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A total of 1,500 one-day-old Hy-Line W36 pullets were randomized in two treatments, 15 repetitions and 50 pullets per repetitions to evaluate the dietary use of a processed vegetable ingredient (PVI) as a functional feed on the growth performance of pullets. The dietary treatments consisted of the inclusion of 10, 8, 5, and 3 % of the processed vegetable ingredient in starter 1 (0-3 weeks), starter 2 (4-6 weeks), grower (7-12 weeks), developer and pre-lay (13-15; 16-17 weeks, respectively). From the third week on, the functional feed increased (P<0.05) the body weight of pullets compared to the control diet (193.98 vs 204.38 g), without notable changes for viability, uniformity, and feed conversion ratio for 17 experimental weeks (P>0.05). The dietary inclusion with the processed vegetable ingredient had a natural growth-promoting effect on pullets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In preclinical models, NPYergic transmission in dorsal periaqueductal gray (D-PAG) is involved in anxiety and food intake. Nevertheless, the specific NPY receptors involved remain partially unknown. This study was set-up to investigate the pharmacological effects of stimulation/blockade of NPY1 in D-PAG in Wistar rats (male and female) on food, sucrose, and alcohol intake. Animals received injections (intra-D-PAG; n=9) of: (i) vehicle (DMSO 10%); (ii) neuropeptide-Y (NPY, NPY-Y1 receptor endogenous agonist); or (iii) BIBP-3226 (NPY-Y1 selective receptor antagonist). NPY in D-PAG increased food and sucrose (p < 0.05), but not ethanol (p > 0.05) intake. BIBP-3226 decreased food and sucrose intake (p < 0.05) and increased ethanol consumption (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest NPY-Y1 in D-PAG as a key modulator of consummatory behaviors (mainly hedonic) and ethanol intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La inclusión de probiótico hidrolizado (PHZ) en la dieta puede contribuir al rendimiento y la salud de las cerdas y los lechones. Este estudio consistió en evaluar la actividad del PHZ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) como respuesta productiva en cerdas lactantes de la línea genética PIC. Se seleccionaron 48 hembras entre 1 a 6 partos, distribuidas en tres grupos de 16 animales, que, a partir de los 85 días de gestación hasta el destete, recibieron 0; 3 y 6 gramos (g) de PHZ, respectivamente. Los tratamientos (T) se organizaron en un diseño en bloques completamente al azar con el T de cultivo de levadura como efecto principal y número de parto con factor de bloqueo. Se recolectó calostro, para el análisis de composición. Los datos se analizaron por medio de un ANAVA y prueba de LSD de Fischer. Los resultados obtenidos infieren un efecto significativo (P

El objetivo fue determinar la influencia del polvillo de arroz reemplazando al maíz, sobre la producción de pollos. Se utilizaron 192 pollos de la línea Cobb de 21 días de edad, distribuidos en 12 corrales, correspondientes a tres tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones; los niveles de reemplazo del maíz por polvillo de arroz fueron de 0, 5 y 10%, los mismos que representaron a los tratamientos T0, T1 y T2 respectivamente. Cada tratamiento tuvo 64 pollos y cada repetición 16. Se evaluó el incremento de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento de carcasa. El incremento de peso promedio/ave en el T0 fue de 1,65 en el T1 igual a 1,67kg y el T2 alcanzó 1,62 kg. El consumo de alimento, los tratamientos T0, T1 y T2 lograron valores de 3,29 kg; 3,20 kg y 3,14 kg respectivamente. La conversión de alimento en promedio, en los tratamientos T0, T1 y T2 fue de 1,99; 1,92 y 1,94. El rendimiento de carcasa fue de 70,82%; 70,72% y 72,94% para T0, T1 y T2 respectivamente. La inclusión de polvillo hasta un 10% en reemplazo del maíz en la dieta de pollos parrilleros no afectó el comportamiento productivo de las aves

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La utilización de forrajes en la alimentación de los cerdos trae consigo ventajas nutricionales y fisiológicas que favorecen el comportamiento porcino, la morera presenta una excelente calidad nutritiva y fue utilizada con cabras, ovinos y vacunos; el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la respuesta productiva en la etapa de ceba en cerdos cruzados de razas Pietrain y Landrace, al emplear el follaje de morera (Morus alba), como sustituto parcial del concentrado comercial. La investigación se desarrolló en la Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, extensión Chone, y se conformó por 16 cerdos, los tratamientos estudiados fueron T0 como testigo, T1, T2 y T3 corresponderán al 3, 6 y 9% de harina de morera en la alimentación de los cerdos, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones y un individuo. Las principales variables evaluadas fueron: ganancia diaria de peso, consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimentaria y mortalidad. El pesaje de los cerdos se realizó cada 15 días, con la determinación del peso vivo promedio, la ganancia media diaria y la conversión alimentaria. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando el procedimiento del (ANOVA) Análisis de Varianza de Clasificación Simple o Totalmente al Azar, donde se obtuvo un intervalo de confianza del 95%. La inclusión de harina de morera al 3% puede mejorar los parámetros productivos de cerdos cruzados de razas Pietrain y Landrace.

El ácido orgánico mejora los parámetros productivos y la respuesta a tratamientos. Con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de ácidos orgánicos en las ponedoras de la línea Hy-Line para determinar el efecto en los parámetros productivos y la calidad del agua en etapa de crianza de la semana 10 hasta la semana 16. Se realizó una investigación utilizando un diseño completamente al azar, donde se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos y cuatro réplicas con 20 unidades cada uno, denominado T0 (testigo), T1, T2 y T3; administrando la mezcla de ácidos orgánicos en la dosis establecida para cada tratamiento 0,5 cc; 1 cc y 1,5 cc por litro de agua. Se evaluaron variables como peso inicial del pollo, peso por semana del pollo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y mortalidad. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis físico-químico: pH del agua, cloro residual, temperatura y dureza. Se obtuvieron parámetros productivos superiores (p=

