Search

In this paper, we propose an Echinococcosis model with logistic growth. After giving the basic reproductive number R0, we prove that R0 can be used to govern the threshold dynamics of the model: if R0 < 1, the disease will go to extinction, while if R0 > 1, the disease will persist. Based on the data of Echinococcosis in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China during 2006–2016, we estimate the parameters in the model and calculate that R0 = 1.42 (95% CI [0.767, 4.327]). The results show that Echinococcosis is endemic in Ürümqi, China. In addition, we obtain that MAPE = 3.54% and RMSPE = 3.87%, which indicates that the model has certain reliability and rationality. Furthermore, we carry out the sensitivity analysis of the model parameters to identify the key factors affecting the prevalence of Echinococcosis, and the effective control efforts are suggested focusing on reducing the proportion rate from sheep to dogs and increasing the recovery rate of dogs to curb the prevalence of Echinococcosis in Ürümqi, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A clear and systematic cognition of large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock is important for the further and specific research. Based on the existing research, large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock is defined as the deformation phenomenon, with obvious time effect and plastic deformation, exceeding the allowable range of specification and having seriously effects on the normal usability of tunnel engineering and even ultimately leading to the loss of the overall structural stability of tunnel. From the angle of deformation origin, the types of large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock are reclassified to expansion type, high ground stress soft rock type, loess type, high ground temperature type, and compound type. The deformation mechanism, constitutive model and supporting theory of large deformation of various surrounding rock types are summarized, and the control measures and construction methods are taken for different types of large deformation of surrounding rock. In this process, it was found that there are still some deficiencies, and possible future development trends are put forward: (1) The mechanism of large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock will be improved, and the law of large deformation and stress characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock are summarized through field detection, model test and finite element analysis and simulation, which can provide scientific basis for engineering practice and achieve accurate support of large deformation. (2) The classification control measures for large deformation of surrounding rock of different types of tunnels are unified. Due to the variety, complexity, and particularity of the project, it is difficult to summarize the general control measures for all types of large deformation of surrounding rock of various tunnels. However, based on a large number of large deformation cases, the formulation of control measures for specific large deformation type of different types of tunnels still has high engineering reference value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new method to estimate the change of the effective reproduction number with time, due to either disease control measures or seasonally varying transmission rate. We validate our method using a simulated epidemic curve and show that our method can effectively estimate both sudden changes and gradual changes in the reproduction number. We apply our method to the COVID-19 case counts in British Columbia, Canada in 2020, and we show that strengthening control measures had a significant effect on the reproduction number, while relaxations in May (business reopening) and September (school reopening) had significantly increased the reproduction number from around 1 to around 1.7 at its peak value. Our method can be applied to other infectious diseases, such as pandemics and seasonal influenza.

As the scientific and technological levels continue to rise, the dynamics of young talent within these fields are increasingly significant. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive models for predicting the movement of young professionals in science and technology. To address this gap, this study introduces an integrated approach to forecasting and managing the flow of these talents, leveraging the power of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The performance test of the proposed method shows that the prediction accuracy of this method is 76.98%, which is superior to the two comparison methods. In addition, the results showed that the average error of the model was 0.0285 lower than that of the model based on the recurrent prediction error (RPE) algorithm learning algorithm, and the average time was 41.6 s lower than that of the model based on the backpropagation (BP) learning algorithm. In predicting the flow of young talent, the study uses flow characteristics including personal characteristics, occupational characteristics, organizational characteristics and network characteristics. Through the above results, the study found that convolutional neural network can effectively use these features to predict the flow of young talents, and its model is superior to other commonly used models in processing speed and accuracy. The above results indicate that the model can provide organizations and government agencies with useful information about the flow trend of young talents, and help them to formulate better talent management strategies.

