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In an age of increasing human population and dwindling resources, coupled with the need to curb expenditure in various sectors of the government budget, attention has been brought to the re-use of resources wherever possible. Perhaps, one of the most valuable resources in India is water. Therefore, effort towards waste water re-use has lately gained worldwide consideration and attention.This paper presents the mechanical properties of concrete mixed using industrial waste waterand also explains how treated waste water can be used in construction industry and reduces the load on nature. The impurities present in water can affect the properties of concrete and steel when used for mixing in concrete. Also the impurities may not affect all properties of concrete and steel but some.

Tekniken utvecklas ständigt inom alla delar av samhället. Inom byggbranschen så ställsdet allt högre och högre krav på byggnadstekniken. Man bygger höga men smalabyggnader men även långa och komplexa byggnader för att besvara kraven som ställsutifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv (Linneuniversitetet, u.å). Inför detta arbete så fanns detett intresse för att ta reda på vad som kommer att bli nästa “stora” teknologiskahjälpmedel.Vi tror att VR har stor potential inom byggbranschen och därav frågeställningen “Ärbyggbranschen redo för VR-Teknik?”. Efter ett handledarmöte så var vi eniga om att detfinns en hel mängd fördelar med tekniken. Metoder som har använts i detta arbete är detbåde kvalitativa och kvantitativ datainsamling. För att besvara frågeställningen såkontaktades byggbolag över hela Sverige för att sedan kunna skicka enkäter till dem.Intervjuer genomfördes med två personer på Högskolan i Gävle som hade relevantkunskap inom området VR, under intervjun med Torsten Jonsson och Stefan Seipel såvar dialogen kring ämnet öppen för att få en bättre bild av hur det ser ut i dagsläget.Resultatet visade att byggbranschen i dagsläget var redo att använda sig utav teknikenmen tekniken måste fortfarande utvecklas. I dagsläget så finns det stora kostnader medatt skapa en simulering vilket kan vara kostnadseffektivt i stora projekt men i mindreprojekt så kan det vara svårt att motivera ekonomiskt.Slutsatsen är att byggbranschen är redo för VR., Technology is constantly evolving in every aspect of society. The requirements forbuilding are constantly growing. Buildings have been built thinner and higher but wehave also seen advances in width and complexity to fulfill the need for buildingsustainable buildings. With this study there has been an interest in finding what the next“ big” technology will be within the construction industry.We think VR has great potential in the construction industry which led to the question “Is the construction industry ready for VR-technology?”. After an interesting discussionwith our supervisor we agreed that this subject had lots of interesting benefits for theindustry. Within this study we have used both qualitative and quantitative research. Toanswer the issue we contacted construction companies all over Sweden in order to sendsurveys. The interviews were conducted with two persons from University of Gävle, thepeople contacted for the interview were chosen because they had relevant knowledgewithin the issue. The interviews were formed as diskussion to get a clear understandingof the subject.The results of the studies showed that the industry was ready to use the technology butit still must develop for the smaller projects. With VR today there is a massive cost ofusing it which can be beneficial in bigger projects but for smaller projects the cost is too big.The conclusion that can be drawn is that the industry is ready for VR

The article presents a set of non-destructive testing devices for the construction industry., В статье приведен комплекс приборов неразрушающего контроля для строительной индустрии., У статті наведено комплекс приладів неруйнівного контролю для будівельної індустрії.

