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1. Superfici funzionali con morfologia controllata sulla scala nanometrica atte a modulare l’adesione, vitalità e proliferazione di cellule

Author: TONAZZINI, ILARIA, BYSTRENOVA E, LAZAR A, STOLIAR P, BISCARINI F, E. CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE CNR, Tonazzini, Ilaria, Bystrenova, E, Lazar, A, Stoliar, P, Biscarini, F, and E., CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE CNR
Published: 2009

2. Priorità e obiettivi per la valutazione e gestione del rischio per la salute umana e la qualità ambientale da esposizione a Interferenti Endocrini

Author: Prof. Luciano CAGLIOTI, Professore Ordinario di Chimica Organica, Università di Roma \\'La Sapienza\\' - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), con l'incarico di coordinatore, Dott. Gianvincenzo BARBA, Ricercatore di III livello II^ fascia presso l'Istituto di Scienza dell'Alimentazione del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Prof. Francesco Maria CANCELLOTTI, Direttore Scientifico Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana, Dott.ssa Anna Maria COLACCI, Responsabile Cancerogenesi ambientale ARPA Emilia Romagna, Dott. Ivano GIACOMELLI, Segretario Nazionale Associazione Codici, Prof. Giuseppe LATINI, Direttore Unità Operativa di Neonatologia dell'Ospedale Perrino di Brindisi, Dott.ssa Catherine LECLERCQ, Ricercatore di ruolo presso l'Unità di Nutrizione Umana dell'Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Responsabile del \\'Gruppo di ricerca sull'esposizione al rischio alimentare\\', Prof.ssa Alberta MANDICH, Ricercatore confermato presso il Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Genova, Prof. Alberto MANTOVANI, Dirigente di ricerca del Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare e Salute Pubblica Veterinaria dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Prof. Luigi MANZO, Professore Ordinario di Tossicologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, IRCCS, Fondazione Maugeri, Dott. Fabrizio OLEARI, Direttore Generale Ministero della Salute, Segretariato Nazionale della Valutazione del Rischio della Catena Alimentare, Prof.ssa Antonella OLIVIERI, Primo Ricercatore presso il Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma Dott. Elena ORBAN, Direttore dell'Unità di Tecnologie Alimentari e dell'Area di Studio Prodotti Ittici, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), Dott. Stefano PAOLUCCI, Direttore Unità Operativa \\'F\\' Fondazione S. Lucia, IRCCS, and Dott. Carlo ZAGHI, Dirigente Divisione VII, Valutazione del Rischio Ambientale di Prodotti Chimici, Direzione Generale per la Salvaguardia Ambientale, Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare.
Published: 2009

3. Service Research Challenges and Solutions for the Future Internet

Author: MYRIADS (INRIA - IRISA) ; Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - INRIA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - CNRS, European Research Institute in Service Science (ERISS) ; Tilburg University, TRISKELL (INRIA - IRISA) ; CNRS - INRIA - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione (DEI) ; Politecnico di Milano, Computer Science Department [Heraklion] (CSD-UOC) ; Institute of Computer Science - University of Crete, Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2) - École Centrale de Lyon (ECL) - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) - CNRS, Distributed Systems Group [Vienne] ; Vienna University of Technology, Service Oriented Applications Research Unit [Trento] (SOA) ; Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Istituto di Cibernetica "Eduardo Caianiello" ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione ; Politecnico di Milano, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación [Madrid] (ETSI) ; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Facultad de Informatica ; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, The Irish Software Engineering Research Centre ; LERO, School of industrial Engineering [Eindhoven] ; Eindhoven University of Technology, Institut für Architektur von Anwendungssystemen (IAAS) ; Universität Stuttgart, Department of Computer Science [Amsterdam] ; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI) ; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-ICS) ; University of Crete, Transformation Services Lab ; University of Crete, Arbeitsbereich Verteilte Systeme und Informationssysteme (VSIS) ; Universität Hamburg, PALUNO - The Ruhr Institute for Software Technology (PALUNO) ; Universität Duisburg-Essen, Institut für Informationssysteme [Wien] ; Technische Universität Wien, Labor für multimediale Systeme (LMS) ; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, CSIRO Information and Commuciation Technologies (CSIRO ICT Centre) ; CSIRO, Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione “A. Faedo" (ISTI) ; CNR, Mike Papazoglou and Klaus Pohl and Michael Parkin and Andreas Metzger, European Project : 215483, ICT, FP7-ICT-2007-1, S-CUBE(2008), André, Françoise, Andrikopoulos, Vasilios, Barais, Olivier, Baresi, Luciano, Baryannis, George, Benbernou, Salima, Brandic, Ivona, Bucchiarone, Antonio, Cappiello, Cinzia, Di Napoli, Claudia, Di Nitto, Elisabetta, Driss, Maha, Carlos Dueñas, Juan, Dustdar, Schahram, Gauvrit, Guillaume, Carro, Manuel, Carroll, Noel, Comuzzi, Marco, Cuadrado, Félix, Danylevych, Olha, Daubert, Erwan, Giordano, Maurizio, Gu, Qing, Hacid, Mohand-Said, Hantry, François, Haque, Rafiq, Van