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The subject of this research focuses on the effects of Shock Advertising on purchasing behavior. This research work adopted a quantitative research method and data was gotten through the administration of questionnaires administered to users of social media platforms using Google Forms. This paper establishes that Shock Advertising plays a very critical role in consumer buying behavior causing shifts in their product perceptions, brand attitudes and purchase intent. When asked, the nature of social media that impacted consumers the most, participants tagged Instagram and Facebook. The study also reveals the extent to which social media is used by the consumer in the quest for information about products and brands they use and recommended by those in the consumers' social circles. The work suggests that the companies use social media advertising to reach the consumers and persuade them to purchase the products. Thus, this study contributes to the knowledge of how consumers interact with social media and gives useful recommendations to enhance the practice of marketing on social media platforms to marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research’s goal is to identify the variables that influence consumers’ decisions when they buy prescription drugs online. This study investigates the factors influencing consumers’ decisions regarding online pharmacies through a comprehensive investigation of the variables influencing purchasing decisions. The Unified Theory of Adoption and utilize of Technology (UTAUT 2) is extended to include already available two variables; Performance Expectancy and Price Value and extension has been established by including Adoption Intention as a mediator among PE, PV and Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB). Partial least squares (PLS) analysis is used in this study to examine a sample size of 384 users. The results of the study showed that performance expectancy has no direct impact on adoption intentions which is quite opposite to the previous studies’ findings. Also, findings revealed that Price value has strong direct effect on adoption intention. The findings also shed light on the mediating effect of adoption intention influencing consumers’ choices when they buy products from internet pharmacies, providing knowledge to enhance the online pharmacy experience and support industry stakeholders in their strategic decision-making. In light of the findings, this work provides organizations with useful guidance on how to establish online pharmacy platforms and implement recommendations for online purchases.

AbstractThe South African short-term insurance industry is diverse and competitive. Consumers can choose from a wide variety of motor vehicle insurance policies. The aim of this paper was to determine the specific factors that influence individuals’ decision to purchase personal motor vehicle insurance in South Africa. A quantitative research approach was followed, which involved collecting data by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A three-phased analysis strategy, consisting of (1) exploratory factor analysis, (2) confirmatory factor analysis and (3) logistic regression model building, was followed to test and refine a consumer purchase decision model until an acceptable model could be established. The acceptable model identified specific internal and external factors, namely, marketing efforts (people, process and price of a policy); factors related to the sociocultural environment (items such as positive social class and negative reference family member); communication sources (paid-for social media efforts, buzz agents and customized messages); psychological attributes (items such as motivation and personality); and demographic variables (household income, highest level of education and age). It is recommended that insurance companies take note of the identified factors that influence the market since they are the policymakers who offer and market motor vehicle insurance products to consumers and potential consumers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting consumer-buying behavior in online social media marketing.Method: The analysis and validation of indicators were conducted using the mixed method of structural equation modeling and partial least squares. Additionally, the IPMA matrix was utilized to determine the importance and type of performance of each factor. The research data were influenced by consumer information, predominantly consisting of women with a master's degree aged between 36 and 50 years. The study employed a non-probability sampling method common for online surveys, and 466 individuals were examined using Cohen's effect size formula.Findings: The research findings indicated that consumer engagement was the most important factor, and ease of use exhibited the highest level of performance in the overall social media model. Furthermore, consumer engagement was identified as the most important factor, while electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) demonstrated the highest performance level on Instagram. Conversely, EWOM was deemed the most important factor, with consumer engagement displaying the highest performance level on Telegram. These results can be utilized by marketers to influence consumer purchasing behavior and craft online marketing strategies accordingly.Conclusion: Companies utilizing online social media platforms are advised to enhance consumer engagement and performance by implementing short-term techniques and effective strategies, such as incorporating online chat functionalities in the user environment. Instagram, being the most widely used social media platform and an online shopping hub for consumers, showcased acceptable performance in terms of consumer engagement. Hence, companies need to take measures to elevate performance levels to match their importance. In the case of Telegram, EWOM emerged as the most crucial factor among others, with a commendable performance rating. Businesses can bolster their Customer Relationship Management (CRM) units and enhance WOM initiatives to the fullest extent possible.

