract

Abstract. High-resolution, well-dated climate archives provide an opportunity to investigate the dynamic interactions of climate patterns relevant for future projections. Here, we present data from a new, annually-dated ice core record from the eastern Ross Sea. Comparison of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core records with climate reanalysis data for the 1979–2012 calibration period shows that RICE records reliably capture temperature and snow precipitation variability of the region. RICE is compared with data from West Antarctica (West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core) and the western (Talos Dome) and eastern (Siple Dome) Ross Sea. For most of the past 2,700 years, the eastern Ross Sea was warming with perhaps increased snow accumulation and decreased sea ice extent. However, West Antarctica cooled whereas the western Ross Sea showed no significant temperature trend. From the 17th Century onwards, this relationship changes. All three regions now show signs of warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea, but increasing in the western Ross Sea. Analysis of decadal to centennial-scale climate variability superimposed on the longer term trend reveal that periods characterised by opposing temperature trends between the Eastern and Western Ross Sea have occurred since the 3rd Century but are masked by longer-term trends. This pattern here is referred to as the Ross Sea Dipole, caused by a sensitive response of the region to dynamic interactions of the Southern Annual Mode and tropical forcings.

Published
2017

5. Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age

Author

Buizert, Christo, Adrian, Betty, Ahn, Jinho, Albert, Mary, Alley, Richard B, Baggenstos, Daniel, Bauska, Thomas K, Bay, Ryan C, Bencivengo, Brian B, Bentley, Charles R, Brook, Edward J, Chellman, Nathan J, Clow, Gary D, Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cravens, Eric, Cuffey, Kurt M, Dunbar, Nelia W, Edwards, Jon S, Fegyveresi, John M, Ferris, Dave G, Fitzpatrick, Joan J, Fudge, TJ, Gibson, Chris J, Gkinis, Vasileios, Goetz, Joshua J, Gregory, Stephanie, Hargreaves, Geoffrey M, Iverson, Nels, Johnson, Jay A, Jones, Tyler R, Kalk, Michael L, Kippenhan, Matthew J, Koffman, Bess G, Kreutz, Karl, Kuhl, Tanner W, Lebar, Donald A, Lee, James E, Marcott, Shaun A, Markle, Bradley R, Maselli, Olivia J, McConnell, Joseph R, McGwire, Kenneth C, Mitchell, Logan E, Mortensen, Nicolai B, Neff, Peter D, Nishiizumi, Kunihiko, Nunn, Richard M, Orsi, Anais J, Pasteris, Daniel R, Pedro, Joel B, Pettit, Erin C, Price, P Buford, Priscu, John C, Rhodes, Rachael H, Rosen, Julia L, Schauer, Andrew J, Schoenemann, Spruce W, Sendelbach, Paul J, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Shturmakov, Alexander J, Sigl, Michael, Slawny, Kristina R, Souney, Joseph M, Sowers, Todd A, Spencer, Matthew K, Steig, Eric J, Taylor, Kendrick C, Twickler, Mark S, Vaughn, Bruce H, Voigt, Donald E, Waddington, Edwin D, Welten, Kees C, Wendricks, Anthony W, White, James WC, Winstrup, Mai, Wong, Gifford J, and Woodruff, Thomas E

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geology, Climate Action, WAIS Divide Project Members, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The last glacial period exhibited abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger climatic oscillations, evidence of which is preserved in a variety of Northern Hemisphere palaeoclimate archives. Ice cores show that Antarctica cooled during the warm phases of the Greenland Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle and vice versa, suggesting an interhemispheric redistribution of heat through a mechanism called the bipolar seesaw. Variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength are thought to have been important, but much uncertainty remains regarding the dynamics and trigger of these abrupt events. Key information is contained in the relative phasing of hemispheric climate variations, yet the large, poorly constrained difference between gas age and ice age and the relatively low resolution of methane records from Antarctic ice cores have so far precluded methane-based synchronization at the required sub-centennial precision. Here we use a recently drilled high-accumulation Antarctic ice core to show that, on average, abrupt Greenland warming leads the corresponding Antarctic cooling onset by 218 ± 92 years (2σ) for Dansgaard-Oeschger events, including the Bølling event; Greenland cooling leads the corresponding onset of Antarctic warming by 208 ± 96 years. Our results demonstrate a north-to-south directionality of the abrupt climatic signal, which is propagated to the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes by oceanic rather than atmospheric processes. The similar interpolar phasing of warming and cooling transitions suggests that the transfer time of the climatic signal is independent of the AMOC background state. Our findings confirm a central role for ocean circulation in the bipolar seesaw and provide clear criteria for assessing hypotheses and model simulations of Dansgaard-Oeschger dynamics.

Published
2015

6. Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing

Author

Fudge, TJ, Steig, Eric J, Markle, Bradley R, Schoenemann, Spruce W, Ding, Qinghua, Taylor, Kendrick C, McConnell, Joseph R, Brook, Edward J, Sowers, Todd, White, James WC, Alley, Richard B, Cheng, Hai, Clow, Gary D, Cole-Dai, Jihong, Conway, Howard, Cuffey, Kurt M, Edwards, Jon S, Edwards, R Lawrence, Edwards, Ross, Fegyveresi, John M, Ferris, David, Fitzpatrick, Joan J, Johnson, Jay, Hargreaves, Geoffrey, Lee, James E, Maselli, Olivia J, Mason, William, McGwire, Kenneth C, Mitchell, Logan E, Mortensen, Nicolai, Neff, Peter, Orsi, Anais J, Popp, Trevor J, Schauer, Andrew J, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P, Sigl, Michael, Spencer, Matthew K, Vaughn, Bruce H, Voigt, Donald E, Waddington, Edwin D, Wang, Xianfeng, and Wong, Gifford J

Subjects
Antarctic Regions, Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Global Warming, History, Ancient, Ice Cover, Methane, Models, Theoretical, Oceans and Seas, Oxygen Isotopes, Seawater, Snow, Sodium Chloride, Temperature, Time Factors, Water Movements, WAIS Divide Project Members, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The cause of warming in the Southern Hemisphere during the most recent deglaciation remains a matter of debate. Hypotheses for a Northern Hemisphere trigger, through oceanic redistributions of heat, are based in part on the abrupt onset of warming seen in East Antarctic ice cores and dated to 18,000 years ago, which is several thousand years after high-latitude Northern Hemisphere summer insolation intensity began increasing from its minimum, approximately 24,000 years ago. An alternative explanation is that local solar insolation changes cause the Southern Hemisphere to warm independently. Here we present results from a new, annually resolved ice-core record from West Antarctica that reconciles these two views. The records show that 18,000 years ago snow accumulation in West Antarctica began increasing, coincident with increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, warming in East Antarctica and cooling in the Northern Hemisphere associated with an abrupt decrease in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, significant warming in West Antarctica began at least 2,000 years earlier. Circum-Antarctic sea-ice decline, driven by increasing local insolation, is the likely cause of this warming. The marine-influenced West Antarctic records suggest a more active role for the Southern Ocean in the onset of deglaciation than is inferred from ice cores in the East Antarctic interior, which are largely isolated from sea-ice changes.

