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Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, we demonstrate that the response of consumer prices in oil-producing Canadian provinces to oil market shocks is similar to that of consumer prices in non-oil-producing provinces, though the magnitudes and durations vary. In particular, the effects of oil supply and oil-specific demand shocks lead to significant consumer price increases while unanticipated expansions in global demand only lead to modest increases in consumer prices across both sets of provinces. Our results suggest that oil market shocks are transmitted from consumer prices in oil-producing provinces to non-oil-producing ones largely through changes in the labor market. Further, we find that roughly 41% of the long-run variation in consumer price inflation in oil-producing provinces is attributable to oil market shocks while it is about 46% in non-oil-producing provinces on average. Finally, we show that historically, oil market shocks have contributed to fluctuations in consumer price inflation in each province with different signs at different points in time. Consequently, our results suggest that policymakers should pay close attention to the effects of oil market shocks on subnational consumer prices in order to curb the impacts of adverse supply shocks and to mediate demand-side forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article estimates the pass‐through of different shocks into different U.S. prices that are important for policy makers. The investigation is based on a structural vector autoregression model, where quarterly data are used. The empirical results depict oil price pass‐through, exchange rate pass‐through, import‐price pass‐through, and producer price pass‐through into import prices, producer prices, and consumer prices for the U.S. economy. Policy implications suggest that achieving and sustaining consumer price stability highly depend on monitoring the developments in oil prices, followed by import prices and producer prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post‑pandemic period in the European Union is distinguished by the growth of business economic activity after two years of restrictions, growing debts and money supply, and extremely high inflation. This research analyses the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in the service industries of the EU–27, comparing it to overall inflation and price growth in consumer goods markets. It also highlights the economic factors that contribute to the differences between service price growth in the EU–27. The results make it possible to classify the EU–27 countries according to the differences in service price changes. Consistent patterns of service HICP are highlighted, and the economic factors considering their relative importance to service HICP are ranked. Since 2022, public and governmental discussions concerning the post‑pandemic inflationary shock have become prevalent, so this research allows us to understand the economic factors that caused such huge inflation and substantiates the need for monetary policy measures to slow down inflation.

Africa continues to endure the negative effects of climate change, which have become increasingly visible in the agricultural sector, posing challenges to policies aimed at price stability and economic growth. Thus, this study applies the Structural Auto-regression (SVAR) model to estimate the impact of climate change on output and inflation in Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa using monthly data from 2002M01 to 2020M12. The findings reveal that a rise in climate change reduces the real output from its potential level and causes increases in food as well as general consumer prices across the countries. On the one hand, South Africa and Nigeria are estimated to have the most impact. On the other hand, Egypt's real output, food and consumer price inflation are estimated to have the least. Overall, the estimates show that climate change has the greatest impact on food price inflation, followed by general consumer price inflation, and finally real output. One key policy implication of this study's findings is that effective emission reductions that lowers climate change can boost economic growth while also reining in food and consumer price inflation. Thus, suggesting that bringing down climate change significantly can help central banks achieve price and output stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present representative survey data from 1,542 Swiss citizens. Data were collected across the three largest Swiss language regions (German, French and Italian) in autumn 2022. In the main part of the survey, we collected qualitative and quantitative data on their perception of agricultural policy goals and potential trade-offs. For this, participants were first asked to name the three most important agricultural policy goals. Next, they rated eight pre-defined agricultural policy goals for importance and how much budget they would allocate to the pursuit of each goal if they were to decide about the governmental budget or subsidies. For the goal conflicts, the eight goals were combined into 16 conflicting pairs, where participants were to decide which of the conflicting goals they preferred. Further, we collected information regarding who citizens considered as responsible for achieving agricultural policy goals. The survey was also used to collect personal information about the participating citizens including information such as gender, age, education level, place of residence or whether participant had (previous) work experience in agriculture and how they placed themselves regarding their political orientation on a left-right scale. We further collected behavioural data including diet, that is, meat consumption frequency and shopping behaviour, where we asked participants what attributes were important for them when buying food. At the end of the survey, we used existing and new scales to measure participants’ perception of farmers, meat commitment and their perception regarding animal welfare and environmental protection using the Ecological Welfare Scale. For this study, ethical approval was obtained from ETH Zurich ethical commission (application EK-2022-N-174).