Environmentally conscious packaging is an important instrument for developing and conveying brand equity, gaining an edge in the marketplace, and shaping consumer buying behavior. It's crucial to keep in mind, though, that contemporary consumers expect environmentally friendly packaging because they are becoming more aware of environmental protection issues. The purpose of the study is to investigate how consumer buying behaviors are impacted by green packaging in relation to environmental consciousness and sustainability. In particular, the study aims to comprehend how customers view and value eco-friendly packaging materials, such as recyclable or biodegradable substitutes, and how these views affect their purchase choices. Consequently, two hundred and seventy nine (279) questionnaires were administered to the respondents, out of which two hundred and seventy (270) were properly filled and retrieved. Data obtained from the study respondents were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The findings of the study unveiled that there is a positive and significant effect of green packaging on consumer buying behavior. Based on the findings, it was recommended that firms should create product packaging that can easily decompose to lessen the environmental harm that packaging does.

Opinion leaders have emerged as individuals with social influence who serve as the core of an interpersonal communication network. The social trends have made opinion leaders significantly influence buying behavior, especially among millennials. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of opinion leadership is still needed and based on the two-step flow theory, we developed a research framework to study opinion leaders’ influence (trust, credibility, and originality) on consumer buying behavior. A simple random sampling method was used, and the sample comprised 398 millennials in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Regarding the relationships involving the opinion leaders’ elements, Pearson correlation analysis found that the trust (r=0.545; p=0.00), credibility (r=0.518; p=0.00), and originality (r=0.398; p=0.00) of opinion leaders are significantly related to consumer buying behavior. Multiple regression analysis was then applied to examine the most influential opinion leader factors on millennials’ buying behavior. The result showed that this model contributed a total of 30.7% and that trust (β = 0.368, p = 0.000) is the most influencing factor on millennials buying behavior. Marketers will have an updated perspective on the influence of opinion leaders on consumer buying behavior knowing the profiles of opinion leaders is extremely beneficial for consumers to make wise purchase decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high demand for food access with applications creates competition between food delivery companies. The purpose of this research is to identify and to analyze promotion differences, price value, social influence, perceived usefulness, ease of use, customer experience, restaurant search, choice of food variants, consumer buying behavior, and continuous purchase intention. The research was conducted on consumers who used Gofood, Grabfood, and Shopeefood applications at least once in the last three months, with 400 respondents aged over 15 years. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire. Analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis, ANOVA and SWOT tests. The results showed that there were differences in the variables of social influence, perceived usefulness, ease of use, restaurant search, food choice variants, consumer buying behavior, and intention to continue with Gofood, Grabfood, and Shopeefood applications. Shopeefood earns a lower average than Grabfood and Gofood. Strategies can be carried out by taking advantage of busy consumers to create dependence on OFD applications by meeting consumer expectations by providing promos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of innovation on consumer buying behavior dimensions, particularly consumer knowledge and decision-making, within the context of Happy Meal McDonald's in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research aims to elucidate how these elements influence consumer motivation and perceptions towards packaged food products. Utilizing a questionnaire-based approach, data was collected from 100 respondents at McDonald's retail stores in Jakarta, employing purposive sampling. The study employed PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling) to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between independent variables and dependent variables. Results revealed that innovation significantly contributes to both motivation and perception, indicating its crucial role in influencing consumer behavior. Furthermore, the findings suggest avenues for future research, such as exploring collaborative strategies to enhance the appeal of packaged food products and understanding the broader implications of innovation in consumer purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromarketing, a rapidly expanding field, utilizes brain-based techniques to understand and shape consumer behavior. Recently, there has been a surge in the popularity of neuromarketing techniques, supported by research indicating their substantial impact on consumer behavior. Notably, color psychology has emerged as a prominent area within neuromarketing. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between color psychology and its impact on consumer behavior among business students of a university in Cebu City. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, and data were collected from business students responding to Likert survey questionnaires distributed electronically. To achieve the study objectives, descriptive analysis and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the data. The findings revealed a high level of awareness among the respondents, with "Pink" and "White" colors demonstrating strong associations. In contrast, "Purple" and "Brown" colors exhibited lower influence. Further analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the perceived level of color psychology in advertising, awareness level, and consumer buying behavior. The study established a strong positive correlation between color preferences, awareness levels, brand recall, and consumer behavior among business students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer behavior is crucial for understanding and managing the financial aspects of a company. It involves how consumers make decisions and use products and services. Understanding consumer behavior helps companies understand customer reactions to product features, prices, and marketing strategies. This study assessed consumer buying behavior and its relationship to financial management, revealing that online shopping has a positive effect on a company's financial management. However, consumers still prefer in-store purchases due to a lack of assurance and resources. Therefore, understanding consumer behavior is essential for effective financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer buying behavior can be defined as all the different steps that consumers follow before purchasing a good or service. Web browser research, involvement in online networking discussions, and a range of other activities might be a part of this process. Despite the negative effects of its production chain on the environment, and on the socio-economical condition of local farmers, chocolate products are among the most distributed food and beverage items in the world. In this review, the consumer responsibility for sustainable cocoa production is described. This study determines the consumer opinions and attitudes on the different operations pursued in the production chain of chocolate, from the collection of cocoa beans to their processing into different final products. For this, data on life cycle assessment from some studies was gathered to identify and investigate links between the production chain of different types of chocolate (dark, white, milk) and its impact on natural resources so that the sensitivity of consumers to purchase more sustainable products can be evaluated. This approach revealed that consumers will not only purchase chocolate because of its good quality or health benefits, but they also consider it the most sustainable product.