La presente investigación se desarrolló en el área experimental de la Granja Santa Inés perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Machala-Ecuador, con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de una dieta sin antibióticos, coccidiostatos y aminoácidos sintéticos, administrada a pollos Cobb 500 sexados sobre los parámetros productivos: Peso vivo, consumo de agua y alimento acumulado, conversión alimenticia, mortalidad, peso ante mortem, peso de la canal y porcentaje de rendimiento de la canal. Se empleó un DCA, en el cual se utilizó un único factor a manipular, el balanceado, separando los machos de las hembras, de una muestra de 100 aves, aplicando una réplica por sexo, dando como resultado 4 unidades experimentales (jaulas), con 25 unidades muestrales (pollos) por replica, las jaulas fueron distribuidas con un número 1 y 4 (hembras), 2 y 3 (machos), cuyos datos se procesaron semanalmente. Para el análisis estadístico, se empleó el programa Statgraphics Centurión XV.I.®, aplicando un ANOVA y para establecer las diferencias entre las medias se usó el procedimiento de comparación múltiple de Bonferroni con un nivel del 95,0% de confianza. Los resultados muestran que los machos a partir de la 2da semana presentan los mejores pesos, así como el mejor peso de la canal, mientras que en el porcentaje de rendimiento de la canal y consumo de agua de bebida destacan las hembras sobre todo en los últimos días del experimento. Demostrando un efecto marcado en algunas variables, al someter a los sexos a una dieta especial.

Introducción: El análisis nutricional de alimentos comerciales ayuda a optimizar su uso y la nutrición de las mascotas, y no existen análisis recientes de este tipo para Costa Rica. Objetivo: Recomendar alimentos para mascotas de acuerdo al estado fisiológico, nivel de actividad y peso de perros y gatos en Costa Rica. Métodos: Los productos registrados en la Dirección de Alimentos para Animales del gobierno se analizaron para obtener información nutricional (2017) y los requisitos de los animales utilizando tres ecuaciones para gatos y nueve para perros. Resultados: De las recomendaciones de paquetes promedio, el 71% proporcionaría una nutrición insuficiente para los perros y el 63% una nutrición insuficiente para los gatos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los productos alimenticios comerciales disponibles en Costa Rica recomiendan cantidades que son insuficientes para satisfacer las necesidades de muchos perros y gatos

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Background: most organisms inhabiting this planet have rhythmic functions in cycles that approximate 24 hours as a result of evolutionary adaptation. Disruption of these rhythms causes disruption in many bodily functions, including energy expenditure and consumption, and lipid and glucose metabolism, in addition to altering several biochemical parameters. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine the effect of altering the light-dark cycle on diurnal and nocturnal food consumption and body weight in rats. Material and methods: three experiments were carried out with an experimental group and a control group in each one. The groups included six males with an age of four months at the beginning of the experiment. Each experiment was 30 days long, starting with a baseline of 10 days and then inverting the light-dark cycle for another 20 days. In the first experiment the inversion took place at the end of the baseline period; in the second, the inversion was performed on days 10 and 20; in the third experiment inversions occurred every five days following the initial 10 days of baseline. Results: our results show a lower body weight gain in the experimental groups when compared to the control groups. Conclusions: significant differences in total consumption of food were not found, but were seen in the patterns of day and night consumption, along with a tendency to develop alterations characteristic of metabolic syndrome, which increased with the frequency of light-dark cycle inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio, fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de β-mananasa sobre el consumo de materia seca (CMS) en los periodos pre y posparto, la producción (PL) y calidad de la leche, el contenido de nitrógeno ureico (NU), y el conteo de células somáticas (CCS) en leche de vacas Holstein-Friesian. Método: En el estudio se utilizaron 30 vacas (Peso vivo (PV)=781±83 kg; de más de dos lactancias) de aproximadamente 260 d de gestación, las cuales se estratificaron por PV y PL en la lactancia previa y se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de dos tratamientos: 1) Dieta completa (Maíz-ensilado de Maíz), Control; y 2) Control+0.10% de β-mananasa (CTCZYME; Seoul, South Korea). Resultados: El CMS preparto no fue diferente (14.44±0.70 vs 15.66±0.70 kg d-1; p>0.05) entre tratamientos. En el posparto, de manera similar, no hubo diferencias (p>0.05) entre las vacas complementadas con las enzimas y las vacas Control. Por el contrario, PL fue mayor (42.66±1.31 vs 38.24±1.31 kg vaca-1 d-1; p0.05) ninguno de los componentes de la leche. Por el contrario, las vacas que se alimentaron con la enzima fueron más eficientes (p

Objective. To describe the consumption of recommended and non-recommended food groups for daily consumption, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. Materials and methods. Information from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey from Mexico, using a 7-day food consumption frequency questionnaire, in children and adults. We estimated consumption of seven food groups in quartiles by age group. We analyzed the association of locality of residence, region and tertil of well-being index (WBI). Results. Living in urban locality, north region, or medium or high WBI were associated with higher possibility of being in higher quartiles of egg and dairy, legumes, processed meat and snacks, candies and desserts consumption. Conclusions. In the southern Mexico more fruits are consumed, but less legumes, eggs and dairy products, while in urban locations more snacks, sweets and desserts are consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: evaluar la dureza de diferentes grupos de alimentos a la masticación. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo in vitro, en el que se evaluó la dureza de diferentes golosinas, chicharrón y carne bovina. Para ello se utilizó un texturómetro EZ-S Shimadzu. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos fue realizado de manera individual utilizando las pruebas estadísticas Shapiro Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis y la de comparación de Mann Whitney. Resultados: de los grupos de alimentos estudiados, presentó una alta dureza a la masticabilidad la golosina Coffe Deligth® (dulce de café duro) con la mayor fuerza requerida de 268,25 N, seguida de otra golosina Bon Bon Bum® (chupeta) con un valor de 179,5 N y luego las mentas (dulce de menta duro) con 165,25 N. En el caso de la carne bovina y las rosquillas horneadas se encuentraron valores más bajos. Conclusiones: debido a las elevadas fuerzas que hay que aplicar para lograr la fracturabilidad y masticabilidad de los alimentos de alta dureza, el consumo de estos es un eventual factor de riesgo para las restauraciones dentales y para los mismos dientes, con lo que se puede inducir a fracturas en los materiales restauradores o en los propios órganos dentarios.