Den Heuvel, Willem-Jan, Karastoyanova, Dimka, Kazhamiakin, Raman, Kertész, Attila, Kritikos, Kyriakos, Mocci, Andrea, Németh, Zsolt, Nikolau, Christos, Papazoglou, Mike, Parkin, Michael, Pazat, Jean-Louis, Lane, Stephen, Lamersdorf, Winfried, Leymann, Frank, Leitner, Philipp, Mazza, Valentina, Metzger, Andreas, Pernici, Barbara, Plebani, Pierluigi, Pohl, Klaus, Psaier, Harald, Renz, Wolfgang, Richardson, Ita, Rosenberg, Florian, Silvestri, Fabrizio, Sudeikat, Jan, Uhlig, Maike, Wetzstein, Branimir, Whelan, Eoin, MYRIADS (INRIA - IRISA) ; Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - INRIA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - CNRS, European Research Institute in Service Science (ERISS) ; Tilburg University, TRISKELL (INRIA - IRISA) ; CNRS - INRIA - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione (DEI) ; Politecnico di Milano, Computer Science Department [Heraklion] (CSD-UOC) ; Institute of Computer Science - University of Crete, Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2) - École Centrale de Lyon (ECL) - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) - CNRS, Distributed Systems Group [Vienne] ; Vienna University of Technology, Service Oriented Applications Research Unit [Trento] (SOA) ; Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Istituto di Cibernetica "Eduardo Caianiello" ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione ; Politecnico di Milano, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación [Madrid] (ETSI) ; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Facultad de Informatica ; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, The Irish Software Engineering Research Centre ; LERO, School of industrial Engineering [Eindhoven] ; Eindhoven University of Technology, Institut für Architektur von Anwendungssystemen (IAAS) ; Universität Stuttgart, Department of Computer Science [Amsterdam] ; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI) ; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-ICS) ; University of Crete, Transformation Services Lab ; University of Crete, Arbeitsbereich Verteilte Systeme und Informationssysteme (VSIS) ; Universität Hamburg, PALUNO - The Ruhr Institute for Software Technology (PALUNO) ; Universität Duisburg-Essen, Institut für Informationssysteme [Wien] ; Technische Universität Wien, Labor für multimediale Systeme (LMS) ; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, CSIRO Information and Commuciation Technologies (CSIRO ICT Centre) ; CSIRO, Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione “A. Faedo" (ISTI) ; CNR, Mike Papazoglou and Klaus Pohl and Michael Parkin and Andreas Metzger, European Project : 215483, ICT, FP7-ICT-2007-1, S-CUBE(2008), André, Françoise, Andrikopoulos, Vasilios, Barais, Olivier, Baresi, Luciano, Baryannis, George, Benbernou, Salima, Brandic, Ivona, Bucchiarone, Antonio, Cappiello, Cinzia, Di Napoli, Claudia, Di Nitto, Elisabetta, Driss, Maha, Carlos Dueñas, Juan, Dustdar, Schahram, Gauvrit, Guillaume, Carro, Manuel, Carroll, Noel, Comuzzi, Marco, Cuadrado, Félix, Danylevych, Olha, Daubert, Erwan, Giordano, Maurizio, Gu, Qing, Hacid, Mohand-Said, Hantry, François, Haque, Rafiq, Van Den Heuvel, Willem-Jan, Karastoyanova, Dimka, Kazhamiakin, Raman, Kertész, Attila, Kritikos, Kyriakos, Mocci, Andrea, Németh, Zsolt, Nikolau, Christos, Papazoglou, Mike, Parkin, Michael, Pazat, Jean-Louis, Lane, Stephen, Lamersdorf, Winfried, Leymann, Frank, Leitner, Philipp, Mazza, Valentina, Metzger, Andreas, Pernici, Barbara, Plebani, Pierluigi, Pohl, Klaus, Psaier, Harald, Renz, Wolfgang, Richardson, Ita, Rosenberg, Florian, Silvestri, Fabrizio, Sudeikat, Jan, Uhlig, Maike, Wetzstein, Branimir, and Whelan, Eoin
Abstract: International audience

4. Sea2Cloud: from biogenic emission fluxes to cloud properties in the South West Pacific

Author: Sellegri, Karine, Harvey, Mike, Peltola, Maija, Saint-Macary, Alexia, Barthelmeß, Theresa, Rocco, Manon, Moore, Kathryn, Cristi, Antonia, Peyrin, Frederic, Barr, Neill, Labonnote, Laurent, Marriner, Andrew, Mcgregor, John, Safi, Karl, Deppeler, Stacy, Archer, Stephen, Dunne, Erin, Harnwell, James, Delanoë, Julien, Freney, Evelyn, Rose, Clémence, Bazantay, Clément, Planche, Céline, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Quintanilla-López, Jesús, Lebrón-Aguilar, Rosa, Rinaldi, Matteo, Banson, Sandra, Joseph, Romain, Lupascu, Aurelia, Jourdan, Olivier, Mioche, Guillaume, Colomb, Aurélie, Olivares, Gus, Querel, Richard, Mcdonald, Adrian, Plank, Graeme, Bukosa, Beata, Dillon, Wayne, Pelon, Jacques, Picard, David, Baray, Jean-Luc, Tridon, Frederic, Donnadieu, Franck, Szczap, Frédéric, Engel, Anja, Demott, Paul, Law, Cliff, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Department of Marine Sciences [Dunedin], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), University of Auckland [Auckland], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research [Aspendale], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Department of Chemistry [Dunedin], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract: The goal of the Sea2Cloud project is to study the interplay between surface ocean biogeochemical and physical properties, fluxes to the atmosphere, and ultimately their impact on cloud formation under minimal direct anthropogenic influence. Here we present an interdisciplinary approach, combining atmospheric physics and chemistry with marine biogeochemistry, during