This study aims to analyze the effect of product pricing and product packaging on consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. This research was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google Form to 125 respondents who are Mixue consumers in the Jakarta metropolitan area, at least 17 years old, have made at least 2 product purchases in the last six months, and know Mixue products and prices. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data through surveys and purposive sampling. The data obtained was processed via SEM with SmartPls software. This research finds that product pricing significantly affects consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product packaging also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). The place also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.033). Customer satisfaction also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product pricing positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. Product packaging positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.030). The place also positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.040). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Especially the effect of the pandemic has forced many people to switch from traditional shopping methods to online shopping. This transition has brought many risks, according to some consumers. This research was conducted to examine the effects of and risk perception on consumers' purchasing behavior in online shopping. These risk factors can be listed as "financial risk", "product risk", "time risk", "delivery risk", "social risk", and "information security risk". In accordance with this purpose, data were collected (n=393) and analyzed through a questionnaire approved by the ethics committee. The SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentage analyzes were used to report the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to test the differences, and correlation and regression analyzes were used to measure the relationship and effects between the variables. As a result of the research, significant differences were found between the ages and payment methods of consumers and the perceived risk factors. At the same time, a negative significant relationship was found between the amount of spending and shopping frequency of consumers and the perceived risk. The negative effects of risk factors on purchasing are also one of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In less than 10 years, the mobile phone has become an essential part of our daily lives. It is no longer a luxury item and has become one of the most commonly used daily consumer goods throughout the world. For the growing significance, there is enormous research work in many countries in this field but as compare to India, Specifically Kolkata there is still some lacuna of this emerging field of research work. This study aims to make an approximation of the consumer buying decision and identify how the proposed research attributes influenced consumer buying behavior. The methodology used to achieve these objectives is based on primary data collection and the analytical part of this study is based on Statistical analysis whose platform is SPSS. Analysis of the results obtained from a representative sample of 157 mobile phone users shows that the consumer buying decision can be predicted according to proposed research attributes where consumer buying of either store shopping or internet shopping channels.

