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This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the effect of small transverse hole on the shear capacity of slender beams. A total number of ten beams were cast, with concrete grade of C13.02. The cross -sectional dimensions of the beams were 100mm x 150mm, with an effective span of 560mm. The tested beams consisted of two control beams. The experimental beams consisted of eight beams, four of the beams were with 20mm service hole (two beams with holes at the centre and two beams with holes at 220mm from both ends), while the other four had 25mm service holes, with two of beams had holes at the centre, while the other two beams had holes at 220mm from both ends. The beams were subjected to both point load and load at third points. The study shows that the ultimate load of beams with service holes depends on the size of holes, position of holes, and of type loading. Keywords: Slender beam, Concrete, Compressive strength, Control beam, Service hole

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the effect of small transverse hole on the shear capacity of slender beams. A total number of ten beams were cast, with concrete grade of C13.02. The cross -sectional dimensions of the beams were 100mm x 150mm, with an effective span of 560mm. The tested beams consisted of two control beams. The experimental beams consisted of eight beams, four of the beams were with 20mm service hole (two beams with holes at the centre and two beams with holes at 220mm from both ends), while the other four had 25mm service holes, with two of beams had holes at the centre, while the other two beams had holes at 220mm from both ends. The beams were subjected to both point load and load at third points. The study shows that the ultimate load of beams with service holes depends on the size of holes, position of holes, and of type loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-optical wavelength conversion based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) at 40 Gb/s is demonstrated for the first time. The effect of walkoff time between control beam and signal beams is investigated when the NOLM is used as an all-optical wavelength converter or an all-optical demultiplexer [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An all-optical triode based on a tandem wavelength converter was realized using cross-gain modulation in two reflective InGaAsP-InP semiconductor optical amplifiers. The optical output power at the 1555-nm wavelength could be varied from 0.1 to 3.3 mW by a control beam having the same wavelength. The output-input gain parameter can be changed from 0 to 1.6 when the average control power is altered from 0 to 48 μW. The output-control amplification parameter depends on the control and the input power. The all-optical triode has the input-output transfer function that is similar to the voltage-current characteristic of the triode in electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]