Introduction: Current diets of broiler chickens tend to increase protein levels to obtain high productive variables that are achieved in combination with genetic, management, and sanitary improvements, among others. An increase in dietary crude protein levels does not always accompany an increase in broiler productive efficiency due to multiple factors involved in the production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on productive performance, carcass characteristics, and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat in broiler chickens raised in the dry subtropics of northeastern Mexico. Method: The study used 200, 1-day-old male Ross broiler chicks. In a completely randomized design, birds were allocated to the four treatments with five replicates (floor pens) of ten birds each. The trial was divided in two phases (starter and finisher) of 21 days each (42 days total). Treatment diets (T) for starter and finisher phases had crude protein concentrations (CP; %) of 21 and 18.1 (T1), 21.4 and 18.5 (T2), 21.8 and 18.9 (T3), and 22.2 and 19.3 (T4), respectively. Within each feeding phase, the four treatment diets were formulated to similar levels of apparent metabolizable energy. Results: Protein concentrations had no effect (P > 0.05) on weight gain, while feed intake was greater in T1 (P < 0.05) than in T2 and T3. Feed conversion was better in T2 and T4 (P < 0.05) than in T1. There was no influence of treatment on carcass weight or carcass cuts (P > 0.05). Carcass yield was greater in T1 than in T3 (P < 0.05). Breast and thigh dry matter and ether extracts were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Breast crude protein was greater (P < 0.05) in T2 than in T3. The lowest (P < 0.05) CP concentration in thigh meat was in T3. Discussion or Conclusion: These results indicated that in the dry subtropics area of northeastern Mexico increases in CP above the level of T2 (21.4% and 18.5% CP in starter and finisher diets, respectively) did not improve broiler chicken productive performance, carcass characteristics or meat chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous β-mannanase addition on dry matter intake (DMI) in the pre- and postpartum periods, milk yield (MY) and milk composition, urea nitrogen content (NU) and somatic cell count (SCC) in Holstein-Friesian cows. Method: Thirty cows were used in the study (body weight (BW)=781±83 kg; of more than two lactations) of approximately 260 d of gestation. The cows were stratified by BW and their previous MY and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Total mixed ration (corn-silage of corn), Control; and 2) Control+0.10% of β-mannanase (CTCZYME; Seoul, Korea). Results: In the prepartum period, DMI was similar (14.44±0.70 vs 15.66±0.70 kg d-1; p>0.05) between treatments. In the postpartum period, there were no differences (p>0.05) in DMI between the Control and the group with enzymes. On the contrary, MY was greater (42.66±1.31 vs 38.24±1.31 kg cow-1 d-1; p<0.05) in supplemented than in Control cows. The addition of β- mannanase into cow diets did not influence (p>0.05) milk composition; however, supplemented cows showed greater (p<0.05) feed utilization efficiency than Control cows. The SCC was lower (152,600±294.1 vs 1,112,6400±294.1 coliform cells per mL; p<0.05) in milk of cows that received β-mannanase. Conclusion: Addition of β-mannanase in corn-corn silage diets increased milk yield and decreased the somatic cell content in milk, but it did not influence dry matter intake in both pre- and postpartum periods, nor did it influence the urea nitrogen content in milk, and postpartum milk composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os teores de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro atuam como reguladores físicos do consumo voluntário em ruminantes. Assim, diferentes níveis destes componentes podem interferir no desempenho animal e necessitam de avaliação criteriosa da matéria-prima utilizada. O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da casca do grão de soja e a aveia branca, em usos distintos ou associados na dieta concentrada no comportamento ingestivo de bovinos. Utilizou-se 36 novilhos com idade média inicial de 20 meses e peso médio inicial de 226 kg. A dieta foi composta de 50 % de silagem de sorgo e 50 % de concentrado com base na matéria seca. As dietas testadas foram: casca do grão de soja (fração concentrada composta principalmente por casca do grão de soja), grão de aveia branca (fração concentrada composta principalmente por grão de aveia branca) e mistura (fração concentrada composta por partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com 12 animais por dieta. Os dados foram comparados pelo procedimento PROC MIXED com avaliações repetidas no tempo e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de diferença mínima significativa ao nível de 5 % de significância. As dietas apresentaram diferentes teores de fibra em detergente neutro (66, 56 e 47 %) e lignina (3,2; 3,7 e 4,1 %) conforme aumento da participação do grão de aveia branca na dieta. O tempo de ruminação total foi inferior (447 minutos) para animais que receberam partes iguais de casca do grão de soja e grão de aveia branca na dieta em relação a animais recebendo dieta contendo casca do grão de soja (483 minutos) e grão de aveia branca (495 minutos), que não deferiram entre si. Animais alimentados com a dieta contendo casca de grão de soja e grão de aveia branca apresentaram maior tempo de alimentação, maior número de refeições diárias, menor tempo de ruminação, menor tempo despendido para mastigação, menor número de mastigadas por bolo e no dia. Tal dieta resulta em melhor eficiência de ruminação de matéria seca e de fibra em detergente neutro.