Potato is a food and vegetable crop, and plays an important role in agricultural production. Potato ring rot is a disease caused by bacterial, which mainly spreads through diseased seed tubers and seriously affects the yield and quality of potato, and quality of offspring as seed potatoes. It is easy to spread, with no obvious early symptoms but serious and uncontrollable harm, which has become a major disease affecting potato production. The harms, reasons and characteristics of potato ring rot were summarized. The detection methods, control measures and related research progress at home and abroad about potato ring rot were discussed, and the corresponding suggestions and research prospects were put forward to promote the prevention and control of potato ring rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergenic airborne pollen can induce hay fever such as rhinitis and asthma. Many studies have been conducted on the allergenic pollution caused by airborne pollen. We synthesized available studies to summarize the temporal and spatial distributions of airborne pollen and influencing meteorological factors. We further summarized and discussed the hazards of airborne pollen sensitization on human health and evaluation indicators for classifying hazard levels. We described the research progress of prevention and control measures of airborne pollen induced pollution from the perspectives of source control, route monitoring, and prevention of susceptible population. Considering the limitations of current studies, we proposed some research directions on allergenic airborne pollen. The types of allergenic plants needed to be clearly identified and allergentic potential should be quantitatively identified. The methods of pollen collection and concentration monitoring needed to be improved and standardized. This review could provide a scientific guidance for the study on preventing and treating pollen allergies as well as optimizing urban green space planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly destructive soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacerum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (RS) affects a variety of solanaceous plants and causes catastrophic diseases leading to massive economic losses across the globe. Biochemical assays separate this bacterium's strains into 5 races and 5 biovars by host range. This bacterium's race 1 biovar 1, which is endemic to the south-eastern United States, infects many different vegetable and ornamental species. Some solanaceous vegetables and ornamental crops are infected by RS race 3 biovar 2, which causes brown rot, bacterial wilt, and Moko disease. The race 3 biovar 3 is not hosted by tobacco. The most devastating RS diseases affect solanaceous crops like potatoes, tobacco, pepper, tomatoes, and eggplant. This review offers a thorough examination of this bacterium's impacts on solanaceous crops, emphasizing their economic impact. It also emphasizes the importance of integrated disease management, including current developments in control methods (biological, physical, chemical, cultural, and integrated) and bio-control effectiveness and suppression mechanisms, to combat deadly bacterial wilt diseases. Avirulent RS, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Streptomyces spp. strains are examples of well-known Biological Control Agents (BCAs). Research shows that plant waste, animal manure, and organic materials reduce bacterial wilt. It's crucial to incorporate pest management for bacterial wilt infections. This review also identifies intriguing possibilities for future study and collaboration on this bacterium. Understanding this bacterium's complexity and using effective management measures can lessen its detrimental effects on agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As global warming and human activities continue, algal blooms are becoming more frequent and severe. Based on the fact that even the best technical measures cannot directly reduce nutrient production caused by human activities, the author argues that promoting public education as a pre-treatment measure is more efficient and fundamental than relying solely on post-treatment social reports and engineering restoration techniques. This study aims to increase awareness among countries worldwide about the critical role of public education and engagement in preventing algal blooms. This is particularly important given the projected increase in population, as well as the uncertainties surrounding climate and the environment in the future.

[Objectives] The paper was to figure out the distribution of Monochamus altematus in the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future. [Methods] The factors influencing the number of epidemic small classes and infected plants in all counties and districts of Lu'an City were analyzed by GIS method, and the number of worms and wormholes of M. altematus inside and outside the stumps of pine wood nematode infected wood in Lu'an City were investigated on the spot. [ Results] There were 98, 40, 54,781,193, 268 and 34 epidemic small classes of pine wood nematode disease, and 7 241, 6 099, 9 532, 39 161, 11 079, 49 876 and 4 853 infected plants in Yu'an District, Jin'an District, Yeji District, Shucheng County, Huoshan County, Jinzhai County and Huoqiu County, respectively. Pine wood nematode disease in Lu'an City mostly occurred in Huoshan County, Shucheng County and Jinzhai County, with relatively high altitude, paddy soil, the annual precipitation higher than 2 062 mm, and the annual average temperature lower than 16. 2 °C. The number of diseased plants of pine wood nematode disease was positively correlated with altitude and annual precipitation, and was negatively correlated with annual average temperature. The number of worms and wormholes in pine wood nematode infected wood was very small at different altitudes, stump heights and stump diameters. [Conclusions] The pine wood nematode infected wood can be differentially processed after stump treatment, and stumps can be peeled. The results will provide a theoretical and practical basis for differentiated prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract In Japan, the achievement rate of environmental standards for air pollution has been improving in recent years, but for photochemical oxidants, including ozone, improvement are required. In this study, we investigated trends in ozone counter-measures in the United States and Europe from the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and National Air Pollution Control Program (NAPCP) and examined whether there are any points recommended in Japan. The United States and Europe have different policies on environmental standards for air pollution and ozone control. In the United States, states that do not meet the environmental standards for ozone concentration are required to develop an SIP to attain the standards. There was an urgent need to find a cost-effective approach to addressing the ozone problem, and forest control measures were one of the possibilities. In Europe, the European Union has set “target values” for ozone and NAPCP does not mention forest control measures or ozone sensitivity regimes. The main focus in Europe is on the win-win solution of reducing emissions of air pollutants at the same time as greenhouse gases. Japan should consider a framework including setting feasible step-by-step goals to attain the desired standards. As ozone is greatly affected by advection, wide-regional measures against ozone precursors and prediction of the future precursor reduction and concentration are required. The preparation of an emissions inventory and estimated reduction amount is prerequisites as basic data for simulation. To achieve this, cooperation between national, local and private research institutes is crucial. Since the international community has agreed to prioritize greenhouse gas counter-measures, Japan could consider a win-win solution for both ozone and greenhouse gas reduction.