When investigating the construction industry's lack of digitization, it is often explained that it is because of a conservative culture. The purpose of this study has been to problematize the labelling as conservative and to study a company in the industry to gain a deeper understanding of what other problems that may exist. Based on this, three research questions were identified which the study had as a goal to answer. These are: how the construction industry can be said to be conservative, how the conservatism is expressed, and what other barriers that exists that cannot be said to be derived from conservatism. The study has been conducted through a case study at Skanska Sverige AB with Region Hus Norr as a delimitation. Furthermore, it has been divided into two phases where semi-structural interviews and a document review have been used as the basis for a description of the current situation. The result shows that it is not a representative state of the construction industry to say that it is conservative, and during the case study no underlying expressions of conservatism was observed. On the other hand, there are several other areas that are considered as the reason for a slow development. The conclusions drawn is that the way the Swedish Public Procurement Act is conducted today is one of the reasons for this. An accelerated change process where some steps in the change management models are skipped is also seen as a reason. Furthermore, there are signs of that the current processes not always support efficient digitization, which indicates that the work in some cases only move from an analog to a digital state. Lastly, an indication of a stove pipe structure in the development area has been observed during the study, which can affect the efficiency and target improvement in a negative way., När byggbranschens uteblivna digitalisering undersöks förklaras det ofta med att det är på grund av en konservativ kultur. Syftet med denna studie har varit att problematisera stämplingen som konservativ och genom att studera ett företag verksamt inom branschen få en djupare förståelse för vilka andra problem som kan finnas. Utifrån detta fastställdes tre frågeställningar vilka studien haft som mål att besvara. Dessa behandlar på vilket sätt byggbranschen kan sägas vara konservativ, hur konservatismen tar sig uttryck samt vilka andra hinder som finns som inte kan sägas härstamma från konservatism. Studien har genomförts via en fallstudie på Skanska Sverige AB med Region Hus Norr som avgränsat område. Vidare har den varit uppdelad i två olika faser där semi-strukturella intervjuer och en dokumentgranskning använts som grund för en nulägesbeskrivning. Resultatet visar att det inte är en representativ bild av byggbranschen att den idag kallas för konservativ och under fallstudien iakttogs inga uttryck för konservatism. Däremot framkommer det flera andra områden som anses ligga till grund för en långsam utveckling. Slutsatsen som dras är att lagen om offentlig upphandling är en av anledningarna till att viss utveckling inom branschen förhindrats. Även en påskyndad förändringsprocess, där vissa steg i för- och avslutningsfasen inom förändringsledning hoppas över, ses som en anledning till detta. Det påvisas även att de processer som finns inte alltid stödjer en effektiv digitalisering, vilket tyder på att det i vissa fall enbart sker en förflyttning av arbetet från analogt till digitalt. Avslutningsvis har en antydan till en stuprörsstruktur observerats under studien vad gäller utvecklingsfrågor, vilket i stor uträckning kan påverka effektiviteten och den eftersträvade förbättringen negativt.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This paper assesses how nature of the public client and user participation can influence cost and success of Total Quality Management (TQM) practice for a construction project.The study has limited itself to a single public client in a construction project focussing on influential power of users as end customers. The empirical case study has illustrated the significance of understanding the complex nature inherent in public clients when drawing project objectives. The study has established decisions to influence use of resources are not necessarily dictated by ownership of resources.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This bachelor thesis is about chemical products from the construction industry which are being used by the company Bostads AB Mimer (Mimer), owned by the municipality Västerås in Sweden. The company owns apartments and houses around the city. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to do a simplified risk assessment of the chemical products from a health and environmental point. The report also gives suggestions of substitutional products. The thesis work consists of a literature study, an analysis of how other companies within the housing sector are working with chemical products and a case study, in addition to the simplified risk assessment. The case study contains a selection of Mimer's chemical products. In order to succeed with the simplified risk assessment, the chemical product’s risks and hazards has been identified through safety data sheets (SDS). Different aspects have been taken into account in the simplified risk assessment. The selection of the chemical products were made after existence frequency and legislative product labeling. The report's results gave 16 selected chemical products, that are risk assessed. Of the 16 chemical products, eight products have a high risk score from a heath point. Suggestions of less hazardous chemical products are given to nine chemical products. The essay's conclusions are that some of the selected chemical products are hazardous to the health and the environment, due to their chemical substances. The staff at Mimer's has a high frequency of use of the chemical products in general. Most of the other companies in the housing sector that were investigated in the analysis, had a systematic work on chemicals.

In this study the possibilities of a modal shift from road to intermodal transportation for a Swedish company producing concrete units is investigated, for the purpose of determining the economic and environmental (limited to CO2-emissions) effects such a shift would bring. The study is relevant since the case company is interested in moving their transports from the roads, and the European Union has promoted a modal shift away from road transportation to more sustainable modes. The present day transportation, along with three plausible different intermodal transportation scenarios are analysed. The first scenario incorporates a crane-equipped truck that loads the train near the production facility, and then travels with the last load carrier to the destination, concurrently with the train, to repeat the operations in reverse order at the receiving end. The second scenario employs rail cars that can load entire trucks, including their cargo. In the third scenario, the cargo is transhipped from road to rail at terminals operated by a logistics provider. All three intermodal scenarios reports higher costs than for road transportation, not only because of what is believed to be a too short door-to-door distance, but also due to high drayage costs. However, the environmental impact is heavily reduced for all three scenarios, in one by as much as 42%. These results contribute to the academic knowledge base of factors influencing the break even distance for intermodal transportation, and also to policy makers and practitioners in the way that the immense difference in environmental impact might be something worth to invest both time and funds in.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

The construction industry is a driving force for Maryland’s economy, benefi ting from Maryland’s position as a major metropolitan region with proximity to the federal government, as well as technology, health care and education centers. Maryland’s construction industry is well-positioned for robust growth as the economy emerges from recession. Expansion of military installations as a result of the Base Realignment and Closure Act (BRAC), including Ft. Meade in Anne Arundel County and Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Harford County, will result in unprecedented growth opportunities for the construction industry.