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cane molasses (CM) are considered an alternative for cereals and reduce cost of diets. However, adding levels up 20 % of total diet to replace cereals of the diet of pigs could reduce growth performance because of the low metabolizable energy value of the CM, coupled with failure of the pigs to increase feed consumption to maintain metabolizable energy and protein intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with CM and protein levels on the use of dietary nitrogen (N) in growing and finishing pigs. The hypothesis was that high levels of CM with an appropriate balance of amino acids do not affect N balance in growing and finishing pigs. One trial with six growing pigs (20-50 kg body weight) and other with six finishing pigs (50-100 kg body weight) were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary CM (0, 10 and 20 %) on N balance. Each experiment was conducted in a replicated 3×3 Latin Square design with three treatments and six replicates each. In the first experiment growing pigs fed diet with 20 % CM had higher feed and N intake and N losses, as well as lower N retained than those fed with 0 and 10 % (p⩽0.05). In finishing pigs, the highest values of fed and N intake as well as total N losses were found with diets containing 10 and 20 % CM compared with diets without CM. Nitrogen retained decreased linearly as percentage of CM increased in the diet. In the second experiment a N balance was conducted with finishing pigs fed basal diets with 0 and 20 % CM and 10, 12 and 14 % crude protein (CP) balanced for lysine. Nitrogen intake, excretion and retention increased as CP increased in the diet. Although CM increased N intake, no changes in fecal or urinary N excretion and N retention were found. Dietary CM inclusion decreased Nutilization efficiency in growing and finishing pigs. However, the undesirable effects of CM at 20 % on N balance were no observed when diets were formulated for ideal protein amino acid pattern for finishing pigs. Therefore, the inclusion of CM in diets for growing and finishing pigs should consider an amino acid balance to maintain an adequate N utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and economic viability of producing sheep fed different levels of roughage, concentrate, and water. Forty Santa Inês crossbred sheep with an average initial weight of 18.85 ± 2.80 kg and an average age of 5.0 ± 2.0 months were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement composed of two proportions of roughage and concentrate (30:70 and 70:30) and two levels of water supply (ad libitum, and 50% restriction), with 10 replicates. Water restriction had a negative effect (P0.05) feed conversion or feed conversion. Total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were influenced by the proportions of roughage and concentrate. In conclusion, the diet with 70% roughage, associated with a water restriction of 50%, reduced the uptake of energy and protein, compromising the animal performance. The combination of the diet plus concentrate and water restricted to 50% of the free consumption provides a better cost-benefit ratio.

Background: Behavioral traits of pigs have been shown to be partly under genetic control, which raises the possibility that behavior might be altered by genetic selection, resulting in pigs with better growth performance. Objective: To evaluate the behavior and growth of finishing pigs and investigate pigs selected for high or low social breeding value (SBV) in relation to social behavior and group growth. Methods: Thirty-five females and 35 boars from five positive and five negative SBV groups of finishing pigs were grown from 30 to 90 kg and housed in 10 test pens (3.0 × 3.3 m, 7 pigs/pen). Pigs were recorded with video technology for nine consecutive hours on days 1, 15, and 30 after mixing. Pigs were weighed at approximately 90 kg body weight and the number of days to reach 90 kg was then calculated. Results: The frequency and duration of behaviors were present in the positive and negative SBV groups after mixing. On day 1 after mixing, agonistic behavior was significantly higher (p=0.027) for the -SBV group compared with the +SBV group. Feeding and feeding-together behaviors were significantly higher (p<0.003) in the +SBV group on days 1 and 30 after mixing. Moreover, growth performance to reach 90 kg body weight was significantly faster (p<0.002) in the +SBV group than in the -SBV group. Conclusion: Social interactions, such as feeding-together behavior, among pen mates might affect their growth rate and feed intake. Selection for SBV could be used as an indirect technique for improving growth performance of pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has selenium deficiency in most of its territory, this has consequences on animal health, decreasing immunity and productive parameters, such as food consumption and weight gain. The present work evaluated the selenium supplementation in kids in three study groups; One group was supplemented with selenium orally through intraruminal boluses (GBSe) (7 animals); a group was supplemented with selenium parenterally (GSeP) (7 animals); a control group without treatment (GC) (6 animals). Feed intake, weight gain, and immune response were measured trough serum IgG levels against a bacterin-toxoid. It was observed that the supplemented animals had higher levels of selenium in erythrocytes unlike the control group (GC) (p <0.05), but no differences were observed associated with the route of administration of the mineral (p> 0.05). Supplementation apparently did not have a clear effect on feed intake and weight gain (p> 0.05). It was possible to increase the concentrations of the mineral in erythrocytes in the supplemented animals. The humoral immune response was influenced by selenium supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has selenium deficiency in most of its territory, this has consequences on animal health, decreasing immunity and productive parameters, such as food consumption and weight gain. The present work evaluated the selenium supplementation in kids in three study groups; One group was supplemented with selenium orally through intraruminal boluses (GBSe) (7 animals); a group was supplemented with selenium parenterally (GSeP) (7 animals); a control group without treatment (GC) (6 animals). Feed intake, weight gain, and immune response were measured trough serum IgG levels against a bacterin-toxoid. It was observed that the supplemented animals had higher levels of selenium in erythrocytes unlike the control group (GC) (p <0.05), but no differences were observed associated with the route of administration of the mineral (p> 0.05). Supplementation apparently did not have a clear effect on feed intake and weight gain (p> 0.05). It was possible to increase the concentrations of the mineral in erythrocytes in the supplemented animals. The humoral immune response was influenced by selenium supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the influence of music therapy as an adjuvant treatment in the recovery of postoperative patients, 20 mestizo female dogs were selected between 3 years and 6 months of age, with an average weight of 10.90 ± 0.58 kg, without pre-existing conditions, which underwent ovarian salpingohysterectomy (OSH) performed through the midline. Ten randomly selected animals underwent music therapy (T1), while the rest remained as a control group (T2), with the same diet. The variables pain (DL) (using the modified Melbourne and Glasgow scales), heart rate (FC), respiratory frequency (FR), food intake (CA), and final weight (PF) were studied for seven days. The observations were analyzed through a T-Student test. For T1, the results were averages with statistical effects (p < 0.05): 1.49 (DL); 20.85 rpm (FR); 402.66 g (CA), and 12.65 kg (PF). For the control group (T2) they were: 6.82 (DL); 28.28 rpm (FR); 357.69 g (CA), and 11.92 kg (PF). It is concluded that post-surgical music therapy (T1) in these conditions is a viable alternative in patient recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se evaluó el efecto de ensilaje de maíz con diferentes niveles de inclusión de alfalfa como suplemento en la alimentación de ovinos Corriedale x Pool Dorset en pastoreo, mediante diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. El ensilaje se realizó en fundas plásticas de 40 kg, durante 30 días; luego del periodo de adaptación, se suministró en una cantidad equivalente al 30% del consumo diario en base seca. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1 ensilaje de maíz + 10% de alfalfa; T2 ensilaje de maíz + 20% de alfalfa, T3 ensilaje de maíz + 30% de alfalfa y T4 pastoreo (testigo). Se analizó la composición química y palatabilidad del ensilaje, consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia y rentabilidad. Los resultados demuestran un aceptable contenido de proteína cruda del ensilaje, con valores de 9,46 a 11,66%; aunque los tenores de fibra cruda son elevados con 26%; la palatabilidad osciló entre y 73 y 79% y el consumo de alimento en base a materia seca varió de 1,11 a 1,45 kg/d para el pasto y de 0,33 a 0,38 kg/d para el ensilaje; los tratamientos con ensilaje registraron mayor consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso y mejor conversión alimenticia (p< 0,001) que el grupo testigo. Se concluye que la inclusión de diferentes niveles de alfalfa en el ensilaje de maíz, mejora su valor nutritivo; por lo que puede constituir una buena alternativa para la suplementación alimenticia de ovinos en pastoreo durante la época de escases de forrajes