Soot is a necessary product in the smelting process. The soot is the peroxide particle that does not settle into the molten pool in the reaction tower of the flash furnace, and its particle size is very small and takes the molten spherical form. The generation of soot affects the direct yield of smelting, while the distribution of soot in different regions affects the selection of soot collection equipment, and the distribution of impurities in the smelting process is very important to the ingredients. In the case study of the smelting project of Zijin Copper Industry Co., Ltd., this paper explores the distribution of soot and impurities in the flash smelting process, so as to provide support for the refined management and control of subsequent production and improve the technical level of production and management of smelting enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider an age-structured cholera model with saturation incidence, vaccination age of vaccinated individuals, infection age of infected individuals, and biological age of pathogens. First, the basic reproduction number is calculated. When the basic reproduction number is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable. Further, the existence of backward bifurcation of the model is obtained. Numerically, we also compared the effects of various control measures, including basic control measures and vaccination, on the number of infected individuals.

In order to solve the problem of instability and failure of deep antegrade slope, taking Fushun West Open-pit Mine as an example, the occurrence law of weak layer and the delimitation of deformation boundary are determined by engineering drilling and monitoring data tracking analysis method; based on the strength reduction and back analysis method, the mechanical indexes of rock and soil mass are obtained; using limit equilibrium and three-dimensional finite difference method, the variation laws of different internal drainage height and slope stability are analyzed; the monitoring data tracking analysis is used to evaluate the control effect. The results show that the results of two-dimensional limit equilibrium and three-dimensional finite element analysis are highly consistent. When the inner row height is 80 m, the stability meets the safety requirements. The monitoring data are tracked and analyzed, and the inner row scheme can realize the control of slope stability.

