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1. The data acquisition system of the LZ dark matter detector: FADR

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Dimino, T, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Gelfand, R, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Koyuncu, M, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, and Kreczko, L

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The Data Acquisition System (DAQ) for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter detector is described. The signals from 745 PMTs, distributed across three subsystems, are sampled with 100-MHz 32-channel digitizers (DDC-32s). A basic waveform analysis is carried out on the on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to extract information about the observed scintillation and electroluminescence signals. This information is used to determine if the digitized waveforms should be preserved for offline analysis. The system is designed around the Kintex-7 FPGA. In addition to digitizing the PMT signals and providing basic event selection in real time, the flexibility provided by the use of FPGAs allows us to monitor the performance of the detector and the DAQ in parallel to normal data acquisition. The hardware and software/firmware of this FPGA-based Architecture for Data acquisition and Realtime monitoring (FADR) are discussed and performance measurements are described.

Published
2024

2. The design, implementation, and performance of the LZ calibration systems

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fieldhouse, N, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JJ, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O'Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kim, YD, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, and Levy, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a tonne-scale experiment searching for direct dark matter interactions and other rare events. It is located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The core of the LZ detector is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), designed with the primary goal of detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their induced low energy nuclear recoils. Surrounding the TPC, two veto detectors immersed in an ultra-pure water tank enable reducing background events to enhance the discovery potential. Intricate calibration systems are purposely designed to precisely understand the responses of these three detector volumes to various types of particle interactions and to demonstrate LZ’s ability to discriminate between signals and backgrounds. In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion of the key features, requirements, and performance of the LZ calibration systems, which play a crucial role in enabling LZ’s WIMP-search and its broad science program. The thorough description of these calibration systems, with an emphasis on their novel aspects, is valuable for future calibration efforts in direct dark matter and other rare-event search experiments.

Published
2024

3. New constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the LZ experiment

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Barillier, EE, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, EJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chin, YT, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Di Felice, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Haiston, JH, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kannichankandy, M, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Lee, J, and Leonard, DS

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

Searches for dark matter with liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments have traditionally focused on the region of the parameter space that is characteristic of weakly interacting massive particles, ranging from a few GeV/c2 to a few TeV/c2. Models of dark matter with a mass much heavier than this are well motivated by early production mechanisms different from the standard thermal freeze-out, but they have generally been less explored experimentally. In this work, we present a reanalysis of the first science run of the LZ experiment, with an exposure of 0.9 tonne×yr, to search for ultraheavy particle dark matter. The signal topology consists of multiple energy deposits in the active region of the detector forming a straight line, from which the velocity of the incoming particle can be reconstructed on an event-by-event basis. Zero events with this topology were observed after applying the data selection calibrated on a simulated sample of signal-like events. New experimental constraints are derived, which rule out previously unexplored regions of the dark matter parameter space of spin-independent interactions beyond a mass of 1017 GeV/c2.

Published
2024

4. First constraints on WIMP-nucleon effective field theory couplings in an extended energy region from LUX-ZEPLIN

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Bishop, E, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carter, M, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, MA, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Homenides, GJ, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacquet, E, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lin, J, Lindote, A, and Linehan, R

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy
Abstract

Following the first science results of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating from the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA, we report the initial limits on a model-independent nonrelativistic effective field theory describing the complete set of possible interactions of a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with a nucleon. These results utilize the same 5.5 t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure collected for the LZ spin-independent and spin-dependent analyses while extending the upper limit of the energy region of interest by a factor of 7.5 to 270 keV. No significant excess in this high energy region is observed. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling of each individual nonrelativistic WIMP-nucleon operator for both elastic and inelastic interactions in the isoscalar and isovector bases.

Published
2024

5. Search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Beltrame, P, Benson, T, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Curran, D, Dahl, CE, David, A, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, TMA, Gaitskell, RJ, Geffre, A, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Huang, DQ, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Horn, M, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kim, J, Kingston, J, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, and Lippincott, WH

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. We report searches for new physics appearing through few-keV-scale electron recoils, using the experiment's first exposure of 60 live days and a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. The data are found to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, and limits are set on models for new physics including solar axion electron coupling, solar neutrino magnetic moment and millicharge, and electron couplings to galactic axionlike particles and hidden photons. Similar limits are set on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter producing signals through ionized atomic states from the Migdal effect.

Published
2023

6. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Akerlof, CW, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alqahtani, A, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Azadi, S, Bailey, AJ, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Barry, MJ, Barthel, J, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Belle, J, Beltrame, P, Bensinger, J, Benson, T, Bernard, EP, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Birrittella, B, Blockinger, GM, Boast, KE, Boxer, B, Bramante, R, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Buckley, JH, Bugaev, VV, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carels, C, Carlsmith, DL, Carlson, B, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Cherwinka, JJ, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Coleman, J, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Craddock, WW, Creaner, O, Curran, D, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, David, A, Davis, J, Davison, TJR, Delgaudio, J, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Dushkin, A, Edberg, TK, Edwards, WR, Elnimr, MM, Emmet, WT, Eriksen, SR, Faham, CH, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Ford, P, Francis, VB, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Gantos, NJ, Garcia, D, Geffre, A, Gehman, VM, and Genovesi, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX-ZEPLIN Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9  GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36  GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48}  cm at the 90% confidence level.