AbstractExternal shocks disrupt the effectiveness of the central bank in stabilising prices. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of exchange rate movement on consumer prices in the SACU region for the period from 1990 to 2021 (31 observations for each nation). To achieve this, panel auto-regression distributed lags (PARDL) and pooled group mean (PGM) estimation techniques were employed in this study. Variables used in this study include consumer price index, exchange rate, import prices, gross domestic product (GDP) and money supply. The results indicate that the exchange rate has significantly influenced consumer prices negatively in the SACU region in the long run. Furthermore, the effects of exchange rate on consumer prices are low and incomplete. This undermines the PPP theory, which asserts that local prices should change in the same direction as the exchange rate. Nonetheless, the long-run findings align with some empirical evidence within the region. The short-run effects of the exchange are mixed and only significant in Botswana. Moreover, consumer prices in the SACU region are influenced by GDP, money supply and exchange rate. Granger causality results indicate that there is a unidirectional relationship between consumer prices and exchange rate. The findings in this study have implications for monetary policy in the SACU region. The exchange rate is anti-inflationary. Inflated consumer prices are likely to have been influenced by internal forces. Therefore, it is imperative to reconsider monetary policy targets and how they may be reorganised to regulate the level of consumer prices in the SACU economies.

Oil prices (OP) may play a significant role in determining inflation in any oil-importing economy and could have an asymmetrical effect as well. Thus, this paper aims to explore the asymmetric influence of OP, broad money supply (BMS), and domestic debt (DD) on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the oil-importing economy of Pakistan using the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) methodology on an annual sample from 1980 to 2021. The long-run results show that increasing OP and BMS have a positive effect on CPI. Similarly, decreasing OP and BMS have a positive effect on CPI. So, increasing OP and BMS is raising price levels, and decreasing OP and BMS is reducing price levels. OP has a positive and symmetrical effect on CPI. However, the BMS has a positive but asymmetrical effect on CPI. Furthermore, the effect of decreasing BMS is found greater than increasing BMS. Moreover, the effect of DD on CPI is also found asymmetrical. The increasing DD has a positive effect, and decreasing DD has a negative effect on CPI. The most of short-run results follow the long-run results. However, energy usage shows a negative effect on CPI in the short run, which is insignificant in the long-run results. This study recommends controlling the money supply and oil prices to reduce consumer prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a linkage between consumer and producer prices within European countries. The research sample in this paper includes 23 European countries and monthly data between February 2000 and March 2023 for the harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP) and producer prices index (PPI). Using a wavelet coherence approach country country-specific linkage was provided for each of the considered countries. Empirical findings suggested diverse relationships. However, the most frequently observed linkage is the one with producer prices as leading and consumer prices as lagging variables and a positive correlation between the two. Furthermore, the relation is more prominent at higher scales or lower frequencies. Conclusively, monetary policy needs to monitor producer prices while targeting inflation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Economics & Finance / Revista Mexicana de Economia y Finanzas is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to test the hypothesis of the law of the single price within one country on the example of the regions of Benin. The checking of the hypothesis was carried out empirically and is based on unit root tests for panel data on consumer prices at the national level of Benin. Special attention is paid to the review of the most relevant unit root tests used for the analysis of the Panel data. The study noted how a shock affecting prices in one region could also affect prices in other regions of the country, due to cross-dependence. The time series of consumer prices by regions of Benin were used. A technique has been proposed that takes into account the possibilities of studying the cross-dependence of the data and defines the conditions for selecting the unit root test to verify the implementation of the law of the single price. As a result of the analysis of the stationarity of panel data, it was found that the law of a single price is not observed for all essential goods in the regions of Benin and an assessment of the differentiation of the country’s regions by the level of consumer prices was obtained.