Published
2013

7. Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data

Author

Frémand, Alice C., primary, Fretwell, Peter, additional, Bodart, Julien A., additional, Pritchard, Hamish D., additional, Aitken, Alan, additional, Bamber, Jonathan L., additional, Bell, Robin, additional, Bianchi, Cesidio, additional, Bingham, Robert G., additional, Blankenship, Donald D., additional, Casassa, Gino, additional, Catania, Ginny, additional, Christianson, Knut, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Corr, Hugh F. J., additional, Cui, Xiangbin, additional, Damaske, Detlef, additional, Damm, Volkmar, additional, Drews, Reinhard, additional, Eagles, Graeme, additional, Eisen, Olaf, additional, Eisermann, Hannes, additional, Ferraccioli, Fausto, additional, Field, Elena, additional, Forsberg, René, additional, Franke, Steven, additional, Fujita, Shuji, additional, Gim, Yonggyu, additional, Goel, Vikram, additional, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, additional, Greenbaum, Jamin, additional, Hills, Benjamin, additional, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., additional, Hoffman, Andrew O., additional, Holmlund, Per, additional, Holschuh, Nicholas, additional, Holt, John W., additional, Horlings, Annika N., additional, Humbert, Angelika, additional, Jacobel, Robert W., additional, Jansen, Daniela, additional, Jenkins, Adrian, additional, Jokat, Wilfried, additional, Jordan, Tom, additional, King, Edward, additional, Kohler, Jack, additional, Krabill, William, additional, Kusk Gillespie, Mette, additional, Langley, Kirsty, additional, Lee, Joohan, additional, Leitchenkov, German, additional, Leuschen, Carlton, additional, Luyendyk, Bruce, additional, MacGregor, Joseph, additional, MacKie, Emma, additional, Matsuoka, Kenichi, additional, Morlighem, Mathieu, additional, Mouginot, Jérémie, additional, Nitsche, Frank O., additional, Nogi, Yoshifumi, additional, Nost, Ole A., additional, Paden, John, additional, Pattyn, Frank, additional, Popov, Sergey V., additional, Rignot, Eric, additional, Rippin, David M., additional, Rivera, Andrés, additional, Roberts, Jason, additional, Ross, Neil, additional, Ruppel, Anotonia, additional, Schroeder, Dustin M., additional, Siegert, Martin J., additional, Smith, Andrew M., additional, Steinhage, Daniel, additional, Studinger, Michael, additional, Sun, Bo, additional, Tabacco, Ignazio, additional, Tinto, Kirsty, additional, Urbini, Stefano, additional, Vaughan, David, additional, Welch, Brian C., additional, Wilson, Douglas S., additional, Young, Duncan A., additional, and Zirizzotti, Achille, additional

Published
2023
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8. Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data

Author

Frémand, Alice C., Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien A., Pritchard, Hamish D., Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L., Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesido, Bingham, Robert G., Blankenship, Donald D., Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh F.J., Cui, Xiangbin, Damaske, Detlef, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, Eagles, Graeme, Eisen, Olaf, Eisermann, Hannes, Ferraccioli, Fausto, Field, Elena, Forsberg, René, Franke, Steven, Fujita, Shuji, Gim, Yonggyu, Goel, Vikram, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, Greenbaum, Jamin, Hills, Benjamin, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Hoffman, Andrew O., Holmlund, Per, Holschuh, Nicholas, Holt, John W., Horlings, Anneka N., Humbert, Anglika, Jacobel, Robert W., Jansen, Daniela, Jenkins, Adrian, Jokat, Wilfried, Jordan, Tom, King, Edward, Kohler, Jack, Krabill, William, Langley, Kirsty, Lee, Joohan, Leitchenkov, German, Leuschen, Carlton, Luyendyk, Bruce, MacGregor, Joseph, MacKie, Emma, Matsuoka, Kenichi, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jérémie, Nitsche, Frank O., Nogi, Yoshifumi, Nost, Ole A., Paden, John, Pattyn, Frank, Popov, Sergey V., Rignot, Eric, Rippin, David M., Rivera, Andrés, Roberts, Jason, Ross, Neil, Ruppel, Anotonia, Schroeder, Dustin M., Siegert, Martin J., Smith, Andrew M., Steinhage, Daniel, Studinger, Michael, Sun, Bo, Tabacco, Ignazio, Tinto, Kirsty, Urbini, Stefano, Vaughan, David, Welch, Brian C., Wilson, Douglas S., Young, Duncan A., and Zirizzotti, Achille

Abstract

One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and the ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Bedmap3 Action Group aims not only to produce new gridded maps of ice thickness and bed topography for the international scientific community, but also to standardize and make available all the geophysical survey data points used in producing the Bedmap gridded products. Here, we document the survey data used in the latest iteration, Bedmap3, incorporating and adding to all of the datasets previously used for Bedmap1 and Bedmap2, including ice bed, surface and thickness point data from all Antarctic geophysical campaigns since the 1950s. More specifically, we describe the processes used to standardize and make these and future surveys and gridded datasets accessible under the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data principles. With the goals of making the gridding process reproducible and allowing scientists to re-use the data freely for their own analysis, we introduce the new SCAR Bedmap Data Portal (https://bedmap.scar.org, last access: 1 March 2023) created to provide unprecedented open access to these important datasets through a web-map interface. We believe that this data release will be a valuable asset to Antarctic research and will greatly extend the life cycle of the data held within it. Data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre: https://data.bas.ac.uk (last access: 5 May 2023​​​​​​​). See the Data availability section for the complete list of datasets.