Published
2023

7. Background determination for the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Baker, A, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chiang, APS, Chott, NI, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Dahl, CE, David, A, Dey, S, de Viveiros, L, Ding, C, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibbons, R, Gilchriese, MGD, Gokhale, S, Green, J, van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Han, S, Hartigan-O’Connor, E, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Heuermann, G, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jacobsen, RG, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Khaitan, D, Khurana, I, Kirk, R, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, and Liu, X

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment recently reported limits on WIMP-nucleus interactions from its initial science run, down to 9.2×10-48 cm2 for the spin-independent interaction of a 36 GeV/c2 WIMP at 90% confidence level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the backgrounds important for this result and for other upcoming physics analyses, including neutrinoless double-beta decay searches and effective field theory interpretations of LUX-ZEPLIN data. We confirm that the in-situ determinations of bulk and fixed radioactive backgrounds are consistent with expectations from the ex-situ assays. The observed background rate after WIMP search criteria were applied was (6.3±0.5)×10-5 events/keVee/kg/day in the low-energy region, approximately 60 times lower than the equivalent rate reported by the LUX experiment.

Published
2023

8. Cosmogenic production of Ar37 in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Bernard, EP, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, David, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gilchriese, MGD, Gokhale, S, van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lee, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, and Linehan, R

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

We estimate the amount of Ar37 produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth's surface. We then calculate the resulting Ar37 concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of Ar37 in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024 atoms/kg/day. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1 tonne/month, the average Ar37 activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is 0.058-0.090 μBq/kg, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic Ar37 will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of Ar37 should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments.

Published
2022

9. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the two-neutrino and neutrinoless double β decays of Xe134

Author

Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, de Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, gnarra, MCI, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Liao, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, and Asamar, E López

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to two-neutrino and neutrinoless double β decay of Xe134 is presented. LZ is a 10-tonne xenon time-projection chamber optimized for the detection of dark matter particles and is expected to start operating in 2021 at Sanford Underground Research Facility, USA. Its large mass of natural xenon provides an exceptional opportunity to search for the double β decay of Xe134, for which xenon detectors enriched in Xe136 are less effective. For the two-neutrino decay mode, LZ is predicted to exclude values of the half-life up to 1.7×1024 years at 90% confidence level (CL) and has a three-sigma observation potential of 8.7×1023 years, approaching the predictions of nuclear models. For the neutrinoless decay mode LZ, is projected to exclude values of the half-life up to 7.3×1024 years at 90% CL.

Published
2021

10. Projected sensitivities of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to new physics via low-energy electron recoils

Author

Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, de Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Hardy, CA, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Li, J, Liao, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, and Lopes, MI

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN is a dark matter detector expected to obtain world-leading sensitivity to weakly-interacting massive particles interacting via nuclear recoils with a ∼7-tonne xenon target mass. This paper presents sensitivity projections to several low-energy signals of the complementary electron recoil signal type: 1) an effective neutrino magnetic moment, and 2) an effective neutrino millicharge, both for pp-chain solar neutrinos, 3) an axion flux generated by the Sun, 4) axionlike particles forming the Galactic dark matter, 5) hidden photons, 6) mirror dark matter, and 7) leptophilic dark matter. World-leading sensitivities are expected in each case, a result of the large 5.6 t 1000 d exposure and low expected rate of electron-recoil backgrounds in the

Published
2021

11. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to the two-neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decays of $^{134}$Xe

Author

LUX-ZEPLIN, The, Collaboration, Akerib, DS, Musalhi, AK Al, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araujo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Bras, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, Viveiros, L de, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, Grinten, MGD van der, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Liao, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, and Liu, X

Subjects
physics.ins-det, nucl-ex
Abstract

The projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to two-neutrinoand neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{134}$Xe is presented. LZ is a 10-tonnexenon time projection chamber optimized for the detection of dark matterparticles, that is expected to start operating in 2021 at Sanford UndergroundResearch Facility, USA. Its large mass of natural xenon provides an exceptionalopportunity to search for the double beta decay of $^{134}$Xe, for which xenondetectors enriched in $^{136}$Xe are less effective. For the two-neutrino decaymode, LZ is predicted to exclude values of the half-life up to1.7$\times$10$^{24}$ years at 90% confidence level (CL), and has a three-sigmaobservation potential of 8.7$\times$10$^{23}$ years, approaching thepredictions of nuclear models. For the neutrinoless decay mode LZ, is projectedto exclude values of the half-life up to 7.3$\times$10$^{24}$ years at 90% CL.

Published
2021

12. Projected sensitivities of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment to new physics via low-energy electron recoils

Author

Collaboration, The LZ, Akerib, DS, Musalhi, AK Al, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, Viveiros, L de, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, Grinten, MGD van der, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Hardy, CA, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Li, J, Liao, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, and Liu, X

Subjects
hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, hep-ph
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a dark matter detector expected to obtain world-leadingsensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) interacting vianuclear recoils with a ~7-tonne xenon target mass. This manuscript presentssensitivity projections to several low-energy signals of the complementaryelectron recoil signal type: 1) an effective neutrino magnetic moment and 2) aneffective neutrino millicharge, both for pp-chain solar neutrinos, 3) an axionflux generated by the Sun, 4) axion-like particles forming the galactic darkmatter, 5) hidden photons, 6) mirror dark matter, and 7) leptophilic darkmatter. World-leading sensitivities are expected in each case, a result of thelarge 5.6t 1000d exposure and low expected rate of electron recoil backgroundsin the $

Published
2021

13. Enhancing the sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment to low energy signals

Author

Akerib, DS, Musalhi, AK Al, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, Viveiros, L de, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, Grinten, MGD van der, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Li, J, Liao, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, Asamar, E Lopez, Paredes, B López, Lorenzon, W, and Luitz, S