Misinformation or fake news has had multifaceted ramifications with the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, creating widespread panic amongst people. This study investigates the impact of misinformation/ fake news (on internet platforms) on consumer buying behavior, impact of fear (created by fake news) on hoarding of essential products and consumer spending and finally impact of misinformation-induced panic buying on supply chain disruptions. It draws upon the consumer decision theory and the cognitive load theory for explaining the psychological and behavioral responses of consumers. The study follows an inductive approach towards theory building using a multi-method approach. Initially, a qualitative research method based on interviews followed by text-mining has been used followed by analysis using python for topic modelling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The findings revealed several prominent themes like consumer shift to online buying, two contrasting spending intentions namely financial security and compensatory consumptions, irrational panic buying, uncertainty/ambiguity of government protocol and norms, social media fraudulent practices and misinformation dissemination, personalized buying experience, reduced trust on news and marketers, logistics and transportation bottlenecks, labor shortage due to migration and plant closures, and bullwhip effect in supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The rationale of this research study is to explore the change in consumer buying behavior (CBB), their reaction, which is measured by consumer hoarding behavior (CHB), rejection of behavioral directives (RBD), survival, which is measured by social connectedness (SC), do-it-yourself behavior (DIY), and adjustment, which is measured by lifestyle changes (LSC), due to the outbreak of the novel pandemic of COVID-19. The spread of COVID-19 has affected the well-being of consumers, and the lockdown initiatives across countries have created widespread panic and anxiety. The pandemic has affected the rich, the poor, and the lower class of society, where putting food on the table has become imperative. Research Design: Research was conducted through an adopted questionnaire, and the sample size for the study was 384. Data analysis was done through SPSS, where the hypotheses were empirically tested to reach the novel findings. Findings: Results indicated that CHB was the significant determinant of CBB, whereas RBD, SC, DIY, and LSC were found to be insignificant, causing no impact on CBB. This paper emphasizes analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on CBB, their reaction, survival, and adjustment due to the novel pandemic. Practical Implication: The implications of this research paper are to propose and create awareness for marketers regarding the permanent shifts in consumer buying behavior in response to COVID-19 and the way forward into the future lives of consumers post-COVID-19.

The developed countries are majorly focused on covering organic foods, whereas India is yet to concentrate on organic food products. On a whole many factors are influencing consumer buying behavior of organic food products. The main objective is to understand the influence of various factors on the consumer purchase behaviours of organic food products. The survey is conducted through a structured questionnaire collected from the consumers of organic food products in Chennai region. The sample size of the study is 385. Data collected is analyzed using SPSS. It was found that consumer perception greatly influence the consumer purchase decision. Also perception of these of millennial/other generation parents do not vary with respect to price, consumer loyalty and offers/discount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of various consumer attributes on the fast fashion consumption pattern. The effect of consumer age, family income and family size on the percentage of monthly income spent on clothing and percentage of monthly clothing consumption spent on fast fashion by consumers in NCR (National Capital Region) of India was studied in this research. Causal research was employed in this study. Correlations among the variables were established using the response surface methodology (Box-Behnken experimental design) to understand whether the impact is significant or not. Control factors, studied at 3 levels of variation, were age, monthly family income and family size. The responses for the experiment were the percentage of monthly income (per person) spent on clothing and the percentage of monthly clothing consumption spent on fast fashion. The study revealed that age and monthly family income have a strong influence on the percentage of monthly income spent on clothing, while family size has a negligible or no effect on the percentage of monthly income spent on clothing. It was also found that age, monthly family income and family size have a strong influence on the percentage of monthly clothing consumption spent on fast fashion. The demand for fast fashion and clothing is rising at a very high rate, which has made it hard for retail brands and apparel manufacturers to meet the consumer expectations. The analysis of consumer behaviour provides the advantage to fashion brands in anticipating and meeting consumer demands in a more efficient manner to create brand loyalty.