In this paper, we estimated the impact of daily and weekly exchange rate devaluations on consumer prices in Africa using 20 African nations as case studies which included Angola, Benin Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Chad, Congo Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Senegal, Togo, and Tunisia. This study used a multivariate DCC-GARCH model. Over the long and short terms, it was discovered that devaluation had a detrimental impact on consumer prices. The study obtained a 100% response of consumer price level to exchange rate devaluation. In particular, the dynamic response of consumer price level to devaluation of currencies was complete as 100% variation in consumer prices was totally accounted for by devaluation of currencies. With both daily and weekly data, the study established that devaluation is a direct and significant predictor of the changes in consumer prices in Africa. We observed volatility persistence with shifting conditional correlations for both consumer prices and currency devaluation. Except for Senegal, other countries studied showed that volatility of currency devaluation and consumer prices at one time or the other (short or long run or both) had recognizable patterns of behavior that can be associated with the other whether inversely or directly. All countries examined have movements in exchange rate devaluation and consumer prices timevarying conditional correlation. Additionally, innovations in a currency devaluation and consumer prices significantly increase impulse responses in themselves during future days and weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using quarterly data from Q1 2002 to Q4 2021, a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model is utilised to investigate the potential asymmetry in the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to consumer prices in 11 Eastern European countries. The findings show that both the appreciations and depreciations of the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) have significant long-term effects on consumer prices, with the appreciations being stronger in countries with a fixed exchange rate regime, especially the Baltic States. Incomplete long-term ERPT is observed in the majority of countries, except Estonia. Short-term ERPT is much weaker and often of an opposite direction for appreciations and depreciations. Additionally, a strong uniform long-term effect of both the money supply and crude oil prices was observed, while the short-term effects are mixed. As regards economic liberalisation, both long- and short-term effects are country-specific and of a different direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: One of the key indicators of a country's macroeconomic stability is certainly inflation. During the past year, there has been a general increase in inflation in Europe. The question arises as to how inflation affects other relevant indicators of the stability of a country. One of the most important indicators is gross domestic product. Purpose: This paper analyses the effect of the inflation rate on gross domestic product in the countries of the Western Balkans for the period 2006-2021, which includes the initial period of the emerging health crisis. Study design/methodology/approach: Official data from the World Bank was used to review the analysis of the state of inflation and gross domestic product. The same data was transformed into appropriate logarithms for proper econometric modelling. The methodology used to determine the effect of the inflation rate on the gross domestic product is multiple regression analysis with the ordinary least squares estimation method. Findings/conclusions: The results of the analysis indicate a positive effect of the gross domestic product deflator on economic growth in the sample countries, while the impact of inflation measured according to the consumer price index is not significant. Limitations/future research: Recommendations for decision-makers about inflation targeting, and further methodological approaches are given as part of the research conclusions.