Subjects
astro-ph.IM, physics.ins-det
Abstract

Two-phase xenon detectors, such as that at the core of the forthcoming LZdark matter experiment, use photomultiplier tubes to sense the primary (S1) andsecondary (S2) scintillation signals resulting from particle interactions intheir liquid xenon target. This paper describes a simulation study exploringtwo techniques to lower the energy threshold of LZ to gain sensitivity tolow-mass dark matter and astrophysical neutrinos, which will be applicable toother liquid xenon detectors. The energy threshold is determined by the numberof detected S1 photons; typically, these must be recorded in three or morephotomultiplier channels to avoid dark count coincidences that mimic realsignals. To lower this threshold: a) we take advantage of the doublephotoelectron emission effect, whereby a single vacuum ultraviolet photon has a$\sim20\%$ probability of ejecting two photoelectrons from a photomultipliertube photocathode; and b) we drop the requirement of an S1 signal altogether,and use only the ionization signal, which can be detected more efficiently. Forboth techniques we develop signal and background models for the nominalexposure, and explore accompanying systematic effects, including the dependenceon the free electron lifetime in the liquid xenon. When incorporating doublephotoelectron signals, we predict a factor of $\sim 4$ sensitivity improvementto the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section at $2.5$ GeV/c$^2$, and afactor of $\sim1.6$ increase in the solar $^8$B neutrino detection rate.Dropping the S1 requirement may allow sensitivity gains of two orders ofmagnitude in both cases. Finally, we apply these techniques to even lowermasses by taking into account the atomic Migdal effect; this could lower thedark matter particle mass threshold to $80$ MeV/c$^2$.

Published
2021

14. Cosmogenic production of 37 Ar in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Author

Aalbers, J, Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beattie, K, Bernard, EP, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, David, A, De Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gilchriese, MGD, Gokhale, S, Van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Hunt, D, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Lee, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, Lopez Asamar, E, Lopez-Paredes, B, Lorenzon, W, Luitz, S, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Manenti, L, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, McCarthy, ME, McKinsey, DN, McLaughlin, J, Miller, EH, Mizrachi, E, Monte, A, Monzani, ME, Morad, JA, Morales Mendoza, JD, Morrison, E, Mount, BJ, Murphy, ASJ, Naim, D, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Nikoleyczik, JA, Nilima, A, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, K, Pal, S, Palladino, KJ, Palmer, J, Parveen, N, Patton, SJ, Pease, EK, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Perry, E, Pershing, J, Piepke, A, Porzio, D, Qie, Y, Reichenbacher, J, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, Rischbieter, GRC, Rosero, R, Rossiter, P, Rushton, T, Santone, D, Sazzad, ABMR, Schnee, RW, Scovell, PR, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silk, JJ, Silva, C, Sinev, G, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, Stancu, I, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, Suerfu, B, Sumner, TJ, Swanson, N, Szydagis, M, Taylor, WC, Taylor, R, Temples, DJ, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, To, WH, Tong, Z, Tovey, DR, Trask, M, Tripathi, M, Tronstad, DR, Turner, W, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Wang, B, Wang, Y, Wang, JJ, Wang, W, Watson, JR, Webb, RC, White, RG, Whitis, TJ, Williams, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woodford, S, Woodward, D, Wright, CJ, Xia, Q, Xiang, X, Xu, J, and Yeh, M

Subjects
hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, hep-ph, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We estimate the amount of 37 Ar produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth’s surface. We then calculate the resulting 37 Ar concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of 37 Ar in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024 atoms / kg / day . Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1 tonne / month , the average 37 Ar activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is 0.058 − 0.090 μ Bq / kg , depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic 37 Ar will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of 37 Ar should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments.