Published
2023

9. Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data

Author

Frémand, Alice C, Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien A, Pritchard, Hamish D, Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L, Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesidio, Bingham, Robert G, Blankenship, Donald D, Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh FJ, Cui, Xiangbin, Damaske, Detlef, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, Eagles, Graeme, Eisen, Olaf, Eisermann, Hannes, Ferraccioli, Fausto, Field, Elena, Forsberg, René, Franke, Steven, Fujita, Shuji, Gim, Yonggyu, Goel, Vikram, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, Greenbaum, Jamin, Hills, Benjamin, Hindmarsh, Richard CA, Hoffman, Andrew O, Holmlund, Per, Holschuh, Nicholas, Holt, John W, Horlings, Annika N, Humbert, Angelika, Jacobel, Robert W, Jansen, Daniela, Jenkins, Adrian, Jokat, Wilfried, Jordan, Tom, King, Edward, Kohler, Jack, Krabill, William, Gillespie, Mette Kusk, Langley, Kirsty, Lee, Joohan, Leitchenkov, German, Leuschen, Carlton, Luyendyk, Bruce, MacGregor, Joseph, MacKie, Emma, Matsuoka, Kenichi, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jérémie, Nitsche, Frank O, Nogi, Yoshifumi, Nost, Ole A, Paden, John, Pattyn, Frank, Popov, Sergey V, Rignot, Eric, Rippin, David M, Rivera, Andrés, Roberts, Jason, Ross, Neil, Ruppel, Anotonia, Schroeder, Dustin M, Siegert, Martin J, Smith, Andrew M, Steinhage, Daniel, Studinger, Michael, Sun, Bo, Tabacco, Ignazio, Tinto, Kirsty, Urbini, Stefano, Vaughan, David, Welch, Brian C, Wilson, Douglas S, Young, Duncan A, Zirizzotti, Achille, Frémand, Alice C, Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien A, Pritchard, Hamish D, Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L, Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesidio, Bingham, Robert G, Blankenship, Donald D, Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh FJ, Cui, Xiangbin, Damaske, Detlef, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, Eagles, Graeme, Eisen, Olaf, Eisermann, Hannes, Ferraccioli, Fausto, Field, Elena, Forsberg, René, Franke, Steven, Fujita, Shuji, Gim, Yonggyu, Goel, Vikram, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, Greenbaum, Jamin, Hills, Benjamin, Hindmarsh, Richard CA, Hoffman, Andrew O, Holmlund, Per, Holschuh, Nicholas, Holt, John W, Horlings, Annika N, Humbert, Angelika, Jacobel, Robert W, Jansen, Daniela, Jenkins, Adrian, Jokat, Wilfried, Jordan, Tom, King, Edward, Kohler, Jack, Krabill, William, Gillespie, Mette Kusk, Langley, Kirsty, Lee, Joohan, Leitchenkov, German, Leuschen, Carlton, Luyendyk, Bruce, MacGregor, Joseph, MacKie, Emma, Matsuoka, Kenichi, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jérémie, Nitsche, Frank O, Nogi, Yoshifumi, Nost, Ole A, Paden, John, Pattyn, Frank, Popov, Sergey V, Rignot, Eric, Rippin, David M, Rivera, Andrés, Roberts, Jason, Ross, Neil, Ruppel, Anotonia, Schroeder, Dustin M, Siegert, Martin J, Smith, Andrew M, Steinhage, Daniel, Studinger, Michael, Sun, Bo, Tabacco, Ignazio, Tinto, Kirsty, Urbini, Stefano, Vaughan, David, Welch, Brian C, Wilson, Douglas S, Young, Duncan A, and Zirizzotti, Achille

Abstract

One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and the ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Bedmap3 Action Group aims not only to produce new gridded maps of ice thickness and bed topography for the international scientific community, but also to standardize and make available all the geophysical survey data points used in producing the Bedmap gridded products. Here, we document the survey data used in the latest iteration, Bedmap3, incorporating and adding to all of the datasets previously used for Bedmap1 and Bedmap2, including ice bed, surface and thickness point data from all Antarctic geophysical campaigns since the 1950s. More specifically, we describe the processes used to standardize and make these and future surveys and gridded datasets accessible under the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data principles. With the goals of making the gridding process reproducible and allowing scientists to re-use the data freely for their own analysis, we introduce the new SCAR Bedmap Data Portal (https://bedmap.scar.org, last access: 1 March 2023) created to provide unprecedented open access to these important datasets through a web-map interface. We believe that this data release will be a valuable asset to Antarctic research and will greatly extend the life cycle of the data held within it. Data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre: https://data.bas.ac.uk (last access: 5 May 2023). See the Data availability section for the complete list of datasets.

Published
2023

10. Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data

Author

Frémand, Alice, Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien A., Pritchard, Hamish D., Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L., Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesidio, Bingham, Robert G., Blankenship, Donald, Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh F. J., Cui, Xiangbin, Damaske, Detlef, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, Eagles, Graeme, Eisen, Olaf, Eisermann, Hannes, Ferraccioli, Fausto, Field, Elena, Forsberg, René, Franke, Steven, Fujita, Shuji, Gim, Yonggyu, Goel, Vikram, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, Greenbaum, Jamin Stevens, Hills, Benjamin, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., Hoffman, Andrew O., Holmlund, Per, Holschuh, Nicholas, Holt, John W., Horlings, Annika, Humbert, Angelika, Jacobel, Robert, Jansen, Daniela, Jenkins, Adrian, Jokat, Wilfried, Jordan, Tom, King, Edward, Kohler, Jack, Krabill, William, Kusk Gillespie, Mette, Langley, Kirsty, Lee, Joohan, Leitchenkov, German, Leuschen, Carlton, Luyendyk, Bruce, MacGregor, Joseph A., MacKie, Emma, Matsuoka, Kenichi, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nitsche, Frank, Nogi, Yoshifumi, Nost, Ole, Paden, John, Pattyn, Frank, Popov, Sergey V., Rignot, Eric, Rippin, David, Medina-Rivera, Alejandra, Roberts, Jason, Ross, Neil, Ruppel, Anotonia, Schroeder, Dustin M., Siegert, Martin J., Smith, Andrew M., Steinhage, Daniel, Studinger, Michael, Sun, Bo, Tabacco, Ignazio, Tinto, Kirsty, Urbini, Stefano, Vaughan, David, Welch, Brian, Wilson, Douglas S., Young, Duncan A., Zirizzotti, Achille, Frémand, Alice, Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien A., Pritchard, Hamish D., Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L., Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesidio, Bingham, Robert G., Blankenship, Donald, Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh F. J., Cui, Xiangbin, Damaske, Detlef, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, Eagles, Graeme, Eisen, Olaf, Eisermann, Hannes, Ferraccioli, Fausto, Field, Elena, Forsberg, René, Franke, Steven, Fujita, Shuji, Gim, Yonggyu, Goel, Vikram, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, Greenbaum, Jamin Stevens, Hills, Benjamin, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., Hoffman, Andrew O., Holmlund, Per, Holschuh, Nicholas, Holt, John W., Horlings, Annika, Humbert, Angelika, Jacobel, Robert, Jansen, Daniela, Jenkins, Adrian, Jokat, Wilfried, Jordan, Tom, King, Edward, Kohler, Jack, Krabill, William, Kusk Gillespie, Mette, Langley, Kirsty, Lee, Joohan, Leitchenkov, German, Leuschen, Carlton, Luyendyk, Bruce, MacGregor, Joseph A., MacKie, Emma, Matsuoka, Kenichi, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nitsche, Frank, Nogi, Yoshifumi, Nost, Ole, Paden, John, Pattyn, Frank, Popov, Sergey V., Rignot, Eric, Rippin, David, Medina-Rivera, Alejandra, Roberts, Jason, Ross, Neil, Ruppel, Anotonia, Schroeder, Dustin M., Siegert, Martin J., Smith, Andrew M., Steinhage, Daniel, Studinger, Michael, Sun, Bo, Tabacco, Ignazio, Tinto, Kirsty, Urbini, Stefano, Vaughan, David, Welch, Brian, Wilson, Douglas S., Young, Duncan A., and Zirizzotti, Achille

Abstract

One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss andthe ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Bedmap3 Action Group aims not only to produce newgridded maps of ice thickness and bed topography for the internationalscientific community, but also to standardize and make available all thegeophysical survey data points used in producing the Bedmap griddedproducts. Here, we document the survey data used in the latest iteration,Bedmap3, incorporating and adding to all of the datasets previously used forBedmap1 and Bedmap2, including ice bed, surface and thickness point data from all Antarctic geophysical campaigns since the 1950s. More specifically,we describe the processes used to standardize and make these and futuresurveys and gridded datasets accessible under the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data principles. With the goals of making the gridding process reproducible and allowing scientists to re-use the data freely for their own analysis, we introduce the new SCAR Bedmap Data Portal(https://bedmap.scar.org, last access: 1 March 2023) created to provideunprecedented open access to these important datasets through a web-map interface. We believe that this data release will be a valuable asset to Antarctic research and will greatly extend the life cycle of the data heldwithin it. Data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre: https://data.bas.ac.uk (last access: 5 May 2023​​​​​​​). See the Data availability section for the complete list of datasets., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2023

11. A new model of dry firn-densification constrained by continuous strain measurements near South Pole.

Author

Stevens, C. Max, Lilien, David A., Conway, Howard, Fudge, T. J., Koutnik, Michelle R., and Waddington, Edwin D.