With the vigorous development of the world's mineral resources, the global ecological environment has been severely damaged. The tailings cemented filling technology is an important way to realize the green and low-carbon development of the mining industry. However, sulfur-containing tailings from metal mines can destroy the stability and strength of cemented tailings backfill. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the harm of the sulfur-containing tailings to the strength of cemented tailings backfill. Firstly, based on the research results of sulfur-containing tailings cemented backfill in recent years, this paper reviews the influence of sulfur-containing tailings on the strength of cemented backfill. Accordingly, the mechanism of strength failure of cemented backfill caused by sulfur-containing tailings is further studied, and the erosion failure of sulfide and sulfate is deeply discussed and analyzed. In addition, three control measures are proposed, including adjusting the combination of filling materials and optimizing the filling ratio, controlling the oxidation conditions in the filling process, and adding ad-mixtures as a supplement. Finally, the main conclusions and outlooks of this review are summarized. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance to improve the strength and durability of the cemented sulfur tailings backfill, effectively treating metal tailings, and to propose some ideas for the further improvement and development of the tailings cemented filling technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the role of desert aerosols and vaccine on the transmission dynamics of Neisseria Meningitis serogroup A (NmA). It is biologically well-documented that the inhalation of aerosol dust and its presence in the nasal cavity weakens the nasopharyngeal mucosa by damaging the mucosal barrier and inhibiting the mucosal immune defenses of susceptible and vaccinated individuals. We address the latter by proposing and analyzing a mathematical model for the dynamics of NmA that specifically accounts for the fast progression of susceptible and vaccinated individuals to the invasive stage of the disease. We compute the basic reproduction number and use it to investigate the existence and stability of equilibria. In this regard, we prove that the model undergoes a backward bifurcation phenomenon. We highlight the detrimental impact of aerosol dust by showing that its inhalation augments the reproduction number and enhances the endemic level of NmA.We also highlight the favorable role of vaccine in eliminating the disease when it has a high level of efficacy and is used to protect a large proportion of the population. The theoretical results are supported and illustrated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background In China the highest prevalence of echinococcosis is in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). The government has issued documents and implemented comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on controlling the source of infection of echinococcosis. It was very important to understand the implementation and effect of infectious source control measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of measures to control infectious source (domestic and stray dogs) in TAR and to assess their effectiveness. Methods We collected data on domestic dog registration and deworming and stray dog sheltering in 74 counties/districts in the TAR from 2017 to 2019. Fecal samples from domestic dogs were collected from randomly selected towns to determine Echinococcus infection in dogs using coproantigen ELISA. We analyzed the data to compare the canine rate of infection between 2016 and 2019. The data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical to compare dog infection rate in 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and ArcGIS was used for mapping. Results From 2017 to 2019, 84 stray dog shelters were built in TAR, and accumulatively 446,660 stray or infected dogs were arrested, sheltered, or disposed of. The number of domestic dogs went downward, with an increased registration management rate of 78.4% (2017), 88.8% (2018), and 99.0% (2019). Dogs were dewormed 5 times in 2017, 12 times in 2018, and 12 times in 2019. The dog infection rate was 1.7% (252/14,584) in 2019, significantly lower than 7.3% (552/7564) from the survey of echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet in 2016 (P

食用油在长时间高温煎炸过程中，会发生氧化、聚合、水解等反应，产生不利于人体健康的安全危害因子如极性化合物(TPC)和3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPDE)等。介绍了煎炸油中TPC与3-MCPDE的形成机制与危害，并重点介绍了煎炸过程中TPC和3-MCPDE形成的影响因素，及有效控制煎炸油中TPC与3-MCPDE形成的措施，旨在为揭示TPC和3-MCPDE形成机理、控制煎炸油中TPC和3-MCPDE的形成提供参考。 During long time and high temperature of frying, the edible oil suffered from oxidation, polymerization, hydrolysis and other negative reactions, can form harmful ingredients that have adverse effects on human health, such as total polar components (TPC) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE). The formation mechanism and hazards of TPC and 3-MCPDE in frying oil were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on the frying conditions influencing the formation of TPC and 3-MCPDE during frying and the measures to effectively control the formation of TPC and 3-MCPDE in frying oils were highlighted to provide references for revealing the formation mechanism and control of TPC and 3 -MCPDE in frying oil.

ObjectiveTo address the problem of the increased height of the center of gravity caused by the installation of testing equipment and relevant supporting construction in refitting, it is necessary to apply adequate technical measures to control the stability of the testing ship.MethodsAccording to the real ship environment, a combination of ballasting countermeasures is selected to satisfy the stability requirements, which involves using the existing ballast tanks, adding a new ballast water tank and changing a fresh water tank for ballasting, while fixed ballast is omitted. Considering that the testing ship is equipped with desalination devices, the fresh water tank capability can be reduced. As this refitting project is not permanent, a fresh water tank is selected to be filled with fresh water which is forbidden from consumption, realizing the ballasting function in a soft way. As an additional countermeasure, timely fresh water self-replenishment by the desalination devices is also suggested to prevent the stability from being reduced by over-consumption. ResultsWith the above measures applied, in normal displacement, the height of the center of gravity is reduced by 0.31 m, the metacentric height (GM) is increased by 0.25 m and the maximum wind resistance ability is increased by 9.64 m/s; in full load displacement, the height of the center of gravity is reduced by 0.27 m, the GM is increased by 0.24 m and the maximum wind resistance ability is increased by 8.89 m/s.ConclusionsThe proposed ballast method is proven effective in controlling the stability of the ship, while the flexible application of various technical approaches has certain reference significance for naval architecture projects.

