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The success of the project is the main goal in the management of projects of development and implementation of information systems. However, in the projects carried out by the joint team of the client and the consulting organization, the consultant’s goals are also set, namely the acquisition of the consultant’s knowledge and the growth of the consulting organization’s business. In this research, we examined the impact of inter-organizational coordination on the achievement of client and consultant goals. For this purpose, a model of coordination and harmonization of the goals of the client and the consultant in the development and implementation of the information systems project was created. Based on the model, hypotheses were set and tested based on the views of the designers. The hypotheses confirmed the significant influence of coordination on the alignment of client and consultant goals. The scientific contribution of the work relates to new theoretical knowledge in the field of information systems management theory, coordination theory, agency theory and contracting theory. The practical benefits of the research refer to the benefits that managers of client and consulting organizations have in solving the problems and challenges of the development and implementation of an information systems project when it is carried out by a joint team of designers. The originality of the work refers to the modeling of the coordination relationship in order to achieve the goals of the client and the consultant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In a recent Supreme Court of Appeal judgment in Mount Edgecombe Country Club Estate Management Association II (RF) NPC v. Singh 2019 (4) SA 471 (SCA) (Mount Edgecombe v. Singh), the court found that a homeowner’s association has the power to regulate traffic on the roads within a gated estate. The SCA found that, since the roads were private roads, and the National Road Traffic did not apply; the owners of the properties within the estate were contractually bound to comply with the rules of the homeowner’s association. The homeowner’s association was entitled to make traffic rules and to police such rules in the roads within the estate. The SCA found also, in passing, that even if the roads were public roads, the owner of property in the estate would still be contractually bound by the rules. Such rules would not be against public policy. This submission argues that the SCA is correct that the roads are private roads, and the property owners are contractually bound by the rules. However, the position would be different in respect of public roads. The homeowner’s association may only enforce the rules by displaying road signs and they can only do so if they are authorised in terms of section 57 of the National Road Traffic Act. Displaying road signs on a public road without authorisation is an offence and if the roads in Mount Edgecombe v. Singh were public roads, it would be against public policy to enforce the rules. The homeowner’s association would need to seek authorisation before enforcing such rules.

In a recent Supreme Court of Appeal judgment in Mount Edgecombe Country Club Estate Management Association II (RF) NPC v. Singh 2019 (4) SA 471 (SCA) (Mount Edgecombe v. Singh), the court found that a homeowner's association has the power to regulate traffic on the roads within a gated estate. The SCA found that, since the roads were private roads, and the National Road Traffic did not apply; the owners of the properties within the estate were contractually bound to comply with the rules of the homeowner's association. The homeowner's associa tion was entitled to make traffic rules and to police such rules in the roads within the estate. The SCA found also, in passing, that even if the roads were public roads, the owner of property in the estate would still be contractually bound by the rules. Such rules would not be against public policy. This submission argues that the SCA is correct that the roads are private roads, and the property owners are contractually bound by the rules. However, the position would be different in respect of public roads. The homeowner's association may only enforce the rules by displaying road signs and they can only do so if they are authorised in terms of section 57 of the National Road Traffic Act. Displaying road signs on a public road without authorisation is an offence and if the roads in Mount Edgecombe v. Singh were public roads, it would be against public policy to enforce the rules. The homeowner's association would need to seek authorisation before enforcing such rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Propiedad Inmaterial is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Centro de Estudios de la Propriedad Intelectual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precarious employment is becoming more and more widespread in the world and inRussia. It is the destruction of the traditional standard model of employment, labour and social rights of workers to secure and sustainable employment. This is one of the problematic areas of modern social relations, exacerbated by the industrial revolution 4.0, globalization of global relations in all areas and their use in the interests of national and world capital. In the article, the author characterizes the essence of precarious employment and presents the results of a sociological study of precarious employment in a representative group. It allowed expanding the sociological tools of its study and the use of sociological indicators to identify groups of workers in relation to precarious employment. The author also studied the parameters of the specified representative group, clarified the indicators of precarious employment and their quantitative values that identify certain aspects. As a result, the author identified four profiles of contemporary employment inRussia, characterized by increasing signs of precarious employment and gave their comparative characteristics. Further, the author described the differences in socio-demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of workers belonging to different profiles of employment. On this basis, the author justified the need to transform labour, civil and other legislation, which would allow more fully using the advantages of standard and flexible employment for employees of various segments of the Russian labour market, ensuring, at the same time, compliance with their labour and social rights.

The spread of digital technologies enhances the topicality of studying new ways of organizing the intercompany exchange of legally relevant documents. The article scrutinizes the linkage between contractual relationship, transaction management mechanisms and discrete institutional alternatives of document interchange. The methodological basis of the study is the provisions of the neo-institutional economic theory, including transaction cost theory and contract theory. The paper addresses the economic effects produced by the spread of electronic document interchange (EDI) through its impact on various types of transaction costs. In addition to the technical component, the issue of compatibility of electronic document formats also has the economic component expressed in the development of an industry standard in the market for EDI service operators and in the above-mentioned effects arising in the process of contracting. The choice of the way of interorganizational document interchange has a significant role in the contracting process, especially in the conditions of the difference in counterparts’ methods of organizing the document flow. The authors discuss the economic aspects of the compatibility of the standards of the electronic documents for interorganizational exchange in the contracting process from constructing contractual arrangements to final paying for goods and services delivered.

This article presents the results of the study on precarious employment, which represents a multilevel phenomenon of the instability in the socio-economic positions of workers. This phenomenon has various forms. Precarious employment can be identified both in terms of the quality and nature of employment contract, working conditions, and in terms of the standard of living of households of precarious workers, their self-perception and behaviour models in labour market and other spheres of life. The purpose of the research is to study precarious employment using sociological indicators. We characterize precarious employment of workers, in general, and also define their profiles. Depending on the type of contractual relations and the implementation of their requirements, the profiles of employees differ in the socio-demographic, age, educational and economic characteristics. As a research method, we chose a mass survey. The sampling frame is the Russian population aged from 15 to 72 years. The selection included 1002 respondents, which were quoted by sex, age, region and socio-demographic status on the labour market. During the survey, we investigated the various aspects of precarious employment including respect for the rights of employees, level of their income, prevalence of various forms of precarious employment by profession, sex-age structure. The results of the study are the demographic, socio-labour and economic characteristics of the surveyed population as well as the description of five profiles identifying the different groups of precarious workers. The results may be applied in social-labour relations regulated by contractual agreements and working conditions of employees. Restrictions are connected with the need to change the legislation and the enforcement of the current labour and civil legislation. Future research should be focused on the ьreasons of the differentiation in precarious employment.

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Целью данной работы является исследование конкретных проявлений оппортунистического поведения и форм их реализации.Метод или методология проведения работы: использованы общенаучные и специальные методы: индукции, дедукции, синтеза, научной абстракции, системного и структурного анализа.Результаты: выявлены две формы оппортунистического поведения, обоснованы предложения по снижению уровня издержек оппортунистического поведения.Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть применены при чтении курсов «Экономическая теория», «Институциональная экономика» и др., а также при разработке государственных программ по повышению привлекательности инвестиционного климата регионов России, при выработке мер по совершенствованию эффективности взаимодействия экономических агентов.