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Los resultados empresariales representan un tema que sigue concentrando el interés de los investigadores y que aún no está resuelto. Es por ello que el presente estudio persigue dos objetivos: en primer lugar, realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los factores que impactan sobre los resultados empresariales; en segundo lugar, contrastar los planteamientos anteriores para aportar evidencia empírica al respecto, a través de un análisis comparativo entre dos países. Metodológicamente se realiza un contraste sobre paneles completos de empresas industriales chilenas y españolas, utilizando dos bases de datos: (i) la Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA) y (ii) la base de datos de la Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE), respectivamente, para el periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando análisis de componentes de varianza se identifican los factores que explican más del 90% de los resultados empresariales y, empleando técnicas para datos de panel, se descubre que estos factores también influyen en los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, el presente artículo avanza en la discusión del tema, a través de su aplicación a empresas de un país en vías de desarrollo como Chile, además de analizar un aspecto descuidado en la literatura como es el estudio de la influencia de los factores, sin concentrarse únicamente en el análisis del porcentaje de explicación de los factores identificados sobre los resultados empresariales; de igual manera, este trabajo actualiza el periodo tradicionalmente investigado e incorpora un factor relevante pero menos analizado en este tipo de estudios, como es la localización geográfica, factor que contribuye a expli-car significativamente el modelo propuesto. Dentro de las repercusiones que implican el estudio, es evidente que sus resultados permitirán a los directivos y dueños de empresas comprender los elementos que influyen en los resultados organizacionales, los cuales son la base de su existencia y supervivencia en el futuro., Business performance is an issue that continues to focus the in-terest of researchers and that has not been resolved yet. Based on this, the following study has two main objectives: first, to conduct a literature review of the factors that impact on firm performance; and second, to contrast pre-vious approaches in order to provide empirical evidence about this issue by means of a comparative analysis of firms in Chile and Spain. A contrast over a complete panel of Chilean and Spanish industrial firms is performed by using two databases for each country, respectively: (i) the Annual National Industrial Survey (enia), and (ii) the Survey of Business Strategies (esee) , both for the period 2000-2007. Using components for the analysis of variance we identi-fied the factors that explain more than 90% of business results, additionally, via techniques for panel data, we found these factors also influence the results obtained. Thus, this paper advances in the discussion of the subject through its application on firms in a developing country such as Chile. Furthermore, this study analyzes a neglected matter in literature: the study of the influ-ence of the factors, without focusing only in the analysis of the percentage of explanation of the factors based on firm performance. At the same time, this study serves as an update to the traditionally researched period and incorpo-rates geographical location as a relevant factor that was not analyzed in other studies, and which contributes to explain the proposed model. Among the im-plications of the study, it is clear that results allow managers and firms’ owners to understand the elements that influence organizational results, considered the basis of their existence and survival in the future., Les résultats entrepreneuriaux sont un thème qui continue à susciter l’intérêt des chercheurs et qui n’est pas encore élucidé. La présente étude se propose donc deux objectifs: en premier lieu, réaliser une révision bibliogra-phique des facteurs ayant un impact sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux et les lister; ensuite, comparer les éléments ainsi dégagés afin d’apporter une évi-dence empirique à ce sujet, à travers une analyse comparative portant sur deux pays. Sur le plan méthodologique, une comparaison est menée sur des panels complets d’entreprises industrielles chiliennes et espagnoles en utilisant deux bases de données: (i) celle de l’Enquête nationale industrielle annuelle (ENIA) et (ii) celle de l’Enquête sur les stratégies entrepreneuriales (ESEE), respecti-vement, sur la période 2000-2007. En utilisant l’analyse des composantes de la variance on identifie les facteurs qui expliquent plus de 90% des résultats entrepreneuriaux, et en recourant aux techniques d’estimation des données de panel on observe que ces facteurs influent également sur les résultats obtenus. De