Published
2022

15. A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author

Aalbers, J, AbdusSalam, SS, Abe, K, Aerne, V, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Akerib, DS, Akimov, DY, Akshat, J, Al Musalhi, AK, Alder, F, Alsum, SK, Althueser, L, Amarasinghe, CS, Amaro, FD, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Andrieu, B, Angelides, N, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, VC, Antón Martin, D, Antunovic, B, Aprile, E, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arneodo, F, Arthurs, M, Asadi, P, Baek, S, Bai, X, Bajpai, D, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Balzer, M, Bandyopadhyay, A, Bang, J, Barberio, E, Bargemann, JW, Baudis, L, Bauer, D, Baur, D, Baxter, A, Baxter, AL, Bazyk, M, Beattie, K, Behrens, J, Bell, NF, Bellagamba, L, Beltrame, P, Benabderrahmane, M, Bernard, EP, Bertone, GF, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Binau, AR, Biondi, R, Biondi, Y, Birch, HJ, Bishara, F, Bismark, A, Blanco, C, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boehm, C, Bolozdynya, AI, Bolton, PD, Bottaro, S, Bourgeois, C, Boxer, B, Brás, P, Breskin, A, Breur, PA, Brew, CAJ, Brod, J, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, TK, Burdin, S, Buse, S, Busenitz, JK, Buttazzo, D, Buuck, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cabrita, R, Cai, C, Cai, D, Capelli, C, Cardoso, JMR, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Catena, R, Chakraborty, S, Chan, C, Chang, S, Chauvin, A, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chepel, V, Chott, NI, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Co, RT, Colijn, AP, Conrad, J, Converse, MV, Costa, M, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cuenca Garcia, JJ, Cussonneau, JP, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, D’Andrea, V, David, A, Decowski, MP, Dent, JB, Deppisch, FF, De Viveiros, L, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Pede, S, Dierle, J, Diglio, S, Dobson, JEY, Doerenkamp, M, Douillet, D, Drexlin, G, Druszkiewicz, E, Dunsky, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Emken, T, Engel, R, Eriksen, Fairbairn, M, Fan, A, Fan, JJ, Farrell, SJ, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fieguth, A, Fiorucci, S, Fischer, H, Flaecher, H, Flierman, M, Florek, T, Foot, R, Fox, PJ, Franceschini, R, Fraser, ED, Frenk, CS, Frohlich, S, Fruth, T, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, Gaitskell, RJ, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Garcia Garcia, I, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Ghosh, S, Gibson, E, Gil, W, Giovagnoli, D, Girard, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Glück, F, Gokhale, S, De Gouvêa, A, Gráf, L, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Grinstein, B, Van Der Grinten, MGD, Grössle, R, Guan, H, Guida, M, Gumbsheimer, R, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Hall, LJ, Hammann, R, Han, K, Hannen, V, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Harata, R, Hardin, SP, Hardy, E, Hardy, CA, Harigaya, K, Harnik, R, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hernandez, M, Hertel, SA, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hochrein, S, Hoetzsch, L, Hoferichter, M, Hood, N, Hooper, D, Horn, M, Howlett, J, Huang, DQ, Huang, Y, Hunt, D, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Ide, R, Ignarra, CM, Iloglu, G, Itow, Y, Jacquet, E, Jahangir, O, Jakob, J, James, RS, Jansen, A, Ji, W, Ji, X, Joerg, F, Johnson, J, Joy, A, Kaboth, AC, Kalhor, L, Kamaha, AC, Kanezaki, K, Kar, K, Kara, M, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, Keaveney, AW, Kellerer, J, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khundzakishvili, G, Khurana, I, Kilminster, B, Kleifges, M, Ko, P, Kobayashi, M, Kodroff, D, Koltmann, G, Kopec, A, Kopmann, A, Kopp, J, Korley, L, Kornoukhov, VN, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Krauss, LM, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Kudryavtsev, VA, Kuger, F, Kumar, J, López Paredes, B, LaCascio, L, Laha, R, Laine, Q, Landsman, H, Lang, RF, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levinson, L, Levy, C, Li, I, Li, SC, Li, T, Liang, S, Liebenthal, CS, Lin, J, Lin, Q, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Liu, K, Liu, J, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, Long, J, Lopes, MI, Lopez Asamar, E, Lorenzon, W, Lu, C, Luitz, S, Ma, Y, Machado, PAN, Macolino, C, Maeda, T, Mahlstedt, J, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, March-Russell, J, Marignetti, F, Marrodán Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Martin, R, Martinez-Soler, I, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Mastronardi, M, Matias-Lopes, JA, McCarthy, ME, McFadden, N, McGinness, E, McKinsey, DN, McLaughlin, J, McMichael, K, Meinhardt, P, Menéndez, J, Meng, Y, Messina, M, Midha, R, Milisavljevic, D, Miller, EH, Milosevic, B, Milutinovic, S, Mitra, SA, Miuchi, K, Mizrachi, E, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Monte, A, Monteiro, CMB, Monzani, ME, Moore, JS, Morå, K, Morad, JA, Morales Mendoza, JD, Moriyama, S, Morrison, E, Morteau, E, Mosbacher, Y, Mount, BJ, Mueller, J, Murphy, A St J, Murra, M, Naim, D, Nakamura, S, Nash, E, Navaieelavasani, N, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Newstead, JL, Ni, K, Nikoleyczik, JA, Niro, V, Oberlack, UG, Obradovic, M, Odgers, K, O’Hare, CAJ, Oikonomou, P, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, K, Oranday, A, Orpwood, J, Ostrovskiy, I, Ozaki, K, Paetsch, B, Pal, S, Palacio, J, Palladino, KJ, Palmer, J, Panci, P, Pandurovic, M, Parlati, A, Parveen, N, Patton, SJ, Pěč, V, Pellegrini, Q, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Peres, R, Perez-Gonzalez, Y, Perry, E, Pershing, T, Petrossian-Byrne, R, Pienaar, J, Piepke, A, Pieramico, G, Pierre, M, Piotter, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Pollmann, T, Porzio, D, Qi, J, Qie, Y, Qin, J, Quevedo, F, Raj, N, Rajado