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has ravaged the world and undergone multiple mutations during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. On 7 April 2022, an epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.2) variant broke out in Guangzhou, China, one of the largest transportation and logistical hubs of the country.MethodsTo fast curtained the Omicron epidemic, based on the routine surveillance on the risk population of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we identify key places of the epidemic and implement enhanced control measures against Omicron.ResultsTransmission characteristics of the Omicron variant were analyzed for 273 confirmed cases, and key places involved in this epidemic were fully presented. The median incubation time and the generation time were 3 days, and the reproduction number Rt was sharply increased with a peak of 4.20 within 2 days. We tried an all-out effort to tackle the epidemic in key places, and the proportion of confirmed cases increased from 61.17% at Stage 2 to 88.89% at Stage 4. Through delimited risk area management, 99 cases were found, and the cases were isolated in advance for 2.61 ± 2.76 days in a lockdown zone, 0.44 ± 1.08 days in a controlled zone, and 0.27 ± 0.62 days in a precautionary zone. People assigned with yellow code accounted for 30.32% (84/277) of confirmed COVID-19 cases, and 83.33% of them were detected positive over 3 days since code assignment. For the districts outside the epicenter, the implementation duration of NPIs was much shorter compared with the Delta epidemic last year.ConclusionBy blocking out transmission risks and adjusting measures to local epidemic conditions through the all-out effort to tackle the epidemic in key places, by delimiting risk area management, and by conducting health code management of the at-risk population, the Omicron epidemic could be contained quickly.