Background: Temporal trends in dietary patterns reveal associations between food consumption and increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases. Objectives: This study characterized dietary patterns in adolescents in urban area located in northeast of Brazil, relating it to the markers of a healthy diet. Methods: A cross-sectional study used two 24-hour recalls to assess dietary intake in 430 public school students from Natal-RN, Brazil. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns according to consumption of food based on weight (grams), energy (Kcal), or fiber (grams). These models resulted in a number of different main components, 7, 8 and 4, respectively (cumulative variance >70%; factor loadings >0.4). The association between independent variables and the factor scores of all components obtained was determined by the Prevalence Ratio (CI 95%). Results: The dietary patterns derived were: (1) Pure Traditional Food System, the highly representative pattern in young adolescents and the first component of the analytical models, (2) Combined and Risk Food System; extraction of total food weight and energy revealed markers of unhealthy diets based on high sugar, saturated fat, and salt consumption, and (3) Modified Traditional Food System represented by fiber; pattern 1 was observed within this model too. The associations observed, predominantly from the TFSm pattern, distinguished by sex, age and nutritional status. Conclusions: Patterns 1 and 3 are characterized by preserved regional food practices that prevent chronic disease, whereas pattern 2 is characterized by health risks. These inter-sectorial findings should be considered in the development of health care policies for children and adolescents.

Dietary mycotoxins have been shown to cause detrimental effects in swine health and production. The objective of this study was to develop tools for predicting the effects of aflatoxin (AFL), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) changes using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 80 and 63 observations were extracted from 18 experiments testing the effects of AFL on FI and WG, respectively, and the differences of AFL concentrations between the control and treatment groups ranged from 0.02 to 2.5 mg/kg. A total of 117 and 113 observations from 20 experiments were used for testing the effects of DON on FI and WG, respectively. The differences of DON concentrations between the control and treatment groups ranged from 0.5 to 10.5 mg/kg. A total of 16 and 17 observations from 18 experiments were used for testing the effects of ZON on FI and WG, respectively, and the differences of ZON concentrations between the control and treatment groups ranged from 0.2 to 9.0 mg/kg. Effects of experiment, initial body weight, and experimental period were not significant for developing prediction equations for the changes of FI and WG. The models developed for predicting FI and WG changes (ΔFI and ΔWG) as % by AFL concentrations as mg/kg were: ΔFI = -24.9 × AFL - 1.7 with r² = 0.70 and p

In commercial poultry production, 70% of the production costs are related to feeding, this is a limiting factor affecting the profitability. This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of chontaduro peel (Bactris gasipaes), enriched with the (Pleurotus ostreatus) fungus, in the feeding of broilers; using a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three repetitions per treatment, with inclusion levels of 0,10% and 20% of chontaduro fruit peel, and 10 and 20% of chontaduro fruit peel enriched with the fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus). The productive behavior of the lot was determined by the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, skin pigmentation and cost benefit ratio of the portions. In this regard, no statistical differences (p <0,05) between treatments for all production variables evaluated were found, except for pigmentation, which was higher with levels of 20% of inclusion; as well as the positive effect in economic terms where the addition of a 20% of chontaduro peel flour enriched with the fungus is favorable because of the better cost-benefit ratio, without significantly affectingthe productive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study, qualitative/quantitative aimed to identify the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of families of obese adolescents. A total of 21 relatives of obese adolescents participated in the study. These obese adolescents were in treatment at the overweight and obesity ambulatory. An adaptation of the Socioeconomic and Ethnic-Cultural Questionnaire proposed by Lasaitis. The questionnaire was answered by the participants individually in a private and quiet room and addressed issues relating to socio-demographic data, consumer goods, cultural profile and dietary profile. A field diary was used from the observations made during the weekly meetings at the clinic. The notes were related to: the families of the reports regarding the difficulty of consuming healthy foods because of the added value of these foods, the difficulties in provide cultural and physical activity activities. Through these observations it was possible to sustain and give consistency to the understanding of the analysis. Data collected were analysed in a descriptive manner, using frequency and percentage. In regard to the characterization of the group, it was observed that 62% of the participants were maried, 72% reported to live in a urban zone and 52% had incomplete elementary school. Concerning the income, 67% classified themselves in the middle class. As for consumer goods, it was observed that 100% of participants have a television. As regards to food habit, it was observed that starches/carbohydrates are the most consumed foods, and all members of the family have a habit of getting an extra serving of food. Finally, it is understood that obesity is not solely related to economic classes with greater purchasing power. Another issue relates to food intake, which it is ultimately understood as a representation of social status among the groups of adolescents. With regard to cultural activities, there is evidence that the time the adolescents spend in front of the television is very expressive, which increases immobility and reinforces patterns of physical inactivity, resulting in an unhealthy lifestyle and increasing even more the conditions favorable for the development of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la rentabilidad económica de la producción de carne de ovino Katahdin x Pelibuey comparando diferentes tipos de alimentación. Los indicadores se obtuvieron de una unidad de producción con un sistema semi-intensivo tecnificado de estrato socioeconómico medio. Se utilizaron los registros productivos de ovinos en tres experimentos diferentes: a) pastoreo con suplementación, b) estabulación con una dieta integral de sacchasorgo y c) estabulación con alimento comercial. En cada tipo de alimentación se registró el consumo diario individual, y el peso de los corderos cada quince días. Para determinar la rentabilidad se utilizó la Matriz de Análisis de Política (map), donde los ingresos y los costos fueron evaluados a precios de mercado. En la producción de un kilogramo de carne, los insumos comerciables representaron mayor porcentaje en ovinos estabulados (90%) respecto de los ovinos en pastoreo (48%). El mayor costo correspondió a la alimentación en todos los casos. En estabulación, los factores internos representaron de 7 a 9% y los costos fijos cerca del 1%; mientras que en ovinos en pastoreo estos indicadores representaron el 38% y 14%, respectivamente. La rentabilidad privada fue de 132% en corderos en pastoreo, 4% en corderos alimentados con sacchasorgo, -11.70% en hembras alimentadas con sacchasorgo y -12.30% en los machos que recibieron alimento comercial. Se concluye que la producción de carne es rentable en corderos en pastoreo y en los machos alimentados con una dieta integral de sacchasorgo, ya que todos los indicadores resultaron positivos.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de diferentes niveles de pulpa fresca de limón (PFL), como sustituto del grano de sorgo en la alimentación de corderas de pelo, sobre los parámetros de ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), consumo diario de alimento (CDA, base materia seca, MS) y conversión alimenticia (CAL), y se determinó la composición bromatológica de las raciones. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó, utilizando 20 corderas de pelo, alimentadas individualmente durante un período de 75 días, bajo condiciones de estabulación. Los tratamientos fueron: T1=0% PFL; T2=10% PFL; T3=20% PFL; y T4=30% PFL con base a MS. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. El concentrado y la PFL fueron ofrecidos de manera mezclada y a libre acceso, pesando el alimento ofrecido y rechazado diariamente, con pesajes cada 21 días para la GDP. Se realizó un análisis de composición nutricional de las raciones. Los datos se evaluaron mediante un ANOVA en un diseño completamente al azar. Resultados. No se encontró diferencia significativa (p>0.05) para la GDP que fueron de 97, 108, 103 y 103 g y las CAL fueron de 9.62, 8.68, 9.31 y 10.23, respectivamente, para cada tratamiento. Se observó un CDA con base en MS, mayor (p