la sorte cet article constitue une avancée dans l’étude de la question à tra-vers l’application à des entreprises d’un pays en voie de développement comme le Chili; d’autre part, il analyse un aspect jusque là négligé dans la littérature spécialisée, l’étude de l’influence des facteurs, évitant ainsi de se concentrer uniquement sur l’analyse du pourcentage d’explication des facteurs identifiés sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux; enfin, ce travail actualise la période tradi-tionnellement étudiée et incorpore un facteur important mais moins analysé dans ce type d’études, en l’occurrence la localisation géographique, facteur qui contribue de façon significative à expliquer le modèle proposé. Concernant les possibles répercussions d’une telle étude, sans nul doute ses résultats per-mettront aux propriétaires et dirigeants d’entreprises de mieux comprendre les éléments qui influent sur les résultats o, Os resultados empresariais é um tema que continua concentrando o interesse dos pesquisadores e que ainda não está resolvido. É por isso que o presente estudo tem dois objetivos: em primeiro lugar, realizar uma revisão bi-bliográfica dos fatores que impactam os resultados empresariais; em segundo lugar, contrastar as abordagens anteriores para fornecer evidência empírica a respeito, através de uma análise comparativa entre dois países. Metodologica-mente realiza-se um contraste sobre painéis completos de empresas industriais chilenas e espanholas, utilizando duas bases de dados, a Pesquisa Nacional Industrial Anual (enia) e a base de dados da Pesquisa sobre Estratégias Em-presariais (esee), respectivamente, para o periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando a análise de componentes de variância, identificam-se os fatores que explicam mais de 90% dos resultados empresariais e, empregando técnicas para dados de painel, descobre-se que esses fatores também influem nos resultados ob-tidos. Desse modo, este artigo avança na discussão do tema, através de sua aplicação a empresas de um país em desenvolvimento como o Chile, além de analisar um aspecto esquecido na literatura, como é o estudo da influência dos fatores, e sem se concentrar apenas na análise da porcentagem de expli-cação dos fatores identificados sobre os resultados empresariais; da mesma forma, este trabalho atualiza o período tradicionalmente pesquisado e incor-pora um fator relevante, mas menos analisado nesse tipo de estudos, que é a localização geográfica, fator que contribui para explicar significativamente o modelo proposto. Dentro das repercussões que implicam o estudo, é evidente que seus resultados permitirão que os gerentes e os donos das empresas com-preendam os elementos que influem nos resultados organizacionais, os quais são a base de sua existência e sobrevivência no futuro., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

El impacto del género en los resultados empresariales es un tema de interés en el mundo académico y organizacional. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente artículo es determinar el impacto que se produce sobre los resultados empresariales derivado de la presencia de hombres y mujeres, en la propiedad y dirección de las empresas. Para este trabajo el diseño de investigación es no experimental – documental, con un tipo de estudio explicativo, la contrastación se realiza sobre dos paneles de empresas industriales chilenas, utilizando una fuente de información secundaria denominada Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA) para el periodo 2001-2007. Con análisis descriptivos se descubrió que las empresas obtienen resultados similares, indiferente del género de los propietarios, a diferencia de la muestra de directivos donde se aprecia que las mujeres obtienen mejores resultados empresariales; asimismo aplicando técnicas de datos de panel, se descubre que el género del propietario impacta sobre los resultados obtenidos, siendo positiva en el caso de los hombres y negativa en el caso de las mujeres. Lo útil y novedoso de este estudio radica en que se aplica a un país en vías de desarrollo, debido a que la mayoría de este tipo de análisis aborda los países desarrollados., The impact of gender on corporate earnings is a subject of interest in the academic and organizational world. Therefore, the objective of this article is to determine the impact that occurs on business results from the presence of men and women in the ownership and management of companies. For this work, the research design is not experimental - documentary, with a kind of explanatory study, the contrastation is performed on two panels of Chilean industrial companies, using a secondary source of information called Annual National Industrial Survey (ENIA) for the period 2001 -2007. With descriptive analysis was discovered that companies get similar results, indifferent to the gender of the owners, unlike the sample of managers, where it is observed that women obtain better business results and applying techniques of panel data, it discovered that the owner’s gender has an impact on the results obtained, being positive in the case of men and negative in the case of women. The useful and novelty of this study is applied to a developing country, because the majority of this type of analysis addresses the developed countries., Depto. de Organización de Empresas, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