a voyage between 41° and 47°S in March 2020. In parallel to ambient measurements of atmospheric composition and seawater biogeochemical properties, we describe semicontrolled experiments to characterize nascent sea spray properties and nucleation from gas-phase biogenic emissions. The experimental framework for studying the impact of the predicted evolution of ozone concentration in the Southern Hemisphere is also detailed. After describing the experimental strategy, we present the oceanic and meteorological context including provisional results on atmospheric thermodynamics, composition, and flux measurements. In situ measurements and flux studies were carried out on different biological communities by sampling surface seawater from subantarctic, subtropical, and frontal water masses. Air–Sea-Interface Tanks (ASIT) were used to quantify biogenic emissions of trace gases under realistic environmental conditions, with nucleation observed in association with biogenic seawater emissions. Sea spray continuously generated produced sea spray fluxes of 34% of organic matter by mass, of which 4% particles had fluorescent properties, and which size distribution resembled the one found in clean sectors of the Southern Ocean. The goal of Sea2Cloud is to generate realistic parameterizations of emission flux dependences of trace gases and nucleation precursors, sea spray, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei using seawater biogeochemistry, for implementation in regional atmospheric models.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: C. Rose, M. Collaud Coen, E. Andrews, Y. Lin, I. Bossert, C. Lund Myhre, T. Tuch, A. Wiedensohler, M. Fiebig, P. Aalto, A. Alastuey, E. Alonso-Blanco, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, T. Arsov, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, J. A. Casquero-Vera, S. Conil, K. Eleftheriadis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, F. J. Gómez-Moreno, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, M. Keywood, J. E. Kim, S.-W. Kim, A. Kristensson, M. Kulmala, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, H. Lyamani, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, J. Ondracek, M. Pandolfi, N. Pérez, T. Petäjä, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, J.-P. Putaud, F. Reisen, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, J. Sun, P. Tulet, V. Vakkari, P. G. van Zyl, F. Velarde, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, Z. Wagner, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, V. Zdimal, P. Laj, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Environmental Radioactivity Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR 'Demokritos' (NCSR 'Demokritos'), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), University of Utah, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University [Lund], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras Campus (UPR-RP), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, Czech Republic, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina System (UNC), Atmospheric Sounding Station 'El Arenosillo', Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, 4S Company, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, University of Granada [Granada], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, QC1-999, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, medicine, Cloud condensation nuclei, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, QD1-999, Diel vertical migration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Aerosol, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, Trollobservatoriet
Abstract: This research was supported by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2 (grant agreement no. 654109)), the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence programme (project no. 272041), the Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic (project no. 269095), the Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA, project no. 296302), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" (grant no. KMA2018-00522), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2017R1D1A1B06032548), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (grant no. KMI2018-01111), the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, the China Meteorological Administration, the National Scientific Foundation of China (41675129, 41875147), the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grant no. 2016YFC0203305 and 2018YFC0213204), the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sci-ences (2020KJ001), the Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecasts of MOST and CMA, CNRS-INSU, the French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, the French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I, grant no. LO1415), ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" (grant no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315), CRISOL (CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government Y2018/EMT-5177), AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government P2018/EMT4329), REDMAAS2020 (RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA), Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA (CGL2017-90884-REDT), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds (project HOUSE, grant no. CGL2016-78594-R), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2017 SGR41 and the