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da frequência no fornecimento de volumoso e concentrado e/ou da categoria animal sobre o comportamento ingestivo de bovinos. Foram utilizadas 16 novilhas e 16 vacas com idade média inicial de 20 e 66 meses e peso médio inicial de 338 e 432 kg, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas frequências de fornecimento do volumoso e do concentrado: 2 V/C - volumoso e concentrado duas vezes ao dia; 1 V/C - volumoso e concentrado uma vez ao dia; 1 V/2 C - volumoso uma vez ao dia e concentrado duas vezes ao dia; 1 V/3 C - volumoso uma vez ao dia e concentrado três vezes ao dia, ofertadas às categorias vacas e novilhas. A dieta foi composta de 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado com base na matéria seca (MS). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 × 2 (frequências × categorias). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste t. A interação frequência de fornecimento e categoria animal foi significativa para as características tempo de ruminação e ócio, eficiência de ruminação da matéria seca e da fibra detergente neutro, número de bolos diário e tempo diário de mastigação. Em relação às vacas, as novilhas apresentaram maiores tempos de ócio e mastigação quando receberam a alimentação uma vez ao dia. A frequência de fornecimento da dieta não influenciou o tempo de consumo. As vacas apresentaram maior tempo consumindo alimento e taxa de ingestão em comparação às novilhas (4,38 vs 4,09 horas e 2,91 vs 2,35 kg de MS/hora de consumo, respectivamente). O aumento na frequência da alimentação estimula os animais a maior ingestão de alimento no momento do fornecimento.The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of frequency of roughage and supplement supply and/or animal category on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Sixteen heifers and sixteen cows, with average initial age of 20 and 66 months and average initial weight of 338 and 432 kg, respectively, were used. Treatments were represented by the frequencies of roughage and concentrate supply: 2 R/C - roughage and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/C - roughage and concentrate one time per day; 1 R/2C - roughage one time per day and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/3 C - roughage one time per day and concentrate three times per day, offered to cows and heifers. Diet was composed of 60% maize silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis (DM). The complete randomized experimental design was used, with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (frequencies × category). The data were submitted to variance analysis and averages were compared by "t" test. The interaction between supply frequencies and animal category was significant for rumination and idle times, efficiencies of dry matter rumination and of neutral detergent fiber rumination, number of ruminated bolus and daily time of chew. Heifers showed longer idle periods and daily time of chew when compared with cows that received food once in a day. Duration of feed intake did not vary with frequencies. Cows showed longer period of feed intake and ingestive rate in relation to heifers (4.38 vs. 4.09 hours and 2.91 vs. 2.35 kg of DM/hour of intake, respectively). The increase in food frequency stimulated animals to intensify feed intake at the moment of supply.