The data from published studies were used to derive systematic relationships between learning outcomes and air quality in classrooms. Psychological tests measuring cognitive abilities and skills, school tasks including mathematical and language-based tasks, rating schemes, and tests used to assess progress in learning including end-ofyear grades and exam scores were used to quantify learning outcomes. Short-term sick leave was also included because it may influence progress in learning. Classroom indoor air quality was characterized by the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). For psychological tests and school tasks, fractional changes in performance were regressed against the average concentrations of CO2 at which they occurred; all data reported in studies meeting the inclusion criteria were used to derive the relationship, regardless of whether the change in performance was statistically significant at the examined levels of classroom air quality. The analysis predicts that reducing CO2 concentration from 2,100 ppm to 900 ppm would improve the performance of psychological tests and school tasks by 12% with respect to the speed at which the tasks are performed and by 2% with respect to errors made. For other learning outcomes and short-term sick leave, only the relationships published in the original studies were available. They were therefore used to make predictions. These relationships show that reducing the CO2 concentration from 2,300 ppm to 900 ppm would improve performance on the tests used to assess progress in learning by 5% and that reducing CO2 from 4,100 ppm to 1,000 ppm would increase daily attendance by 2.5%. These results suggest that increasing the ventilation rate in classrooms in the range from 2 L/s-person to 10 L/sperson can bring significant benefits in terms of learning performance and pupil attendance; no data are available for higher rates. The results provide a strong incentive for i

The present paper reports a meta-analysis of published evidence on the effects of temperature in school classrooms on children's performance in school. The data from 18 studies were used to construct a relationship between thermal conditions in classrooms and children's performance in school. Psychological tests measuring cognitive abilities and skills, school tasks including mathematical and language-based tasks, rating schemes, and tests used to assess progress in learning including end-of-year grades and the examination results were considered as indicators of children's performance Due to the lack of complete measurements, thermal conditions were characterized by measured classroom temperatures. To create the relationship, the fractional change in performance of psychological tests and school tasks was regressed against the average temperature at which the change was recorded; all published data were used regardless of whether the change in learning outcome changed significantly with temperature. For other learning outcomes, no relationship was created because the data were insufficient. The relationship derived in the analysis shows that the performance of psychological tests and school tasks can be expected to increase on average by 20% if classroom temperatures are lowered from 30 °C to 20 °C and that the temperature for optimal performance is lower than 22 °C. The relationship is valid only for temperate climates. It requires verification for other climates and extensions to temperatures lower than 20 °C and higher than 30 °C.

El presente artículo persigue dos objetivos, en primer lugar, realizar una revisión crítica sobre la calidad de vida laboral, bajo el marco de la responsabilidad social corporativa, y además analizar su relación e influencia sobre los resultados empresariales. En segundo lugar, se pretende contrastar los planteamientos anteriores para aportar evidencia empírica al respecto, a partir de una muestra de panel completo de observaciones. El contraste se realiza sobre las sociedades anónimas abiertas chilenas para lo cual se utilizan dos bases de datos: La base de datos de la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad y la Ficha Estadística Codificada Uniforme de Sociedades Anónimas, para el periodo 2003-2006. Aplicando técnicas de paneles de datos, los resultados del estudio muestran que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la calidad de vida laboral y los resultados empresariales, y además que la calidad de vida laboral influye positivamente en los resultados empresariales que alcanzan las sociedades.