This study aims to investigate the effects on consumer and producers in the advent of the implementation of the law. This study had used the triangulation type of mixed method research design. The quantitative research design was used to analyze the secondary data and survey result with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. Meanwhile, the qualitative research design was used to validate the existing statistical results generated from secondary data survey results by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. This study had evaluated the impact of RTL in macro and micro level both in household and producer sector. The Top-Down Microsimulation had used to assess the impact of the RTL on consumer level in terms of consumption expenditures and poverty and distribution of income. The result of the study revealed that the rice prices for consumers does not automatically lower down with the imposition of Rice Tarrification Law. Moreover, the household is anticipated to experience a conservative decrease in the cost of consumption of rice by 0.45% or a household savings amounting to Php10.30 million. Moreover, the Philippine had experienced a decline in the current prices of well milled rice by 4.59% and real prices of well milled rice by 8.12% amid the implementation of RTL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Journal of Economics / İstanbul Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Journal of Economics / Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines price convergence among 26 regions of Turkey using general and disaggregated monthly consumer prices between 2005 and 2019. In contrast to previous studies, the results provide evidence for convergence clubs (multiple equilibria) and support the heterogeneity of consumer prices across Turkish regions. This finding is particularly valid for the disaggregated prices where there exist two to four clubs. There is also an increase in the number of convergence clubs in recent years. That is, market integration or the law of one price in Turkey does not appear to be achieved not only for the prices of nontradable goods but also for those of tradable goods either, most likely due to a combination of factors including higher exchange rate volatility, rising inflation and unrelenting regional socio-economic disparities. Our results show that the inflation-targeting regime does not help converge the consumer price levels across the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine the pass-through of exchange rate fluctuations on the domestic price level in Turkey. To this effect, the interaction between exchange rate fluctuations, producer price index, and the consumer price index was analyzed using the SVAR model. The degree of exchange rate passthrough was examined with the help of cumulative ERPT elasticities based on impulse response functions. Besides, the monetary policy interest rate variable is also included in the model to make inferences about the CBRT's policy stance against the exchange rate and price fluctuations. Study findings reveal that exchange rate pass-through is incomplete in Turkey, however, there is a high degree of pass-through of exchange rate fluctuations to producer prices than there is to consumer prices. Study results also point that the CBRT's policy interest rate is not an important determinant of the exchange rate and price levels. However, Central bank policies with stable and reliable commitments are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roa Iktissadia Review is the property of Roa Iktissadia Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The detection of seasonal effects is essential in economic forecasting. However, the lack of indicators produced referencing calendars other than the Gregorian system makes it hard to observe the impact of the cultural, national, and religious days that annually shift in the Gregorian calendar, on the economy. Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar-based Hijri calendar, has an impact on many issues, namely the Ramadan effect, due to the changes in the daily practices of the fasting Muslim people. We checked the existence of the Ramadan effect on consumer prices and industrial production in Turkey by reconstructing the monthly indicators in the Hijri calendar and testing the significance of the differences between their increase rates in Ramadan and other months. We observed that the Food Price Index and prices of some goods increase, and production decrease in Ramadan, significantly more than in other months. Considering the Ramadan effect would improve the accuracy of the inflation forecasting and seasonal adjustment models.

District heating has proven to be an efficient way of providing space heating and domestic hot water in populated areas. It has also proven to be an excellent way to integrate various renewable energy sources (RES) into the energy system. In Estonia, biomass covers most of the heat demand, but carbon-intensive fuels are still used to cover peaks and lows. Heat pumps can be a good solution for rural areas, as there is usually plenty of land available for heat pump facilities. In addition, heat pumps require low-grade heat sources such as ambient air, groundwater, lakes, rivers, sea, sewage water, and industrial waste heat. One of the downsides of heat pumps is the need for large investments compared to boilers fired by natural gas and biomass, and electric boilers. This study examines the impact of heat pump use on consumer prices for district heating in rural district heating networks in Estonia.

The article examines the main trends in meat price formation.It is determined that the methodology and tradition of price functioning have evolved historically in terms of understanding the nature and characteristics of the price. The level of product price contains the conflicting interests of different parts (producer and consumer). It is generalized that the formation of livestock products prices is influenced by supply and demand.It is confirmed that price is a factor that creates demand in case of the low consumers’ purchasing power. The process of prices forming on livestock products is based on the general principles of pricing. However, there are certain features of pricing stipulated from the specifics of production and processing of livestock products.Among the main factors influencing the prices formation on livestock products should be noted the following: natural and climatic conditions, price disparity in agriculture, the presence of a large number of households which deal with raising cattle and poultry,high level of production costs, the presence of multiple links in the production chain, a short period of product storage, a large proportion of low-income population.It is proved that the livestock product prices in market conditions must respond quickly to any changes in the production chain. The analysis of the price situation on the meat market was carried out.It was found that in Ukraine during the study period there is a tendency of increasing purchasing, wholesale and consumer prices.In the first half-year of 2020, there were significant changes in the price situation.The results confirm the trends at the world meat market.It is proved that the situation at the domestic meat market depends on the state of the global market. It is noted that in the future the price situation at the meat market will depend on the purchasing power of the population, the proposal of main meat types, the exchange rate of the national currency, production and export volumes.