La respuesta productiva de conejos raza californiana alimentados con forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) de avena como reemplazo parcial de concentrado comercial (CC), fue evaluada en condiciones de desierto en el norte de Chile. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos de alimentación, equivalentes a 0, 25, 50, 75 y 100% de reemplazo de la dieta diaria con FVH, el cual fue cosechado y utilizado directamente diez días después de la siembra. Cuarenta y cinco conejos destetados a los 31 días fueron evaluados en un diseño completamente al azar hasta alcanzar un peso de sacrificio de 2 kg de peso vivo. La calidad del FVH de avena fue considerada como buena, presentando similar valor nutritivo que el CC. Las variables evaluadas y sus respectivos rangos fueron: consumo de materia seca promedio (59.17 - 104.73 g/día), ganancia de peso vivo promedio (16.35 - 29.10 g/animal por día), conversión alimenticia promedio (3.31 - 3.93 kg MS/kg PV), tiempo de peso vivo a sacrificio (53 - 91 días), peso vivo final (1430 - 2044 g/animal), peso de la canal (1235 - 1385 g/animal) y rendimiento de la canal (59.19 - 62.25%). El reemplazo de hasta 50% de la dieta base con FVH de avena no afectó significativamente (P < 0.05) el consumo de alimento, tiempo de peso vivo a sacrificio, peso vivo final y rendimiento de la canal, haciendo posible su uso como recurso forrajero alternativo en la alimentación de conejos en etapa de engorde en condiciones de desierto.The productive response of Californian rabbits fed with hydroponic green oats forage (HGOF) as a partial replacement of commercial concentrate (CC) was evaluated under desert conditions in northern Chile. Five treatments were established as follow: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of daily diet with HGOF, which was harvested and used directly at 10 days after sowing. Forty-five rabbits weaned at 31 days were evaluated in a completely randomized design until slaughter weight of 2.0 kg. HGOF quality was considered as good, presenting similar nutritional value to CC. The variables assessed and range values were: average dry matter intake (59.17-104.73 g/d), average weight gain (16.35-29.10 g/ rabbit for day), feed conversion average (3.31-3.93 kg DM/ kg LW), time of weight at slaughter (53-91 d), final weight (1430-2044 g/ rabbit), carcass weight (1235-1385 g/ rabbit) and dressing out percent (59.19- 62.25%). The replacement up to 50% of the basal diet with HGOF did not affect significantly (P < 0.05) the feed intake, time of weight at slaughter, final weight and dressing out percent, making feasible its use as alternative forage on diet of fattening rabbits under desert conditions.

El objetivo fue conocer la ganancia diaria de peso (gdp) y estimar el consumo de pasto Taiwán en ovinos suplementados con diferentes fuentes de proteína. Se realizaron tres estudios, en el primero, se utilizó pasta de coco (pcoco) (Cocus nucifera) y pcoco + bloques multinutricionales (bmn) que se proporcionaron a siete corderos, respectivamente, en el segundo, se proporcionó un alimento balanceado comercial a un grupo de ocho corderos y se suplementó con pcoco a otros ocho animales, y en el tercero, se suplementó con chícharo Gandul (cgandul) (Cajanus cajan) a cuatro hembras y cuatro machos y con pcoco a otros dos grupos similares. La investigación se realizó en Salto de Agua, Chiapas, México. Se registró el consumo diario por grupo y cada quince días se registró el peso vivo. El análisis estadístico de gdp se realizó con el procedimiento mixed del sas. Las gdp fueron mayores en el grupo con bmn (0.082± 0.06 kg) respecto al sin el bmn (0.045 ± 0.09 kg). La gdp de los corderos alimentados con pcoco fue 0.09 ± 0.02 Kg y los alimentados con pasto Taiwán + pcoco tuvieron 0.06 ± 0.03 Kg. Los corderos machos suplementados con pcoco tuvieron mejor gdp (0.09 ± 0.03 Kg) que machos y hembras suplementados con cgandul (0.03 ± 0.02 y 0.04 ± 0.02 Kg, respectivamente). El consumo se incrementó con la edad de los animales y mostró gran variación entre días. La suplementación con pcoco y bmn permiten incrementar las ganancias de peso de corderos estabulados.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo y el rendimiento de la canal en pollos de engorda, con el uso de harina de hojas de plantas aromáticas como aditivo fitoterapéutico al 0,07% en la dieta. Fueron utilizados 280 pollitos machos de la estirpe Ross 308, de 1 a 42 días de edad, distribuidos de forma aleatoria en un diseño completamente al azar, en cuatro tratamientos y siete repeticiones con 10 pollos cada una. Las combinaciones fueron en proporción 50:50 de harina de Origanum vulgare y Piper auritum (OHS), O. vulgare y Ocimum basilicum (OA), O. basilicum y P. auritum (HSA), y un testigo con flavomicina al 4%. El grupo testigo obtuvo el mayor peso corporal (2.385 g), consumo de alimento (204 g por ave por día) y mortalidad acumulada (21,87%), al final de la prueba. No hubo diferencias con la combinación de OA (2.198 g) y HSA (2.023 g) en peso corporal y consumo de alimento. La combinación OA registró la menor (1,96) y OHS la mayor (2,44) conversión de alimento. No se encontraron diferencias en el rendimiento de la canal. La combinación al 50% de O. vulgare y O. basilicum, incluida al 0,07% en la dieta para pollos de engorda, es una alternativa como promotora del crecimiento y no altera el rendimiento de la canal.The objective of this study was to determine the growth performance and carcass yield in broilers using leaf meals as an additive phytotherapy of herbs at 0.07% in the diet. Two hundred eighty male chicks of Ross 308 strain, with 1 to 42 days of age, were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replicates of 10 chickens each. The blends were in the proportion of 50:50 of Origanum vulgare and Piper auritum (OHL), O. vulgare and Ocimum basilicum (OA), O. basilicum and P. auritum (AHL), and one control group with flavomicim at 4%. The control group showed the highest body weight (2,385 g), feed consumption (204 g per broiler per day) and accumulative mortality (21.87%), at the end of the assay. There was no difference with OA (2,198 g) and AHL (2,023 g) blends in body weight and feed consumption. The blend OA had the lowest (1.96) and OHL had the highest (2.44) feed conversion. There was no difference in the carcass yield. The blend at 50% of O. vulgare and O. basilicum, included at 0.07% in the diet for broilers, is an alternative for promoting growth and does not alter the yield carcass.

Animales y humanos consumen más alimento si son expuestos a dietas tipo buffet, en relación con el consumo registrado en dietas monótonas o con un solo tipo de alimento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la conducta de consumo de un grupo de sujetos expuestos a tres variedades de un mismo alimento (forma, color o sabor), después de haber sido expuestos sólo a una variedad. Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos consumen más alimento cuando éste es presentado en tres diferentes variedades de color y sabor, que cuando sólo se presenta un tipo de alimento. Estos resultados confirman que la variedad y apariencia de los alimentos representan señales que estimulan el incremento de las respuestas de ingesta.