DGQA), the National Institute for Aerospace Technology, the Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects no. CGL2016-81092-R, CGL2017-90884-REDT, RTI2018-097864-BI00 and PGC2018-098770-B-I00), the Andalusia Regional Government (project no. P18-RT-3820), the PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change (MIS 5021516), Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (grant no. NSRF 20142020), the Italian Ministry of Research and Education, the Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Magnus Bergvall foundation, the Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, and the Swedish EPA., Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system which influence climate directly by interacting with solar radiation, and indirectly by contributing to cloud formation. The variety of their sources, as well as the multiple transformations they may undergo during their transport (including wet and dry deposition), result in significant spatial and temporal variability of their properties. Documenting this variability is essential to provide a proper representation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in climate models. Using measurements conducted in 2016 or 2017 at 62 ground-based stations around the world, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration (N-tot) and number size distribution (PNSD, from 39 sites). A sensitivity study was first performed to assess the impact of data availability on N-tot's annual and seasonal statistics, as well as on the analysis of its diel cycle. Thresholds of 50% and 60% were set at the seasonal and annual scale, respectively, for the study of the corresponding statistics, and a slightly higher coverage (75 %) was required to document the diel cycle. Although some observations are common to a majority of sites, the variety of environments characterizing these stations made it possible to highlight contrasting findings, which, among other factors, seem to be significantly related to the level of anthropogenic influence. The concentrations measured at polar sites are the lowest (similar to 10(2) cm(-3)) and show a clear seasonality, which is also visible in the shape of the PNSD, while diel cycles are in general less evident, due notably to the absence of a regular day-night cycle in some seasons. In contrast, the concentrations characteristic of urban environments are the highest (similar to 10(3)-10(4) cm(-3)) and do not show pronounced seasonal variations, whereas diel cycles tend to be very regular over the year at these stations. The remaining sites, including mountain and non-urban continental and coastal stations, do not exhibit as obvious common behaviour as polar and urban sites and display, on average, intermediate N-tot (similar to 10(2)-10(3) cm(-3)). Particle concentrations measured at mountain sites, however, are generally lower compared to nearby lowland sites, and tend to exhibit somewhat more pronounced seasonal variations as a likely result of the strong impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) influence in connection with the topography of the sites. ABL dynamics also likely contribute to the diel cycle of N-tot observed at these stations. Based on available PNSD measurements, CCN-sized particles (considered here as either >50 nm or >100 nm) can represent from a few percent to almost all of N-tot, corresponding to seasonal medians on the order of similar to 10 to 1000 cm(-3), with seasonal patterns and a hierarchy of the site types broadly similar to those observed for N-tot. Overall, this work illustrates the importance of in situ measurements, in particular for the study of aerosol physical properties, and thus strongly supports the development of a broad global network of near surface observatories to increase and homogenize the spatial coverage of the measurements, and guarantee as well data availability and quality. The results of this study also provide a valuable, freely available and easy to use support for model comparison and validation, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improvement of the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions in models, and, therefore, of the evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on climate., European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2) 654109, University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic 269095, Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA) 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, China Meteorological Administration, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41675129 41875147, National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2016YFC0203305 2018YFC0213204, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2020KJ001, Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of MOST Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CMA Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CNRS-INSU, French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315, CRISOL CGL2017-85344, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329, REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T, Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA CGL2017-90884-REDT, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya, General Electric AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) Spanish Government CGL2017-90884-REDT CGL2016-81092-R RTI2018-097864-BI00 PGC2018-098770-B-I00, Andalusia Regional Government P18-RT-3820, PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change MIS 5021516, Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation NSRF 20142020, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, Swedish Research Council, Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2021