Silva, M, Ramanathan, K, Ramírez García, D, Ravanis, J, Redard-Jacot, L, Redigolo, D, Reichard, S, Reichenbacher, J, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, Rischbieter, GRC, Rocchetti, A, Rosenfeld, SL, Rosero, R, Rupp, N, Rushton, T, Saha, S, Salucci, P, Sanchez, L, Sanchez-Lucas, P, Santone, D, Dos Santos, JMF, Sarnoff, I, Sartorelli, G, Sazzad, ABMR, Scheibelhut, M, Schnee, RW, Schrank, M, Schreiner, J, Schulte, P, Schulte, D, Schulze Eissing, H, Schumann, M, Schwemberger, T, Schwenk, A, Schwetz, T, Scotto Lavina, L, Scovell, PR, Sekiya, H, Selvi, M, Semenov, E, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shaw, S, Shi, S, Shockley, E, Shutt, TA, Si-Ahmed, R, Silk, JJ, Silva, C, Silva, MC, Simgen, H, Šimkovic, F, Sinev, G, Singh, R, Skulski, W, Smirnov, J, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, Sparmann, TJ, Stancu, I, Steidl, M, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, Strigari, LE, Subotic, D, Suerfu, B, Suliga, AM, Sumner, TJ, Szabo, P, Szydagis, M, Takeda, A, Takeuchi, Y, Tan, P-L, Taricco, C, Taylor, WC, Temples, DJ, Terliuk, A, Terman, PA, Thers, D, Thieme, K, Thümmler, T, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, To, WH, Toennies, F, Tong, Z, Toschi, F, Tovey, DR, Tranter, J, Trask, M, Trinchero, GC, Tripathi, M, Tronstad, DR, Trotta, R, Tsai, YD, Tunnell, CD, Turner, WG, Ueno, R, Urquijo, P, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Valerius, K, Vassilev, E, Vecchi, S, Velan, V, Vetter, S, Vincent, AC, Vittorio, L, Volta, G, Von Krosigk, B, Von Piechowski, M, Vorkapic, D, Wagner, CEM, Wang, AM, Wang, B, Wang, Y, Wang, W, Wang, JJ, Wang, L-T, Wang, M, Watson, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weisman, E, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, West, SM, Whitis, TJ, Williams, M, Wilson, MJ, Winkler, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, J, Wolf, T, Wolfs, FLH, Woodford, S, Woodward, D, Wright, CJ, Wu, VHS, Wu, P, Wüstling, S, Wurm, M, Xia, Q, Xiang, X, Xing, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Xu, D, Yamashita, M, Yamazaki, R, Yan, H, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Ye, J, Yeh, M, Young, I, Yu, HB, Yu, TT, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zerbo, S, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhou, N, Zhou, X, Zhu, T, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, Y, Zopounidis, JP, Zuber, K, Zupan, J, Aalbers, J, S AbdusSalam, S, Abe, K, Aerne, V, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, S Akerib, D, Y Akimov, D, Akshat, J, K Al Musalhi, A, Alder, F, K Alsum, S, Althueser, L, S Amarasinghe, C, D Amaro, F, Ames, A, J Anderson, T, Andrieu, B, Angelides, N, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, C Antochi, V, Ant??n Martin, D, Antunovic, B, Aprile, E, M Ara??jo, H, E Armstrong, J, Arneodo, F, Arthurs, M, Asadi, P, Baek, S, Bai, X, Bajpai, D, Baker, A, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Balzer, M, Bandyopadhyay, A, Bang, J, Barberio, E, W Bargemann, J, Baudis, L, Bauer, D, Baur, D, Baxter, A, L Baxter, A, Bazyk, M, Beattie, K, Behrens, J, F Bell, N, Bellagamba, L, Beltrame, P, Benabderrahmane, M, P Bernard, E, F Bertone, G, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, P Biesiadzinski, T, R Binau, A, Biondi, R, Biondi, Y, J Birch, H, Bishara, F, Bismark, A, Blanco, C, M Blockinger, G, Bodnia, E, Boehm, C, I Bolozdynya, A, D Bolton, P, Bottaro, S, Bourgeois, C, Boxer, B, Br??s, P, Breskin, A, A Breur, P, J Brew, C A, Brod, J, Brookes, E, Brown, A, Brown, E, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, K Bui, T, Burdin, S, Buse, S, K Busenitz, J, Buttazzo, D, Buuck, M, Buzulutskov, A, Cabrita, R, Cai, C, Cai, D, Capelli, C, R Cardoso, J M, C Carmona-Benitez, M, Cascella, M, Catena, R, Chakraborty, S, Chan, C, Chang, S, Chauvin, A, Chawla, A, Chen, H, Chepel, V, I Chott, N, Cichon, D, Cimental Chavez, A, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, T Co, R, P Colijn, A, Conrad, J, V Converse, M, Costa, M, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, J Cuenca Garcia, J, P Cussonneau, J, E Cutter, J, E Dahl, C, D???andrea, V, David, A, P Decowski, M, B Dent, J, F Deppisch, F, de Viveiros, L, Di Gangi, P, Di Giovanni, A, Di Pede, S, Dierle, J, Diglio, S, Y Dobson, J E, Doerenkamp, M, Douillet, D, Drexlin, G, Druszkiewicz, E, Dunsky, D, Eitel, K, Elykov, A, Emken, T, Engel, R, R Eriksen, S, Fairbairn, M, Fan, A, J Fan, J, J Farrell, S, Fayer, S, M Fearon, N, Ferella, A, Ferrari, C, Fieguth, A, Fiorucci, S, Fischer, H, Flaecher, H, Flierman, M, Florek, T, Foot, R, J Fox, P, Franceschini, R, D Fraser, E, S Frenk, C, Frohlich, S, Fruth, T, Fulgione, W, Fuselli, C, Gaemers, P, Gaior, R, J Gaitskell, R, Galloway, M, Gao, F, Garcia Garcia, I, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Ghosh, S, Gibson, E, Gil, W, Giovagnoli, D, Girard, F, Glade-Beucke, R, Gl??ck, F, Gokhale, S, de Gouv??a, A, Gr??f, L, Grandi, L, Grigat, J, Grinstein, B, D van der Grinten, M G, Gr??ssle, R, Guan, H, Guida, M, Gumbsheimer, R, B Gwilliam, C, R Hall, C, J Hall, L, Hammann, R, Han, K, Hannen, V, Hansmann-Menzemer, S, Harata, R, P Hardin, S, Hardy, E, A Hardy, C, Harigaya, K, Harnik, R, J Haselschwardt, S, Hernandez, M, A Hertel, S, Higuera, A, Hils, C, Hochrein, S, Hoetzsch, L, Hoferichter, M, Hood, N, Hooper, D, Horn, M, Howlett, J, Q Huang, D, Huang, Y, Hunt, D, Iacovacci, M, Iaquaniello, G, Ide, R, M Ignarra, C, Iloglu, G, Itow, Y, Jacquet, E, Jahangir, O, Jakob, J, S James, R, Jansen, A, Ji, W, Ji, X, Joerg, F, Johnson, J, Joy, A, C Kaboth, A, Kalhor, L, C Kamaha, A, Kanezaki, K, Kar, K, Kara, M, Kato, N, Kavrigin, P, Kazama, S, W