Over the past fifty to sixty years there have been numerous attempts to compare the performance of the construction industries of different countries. In almost all cases the cost of construction has been an important, sometimes the single parameter Cost performance has sometimes been equated to productivity, and productivity measurement and comparison is attempted by governments and their agencies on a regular basis. Fundamental to these exercises has been the necessity to bring construction costs in different national currencies to a common base. This is imperative as amounts in different currencies cannot be directly compared. Money market exchange rates do not provide suitable comparisons as they are too volatile and do not represent true comparisons of the volume or value of construction. Additionally there are real differences in price levels between economies that hamper valid comparisons. Purchasing power parity, however, provides a theoretical basis for cost comparisons without the distortions caused by moving exchange rates and differences in price levels between countries. Using the option of purchasing power parity and its supporting theory, the Law of One Price, a mechanism for bringing construction costs to a common base currency has been devised. It is based on a basket of construction materials and labour referred to as a BLOC (i.e. Basket of Locally Obtained Commodities) and is applied to a hotel project.. The materials and their respective quantities were derived by the analysis of a completed hotel. Labour hours associated with those materials and quantities were derived using published materials/labour ratios for the various items. In this way the basket or BLOC represented a mix of the most cost significant materials in a typical hotel project. Input costs for the BLOC were obtained from six cities, three in Australia plus Auckland, Singapore and Phoenix. BLOC costs were then used to derive a set of purchasing power parity factors specific to th

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

It has long been recognised that environmental matters are important to the survival of the construction industry. Yet, in general, the construction industry continues to degrade the environment, exploiting resources and generating waste, and is reluctant to change its conventional practices to incorporate environmental matters as part of the decisionmaking process. Building development involves complex decisions and the increased significance of external effects has further complicated the situation. Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the conventional tools used widely by public and private sectors when appraising projects. It sets out to measure and compare the total costs and benefits of different projects that are competing for scarce resources in monetary terms. However, there are growing concerns that the values of environmental goods and services are often ignored or underestimated in the CBA approach which has led to the overuse and depletion of environmental assets. Consequently, CBA's usefulness and relevance in this respect is increasingly controversial. Project development is not just concerned with financial return, but is also conscious of the long-term impacts on living standards for both present and future generations. Sustainable development is an important issue in project decision-making and environmental effects need to be incorporated into the evaluation process. A multi- dimensional evaluation approach attracts increasing attention around the world as the way to incorporate environmental issues in the decision-making process. This approach uses the conventional market approach to monetarise economic aspects of a development, whilst using a non-monetary approach to evaluate the environmental matters. The purpose of this thesis is to critically examine the impact of construction activities on the environment and methods of quantifying environmental matters. This thesis also evaluates the principal sustainable development determinants for model

It has long been recognised that environmental matters are important to the survival of the construction industry. Yet, in general, the construction industry continues to degrade the environment, exploiting resources and generating waste, and is reluctant to change its conventional practices to incorporate environmental matters as part of the decisionmaking process. Building development involves complex decisions and the increased significance of external effects has further complicated the situation. Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the conventional tools used widely by public and private sectors when appraising projects. It sets out to measure and compare the total costs and benefits of different projects that are competing for scarce resources in monetary terms. However, there are growing concerns that the values of environmental goods and services are often ignored or underestimated in the CBA approach which has led to the overuse and depletion of environmental assets. Consequently, CBA's usefulness and relevance in this respect is increasingly controversial. Project development is not just concerned with financial return, but is also conscious of the long-term impacts on living standards for both present and future generations. Sustainable development is an important issue in project decision-making and environmental effects need to be incorporated into the evaluation process. A multi- dimensional evaluation approach attracts increasing attention around the world as the way to incorporate environmental issues in the decision-making process. This approach uses the conventional market approach to monetarise economic aspects of a development, whilst using a non-monetary approach to evaluate the environmental matters. The purpose of this thesis is to critically examine the impact of construction activities on the environment and methods of quantifying environmental matters. This thesis also evaluates the principal sustainable development determinants for model

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

This report provides information on the number, location, structure type, and size of new commercial development projects in metropolitan Washington.

The purpose of this report is to explore the unique opportunities available to the small construction business owner, or prospective owner, for gaining a competitive edge over his big business rivals, and how the Small Business Administrations policies have affected the industry by promoting new construction businesses, making capital available for the expansion of existing businesses, and providing management assistance and training. (sdw)

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na konstrukci nového bankrotního modelu určeného pro malé a střední podniky v odvětví stavebního průmyslu v prostředí států Visegrádké čtyřky. První část práce je zaměřena na vymezení pojmů bankrot, bankrotní model a jejich zasazení do historického kontextu, následuje popis vybraných bankrotních modelů, stručná charakteristika stavebního průmyslu a analýza tohoto odvětví. V praktické části je testována spolehlivost vybraných bankrotních modelů a následně je zkonstruován nový bankrotní model., This diploma thesis is focused on the construction of a new bankruptcy model designed for small and medium-sized enterprises in the construction industry in the environment of the Visegrad Four countries. The first part of the thesis is focused on defining the concepts of bankruptcy, bankruptcy model and their placement in the historical context, followed by a description of selected bankruptcy models, a brief description of the construction industry and an analysis of constuction sector. In the practical part, the reliability of selected bankruptcy models is tested and then a new bankruptcy model is constructed.