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6. Graph structure-based Heuristics for Optimal Targeting in Social Networks

Author: Massimo Bini, Paolo Frasca, Chiara Ravazzi, Fabrizio Dabbene, University of Tübingen, Dynamics and Control of Networks (DANCE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GIPSA Pôle Automatique et Diagnostic (GIPSA-PAD), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and ANR-18-CE40-0010,HANDY,Systèmes Dynamiques Hybrides et en Réseau(2018)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control and Optimization, Computer Networks and Communications, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing
Abstract: International audience; We consider a dynamic model for competition in a social network, where two strategic agents have fixed beliefs and the non-strategic/regular agents adjust their states according to a distributed consensus protocol. We suppose that one strategic agent must identify k+ target agents in the network in order to maximally spread her own opinion and alter the average opinion that eventually emerges. In the literature, this problem is cast as the maximization of a set function and, leveraging on the submodular property, is solved in a greedy manner by solving k+ separate single targeting problems. Our main contribution is to exploit the underlying graph structure to build more refined heuristics. As a first instance, we provide the analytical solution for the optimal targeting problem over Complete Graphs. This result provides a rule to understand whether it is convenient or not to block the opponent's influence by targeting the same nodes. The argument is then extended to generic graphs leading to more accurate solutions compared to a simple greedy approach. As a second instance, by electrical analogy we provide the analytical solution of the single targeting problem for the Line Graph and derive some useful properties of the objective function for trees. Inspired by these findings, we define a new algorithm which selects the optimal solution on trees in a much faster way with respect to a brute-force approach and works well also over treelike/sparse graphs. The proposed heuristics are then compared to zero-cost heuristics on different random generated graphs and real social networks. Summarizing, our results suggest a scheme that tells which algorithm is more suitable in terms of accuracy and computational complexity, based on the density of the graphs and its degree distribution.
Published: 2022
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7. Mediterranean nascent sea spray organic aerosol and relationships with seawater biogeochemistry

Author: E. Freney, K. Sellegri, A. Nicosia, L. R. Williams, M. Rinaldi, J. T. Trueblood, A. S. H. Prévôt, M. Thyssen, G. Grégori, N. Haëntjens, J. Dinasquet, I. Obernosterer, F. Van Wambeke, A. Engel, B. Zäncker, K. Desboeufs, E. Asmi, H. Timonen, C. Guieu, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PEACETIME, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, QC1-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Sea spray, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Chemistry, Mediterranean sea, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Nanophytoplankton, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Seawater, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The organic mass fraction from sea spray aerosol (SSA) is currently a subject of intense research. The majority of this research is dedicated to measurements in ambient air. However a number of studies have recently started to focus on nascent sea spray aerosol. This work presents measurements collected during a 5-week cruise in May and June 2017 in the central and western Mediterranean Sea, an oligotrophic marine region with low phytoplankton biomass. Surface seawater was continuously pumped into a bubble-bursting apparatus to generate nascent sea spray aerosol. Size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS). Chemical characterization of the submicron aerosol was performed with a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) operating with 10 min time resolution and with filter-based chemical analysis on a daily basis. Using positive matrix factorization analysis, the ToF-ACSM non-refractory organic matter (OMNR) was separated into four different organic aerosol types, identified as primary OA (POANR), oxidized OA (OOANR), methanesulfonic acid type OA (MSA-OANR), and mixed OA (MOANR). In parallel, surface seawater biogeochemical properties were monitored providing information on phytoplankton cell abundance and seawater particulate organic carbon (1 h time resolution) and seawater surface microlayer (SML) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (on a daily basis). Statistically robust correlations (for n>500) were found between MOANR and nanophytoplankton cell abundance, as well as between POANR, OOANR, and particulate organic carbon (POC). Parameterizations of the contributions of different types of organics to the submicron nascent sea spray aerosol are proposed as a function of the seawater biogeochemical properties for use in models.