Keaveney, A, Kellerer, J, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khundzakishvili, G, Khurana, I, Kilminster, B, Kleifges, M, Ko, P, Kobayashi, M, Kodroff, D, Koltmann, G, Kopec, A, Kopmann, A, Kopp, J, Korley, L, N Kornoukhov, V, V Korolkova, E, Kraus, H, M Krauss, L, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, A Kudryavtsev, V, Kuger, F, Kumar, J, L??pez Paredes, B, Lacascio, L, Laha, R, Laine, Q, Landsman, H, F Lang, R, A Leason, E, Lee, J, S Leonard, D, T Lesko, K, Levinson, L, Levy, C, I, Li, C Li, S, Li, T, Liang, S, S Liebenthal, C, Lin, J, Lin, Q, Lindemann, S, Lindner, M, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, H Lippincott, W, Liu, X, Liu, K, Liu, J, Loizeau, J, Lombardi, F, Long, J, I Lopes, M, Lopez Asamar, E, Lorenzon, W, Lu, C, Luitz, S, Ma, Y, N Machado, P A, Macolino, C, Maeda, T, Mahlstedt, J, A Majewski, P, Manalaysay, A, Mancuso, A, Manenti, L, Manfredini, A, L Mannino, R, Marangou, N, March-Russell, J, Marignetti, F, Marrod??n Undagoitia, T, Martens, K, Martin, R, Martinez-Soler, I, Masbou, J, Masson, D, Masson, E, Mastroianni, S, Mastronardi, M, A Matias-Lopes, J, E McCarthy, M, Mcfadden, N, Mcginness, E, N McKinsey, D, Mclaughlin, J, Mcmichael, K, Meinhardt, P, Men??ndez, J, Meng, Y, Messina, M, Midha, R, Milisavljevic, D, H Miller, E, Milosevic, B, Milutinovic, S, A Mitra, S, Miuchi, K, Mizrachi, E, Mizukoshi, K, Molinario, A, Monte, A, B Monteiro, C M, E Monzani, M, S Moore, J, Mor??, K, A Morad, J, D Morales Mendoza, J, Moriyama, S, Morrison, E, Morteau, E, Mosbacher, Y, J Mount, B, Mueller, J, J Murphy, A St, Murra, M, Naim, D, Nakamura, S, Nash, E, Navaieelavasani, N, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, N Nelson, H, Neves, F, L Newstead, J, Ni, K, A Nikoleyczik, J, Niro, V, G Oberlack, U, Obradovic, M, Odgers, K, J O???Hare, C A, Oikonomou, P, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, K, Oranday, A, Orpwood, J, Ostrovskiy, I, Ozaki, K, Paetsch, B, Pal, S, Palacio, J, J Palladino, K, Palmer, J, Panci, P, Pandurovic, M, Parlati, A, Parveen, N, J Patton, S, P????, V, Pellegrini, Q, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Peres, R, Perez-Gonzalez, Y, Perry, E, Pershing, T, Petrossian-Byrne, R, Pienaar, J, Piepke, A, Pieramico, G, Pierre, M, Piotter, M, Pizzella, V, Plante, G, Pollmann, T, Porzio, D, Qi, J, Qie, Y, Qin, J, Quevedo, F, Raj, N, Rajado Silva, M, Ramanathan, K, Ram??rez Garc??a, D, Ravanis, J, Redard-Jacot, L, Redigolo, D, Reichard, S, Reichenbacher, J, A Rhyne, C, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, C Rischbieter, G R, Rocchetti, A, L Rosenfeld, S, Rosero, R, Rupp, N, Rushton, T, Saha, S, Salucci, P, Sanchez, L, Sanchez-Lucas, P, Santone, D, F dos Santos, J M, Sarnoff, I, Sartorelli, G, R Sazzad, A B M, Scheibelhut, M, W Schnee, R, Schrank, M, Schreiner, J, Schulte, P, Schulte, D, Schulze Eissing, H, Schumann, M, Schwemberger, T, Schwenk, A, Schwetz, T, Scotto Lavina, L, R Scovell, P, Sekiya, H, Selvi, M, Semenov, E, Semeria, F, Shagin, P, Shaw, S, Shi, S, Shockley, E, A Shutt, T, Si-Ahmed, R, J Silk, J, Silva, C, C Silva, M, Simgen, H, imkovic, F, Sinev, G, Singh, R, Skulski, W, Smirnov, J, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, N Solovov, V, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, J Sparmann, T, Stancu, I, Steidl, M, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, E Strigari, L, Subotic, D, Suerfu, B, M Suliga, A, J Sumner, T, Szabo, P, Szydagis, M, Takeda, A, Takeuchi, Y, Tan, P-L, Taricco, C, C Taylor, W, J Temples, D, Terliuk, A, A Terman, P, Thers, D, Thieme, K, Th??mmler, T, R Tiedt, D, Timalsina, M, H To, W, Toennies, F, Tong, Z, Toschi, F, R Tovey, D, Tranter, J, Trask, M, C Trinchero, G, Tripathi, M, R Tronstad, D, Trotta, R, D Tsai, Y, D Tunnell, C, G Turner, W, Ueno, R, Urquijo, P, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Valerius, K, Vassilev, E, Vecchi, S, Velan, V, Vetter, S, C Vincent, A, Vittorio, L, Volta, G, von Krosigk, B, von Piechowski, M, Vorkapic, D, M Wagner, C E, M Wang, A, Wang, B, Wang, Y, Wang, W, J Wang, J, Wang, L-T, Wang, M, R Watson, J, Wei, Y, Weinheimer, C, Weisman, E, Weiss, M, Wenz, D, M West, S, J Whitis, T, Williams, M, J Wilson, M, Winkler, D, Wittweg, C, Wolf, J, Wolf, T, H Wolfs, F L, Woodford, S, Woodward, D, J Wright, C, S Wu, V H, Wu, P, W??stling, S, Wurm, M, Xia, Q, Xiang, X, Xing, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Xu, D, Yamashita, M, Yamazaki, R, Yan, H, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Ye, J, Yeh, M, Young, I, B Yu, H, T Yu, T, Yuan, L, Zavattini, G, Zerbo, S, Zhang, Y, Zhong, M, Zhou, N, Zhou, X, Zhu, T, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, Y, P Zopounidis, J, Zuber, K, Zupan, J, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HEP, INSPIRE, Lang, RF [0000-0001-7594-2746], Schumann, M [0000-0002-5036-1256], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
detector: technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, dark matter, neutrinoless double-beta decay, neutrinos, supernova, direct detection, astroparticle physics, xenon, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], nucl-ex, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), double-beta decay: (0neutrino), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Physics - Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Topical Review, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering & allied operations, activity report, xenon: liquid, hep-ex, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), dark matter: detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], astro-ph.CO, time projection chamber: xenon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ddc:620, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Particle Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector., 77 pages, 40 figures, 1262 references