This article presents the control measures to reduce the environmental impact within the framework of the development of domestic activities in the municipality of Galeras. It was carried out from the review of bibliographic sources that allowed defining an informative and critical text on environmental management, its elements, impact and control measures. The compilation of information was used as a collection and analysis method, it was necessary to define a mixed approach under the structure of an experimental design. A sample was taken based on the size of the population and under the consideration of a normal distribution with a margin of error of 5%, it is determined to analyze the results obtained from a group equivalent to 358 families, which were consulted from the use of interviews and the application of tools for the identification of aspects and evaluation of environmental impacts. The results made it possible to identify the areas of the home with the greatest interference in the environmental impact generated by the domestic activities carried out in the municipality of Galeras. In this way, it was possible to associate the environmental aspects that, due to their nature, intervene in each activity carried out, it was also possible to assess their impact, as well as define the control measures for their mitigation, concluding that the negative impact that generated by the development of domestic activities in the municipality of Galeras, is due to the low use of technologies, low levels of education and environmental culture and the absence of public policies that encourage the construction of solid foundations to achieve a change towards domestic environmental management cleaner and safer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control strategy based on the application of 4 % deltamethrin impregnated collars (DIC) exclusively in seropositive dogs was assessed between 2018 and 2019, through a prospective study. The effectiveness of DIC-collaring was evaluated by comparing the incidence rate of anti-leishmanial antibodies among dogs from two endemic districts in Brazil. In one of the areas, the conventional control measure which is based on the non-compulsory euthanasia of LV seropositive dogs, was practiced by the official healthy service as a regular procedure, whereas strategic collaring, conceived in this study, was carried out in the other. Results of serological tests applied to serum samples collected from all domiciled dogs were evaluated in three consecutive times, spaced by around 200 days. Incidence rates of VL seroreactivity were compared between districts in the same period of time as well as within the same district, in consecutive periods. Based on the results, the risk of infection in the population under conventional control measure was up to four times higher than the risk of infection where DIC-collaring was used. The strategic use of collar proposed here emerged as a promising measure for VL control in dogs from endemic areas. Strategic collaring does not rely on the euthanasia of infected animals, an extremely controversial procedure, and instead of being used in all dogs, as collaring is normally recommended; only seropositive dogs are intervened. Strategic use of DIC has the potential to drastically reduce costs, if compared to mass collaring canine population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: In China the highest prevalence of echinococcosis is in Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). The government has issued documents and implemented comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on controlling the source of infection of echinococcosis. It was very important to understand the implementation and effect of infectious source control measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of measures to control infectious source (domestic and stray dogs) in TAR and to assess their effectiveness. Methods: We collected data on domestic dog registration and deworming and stray dog sheltering in 74 counties/districts in the TAR from 2017 to 2019. Fecal samples from domestic dogs were collected from randomly selected towns to determine Echinococcus infection in dogs using coproantigen ELISA. We analyzed the data to compare the canine rate of infection between 2016 and 2019. The data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical to compare dog infection rate in 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and ArcGIS was used for mapping. Results: From 2017 to 2019, 84 stray dog shelters were built in TAR, and accumulatively 446,660 stray or infected dogs were arrested, sheltered, or disposed of. The number of domestic dogs went downward, with an increased registration management rate of 78.4% (2017), 88.8% (2018), and 99.0% (2019). Dogs were dewormed 5 times in 2017, 12 times in 2018, and 12 times in 2019. The dog infection rate was 1.7% (252/14,584) in 2019, significantly lower than 7.3% (552/7564) from the survey of echinococcosis prevalence in Tibet in 2016 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Between 2017 and 2019, the number of stray dogs and infection rate of Echinococcus spp. in domestic dogs decreased significantly, indicating that dogs were effectively controlled as a source of infection in TAR and reflecting a significant decrease in the risk of echinococcosis transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant flared up in late May in Guangzhou, China. Transmission characteristics of Delta variant were analysed for 153 confirmed cases and two complete transmission chains with seven generations were fully presented. A rapid transmission occurred in five generations within 10 days. The basic reproduction number (R0) was 3.60 (95% confidence interval: 2.50–5.30). After redefining the concept of close contact, the proportion of confirmed cases discovered from close contacts increased from 43% to 100%. With the usage of a yellow health code, the potential exposed individuals were self-motivated to take a nucleic acid test and regained public access with a negative testing result. Facing the massive requirement of screening, novel facilities like makeshift inflatable laboratories were promptly set up as a vital supplement and 17 cases were found, with 1 pre-symptomatic. The dynamic adjustment of these three interventions resulted in the decline of Rt from 5.00 to 1.00 within 9 days. By breaking the transmission chain and eliminating the transmission source through extending the scope of the close-contact tracing, health-code usage and mass testing, the Guangzhou Delta epidemic was effectively contained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diminishing Campylobacter prevalence in poultry flocks has proven to be extremely challenging. To date, efficacious control measures to reduce Campylobacter prevalence are still missing. A potential approach to control Campylobacter in modern poultry productions is to occupy its niche in the mucosal layer by administering live intestinal microbiota from adult chickens to dayold-chicks (competitive exclusion (CE)). Therefore, this in vivo study investigates the efficacy of a complex CE culture to reduce Campylobacter (C.) jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. For this purpose, the complex CE culture was applied twice: once by spray application to day-old chicks immediately after hatching (on the 1st day of life) and subsequently by an additional application via drinking water on the 25th day of life. We observed a consistent and statistically significant reduction of C. jejuni counts in cloacal swabs throughout the entire fattening period. At the end of the trial after necropsy (at 33 days of age), C. jejuni cecal counts also showed a statistically significant decrease of 1 log10 MPN/g compared to the control group. Likewise, colon counts were reduced by 2.0 log10 MPN/g. These results suggest that CE cultures can be considered a practically relevant control strategy to reduce C. jejuni colonization in broiler chickens on poultry farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: In this data collation study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive database describing the epidemic trends and responses during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the main provinces in China. Methods: From mid-January to March 2020, we extracted publicly available data regarding the spread and control of COVID-19 from 31 provincial health authorities and major media outlets in mainland China. Based on these data, we conducted descriptive analyses of the epidemic in the six most-affected provinces. Results: School closures, travel restrictions, community-level lockdown, and contact tracing were introduced concurrently around late January but subsequent epidemic trends differed among provinces. Compared with Hubei, the other five most-affected provinces reported a lower crude case fatality ratio and proportion of critical and severe hospitalised cases. From March 2020, as the local transmission of COVID-19 declined, switching the focus of measures to the testing and quarantine of inbound travellers may have helped to sustain the control of the epidemic. Conclusions: Aggregated indicators of case notifications and severity distributions are essential for monitoring an epidemic. A publicly available database containing these indicators and information regarding control measures is a useful resource for further research and policy planning in response to the COVID-19 epidemic.