Gold has a far-reaching history of 'safe haven' or 'anchor of stability'. However, the epitome of precious metals has recently deviated from its historical price trend. Fluctuations and volatility have increased too. We argue that gold is not subject to bubbles (due to its scarcity in nature), although its price is. By means of a logical-analytical macroeconomic approach combined with statistical and empirical evidence, we prove that there is excess liquidity in the world economy as a whole, which has been increasingly invested in this precious metal. The paper also shows why the gold price could further rise and/or suddenly decrease. Both scenarios would be possible as soon as speculation kicks in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain for the global commodity price index and the indices of its main categories (i.e., agricultural raw materials, food and beverages, energy and metals) in the world, advanced and emerging economies. To do so, the study considers country-by-country vector autoregression models and pool the results by taking weighted means for 18 advanced economies and 19 emerging countries, as well as for the world (defined as the sum of advanced and emerging economies). The results show the following: (i) there is evidence in favour of partial pass-through from commodity prices to producer prices, although the evidence for the pass-through to consumer prices is less evident; (ii) the pass-through in the world seems to be led by both advanced and emerging countries for producer prices and only by advanced economies for consumer prices; (iii) higher prices in the four categories (agricultural raw materials only in the short-run) induce significant higher producer prices in almost all cases, with shocks in the prices of energy and metals showing the largest effects; and (iv) energy prices explain the highest variability of producer and consumer prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper sets up a calculation of the effective exchange rate for Slovenia andcompares it to the methodologies used by the IMF, BIS, European Commission and ECB. Additionally,we construct smaller regional effective exchange rates that help to explain the robustness of the Slovene export sector, especially in the cooling-off periodof the global economy in recent years. The results show that some of the calculation methodologies can overshoot less favourable competitiveness dynamics. It is important to consider these results as different methodologies could draw different policy conclusions for the competitiveness stance of the Slovene economy.

The study examines frequent price discounts in retail chains in the Czech Republic for a selected range of products (milk, eggs and poultry). Combined with sub-purchase or sub-cost prices, such frequent promotional activities might lead to a decrease in the tax base for VAT payments to the state budget and to a potential loss of VAT. The study introduces an original methodology for estimation of the potential loss of VAT for the state budget due to the use of sub-purchase and sub-cost prices within frequent price discounts (promotional sales). The proposed methodology is used to estimate the VAT loss for milk, eggs and poultry in the Czech Republic in different ways. Most of the results suggest that the loss of VAT revenue for the budget is dependent on the share of promotional sales in the total production of the goods in question. The presence of frequent price discounts might lead to a loss in VAT revenues of up to EUR 74 million in the case of milk, EUR 9.2 million in the case of eggs and EUR 4.6 million in the case of poultry. In comparison to the Czech Republic state budget surplus in 2018, these losses might have a potential to increase the budget surplus by up to 21.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article was written to contribute to the scientific discussion on the problems of food independence and food security which was opened on the pages of this journal at the invitation of the editorial board. For several decades, increasing self-sufficiency in food has been a goal of the Russian Federation's policy. The article discusses aspects of benefits and costs of attaining this goal from an economic, social and political point of view. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to review the concept of food self-sufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the effect of the Israeli monetary policy on inflation in Palestine. The study shed light on inflation in Israel, money supply in Israel (M1) and shekel exchange rate against the dollar and the euro, to notice the effects on inflation in Palestine. The researcher examined the effects by carrying out important tests on the time series of these variables. The researcher took monthly data during 2007 to 2015 to test its stationary and their degree of integration. In addition to performing co-integration test to determine the number of relations between variables, and finally estimating an ARDL model. One of the most important results of the study is the integrative relationship when conducting ARDL test which showed that there is a positive relationship between consumer prices in Israel and consumer prices in Palestine. In addition, the Israeli money supply (M1) relationship was also positive compared to consumer prices in Palestine. However, the exchange rate of both the US dollar and the euro against the shekel did not have any statistical significance. In other words, it has no impact on consumer prices in Palestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the inflationary effect of the value added tax rate cut and abolishment of the sales tax in Russia in 2004. For this purpose, a panel regression with inflation rates of 39 CPI items is estimated for the period from 2000 to 2007. The results indicate that during the period of the indirect tax reform there was a significant divergence between items which experienced a tax rate change and those which did not. This effect starts before the implementation of tax rate changes, lasting for three months and amounting to −0.3 p.p. each month. The overall impact on inflation is estimated at − 0.6–0.7 p.p. in annual terms. Hence, the indirect tax pass-through was far from being full in 2004. Consequently, producers and retailers were the ones who gained the most from the tax rate cut in 2004. Empirical evidence indicates that a cut in indirect tax rates is rather a way to support producers and retailers than a policy which can stimulate consumption.