Published
2022

16. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the two-neutrino and neutrinoless double β decays of 134Xe

Author

Akerib, DS, Al Musalhi, AK, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Bodnia, E, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, de Viveiros, L, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, van der Grinten, MGD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, gnarra, MCI, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lee, J, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Liao, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, López Asamar, E, López Paredes, B, Lorenzon, W, Luitz, S, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Manenti, L, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, McCarthy, ME, McKinsey, DN, McLaughlin, J, Miller, EH, Mizrachi, E, Monte, A, Monzani, ME, Morad, JA, Morales Mendoza, JD, Morrison, E, Mount, BJ, Murphy, ASJ, Naim, D, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Nikoleyczik, JA, Nilima, A, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Pal, S, Palladino, KJ, Palmer, J, Patton, S, Parveen, N, Pease, EK, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Piepke, A, Qie, Y, Reichenbacher, J, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, Rischbieter, GRC, Rosero, R, Rossiter, P, Santone, D, Sazzad, ABMR, Schnee, RW, Scovell, PR, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silk, JJ, Silva, C, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, Stancu, I, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, Suerfu, B, Sumner, TJ, Swanson, N, Szydagis, M, Taylor, WC, Taylor, R, Temples, DJ, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, To, WH, Tovey, DR, Tripathi, M, Tronstad, DR, Turner, W, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Wang, B, Wang, JJ, Wang, W, Watson, JR, Webb, RC, White, RG, Whitis, TJ, Williams, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woodward, D, Wright, CJ, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yeh, M, and Zarzhitsky, P

Published
2021

17. Projected sensitivities of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to new physics via low-energy electron recoils

Author

Collaboration, TLZ, Akerib, DS, Musalhi, AKA, Alsum, SK, Amarasinghe, CS, Ames, A, Anderson, TJ, Angelides, N, Araújo, HM, Armstrong, JE, Arthurs, M, Bai, X, Balajthy, J, Balashov, S, Bang, J, Bargemann, JW, Bauer, D, Baxter, A, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Bhatti, A, Biekert, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Birch, HJ, Blockinger, GM, Boxer, B, Brew, CAJ, Brás, P, Burdin, S, Busenitz, JK, Buuck, M, Cabrita, R, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Cascella, M, Chan, C, Chott, NI, Cole, A, Converse, MV, Cottle, A, Cox, G, Creaner, O, Cutter, JE, Dahl, CE, Viveiros, LD, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Eriksen, SR, Fan, A, Fayer, S, Fearon, NM, Fiorucci, S, Flaecher, H, Fraser, ED, Fruth, T, Gaitskell, RJ, Genovesi, J, Ghag, C, Gibson, E, Gokhale, S, Grinten, MGDVD, Gwilliam, CB, Hall, CR, Hardy, CA, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Jahangir, O, James, RS, Ji, W, Johnson, J, Kaboth, AC, Kamaha, AC, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Khazov, A, Khurana, I, Kodroff, D, Korley, L, Korolkova, EV, Kraus, H, Kravitz, S, Kreczko, L, Krikler, B, Kudryavtsev, VA, Leason, EA, Lesko, KT, Levy, C, Li, J, Liao, J, Lin, J, Lindote, A, Linehan, R, Lippincott, WH, Liu, X, Lopes, MI, Asamar, EL, Paredes, BL, Lorenzon, W, Luitz, S, Majewski, PA, Manalaysay, A, Manenti, L, Mannino, RL, Marangou, N, McCarthy, ME, McKinsey, DN, McLaughlin, J, Miller, EH, Mizrachi, E, Monte, A, Monzani, ME, Morad, JA, Mendoza, JDM, Morrison, E, Mount, BJ, Murphy, ASJ, Naim, D, Naylor, A, Nedlik, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, Nikoleyczik, JA, Nilima, A, Olcina, I, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Pal, S, Palladino, KJ, Palmer, J, Patton, S, Parveen, N, Pease, EK, Penning, B, Pereira, G, Piepke, A, Qie, Y, Reichenbacher, J, Rhyne, CA, Richards, A, Riffard, Q, Rischbieter, GRC, Rosero, R, Rossiter, P, Santone, D, Sazzad, ABMR, Schnee, RW, Scovell, PR, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silk, JJ, Silva, C, Smith, R, Solmaz, M, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Soria, J, Stancu, I, Stevens, A, Stifter, K, Suerfu, B, Sumner, TJ, Swanson, N, Szydagis, M, Taylor, WC, Taylor, R, Temples, DJ, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, Timalsina, M, To, WH, Tovey, DR, Tripathi, M, Tronstad, DR, Turner, W, Utku, U, Vaitkus, A, Wang, B, Wang, JJ, Wang, W, Watson, JR, Webb, RC, White, RG, Whitis, TJ, Williams, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woodward, D, Wright, CJ, Xiang, X, Xu, J, Yeh, M, and Zarzhitsky, P