Abstract

Converting measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change to mass change requires measurements of accumulation and knowledge of the evolution of the density profile in the firn. Most firn-densification models are tuned using measured depth–density profiles, a method which is based on an assumption that the density profile in the firn is invariant through time. Here we present continuous measurements of firn-compaction rates in 12 boreholes near the South Pole over a 2 year period. To our knowledge, these are the first continuous measurements of firn compaction on the Antarctic plateau. We use the data to derive a new firn-densification algorithm framed as a constitutive relationship. We also compare our measurements to compaction rates predicted by several existing firn-densification models. Results indicate that an activation energy of 60 kJ mol−1, a value within the range used by current models, best predicts the seasonal cycle in compaction rates on the Antarctic plateau. Our results suggest models can predict firn-compaction rates with at best 7% uncertainty and cumulative firn compaction on a 2 year timescale with at best 8% uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Antarctic ice rises and rumples: Their properties and significance for ice-sheet dynamics and evolution

Author

Matsuoka, Kenichi, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Moholdt, Geir, Bentley, Michael J., Pritchard, Hamish D., Brown, Joel, Conway, Howard, Drews, Reinhard, Durand, Gaël, Goldberg, Daniel, Hattermann, Tore, Kingslake, Jonathan, Lenaerts, Jan T.M., Martín, Carlos, Mulvaney, Robert, Nicholls, Keith W., Pattyn, Frank, Ross, Neil, Scambos, Ted, and Whitehouse, Pippa L.

Published
2015
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14. Antarctic Bedmap data: FAIR sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface and thickness data

Author

Frémand, Alice C., primary, Fretwell, Peter, additional, Bodart, Julien, additional, Pritchard, Hamish D., additional, Aitken, Alan, additional, Bamber, Jonathan L., additional, Bell, Robin, additional, Bianchi, Cesido, additional, Bingham, Robert G., additional, Blankenship, Donald D., additional, Casassa, Gino, additional, Catania, Ginny, additional, Christianson, Knut, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Corr, Hugh F. J., additional, Cui, Xiangbin, additional, Damaske, Daniel, additional, Damm, Volkmar, additional, Drews, Reinhard, additional, Eagles, Graeme, additional, Eisen, Olaf, additional, Eisermann, Hannes, additional, Ferraccioli, Fausto, additional, Field, Elena, additional, Forsberg, René, additional, Franke, Steven, additional, Fujita, Shuji, additional, Gim, Yonggyu, additional, Goel, Vikram, additional, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, additional, Greenbaum, Jamin, additional, Hills, Benjamin, additional, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., additional, Holmlund, Per, additional, Holschuh, Nicholas, additional, Holt, John W., additional, Humbert, Angelika, additional, Jacobel, Robert W., additional, Jansen, Daniela, additional, Jenkins, Adrian, additional, Jokat, Wilfried, additional, Jordan, Tom, additional, King, Edward, additional, Kohler, Jack, additional, Krabill, William, additional, Langley, Kirsty, additional, Lee, Joohan, additional, Leitchenkov, German, additional, Leuschen, Carlton, additional, Luyendyk, Bruce, additional, MacGregor, Joseph, additional, MacKie, Emma, additional, Matsuoka, Kenichi, additional, Morlinghem, Mathieu, additional, Mouginot, Jeremie, additional, Nitsche, Frank O., additional, Nogi, Yoshifumi, additional, Nost, Ole A., additional, Paden, John, additional, Pattyn, Frank, additional, Popov, Sergey V., additional, Riger-Kusk, Mette, additional, Rignot, Eric, additional, Rippin, David M., additional, Rivera, Andres, additional, Roberts, Jason, additional, Ross, Neil, additional, Ruppel, Antonia, additional, Schroeder, Dustin M., additional, Siegert, Martin J., additional, Smith, Andrew M., additional, Steinhage, Daniel, additional, Studinger, Michael, additional, Sun, Bo, additional, Tabacco, Ignazio, additional, Tinto, Kirsty, additional, Urbini, Stefano, additional, Vaughan, David, additional, Welch, Brian C., additional, Wilson, Douglas S., additional, Young, Duncan A., additional, and Zirizzotti, Achille, additional

Published
2022
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15. Supplementary material to "Antarctic Bedmap data: FAIR sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface and thickness data"

Author

Frémand, Alice C., primary, Fretwell, Peter, additional, Bodart, Julien, additional, Pritchard, Hamish D., additional, Aitken, Alan, additional, Bamber, Jonathan L., additional, Bell, Robin, additional, Bianchi, Cesido, additional, Bingham, Robert G., additional, Blankenship, Donald D., additional, Casassa, Gino, additional, Catania, Ginny, additional, Christianson, Knut, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Corr, Hugh F. J., additional, Cui, Xiangbin, additional, Damaske, Daniel, additional, Damm, Volkmar, additional, Drews, Reinhard, additional, Eagles, Graeme, additional, Eisen, Olaf, additional, Eisermann, Hannes, additional, Ferraccioli, Fausto, additional, Field, Elena, additional, Forsberg, René, additional, Franke, Steven, additional, Fujita, Shuji, additional, Gim, Yonggyu, additional, Goel, Vikram, additional, Gogineni, Siva Prasad, additional, Greenbaum, Jamin, additional, Hills, Benjamin, additional, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., additional, Holmlund, Per, additional, Holschuh, Nicholas, additional, Holt, John W., additional, Humbert, Angelika, additional, Jacobel, Robert W., additional, Jansen, Daniela, additional, Jenkins, Adrian, additional, Jokat, Wilfried, additional, Jordan, Tom, additional, King, Edward, additional, Kohler, Jack, additional, Krabill, William, additional, Langley, Kirsty, additional, Lee, Joohan, additional, Leitchenkov, German, additional, Leuschen, Carlton, additional, Luyendyk, Bruce, additional, MacGregor, Joseph, additional, MacKie, Emma, additional, Matsuoka, Kenichi, additional, Morlinghem, Mathieu, additional, Mouginot, Jeremie, additional, Nitsche, Frank O., additional, Nogi, Yoshifumi, additional, Nost, Ole A., additional, Paden, John, additional, Pattyn, Frank, additional, Popov, Sergey V., additional, Riger-Kusk, Mette, additional, Rignot, Eric, additional, Rippin, David M., additional, Rivera, Andres, additional, Roberts, Jason, additional, Ross, Neil, additional, Ruppel, Antonia, additional, Schroeder, Dustin M., additional, Siegert, Martin J., additional, Smith, Andrew M., additional, Steinhage, Daniel, additional, Studinger, Michael, additional, Sun, Bo, additional, Tabacco, Ignazio, additional, Tinto, Kirsty, additional, Urbini, Stefano, additional, Vaughan, David, additional, Welch, Brian C., additional, Wilson, Douglas S., additional, Young, Duncan A., additional, and Zirizzotti, Achille, additional