The present article was written to contribute to the scientific discussion on food independence and food security problems which was opened on the pages of this journal at the invitation of the editorial board. For the second decade, Russia has been implementing the conceptually contradictory Food Security Doctrine. This article discusses determinants of the increase in food self-sufficiency in Russia over the past decade and its impact on the access to food products for every citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of seasonal effects is essential in economic forecasting. However, the lack of indicators produced referencing calendars other than the Gregorian system makes it hard to observe the impact of the cultural, national, and religious days that annually shift in the Gregorian calendar, on the economy. Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar-based Hijri calendar, has an impact on many issues, namely the Ramadan effect, due to the changes in the daily practices of the fasting Muslim people. We checked the existence of the Ramadan effect on consumer prices and industrial production in Turkey by reconstructing the monthly indicators in the Hijri calendar and testing the significance of the differences between their increase rates in Ramadan and other months. We observed that the Food Price Index and prices of some goods increase, and production decrease in Ramadan, significantly more than in other months. Considering the Ramadan effect would improve the accuracy of the inflation forecasting and seasonal adjustment models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological problems of bank unrecovered loan in Ukraine and India. The purpose of this article is to identify the key sensitive indicators of unrecovered loan in Ukraine and Indian banking system. The article solves the following research tasks: a descriptive statistical analysis of bank unrecovered loan to the total loans, bank cash reserves to the ratio of bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans, GDP; data on bank bad loans to the total amount of total loans, bank cash reserves, the ratio of bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans, GDP are standardized; a regression model of the dependence of non-performing bank loans on the total loan on the factors of the ratio of bank cash reserves to bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans and GDP was built; analysis of the remains of the regression model. According to the results of the study, the main factors that affect bank unrecovered loan for the total amount of loans are: for Ukraine - the ratio of cash reserves to bank assets and GDP; for India - consumer price inflation and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the impact of income, sociodemographic and territorial differences on indicators of the volume and structure of consumption of food and nonfood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the methodology and organization of statistical observation of the level of countries’ economic development. The theoretical basis of international comparisons is singled out and on its basis the comparative evaluation of inconsistency of theoretical positions and the reasons of differences of GDP growth is carried out. Based on the complexity of the formation of homogeneous data sets in order to obtain correct comparison results, a general scheme for the relationship between the theoretical base of international comparisons and PPP constraints is defined. The possibility of obtaining a single measurement of the indicators of national economies based on the existing sampling errors, measurement uncertainties and classification errors is considered. The emphasis is placed on combining the work using the ICP and CPI with the aim of achieving comparability of data in the territorial and temporal cross-section. Using the basic characteristics of sustainable economic growth, long-term prospects for changing the ranking positions of countries with different levels of income are determined. It is shown that the clarity and unambiguity of the theoretical provisions is the defining condition for the further process of data collection and formation of correct analytical conclusions.