Published: 2021
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8. Vineyard Management and Its Impacts on Soil Biodiversity, Functions, and Ecosystem Services

Author: Brice Giffard, Silvia Winter, Silvia Guidoni, Annegret Nicolai, Maurizio Castaldini, Daniel Cluzeau, Patrice Coll, Jérôme Cortet, Edith Le Cadre, Giada d’Errico, Astrid Forneck, Elena Gagnarli, Michaela Griesser, Muriel Guernion, Alessandra Lagomarsino, Silvia Landi, Yves Le Bissonnais, Elena Mania, Stefano Mocali, Cristina Preda, Simone Priori, Annette Reineke, Adrien Rusch, Hans-Josef Schroers, Sauro Simoni, Magdalena Steiner, Elena Temneanu, Sven Bacher, Edoardo A. C. Costantini, Johann Zaller, Ilona Leyer, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente [CREA] (CREA-AA), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Ovidius University of Constanta, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, University of Fribourg, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, The review formed part of the PromESSinG and VineDivers projects, funded by the 2013–2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE JPI joint call for research proposals with the national funders Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France), Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI, Romania), Ministerio des economía y competitividad (MINECO, Spain), FWF-Der Wissenschaftsfonds (Austria) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Switzerland Grant No: 40FA40_158390). The contract of BG was supported in 2017 by the European Union Seventh Framework Program via a grant from the PromESSinG project. Contributions to this review were also supported by the research project ReSolVe funded by transnational funding bodies, being partners of the FP7 ERA-net project, CORE Organic Plus, and the cofound from the European Commission, and by the research project SECBIVIT which was funded through the 2017–2018 Belmont Forum and BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivScen ERA-Net COFUND program, and with the funding organizations: AEI/Spain, BMBF/Germany, ANR/France, NWO/Netherlands, UEFISCDI/Romania, FWF/Austria (Grant No: I 4025-B32) and the NSF/United States (Grant No: 1850943). Researches on soil biodiversity conducted in the SAVE unit (BG and ARu) were supported by the Conseil Interprofessionel des Vins de Bordeaux CIVB during the Phytae project (2018–2020) and the Endless project (2021–2024)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), CNR Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Fribourg = University of Fribourg (UNIFR), and University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca
Subjects: microarthropods, Ecology, microarthropods, earthworms, gastropods, nematodes, plants, predatory arthropods, microflora, pest control, plants, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], gastropods, nematodes, earthworms, microflora, predatory arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pest control
Abstract: International audience; Healthy soils form the basis of sustainable viticulture, where soil characteristics have a direct impact on wine quantity and quality. Soil not only provides water and nutrients to vines, but is also a living medium containing micro- and macroorganisms that perform many ecological functions and provide ecosystem services. These organisms are involved in many processes, from decomposing organic matter to providing minerals to vine roots. They also control diseases, pests, and weeds, in addition to improving the soil structure in terms of its capacity to retain water and nutrients. Related to decomposition processes, the carbon content of vineyard soils influences fertility, erosion and biogeochemical cycles, with significant implications for the global climate. However, common agricultural practices represent strong threats to biodiversity and associated ecosystem services provided by vineyard soils. As consumers increasingly consider environmental aspects in their purchase decisions, winegrowers have to adapt their vineyard management strategies, raising the demand for sustainable pest- and weed-control methods. This article presents a comprehensive review of the impacts of vineyard practices on the soil ecosystem, biodiversity, and biodiversity-based ecosystem services, and provides future prospects for sustainable viticulture.