Published
2022
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16. A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author

Bentley, Michael J., Ó Cofaigh, Colm, Anderson, John B., Conway, Howard, Davies, Bethan, Graham, Alastair G.C., Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Hodgson, Dominic A., Jamieson, Stewart S.R., Larter, Robert D., Mackintosh, Andrew, Smith, James A., Verleyen, Elie, Ackert, Robert P., Bart, Philip J., Berg, Sonja, Brunstein, Daniel, Canals, Miquel, Colhoun, Eric A., Crosta, Xavier, Dickens, William A., Domack, Eugene, Dowdeswell, Julian A., Dunbar, Robert, Ehrmann, Werner, Evans, Jeffrey, Favier, Vincent, Fink, David, Fogwill, Christopher J., Glasser, Neil F., Gohl, Karsten, Golledge, Nicholas R., Goodwin, Ian, Gore, Damian B., Greenwood, Sarah L., Hall, Brenda L., Hall, Kevin, Hedding, David W., Hein, Andrew S., Hocking, Emma P., Jakobsson, Martin, Johnson, Joanne S., Jomelli, Vincent, Jones, R. Selwyn, Klages, Johann P., Kristoffersen, Yngve, Kuhn, Gerhard, Leventer, Amy, Licht, Kathy, Lilly, Katherine, Lindow, Julia, Livingstone, Stephen J., Massé, Guillaume, McGlone, Matt S., McKay, Robert M., Melles, Martin, Miura, Hideki, Mulvaney, Robert, Nel, Werner, Nitsche, Frank O., O'Brien, Philip E., Post, Alexandra L., Roberts, Stephen J., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Simms, Alexander R., Spiegel, Cornelia, Stolldorf, Travis D., Sugden, David E., van der Putten, Nathalie, van Ommen, Tas, Verfaillie, Deborah, Vyverman, Wim, Wagner, Bernd, White, Duanne A., Witus, Alexandra E., and Zwartz, Dan

Published
2014
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18. Radar attenuation demonstrates advective cooling in the Siple Coast ice streams

Author

Hills, Benjamin H., Christianson, Knut, Jacobel, Robert W., Conway, Howard, Pettersson, Rickard, Hills, Benjamin H., Christianson, Knut, Jacobel, Robert W., Conway, Howard, and Pettersson, Rickard

Abstract

Ice streams are warmed by shear strain, both vertical shear near the bed and lateral shear at the margins. Warm ice deforms more easily, establishing a positive feedback loop in an ice stream where fast flow leads to warm ice and then to even faster flow. Here, we use radar attenuation measurements to show that the Siple Coast ice streams are colder than previously thought, which we hypothesize is due to along-flow advection of cold ice from upstream. We interpret the attenuation results within the context of previous ice-temperature measurements from nearby sites where hot-water boreholes were drilled. These in-situ temperatures are notably colder than model predictions, both in the ice streams and in an ice-stream shear margin. We then model ice temperature using a 1.5-dimensional numerical model which includes a parameterization for along-flow advection. Compared to analytical solutions, we find depth-averaged temperatures that are colder by 0.7°C in the Bindschadler Ice Stream, 2.7°C in the Kamb Ice Stream and 6.2–8.2°C in the Dragon Shear Margin of Whillans Ice Stream, closer to the borehole measurements at all locations. Modelled cooling corresponds to shear-margin thermal strengthening by 3–3.5 times compared to the warm-ice case, which must be compensated by some other weakening mechanism such as material damage or ice-crystal fabric anisotropy.

Published
2022
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19. Radar attenuation demonstrates advective cooling in the Siple Coast ice streams.

Author

Hills, Benjamin H., Christianson, Knut, Jacobel, Robert W., Conway, Howard, and Pettersson, Rickard

Subjects
ICE streams, SHEAR strain, RADAR, COOLING, ANALYTICAL solutions, SUBGLACIAL lakes, ICE crystals
Abstract

Ice streams are warmed by shear strain, both vertical shear near the bed and lateral shear at the margins. Warm ice deforms more easily, establishing a positive feedback loop in an ice stream where fast flow leads to warm ice and then to even faster flow. Here, we use radar attenuation measurements to show that the Siple Coast ice streams are colder than previously thought, which we hypothesize is due to along-flow advection of cold ice from upstream. We interpret the attenuation results within the context of previous ice-temperature measurements from nearby sites where hot-water boreholes were drilled. These in-situ temperatures are notably colder than model predictions, both in the ice streams and in an ice-stream shear margin. We then model ice temperature using a 1.5-dimensional numerical model which includes a parameterization for along-flow advection. Compared to analytical solutions, we find depth-averaged temperatures that are colder by 0.7°C in the Bindschadler Ice Stream, 2.7°C in the Kamb Ice Stream and 6.2–8.2°C in the Dragon Shear Margin of Whillans Ice Stream, closer to the borehole measurements at all locations. Modelled cooling corresponds to shear-margin thermal strengthening by 3–3.5 times compared to the warm-ice case, which must be compensated by some other weakening mechanism such as material damage or ice-crystal fabric anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Holocene Accumulation and Ice Flow near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core Site

Author

Koutnik, Michelle R, Fudge, T.J, Conway, Howard, Waddington, Edwin D, Neumann, Thomas A, Cuffey, Kurt M, Buizert, Christo, and Taylor, Kendrick C

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Core (WDC) provided a high-resolution climate record from near the Ross-Amundsen Divide in Central West Antarctica. In addition, radar-detected internal layers in the vicinity of the WDC site have been dated directly from the ice core to provide spatial variations in the age structure of the region. Using these two data sets together, we first infer a high-resolution Holocene accumulation-rate history from 9.2 thousand years of the ice-core timescale and then confirm that this climate history is consistent with internal layers upstream of the core site. Even though the WDC was drilled only 24 kilometers from the modern ice divide, advection of ice from upstream must be taken into account. We evaluate histories of accumulation rate by using a flowband model to generate internal layers that we compare to observed layers. Results show that the centennially averaged accumulation rate was over 20 percent lower than modern at 9.2 thousand years before present (B.P.), increased by 40 percent from 9.2 to 2.3 thousand years B.P., and decreased by at least 10 percent over the past 2 thousand years B.P. to the modern values; these Holocene accumulation-rate changes in Central West Antarctica are larger than changes inferred from East Antarctic ice-core records. Despite significant changes in accumulation rate, throughout the Holocene the regional accumulation pattern has likely remained similar to today, and the ice-divide position has likely remained on average within 5 kilometers of its modern position. Continent-scale ice-sheet models used for reconstructions of West Antarctic ice volume should incorporate this accumulation history.

Published
2016
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26. Antarctic Bedmap data: FAIR sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface and thickness data.