Purpose – During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, owing to several reasons, consumers behaved impulsively while shopping. Impulse buying has led to a distortion in the availability of various items in the stores. This study aims to explore the factors affecting the impulse buying behavior of consumers during a pandemic like COVID-19 in India. Design/methodology/approach – Using an online questionnaire, 304 Indian consumers were surveyed using a convenience sampling technique. Proposed hypotheses and model were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings – The study confirmed that fear and resource availability are the most significant factors affecting consumer’s impulse buying behavior during a pandemic. The findings suggest that retailers can minimize the consumer’s fear and manage impulse buying to their advantage by providing better resources to their patrons while they shop. Originality/value – During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of businesses, it is being observed that the purchase preferences of consumers have become chaotic and significant swings are visible in their shopping behavior. Thus, the study is an attempt to shed light on the factors that affect consumer impulse buying behavior in such disruptive settings.

Introduction: Globalization have allowed many Companies to increase their growth rapidly they have targeted every person from every unique demographics, this has caused an increase in sales but it also has its downside because in order to fulfill each customer's requirement and in order to give them a solution that can work instantly they might have gone over the line by using dangerous amount of chemicals. This is mainly the reason why most of the consumers are switching toward the use of organic products. Purpose: This research tends to investigate the underlying factors which could enhance the Purchase Intention towards organic products. How factors like attitude, price, product availability and social norm along with awareness influences the purchase intention of consumer. Method: Initial data for this investigation were obtained from the target groups. Questionnaires are used as primary data, while secondary data is used as literature, articles, books, websites and case studies to help complete the theoretical framework and study. Five hypotheses have been created and will be validated based on an approved questionnaire. In this study, quantitative secondary data is collected based on a questionnaire distributed to selected respondents. Analysis: For analysis purpose SPSS 20 is used and mediation analysis is being conducted to check hypotheses'. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between attitude, price sensitivity, social norms with purchase intention of customers. Whereas the attitude would also impact on purchase intention when customer's awareness mediate the relationship. There is insignificant impact of product availability on developing purchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of publicity on consumer behavior of Durable Consumer Goods in Nagpur City (N = 800). This paper aims to explore the role of publicity on attitudes towards buying behavior. A questionnaire has been prepared to evaluate the impact of advertisement. The sample was chosen from Consumers of Durable goods, belonging to different age and income groups. In all 3 important brands have been taken into consideration. Interviews were conducted in respect of their co-relations with publicity. These results obtained from data analysis has shown the preference and choices to influence the consumer buying behavior. Publicity plays very important role to affect any high or low income group, but expensive products and the repetition of advertisement did not affect the consumer buying behavior. The most preferred brand is Whirlpool followed by Godrej. Consumers were attracted and influenced by publicity in different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business organizations are continually searching for new ways to reach out to their consumers. Before, television, radio, and print are usually used by businesses to advertise their products. The coming of social media has shifted the way organizations interacting with their targeted audience. It has made social media an important tool for maintaining and creating a competitive advantage. Businesses today embrace the use of social media without paying adequate attention to silent issues concerning the usage of sites that can influence consumer buying behavior. The research aimed to examine the influence of social media sites on consumer buying behavior in Shoprite Nigeria Limited. The examined social media sites included Twitter, Facebook, Google+, blogs, and YouTube. The research was a descriptive design. The population was made up of consumers of Shoprite Nigeria Limited in Ibadan and Lagos. The sample size was 384 using Cochran's 1977 sample size formula for the infinite population. However, only 321 respondents filled and returned the questionnaires. A structured questionnaire was designed using a five-point Likert scale of agreement. Then, a hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. The result shows that the null hypothesis is rejected. It implies that social media sites influence consumer buying behavior in Shoprite Nigeria Limited. It concludes that social media sites are important tools that can influence consumer buying behavior. It is recommended that the organization should invest more in social media sites to get in touch with their targeted audience.