Published: 2022
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9. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author: Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David S. Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubović, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory P. Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller, Northeastern Illinois University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Iowa State University (ISU), W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas A&M University [College Station], Earlham College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Department of Biological Sciences [Lubbock], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), School of Biological Sciences [Wellington, New Zealand], Victoria University of Wellington, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Auteur indépendant, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Le Grand Momesson, Bouvron, France, Denison University, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Montana, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), Info Fauna Karch 2000, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Macedonian Ecological Society, University of Kent [Canterbury], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation [Rome, Italy], Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Université de Lomé [Togo], Museo Civico di Zoologia, U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Macquarie University, Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO, EcoSciences Precinct, StatiPOP, scientific consulting, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Northern Illinois University, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biology [Mato Grosso], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Palmerston North Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, ONG Ranita de Darwin, U.S Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Wollongong], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia]-University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Georgia [USA], Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (2C2A-CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, University College of Kristianstad, Watershed Protection Department, Cornell Lab of Ornithology [New York], Cornell University [New York], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, University of Virginia, Auburn University (AU), University of Richmond, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), Pamukkale University, Stellenbosch University, Millsaps College, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049416 (to A.M.B., F.J.J., and D.A.W.M.). H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182265)., Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
Subjects: life history, demography, Aging, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, tetrapod, ectothermy, phylogeny, Amphibia, Amphibians, VERTEBRADOS, evolution, Animals, animal, Multidisciplinary, nonhuman, article, Reptiles, mortality, Biological Evolution, phylogenetics, reptile, GN, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental temperature, body size
Abstract: Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
Published: 2022
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10. The GenTree Leaf Collection: Inter‐ and intraspecific leaf variation in seven forest tree species in Europe

Author: Jérémy Marchon, Alan Gray, Sebastian Richter, Christophe Plomion, René Graf, Francesca Bagnoli, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Volker Schneck, Frédéric Bernier, Vladimir L. Semerikov, Henry Bignalet, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Ioannis Ganopoulos, Felix Gugerli, Agathe Hurel, Geir Ostreng, Sandro Morganti, Santiago C. González-Martínez, David López-Quiroga, Luc Puzos, William Brunetto, Raquel Benavides, Damien Bouic, Olivier Ambrosio, Filippos A. Aravanopoulos, Mirko Liesebach, Cristina C. Bastias, Veronique Jorge, Outi Savolainen, Stephen Cavers, Célia Michotey, Bernard Dokhelar, Mehdi Pringarbe, Enja Hollenbach, Camilla Avanzi, Silvio Schueler, José M. García del Barrio, Annie Raffin, Bruno Fady, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Milesi, Sonja T. Kujala, Nicolas Mariotte, Florian Knutzen, Nicolas Cheval, F. J. Auñón, Céline Lalanne, Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Katri Kärkkäinen, Nicolas Poinot, Fernando Del Caño, Jan-Philipp Kappner, Florence Jean, Birte Pakull, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Jørn Henrik Sønstebø, Rémi Dourthe, Ermioni Malliarou, Ivan Scotti, Timo Kumpula, Mariaceleste Labriola, Silvia Matesanz, Bernard Issehuth, Martin Lascoux, Jean Thevenet, Christian Rellstab, Marianne Correard, Ricardo Alía, Johannes Lambertz, Anne Eskild Nilsen, Eva Cremer, Christoph Hartleitner, Darius Danusevičius, Lars Opgenoorth, Fernando Valladares, Arnaud Jouineau, Ana M. Cabanillas‐Saldaña, José Climent, Audrey Albet, Jurata Buchovska, Benjamin Dauphin, Sergio San Segundo, Ilaria Spanu, Antonio Mas, Johan Westin, Eduardo Notivol, Juan J. Robledo-Arnuncio, Andrea Piotti, Evangelos Barbas, Robert Kesälahti, Andreas Fera, Mari Mette Tollefsrud, Helge Meischner, Grégoire Le Provost, Eduardo Ballesteros, Tor Myking, Bárbara Carvalho, Jean-Luc Denou, Katrin Heer, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Norbert Turion, Patrick Fonti, Delphine Grivet, Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Unité expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), Gobierno de Aragon, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Bavarian Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Partenaires INRAE, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIECO GmbH & Co KG, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Thunen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Thünen Institute, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Skogforsk - Swedish Forestry Research Institute, Horizon 2020. Grant Numbers: 676876, 4540-143AP, 6, 0032 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil), European Project: 676876,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GenTree(2016), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comunidad de Madrid, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon, Philipps Universität Marburg, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), and Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Population, Phenotypic variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Leaf functional traits, tree species, Fagus sylvatica, leaf functional traits, Leaf economics spectrum, Leaf size, education, intraspecific variability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, leaf economics spectrum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Intraspecific variability, Botany, phenotypic variation, Botanik, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Forest genetic resources, Quercus petraea, Sample collection, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, European forests, Tree species