Objective. Evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of fresh lemon pulp (FLP) was determined as a substitute of sorghum grain in the feeding of hair sheep in parameters of daily weight gain (DWG), daily food consumption (DFC), and feed conversion (FC), the nutritional composition of the ration was also determined. Materials and methods. The study was carried out using 20 hair ewes individually fed on a period of 75 days. The treatments were as follows: T1=0% FLP; T2=10% FLP; T3=20% FLP; and T4=30% FLP based on DM. A totally randomized design was used with five replicates per treatment. Concentrate and FLP were offered ad libitum as a mixture, registering the amounts of feed offered and rejected daily. Body weight was registered every 21 days for the DWG and analysis of nutritional composition of rations was performed. And for an analysis of daily food consumption. The data were evaluated through ANOVA in an entirely randomized design. Results. There was no meaningful difference (p>0.05) for the DWG that scored 97, 108, 103 and 103 g or for the FC that scored 9.62, 8.68, 9.31 and 10.23, respectively. For each treatment and for each DFC based on DM, a meaningful difference was observed (p<0.05) for T4 by replacing sorghum to 30%. Conclusions. FLP is an alternative to replace partially or completely the grains for hair ewes without lessening the evaluated parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the influence of water temperature (Tw) on the energy acquisition and use in the chilean silverside Basilichthys australis (Eigenmann 1927), an endemic species inhabiting freshwater ecosystems in Chile. We tested the effect of Tw (11.5, 14.0, 18.0, 22.0 and 26.0 °C) on food intake, digestibility, food transit time and metabolic rate. As expected, this study demonstrated that many physiological variables under study were significantly affected by Tw, as well as the net energy balance of this species. Nevertheless, the net energy balance was not strictly related to the range of Tws evaluated. At Tws lower than 14 °C the energy budget was depressed, because food intake was lower than at Tws between 14 and 26 °C, where food intake was higher and independent of Tw. Consequently, at these temperatures the energy balance was positive and also independent of Tw. Physiologically, B. australis appears to be a tolerant species with respect to the wide range of water temperature in habitats at different depths. Thus, its distributions may extend through the entire profile of lakes and rivers, even in systems characterised by spatial and temporal thermal variabilityEn este trabajo evaluamos la influencia de la temperatura del agua (Ta) en la adquisición de energía y su uso por parte del pejerrey chileno Basilichthys australis (Eigenmann 1927), una especie endémica que habita los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas de Chile. Investigamos el efecto de Ta (11,5, 14,0, 18,0, 22,0 y 26,0 °C) en la ingesta de alimento, digestibilidad, tiempo de transito del alimento y tasa metabólica. De acuerdo a lo esperado, este estudio demostró que varias de las variables fisiológicas bajo estudio fueron significativamente afectadas por Ta, así como el balance energético de esta especie. Sin embargo, el balance neto de energía no estuvo estrictamente relacionado al rango de Tas evaluadas. En Tas inferiores a 14 °C el presupuesto de energía fue deprimido, debido a que la ingesta de alimento fue inferior que en Tas entre 14 y 26 °C, donde la ingesta de alimento fue mayor e independiente de Ta. Consecuentemente, en estas temperaturas el balance de energía fue positivo y también independiente de Ta. Fisiológicamente, B. australis parece ser una especie tolerante en un amplio rango de temperaturas acuáticas en hábitats de diferentes profundidades. Así, su distribución puede extenderse a través del entero perfil vertical de lagos y ríos, aun en sistemas caracterizados por presentar variabilidad termal en las escalas espacial y temporal

Performance of Krškopolje pigs in conventional and organic production system was investigated in project TREASURE. Thirty-six castrates were assigned (at app. 70 kg) to 3 treatment groups (TG): organic (ECO), conventional (CON) and conventional with lucerne supplementation (CON+L). CON (n=12) and CON+L (n=12) were housed indoors, while ECO (n=12) pigs were housed in a pen with an outdoor access. Two barley based diets were composed; organic for ECO (12.4 MJ ME, 12.9% CP, 0.7% Lys) and conventional (12.7 MJ ME, 13.6% CP, 1.2 % Lys) for CON and CON+L and distributed in equal quantities (app. 3.4 kg per pig) to CON and ECO whereas CON+L were offered 10% less feed. ECO and CON+L were supplemented with lucerne hay or pellets, respectively. After 73 days on trial, CON+L pigs had 11% lower (P=0.148) average daily gain (ADG) and ECO had 13% higher (P= 0.097) ADG than CON pigs. ECO pigs had less variation in body weight at the end of the trial. Backfat thickness gain was 0.28 vs. 0.32 and 0.36 mm/day for CON+L, CON and ECO, respectively (P=0.083). Feed conversion ratio was comparable in CON and CON+L (4.90 vs. 4.91 kg feed/kg gain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En condiciones de regiones semi-árida templada y tropical húmeda, un total de quince cabras primalas y adultas fueron estudiadas en: a).- La caracterización de la carga calórica ambiental Para obtener el articulo completo pueden contactar al Editor de la Revista Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios en el siguiente correo electrónico era@ujat.mx y se les enviará sin algún costo.

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Objective. A study was carried out to evaluate the performance and the plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of male pigs of medium genetic potential for lean meat deposition in carcass, which underwent immunocastration. Materials and methods. Forty-five seventy-days old Large White x Landrace crossbred were used. The pigs were distributed in a randomized design in three treatments: castrated males, females and immunocastrated males. Each treatment group was replicated three times with five pigs per replicate. The trial period was of 70 days, divided into phases of growing (70 to 110 days old) and finishing (111 to 140 days old). The pigs were weighed four times: at the beginning of the trial, at the first immunocastration vaccine dose (80 days old), at the second immunocastration vaccine dose (110 days old) and just before slaughter (140 days old). Blood samples were taken on the same day that the animals were weighed. Results. Between 80 and 110 days old, there was an increase in PUN value, only for castrated males and females. No differences were found in weight gain between the studied groups within the periods. Immunocastrated males had lower feed intake than females and these had a lower feed intake than castrated males. To 110 days old, immunocastrated animals showed feed conversion ratio similar to females and better than castrated males. However, after the second dose of the vaccine, feed conversion was similar between groups. Conclusions. The benefits of immunocastration are prominent in animals with low to medium genetic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]