Author

Frémand, Alice C., Fretwell, Peter, Bodart, Julien, Pritchard, Hamish D., Aitken, Alan, Bamber, Jonathan L., Bell, Robin, Bianchi, Cesido, Bingham, Robert G., Blankenship, Donald D., Casassa, Gino, Catania, Ginny, Christianson, Knut, Conway, Howard, Corr, Hugh F. J., Xiangbin Cui, Damaske, Daniel, Damm, Volkmar, Drews, Reinhard, and Eagles, Graeme

Subjects
INFORMATION sharing, ANTARCTIC ice, ICE sheets, GEOPHYSICAL surveys, SEA level, SUBGLACIAL lakes, ICE
Abstract

Over the past 60 years, scientists have strived to understand the past, present and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Bedmap3 Action Group aims not only to produce new gridded maps of ice thickness and bed topography for the international scientific community, but also to standardize and make available all the geophysical survey data points used in producing the Bedmap gridded products. Here, we document the survey data used in the latest iteration, Bedmap3, incorporating and adding to all of the datasets previously used for Bedmap1 and Bedmap2, including ice-bed, surface and thickness point data from all Antarctic geophysical campaigns since the 1950s. More specifically, we describe the processes used to standardize and make these and future survey and gridded datasets accessible under the 'Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable' (FAIR) data principles. With the goals to make the gridding process reproducible and to allow scientists to re-use the data freely for their own analysis, we introduce the new SCAR Bedmap Data Portal (bedmap.scar.org, last access: 18 October 2022) created to provide unprecedented open access to these important datasets, through a user-friendly webmap interface. We believe that this data release will be a valuable asset to Antarctic research and will greatly extend the life cycle of the data held within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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28. Radio-echo sounding and waveform modeling reveal abundant marine ice in former rifts and basal crevasses within Crary Ice Rise, Antarctica

Author

Hillebrand, Trevor R., Conway, Howard, Koutnik, Michelle, Martín, Carlos, Paden, John, Winberry, J. Paul, Hillebrand, Trevor R., Conway, Howard, Koutnik, Michelle, Martín, Carlos, Paden, John, and Winberry, J. Paul

Abstract

Crary Ice Rise formed after the Ross Ice Shelf re-grounded ~1 kyr BP. We present new ice-penetrating radar data from two systems operating at center frequencies of 7 and 750 MHz that confirm the ice rise is composed of a former ice shelf buried by subsequent accumulation. Stacks of englacial diffraction hyperbolas are present almost everywhere across the central ice rise and extend up to ~350 m above the bed. In many cases, bed reflections beneath the diffraction hyperbolas are obscured for distances up to 1 km. Waveform modeling indicates that the diffraction hyperbolas are likely caused by marine ice deposits in former basal crevasses and rifts. The in-filling of rifts and basal crevasses may have strengthened the connection between the ice rise and the surrounding ice shelf, which could have influenced local and regional ice dynamics. Three internal reflection horizons mark the upper limit of disturbed ice and diffraction hyperbolas in different sections of the ice rise, indicating at least three stages of flow stabilization across the ice rise. A surface lineation visible in MODIS imagery corresponds spatially to deepening and strong deformation of these layers, consistent with the characteristics of former grounding lines observed elsewhere in Antarctica.

Published
2021

29. Reconstruction of Temperature, Accumulation Rate, and Layer Thinning From an Ice Core at South Pole, Using a Statistical Inverse Method

Author

Kahle, Emma C., primary, Steig, Eric J., additional, Jones, Tyler R., additional, Fudge, T. J., additional, Koutnik, Michelle R., additional, Morris, Valerie A., additional, Vaughn, Bruce H., additional, Schauer, Andrew J., additional, Stevens, C. Max, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Waddington, Edwin D., additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Epifanio, Jenna, additional, and White, James W. C., additional

Published
2021
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30. La datation des archives glaciaires

Author

Lee, James, Brook, Edward, Bertler, Nancy, Buizert, Christo, Baisden, Troy, Blunier, Thomas, Ciobanu, V. Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Fudge, Tyler, Hindmarsh, Richard, Keller, Elizabeth, Parrenin, F., Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Vallelonga, Paul, Waddington, Edwin, Winstrup, Mai, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology
Abstract

International audience; Les glaces en Antarctique et au Groenland sont une archive de premier plan pour reconstruire le climat du Quaternaire. Une datation précise est nécessaire pour exploiter cette archive. Les méthodes de datation peuvent être tirées de l'analyse de la glace, des bulles d'air piégées, de la comparaison à d'autres archives ou aux variations des paramètres orbitaux de la Terre, ou de la modélisation du processus de sédimentation glaciaire. Ces méthodes étant complémentaires, un modèle probabiliste a été développé pour les combiner de manière optimale.

Published
2020
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31. An 83 000-year-old ice core from Roosevelt Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Author

Lee, James E., Brook, Edward J., Bertler, Nancy A. N., Buizert, Christo, Baisden, Troy, Blunier, Thomas, Ciobanu, V. Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Fudge, Tyler J., Hindmarsh, Richard, Keller, Elizabeth D., Parrenin, Frédéric, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Vallelonga, Paul, Waddington, Edwin D., Winstrup, Mai, Lee, James E., Brook, Edward J., Bertler, Nancy A. N., Buizert, Christo, Baisden, Troy, Blunier, Thomas, Ciobanu, V. Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Fudge, Tyler J., Hindmarsh, Richard, Keller, Elizabeth D., Parrenin, Frédéric, Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Vallelonga, Paul, Waddington, Edwin D., and Winstrup, Mai

Abstract

In 2013 an ice core was recovered from Roosevelt Island, an ice dome between two submarine troughs carved by paleo-ice-streams in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The ice core is part of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) project and provides new information about the past configuration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and its retreat during the last deglaciation. In this work we present the RICE17 chronology, which establishes the depth–age relationship for the top 754 m of the 763 m core. RICE17 is a composite chronology combining annual layer interpretations for 0–343 m (Winstrup et al., 2019) with new estimates for gas and ice ages based on synchronization of CH4 and δ18Oatm records to corresponding records from the WAIS Divide ice core and by modeling of the gas age–ice age difference. Novel aspects of this work include the following: (1) an automated algorithm for multiproxy stratigraphic synchronization of high-resolution gas records; (2) synchronization using centennial-scale variations in methane for pre-anthropogenic time periods (60–720 m, 1971 CE to 30 ka), a strategy applicable for future ice cores; and (3) the observation of a continuous climate record back to ∼65 ka providing evidence that the Roosevelt Island Ice Dome was a constant feature throughout the last glacial period.

Published
2020

33. Advection and non-climate impacts on the South Pole Ice Core

Author

Fudge, Tyler J., Lilien, David A., Koutnik, Michelle, Conway, Howard, Stevens, C. Max, Waddington, Edwin D., Steig, Eric J., Schauer, Andrew J., Holschuh, Nicholas, Fudge, Tyler J., Lilien, David A., Koutnik, Michelle, Conway, Howard, Stevens, C. Max, Waddington, Edwin D., Steig, Eric J., Schauer, Andrew J., and Holschuh, Nicholas

Published
2020

35. Fast-flow signature in the stagnated Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Author

Ng, Felix and Conway, Howard

Subjects
Geology -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Among the major ice streams that drain West Antarctica, Kamb Ice Stream (formerly called Ice Stream C) is unique in that it stagnated ~150 yr ago, but its former fast-flow conditions are virtually unknown. Here we present surface-based radar profiles of the ice stream's undulating internal stratigraphy, which records these conditions. Our analysis of the profiles indicates that prestagnation flow velocities, averaged over a period Keywords: West Antarctica, ice streams, radar, mass balance.