The widespread use of the Internet has changed consumer buying behavior, especially among tourists, considering the intangibility of the tourist product. Although globally the modern tourist is a consumer of the new online market, there is a lack of studies addressing the level of development of the hotel business in relation to online bookings by residents of tourist destinations. Furthermore, this article analyzes the factors that impact the use of e-commerce by these residents in the acquisition of tourist accommodation services. A conceptual model was adopted, using the constructs "social influence" and "price" of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2), also including "trust" and "perceived risk". An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 195 residents of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Fisher's exact test, and multiple linear regression. The results show that price and social influence are the most significant constructs associated with booking a hotel online, while trust does not influence the use of the Internet. As practical implications, the findings of this study provide important information for hotel managers, as they allow a better understanding of the profile of respondents who book online, as well as which factors influence online behaviors, contributing to increasing the knowledge of digital platforms in the consumer market and, consequently, the development of the hospitality sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ) is the property of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this study is to show the Impact of E-Marketing Channels on Online Consumer Buying Behavior of food item companies that are brand branches or official agencies in Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Sulaimani city. The study's sample consists of (82) of employees that are the managers and head of departments from those companies in the city. The most important conclusion of the research is that predicted independent variables of (Social Media, Website and E-mail) are significant and toward positive effect on the response variable (dependent variable) which is Online Consumer Buying Behavior. Furthermore, the results show that (Social Media) and (Website) has the most effects on Online Consumer Buying Behavior. Likewise, the correlation coefficient between Consumer Buying Behavior and Electronic Marketing is positive while the sub-variables of (Social Media and Website) have a stronger relationship with the dependent variable unlike the sub-variable (E-mail) that has a weak relation with the dependent variable. To improve the use of electronic channels for marketing and communication with customers, it is suggested that the management of the companies give more training to the administrative, marketing, sales, customer service, and social media employees, and work more efficiently with these electronic tools.

Online Shopping platforms have prompted vital changes in several aspects of the digital market, yet the reasons why consumers buy online are still not clear. Driven by technological advancements and evolving consumer demand, online shopping has been remodeled through various e-commerce platforms that were progressing even before the coronavirus pandemic began. The study examined the consumers’ behavior whether there were significant changes in the Metropolitan Cebu residents’ online shopping behavior within the context of the community quarantine period. Descriptive method and convenience sampling technique were used to determine the determinants of the 543 randomly selected participants’ consumer behavior, online shopping perception, and online purchasing challenges experienced during the quarantine. The selected factors to be explored are personal, social, psychological, cultural, and how they affect consumer behavior towards online shopping. Based on the aforementioned examines, it has been found out that almost 20.1 percent of the respondents had not changed their online shopping habits since the quarantine began. Around 59.5 percent increased their spending online, and 20.4 percent of the respondents have decreased their online spending during the quarantine. As Metropolitan Cebu has already transitioned to the MGCQ phase, 71.3% of the respondents were expected to continue their online shopping activity to a more sustainable and conscious online product spending after the coronavirus pandemic.

The study was focused on assessing the consumers' impulse buying behaviors as to the relationship to visual merchandising. According to Foroughi et al. (2013), one of the many tactics that companies do practice includes encouraging customers to buy impulsively. Because of this theory and visual merchandising, the researcher was able to determine consumers' impulsive buying behavior concerning visual merchandising. In this study, 384 mall shoppers were selected as the population sample from the three selected Malls in Pampanga. The collected data were analyzed through frequency, mean, Likert scale, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square to test respondents' profile with their impulse buying behavior, respondents' profile and their assessment of visual merchandising, and respondents' impulse buying behavior and their assessment of visual merchandising. Consumer impulse buying behavior has a significant relationship with the window display. According to Bhatti and Latif (2013), said that when the consumers visualize the products which were displayed attracts the customers and arouses their urge to do impulse buying. Visual merchandising including window display, in-store display, floor merchandising, and promotional signage make a significant effect on stimulating the consumers' impulse buying behavior. For future researchers, further studies may be used, like for instance introducing other variable/s in assessing consumers' buying impulsiveness not only limited to visual merchandising per se but also identifying a specific product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]