COVID-19 is a public health emergency for human beings and brings some very harmful consequences in social and economic fields. In order to model COVID-19 and develop the effective control measures, this paper proposes an SEIR-type epidemic model with the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the asymptomatic or symptomatic infected individuals, and the immigration rate of the healthy individuals since the contacting distance and the immigration rate are two critical factors which determine the transmission of COVID-19. Firstly, the threshold values of the contacting distance and the immigration rate are obtained to analyze the presented model. Secondly, based on the data from January 10, 2020, to March 18, 2020, for Wuhan city, all parameters are estimated. Finally, based on the estimated parameters, the sensitivity analysis and the numerical study are conducted. The results show that the contacting distance and the immigration rate play an important role in controlling COVID-19. Meanwhile, the extinct lag decreases as the contacting distance increases and/or the immigration rate decreases. Our study could give some reasonable suggestions for the health officials and the public and provide a theoretical issue for globally controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise measurement is essential for industrial usage. However, further attention to preventing noise pollution is needed, especially when working with equipment generating a high noise level, such as gas turbines. This study aims to determine the best way to perform noise measurement and analyze the octave band frequency generated by noise pollution caused by gas turbine equipment. Data from site measurements show that the gas turbines produce more than 85 dB of noise with a Z-weighted measurement. A noise measuring investigation was conducted to obtain the data for the 1/3 octave band. A frequency-domain was used to comprehend the properties of the noise measurement frequency band. The frequency band was classified into three different zones called low, medium, and high frequency, which is useful in noise measurement analysis to identify a viable solution to reduce the noise. Onsite sampling was performed at the source, path, and receiver of three separate gas turbine locations within oil and gas operations. The 1/3 octave band data collection results at the sound source, path, and receiver demonstrate the noise level distribution at the perimeter of gas turbine installations in the low and medium frequency ranges. Most of the high noise frequency range is between 250 Hz and 2 kHz for source, path, and receiver. All acquired values are compared to the Department of Safety and Health (Occupational Safety and Health (Noise Exposure) Regulations 2019 in Malaysia. As a result, oil and gas service operators can monitor and take countermeasures to limit noise exposure at oil and gas facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

With the vigorous development of the world’s mineral resources, the global ecological environment has been severely damaged. The tailings cemented filling technology is an important way to realize the green and low-carbon development of the mining industry. However, sulfur-containing tailings from metal mines can destroy the stability and strength of cemented tailings backfill. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the harm of the sulfur-containing tailings to the strength of cemented tailings backfill. Firstly, based on the research results of sulfur-containing tailings cemented backfill in recent years, this paper reviews the influence of sulfur-containing tailings on the strength of cemented backfill. Accordingly, the mechanism of strength failure of cemented backfill caused by sulfur-containing tailings is further studied, and the erosion failure of sulfide and sulfate is deeply discussed and analyzed. In addition, three control measures are proposed, including adjusting the combination of filling materials and optimizing the filling ratio, controlling the oxidation conditions in the filling process, and adding ad-mixtures as a supplement. Finally, the main conclusions and outlooks of this review are summarized. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance to improve the strength and durability of the cemented sulfur tailings backfill, effectively treating metal tailings, and to propose some ideas for the further improvement and development of the tailings cemented filling technology.

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quantifying the effects of control measures during the emergence and recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 poses a challenge to understanding the dynamic responses in terms of effectiveness and the population’s reaction. This study aims to estimate and compare the non-pharmaceutical interventions applied in the first and second outbreaks of COVID-19 in Thailand. We formulated a dynamic model of transmission and control. For each outbreak, the time interval was divided into subintervals characterized by epidemic events. We used daily case report data to estimate the transmission rates, the quarantine rate, and its efficiency by the maximum likelihood method. The duration-specific control reproduction numbers were calculated. The model predicts that the reproduction number dropped by about 91% after the nationwide lockdown in the first wave. In the second wave, after a high number of cases had been reported, the reproduction number decreased to about 80% in the next phase, but the spread continued. The estimated value was below the threshold in the last phase. For both waves, successful control was mainly induced by decreased transmission rate, while the explicit quarantine measure showed less effectiveness. The relatively weak control measure estimated by the model may have implications for economic impact and the adaptation of people.