Published
2004

39. Reconstruction of temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from an ice core at South Pole using a statistical inverse method

Author

Kahle, Emma C., primary, Steig, Eric J., additional, Jones, Tyler R., additional, Fudge, T.J., additional, Koutnik, Michelle Rebecca, additional, Morris, Valerie, additional, Vaughn, Bruce, additional, Schauer, Andrew, additional, Stevens, C. Max, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Waddington, Edwin D, additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Epifanio, Jenna, additional, and White, James W.C., additional

Published
2020
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40. Advection and non-climate impacts on the South Pole Ice Core

Author

Fudge, Tyler J., primary, Lilien, David A., additional, Koutnik, Michelle, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Stevens, C. Max, additional, Waddington, Edwin D., additional, Steig, Eric J., additional, Schauer, Andrew J., additional, and Holschuh, Nicholas, additional

Published
2020
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42. A 2700-year annual timescale and accumulation history for an ice core from Roosevelt Island, West Antarctica

Author

Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul, Kjær, Helle A., Fudge, Tyler J., Lee, James E., Riis, Marie H., Edwards, Ross, Bertler, Nancy A.N., Blunier, Thomas, Brook, Ed J., Buizert, Christo, Ciobanu, Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Ellis, Aja, Emanuelsson, B. Daniel, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Keller, Elizabeth D., Kurbatov, Andrei V., Mayewski, Paul A., Neff, Peter D., Pyne, Rebecca L., Simonsen, Marius F., Svensson, Anders, Tuohy, Andrea, Waddington, Edwin D., Wheatley, Sarah, Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul, Kjær, Helle A., Fudge, Tyler J., Lee, James E., Riis, Marie H., Edwards, Ross, Bertler, Nancy A.N., Blunier, Thomas, Brook, Ed J., Buizert, Christo, Ciobanu, Gabriela, Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Ellis, Aja, Emanuelsson, B. Daniel, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Keller, Elizabeth D., Kurbatov, Andrei V., Mayewski, Paul A., Neff, Peter D., Pyne, Rebecca L., Simonsen, Marius F., Svensson, Anders, Tuohy, Andrea, Waddington, Edwin D., and Wheatley, Sarah

Abstract

ice core, Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica. The core adds information on past accumulation changes in an otherwise poorly constrained sector of Antarctica. The timescale was constructed by identifying annual cycles in high-resolution impurity records, and it constitutes the top part of the Roosevelt Island Ice Core Chronology 2017 (RICE17). Validation by volcanic and methane matching to the WD2014 chronology from the WAIS Divide ice core shows that the two timescales are in excellent agreement. In a companion paper, gas matching to WAIS Divide is used to extend the timescale for the deeper part of the core in which annual layers cannot be identified. Based on the annually resolved timescale, we produced a record of past snow accumulation at Roosevelt Island. The accumulation history shows that Roosevelt Island experienced slightly increasing accumulation rates between 700 BCE and 1300 CE, with an average accumulation of 0.25±0.02 m water equivalent (w.e.) per year. Since 1300 CE, trends in the accumulation rate have been consistently negative, with an acceleration in the rate of decline after the mid-17th century. The current accumulation rate at Roosevelt Island is 0.210±0.002 m w.e. yr−1 (average since 1965 CE, ±2σ), and it is rapidly declining with a trend corresponding to 0.8 mm yr−2. The decline observed since the mid-1960s is 8 times faster than the long-term decreasing trend taking place over the previous centuries, with decadal mean accumulation rates consistently being below average. Previous research has shown a strong link between Roosevelt Island accumulation rates and the location and intensity of the Amundsen Sea Low, which has a significant impact on regional sea-ice extent. The decrease in accumulation rates at Roosevelt Island may therefore be explained in terms of a recent strengthening of the ASL and the expansion of sea ice in the eastern Ross Sea. The start of the rapid decrease in RICE accumulation rates observed in 1965 CE may thus mark the ons

Published
2019

48. A 2700-year annual timescale and accumulation history for an ice core from Roosevelt Island, West Antarctica

Author

Winstrup, Mai, primary, Vallelonga, Paul, additional, Kjær, Helle A., additional, Fudge, Tyler J., additional, Lee, James E., additional, Riis, Marie H., additional, Edwards, Ross, additional, Bertler, Nancy A. N., additional, Blunier, Thomas, additional, Brook, Ed J., additional, Buizert, Christo, additional, Ciobanu, Gabriela, additional, Conway, Howard, additional, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, additional, Ellis, Aja, additional, Emanuelsson, B. Daniel, additional, Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., additional, Keller, Elizabeth D., additional, Kurbatov, Andrei V., additional, Mayewski, Paul A., additional, Neff, Peter D., additional, Pyne, Rebecca L., additional, Simonsen, Marius F., additional, Svensson, Anders, additional, Tuohy, Andrea, additional, Waddington, Edwin D., additional, and Wheatley, Sarah, additional

Published
2019
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49. The Ross Sea Dipole-temperature, snow accumulation and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, over the past 2700 years