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

LUX-ZEPLIN is a dark matter detector expected to obtain world-leading sensitivity to weakly-interacting massive particles interacting via nuclear recoils with a ∼7-tonne xenon target mass. This paper presents sensitivity projections to several low-energy signals of the complementary electron recoil signal type: 1) an effective neutrino magnetic moment, and 2) an effective neutrino millicharge, both for pp-chain solar neutrinos, 3) an axion flux generated by the Sun, 4) axionlike particles forming the Galactic dark matter, 5) hidden photons, 6) mirror dark matter, and 7) leptophilic dark matter. World-leading sensitivities are expected in each case, a result of the large 5.6 t 1000 d exposure and low expected rate of electron-recoil backgrounds in the

Published
2021

18. Enhancing the sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment to low energy signals

Author

Akerib, Ds, Musalhi, Ak Al, Alsum, Sk, Amarasinghe, Cs, Ames, A., Anderson, Tj, Angelides, N., Araújo, Hm, Armstrong, Je, Arthurs, M., Bai, X., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, Jw, Bauer, D., Baxter, A., Beltrame, P., Bernard, Ep, Bernstein, A., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, Tp, Birch, Hj, Blockinger, Gm, Boxer, B., Brew, Caj, Brás, P., Burdin, S., Busenitz, Jk, Buuck, M., Cabrita, R., Carmona-Benitez, Mc, Cascella, M., Chan, C., Chott, Ni, Cole, A., Converse, Mv, Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cutter, Je, Dahl, Ce, Viveiros, L., Dobson, Jey, Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, Sr, Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, Nm, Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, Ed, Fruth, T., Gaitskell, Rj, Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibson, E., Gokhale, S., Grinten, Mgd, Gwilliam, Cb, Hall, Cr, Haselschwardt, Sj, Hertel, Sa, Horn, M., Huang, Dq, Ignarra, Cm, Jahangir, O., James, Rs, Ji, W., Johnson, J., Kaboth, Ac, Kamaha, Ac, Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, Ev, Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, Va, Leason, Ea, Lesko, Kt, Levy, C., Li, J., Liao, J., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, Wh, Liu, X., Lopes, Mi, Asamar, E. Lopez, Paredes, B. López, Lorenzon, W., Luitz, S., Majewski, Pa, Manalaysay, A., Manenti, L., Rachel Mannino, Marangou, N., Mccarthy, Me, Mckinsey, Dn, Mclaughlin, J., Miller, Eh, Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, Me, Morad, Ja, Mendoza, Jd Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, Bj, Murphy, A. St J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, Hn, Neves, F., Nikoleyczik, Ja, Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, Kc, Pal, S., Palladino, Kj, Palmer, J., Parveen, N., Pease, Ek, Penning, B., Pereira, G., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, Ca, Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, Grc, Rosero, R., Rossiter, P., Santone, D., Sazzad, Abmr, Schnee, Rw, Scovell, Pr, Shaw, S., Shutt, Ta, Silk, Jj, Silva, C., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, Vn, Sorensen, P., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, Tj, Swanson, N., Szydagis, M., Taylor, Wc, Taylor, R., Temples, Dj, Terman, Pa, Tiedt, Dr, Timalsina, M., To, Wh, Tripathi, M., Tronstad, Dr, Turner, W., Utku, U., Vaitkus, A., Wang, B., Wang, Jj, Wang, W., Watson, Jr, Webb, Rc, White, Rg, Whitis, Tj, Williams, M., Wolfs, Flh, Woodward, D., Wright, Cj, Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zarzhitsky, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Two-phase xenon detectors, such as that at the core of the forthcoming LZ dark matter experiment, use photomultiplier tubes to sense the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) scintillation signals resulting from particle interactions in their liquid xenon target. This paper describes a simulation study exploring two techniques to lower the energy threshold of LZ to gain sensitivity to low-mass dark matter and astrophysical neutrinos, which will be applicable to other liquid xenon detectors. The energy threshold is determined by the number of detected S1 photons; typically, these must be recorded in three or more photomultiplier channels to avoid dark count coincidences that mimic real signals. To lower this threshold: a) we take advantage of the double photoelectron emission effect, whereby a single vacuum ultraviolet photon has a $\sim20\%$ probability of ejecting two photoelectrons from a photomultiplier tube photocathode; and b) we drop the requirement of an S1 signal altogether, and use only the ionization signal, which can be detected more efficiently. For both techniques we develop signal and background models for the nominal exposure, and explore accompanying systematic effects, including the dependence on the free electron lifetime in the liquid xenon. When incorporating double photoelectron signals, we predict a factor of $\sim 4$ sensitivity improvement to the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section at $2.5$ GeV/c$^2$, and a factor of $\sim1.6$ increase in the solar $^8$B neutrino detection rate. Dropping the S1 requirement may allow sensitivity gains of two orders of magnitude in both cases. Finally, we apply these techniques to even lower masses by taking into account the atomic Migdal effect; this could lower the dark matter particle mass threshold to $80$ MeV/c$^2$., 14 pages, 6 figures

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