Background of the study: Hypertension is controlled through the self-management behaviour is the most importance. So, it is importance to enhance knowledge regarding hypertension which one food is best eat all the patients who undergoing the High Blood Pressure. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Educational Social Network strategies, increase the knowledge regarding blood pressure and control the blood pressure. Material and method: pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The sampling technique was non- randomized enumerative sampling is used to collect the 60 sample of hypertensive patients. assess the health parameter`s through sphygmomanometer equipment use and data collection done by administering the structured questionnaire and hypertension self-management behaviour scale. Result: Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics such as standard deviation, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired ‘t’ test. Result revealed hypertensive people post-test health parameter`s decreased mean value, the knowledge level scores improved in Post compared to Pre scores. The correlation between knowledge and self-integration is the only negative correlation. Discussion and Conclusion: Hence, we can conclude that the intervention was very effective and there was a statistically significant difference in the values of the Post values when compared to Pre values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diminishing Campylobacter prevalence in poultry flocks has proven to be extremely challenging. To date, efficacious control measures to reduce Campylobacter prevalence are still missing. A potential approach to control Campylobacter in modern poultry productions is to occupy its niche in the mucosal layer by administering live intestinal microbiota from adult chickens to dayold-chicks (competitive exclusion (CE)). Therefore, this in vivo study investigates the efficacy of a complex CE culture to reduce Campylobacter (C.) jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. For this purpose, the complex CE culture was applied twice: once by spray application to day-old chicks immediately after hatching (on the 1st day of life) and subsequently by an additional application via drinking water on the 25th day of life. We observed a consistent and statistically significant reduction of C. jejuni counts in cloacal swabs throughout the entire fattening period. At the end of the trial after necropsy (at 33 days of age), C. jejuni cecal counts also showed a statistically significant decrease of 1 log10 MPN/g compared to the control group. Likewise, colon counts were reduced by 2.0 log10 MPN/g. These results suggest that CE cultures can be considered a practically relevant control strategy to reduce C. jejuni colonization in broiler chickens on poultry farms.

As Mycoplasma bovis spreads to new countries and becomes increasingly recognized as a disease with major welfare and economic effects, control measures on dairy farms are needed. To minimize the risk of infection spread to naive herds, all possible risk factors for M. bovis infection should be identified and controlled. Mycoplasma bovis was first diagnosed in dairy cattle in Finland in 2012, and by January 2020, 86 Finnish dairy farms (<1.5%) supporting M. bovis infections were identified. We evaluated risk factors for M. bovis infection using a questionnaire provided to 40 infected and 30 control dairy farms. Control measures were advised for 19 of the infected dairy farms during visits by a veterinarian. The course of the infection on those farms was followed by analyzing calf nasal swabs with PCR for presence of M. bovis 4 times at 6-mo intervals. Control measures included culling of M. bovis mastitic cows, isolation of new calves from older animals after initial M. bovis mastitic cows had been culled, prevention of nose-to-nose contact with infected animals, early detection of mastitis cases using M. bovis PCR, and hygiene measures mainly related to milking, calf pens, feeding buckets, and teats. Farms implemented the control measures related to the isolation of calves or avoidance of nose-to-nose contact in various ways, according to farm structures and financial circumstances. In our study, the control measures recommended to the dairy farms appeared effective, such that 13 of 19 farms reached a low risk level during at least 3 consecutive negative samplings from calves, with no M. bovis mastitis detected subsequently. Among risk factors, insemination with an M. bovis -positive bull indicated a trend of increasing the odds of M. bovis infection on the farm in a multivariable logistic model. In contrast, higher herd average milk yield had an association with lower odds for M. bovis infection. Occurrence of other infectious diseases affecting several animals on the dairy farm in the previous 6 mo before M. bovis infection were more frequent on M. bovis -infected farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]