Author

Bertler, N, Conway, H, Dahl-Jensen, D, Emanuelsson, D, Winstrup, M, Vallelonga, P, Lee, J, Brook, E, Severinghaus, J, Fudge, T, Keller, E, Troy Baisden, W, Hindmarsh, R, Neff, P, Blunier, T, Edwards, R, Mayewski, P, Kipfstuhl, S, Buizert, C, Canessa, S, Dadic, R, Kjær, H, Kurbatov, A, Zhang, D, Waddington, E, Baccolo, G, Beers, T, Brightley, H, Carter, L, Clemens-Sewall, D, Ciobanu, V, Delmonte, B, Eling, L, Ellis, A, Ganesh, S, Golledge, N, Haines, S, Handley, M, Hawley, R, Hogan, C, Johnson, K, Korotkikh, E, Lowry, D, Mandeno, D, Mckay, R, Menking, J, Naish, T, Noerling, C, Ollive, A, Orsi, A, Proemse, B, Pyne, A, Pyne, R, Renwick, J, Scherer, R, Semper, S, Simonsen, M, Sneed, S, Steig, E, Tuohy, A, Ulayottil Venugopal, A, Valero-Delgado, F, Venkatesh, J, Wang, F, Wang, S, Winski, D, Holly, W, Whiteford, A, Xiao, C, Yang, J, Zhang, X, Bertler, Nancy A. N., Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B., Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T., Lee, James E., Brook, Ed J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Fudge, Taylor J., Keller, Elizabeth D., Troy Baisden, W., Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., Neff, Peter D., Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A., Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Edwin D., Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J., Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G., Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja, Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R., Haines, Skylar, Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L., Hogan, Chad M., Johnson, Katelyn M., Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P., Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M., Menking, James A., Naish, Timothy R., Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C., Pyne, Alexander R., Pyne, Rebecca L., Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P., Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B., Steig, Eric J., Tuohy, Andrea, Ulayottil Venugopal, Abhijith, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A., Holly, Winton, Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, Zhang, Xin, Bertler, N, Conway, H, Dahl-Jensen, D, Emanuelsson, D, Winstrup, M, Vallelonga, P, Lee, J, Brook, E, Severinghaus, J, Fudge, T, Keller, E, Troy Baisden, W, Hindmarsh, R, Neff, P, Blunier, T, Edwards, R, Mayewski, P, Kipfstuhl, S, Buizert, C, Canessa, S, Dadic, R, Kjær, H, Kurbatov, A, Zhang, D, Waddington, E, Baccolo, G, Beers, T, Brightley, H, Carter, L, Clemens-Sewall, D, Ciobanu, V, Delmonte, B, Eling, L, Ellis, A, Ganesh, S, Golledge, N, Haines, S, Handley, M, Hawley, R, Hogan, C, Johnson, K, Korotkikh, E, Lowry, D, Mandeno, D, Mckay, R, Menking, J, Naish, T, Noerling, C, Ollive, A, Orsi, A, Proemse, B, Pyne, A, Pyne, R, Renwick, J, Scherer, R, Semper, S, Simonsen, M, Sneed, S, Steig, E, Tuohy, A, Ulayottil Venugopal, A, Valero-Delgado, F, Venkatesh, J, Wang, F, Wang, S, Winski, D, Holly, W, Whiteford, A, Xiao, C, Yang, J, Zhang, X, Bertler, Nancy A. N., Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B., Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T., Lee, James E., Brook, Ed J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Fudge, Taylor J., Keller, Elizabeth D., Troy Baisden, W., Hindmarsh, Richard C. A., Neff, Peter D., Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A., Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Edwin D., Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J., Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G., Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja, Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R., Haines, Skylar, Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L., Hogan, Chad M., Johnson, Katelyn M., Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P., Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M., Menking, James A., Naish, Timothy R., Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C., Pyne, Alexander R., Pyne, Rebecca L., Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P., Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B., Steig, Eric J., Tuohy, Andrea, Ulayottil Venugopal, Abhijith, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A., Holly, Winton, Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, and Zhang, Xin

Abstract

High-resolution, well-dated climate archives provide an opportunity to investigate the dynamic interactions of climate patterns relevant for future projections. Here, we present data from a new, annually dated ice core record from the eastern Ross Sea, named the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core. Comparison of this record with climate reanalysis data for the 1979-2012 interval shows that RICE reliably captures temperature and snow precipitation variability in the region. Trends over the past 2700 years in RICE are shown to be distinct from those in West Antarctica and the western Ross Sea captured by other ice cores. For most of this interval, the eastern Ross Sea was warming (or showing isotopic enrichment for other reasons), with increased snow accumulation and perhaps decreased sea ice concentration. However, West Antarctica cooled and the western Ross Sea showed no significant isotope temperature trend. This pattern here is referred to as the Ross Sea Dipole. Notably, during the Little Ice Age, West Antarctica and the western Ross Sea experienced colder than average temperatures, while the eastern Ross Sea underwent a period of warming or increased isotopic enrichment. From the 17th century onwards, this dipole relationship changed. All three regions show current warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea but increasing in the western Ross Sea. We interpret this pattern as reflecting an increase in sea ice in the eastern Ross Sea with perhaps the establishment of a modern Roosevelt Island polynya as a local moisture source for RICE

Published
2018

50. The Ross Sea Dipole - temperature, snow accumulation and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, over the past 2700 Years

Author

Bertler, Nancy A.N., Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B., Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T., Lee, James E., Brook, Ed J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Fudge, Taylor J., Keller, Elizabeth D., Baisden, W. Troy, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Neff, Peter D., Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A., Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Ed D., Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J., Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G., Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja A., Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R., Haines, Skylar A., Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L., Hogan, Chad M., Johnson, Katelyn M., Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P., Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M., Menking, James A., Naish, Timothy R., Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C., Pyne, Alexander R., Pyne, Rebecca L., Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P., Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B., Steig, Eric J., Tuohy, Andrea, Ulayottil Venugopal, Abhijith, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A., Winton, Victoria H.L., Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, Zhang, Xin, Bertler, Nancy A.N., Conway, Howard, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Emanuelsson, Daniel B., Winstrup, Mai, Vallelonga, Paul T., Lee, James E., Brook, Ed J., Severinghaus, Jeffrey P., Fudge, Taylor J., Keller, Elizabeth D., Baisden, W. Troy, Hindmarsh, Richard C.A., Neff, Peter D., Blunier, Thomas, Edwards, Ross, Mayewski, Paul A., Kipfstuhl, Sepp, Buizert, Christo, Canessa, Silvia, Dadic, Ruzica, Kjær, Helle A., Kurbatov, Andrei, Zhang, Dongqi, Waddington, Ed D., Baccolo, Giovanni, Beers, Thomas, Brightley, Hannah J., Carter, Lionel, Clemens-Sewall, David, Ciobanu, Viorela G., Delmonte, Barbara, Eling, Lukas, Ellis, Aja A., Ganesh, Shruthi, Golledge, Nicholas R., Haines, Skylar A., Handley, Michael, Hawley, Robert L., Hogan, Chad M., Johnson, Katelyn M., Korotkikh, Elena, Lowry, Daniel P., Mandeno, Darcy, McKay, Robert M., Menking, James A., Naish, Timothy R., Noerling, Caroline, Ollive, Agathe, Orsi, Anaïs, Proemse, Bernadette C., Pyne, Alexander R., Pyne, Rebecca L., Renwick, James, Scherer, Reed P., Semper, Stefanie, Simonsen, Marius, Sneed, Sharon B., Steig, Eric J., Tuohy, Andrea, Ulayottil Venugopal, Abhijith, Valero-Delgado, Fernando, Venkatesh, Janani, Wang, Feitang, Wang, Shimeng, Winski, Dominic A., Winton, Victoria H.L., Whiteford, Arran, Xiao, Cunde, Yang, Jiao, and Zhang, Xin

Abstract

High-resolution, well-dated climate archives provide an opportunity to investigate the dynamic interactions of climate patterns relevant for future projections. Here, we present data from a new, annually-dated ice core record from the eastern Ross Sea. Comparison of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core records with climate reanalysis data for the 1979–2012 calibration period shows that RICE records reliably capture temperature and snow precipitation variability of the region. RICE is compared with data from West Antarctica (West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core) and the western (Talos Dome) and eastern (Siple Dome) Ross Sea. For most of the past 2,700 years, the eastern Ross Sea was warming with perhaps increased snow accumulation and decreased sea ice extent. However, West Antarctica cooled whereas the western Ross Sea showed no significant temperature trend. From the 17th Century onwards, this relationship changes. All three regions now show signs of warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea, but increasing in the western Ross Sea. Analysis of decadal to centennial-scale climate variability superimposed on the longer term trend reveal that periods characterised by opposing temperature trends between the Eastern and Western Ross Sea have occurred since the 3rd Century but are masked by longer-term trends. This pattern here is referred to as the Ross Sea Dipole, caused by a sensitive response of the region to dynamic interactions of the Southern Annual Mode and tropical forcings.

Published
2018

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