Abstract: [Motivation] Trait variation within species can reveal plastic and/or genetic responses to environmental gradients, and may indicate where local adaptation has occurred. Here, we present a dataset of rangewide variation in leaf traits from seven of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Sample collection and trait assessment are embedded in the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims at characterizing the genetic and phenotypic variability of forest tree species to optimize the management and sustainable use of forest genetic resources. Our dataset captures substantial intra- and interspecific leaf phenotypic variability, and provides valuable information for studying the relationship between ecosystem functioning and trait variability of individuals, and the response and resilience of species to environmental changes., [Main types of variable contained] We chose morphological and chemical characters linked to trade-offs between acquisition and conservation of resources and water use, namely specific leaf area, leaf size, carbon and nitrogen content and their ratio, and the isotopic signature of stable isotope 13C and 15N in leaves., [Spatial location and grain] We surveyed between 18 and 22 populations per species, 141 in total, across Europe., [Time period] Leaf sampling took place between 2016 and 2017., [Major taxa and level of measurement] We sampled at least 25 individuals in each population, 3,569 trees in total, and measured traits in 35,755 leaves from seven European tree species, i.e. the conifers Picea abies, Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, and the broadleaves Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra and Quercus petraea., [Software format] The data files are in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed., All authors acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 676876 (Project GenTree). Laboratory work was also supported by other projects: COMEDIAS (CGL2017- 83170-R, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), REMEDINAL IV (TE-CM S2018/EMT-4338, Project of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain), SPONFOREST (BIODIVERSA-3, PCIN-2016-055), and International Laboratory of Global Change (LINCGlobal 4540-143AP). The Swiss contribution was supported by the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 6.0032. BC was funded by a Scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Brazil).
Published: 2021
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11. Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes

Author: Boris Novakovic, Andreas Schlitzer, Giuseppe Matarese, Zahi A. Fayad, Willem J. M. Mulder, Henk Stunnenberg, Andrew R. DiNardo, Niels P. Riksen, Joachim L. Schultze, Christine Stabell Benn, Joseph C. Sun, Eva Kaufmann, Shabaana A. Khader, Michael H. Sieweke, Siroon Bekkering, Stephanie Fanucchi, Luis B. Barreiro, Maziar Divangahi, Mihai G. Netea, Reinout van Crevel, Jordi Ochando, Peter Aaby, Shruti Naik, Leo A. B. Joosten, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Musa M. Mhlanga, Eicke Latz, David L. Williams, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Luke A. J. O'Neill, Ramnik J. Xavier, Nigel Curtis, Robert W. Sauerwein, Kate L. Jeffrey, Edward R. Sherwood, Elaine Fuchs, Sebastian Weis, Nargis Khan, Melanie Hamon, Raphael Duivenwoorden, Keiko Ozato, Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag, Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Precision Medicine, ICMS Core, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Bandim Health Project, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH Network), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), The University of Chicago Medicine [Chicago], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), University of Melbourne, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), University of Cape Town, Rockefeller University [New York], Chromatine et Infection - Chromatin and Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [Bethesda], National Institutes of Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnology Center, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Max Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Jena University Hospital [Jena], East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Divangahi, M., Aaby, P., Khader, S. A., Barreiro, L. B., Bekkering, S., Chavakis, T., van Crevel, R., Curtis, N., Dinardo, A. R., Dominguez-Andres, J., Duivenwoorden, R., Fanucchi, S., Fayad, Z., Fuchs, E., Hamon, M., Jeffrey, K. L., Khan, N., Joosten, L. A. B., Kaufmann, E., Latz, E., Matarese, G., van der Meer, J. W. M., Mhlanga, M., Moorlag, S. J. C. F. M., Mulder, W. J. M., Naik, S., Novakovic, B., O'Neill, L., Ochando, J., Ozato, K., Riksen, N. P., Sauerwein, R., Sherwood, E. R., Schlitzer, A., Schultze, J. L., Sieweke, M. H., Benn, C. S., Stunnenberg, H., Sun, J., van de Veerdonk, F. L., Weis, S., Williams, D. L., Xavier, R., Netea, M. G., Institut Pasteur [Paris], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Bonn, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Hamon, Melanie, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Priming (immunology), Adaptive Immunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, immunology [BCG Vaccine], Vaccination, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Cell Differentiation, Common framework, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: BCG Vaccine, BCG Vaccine, MESH: Immunologic Memory, MESH: Immunity, Innate, MESH: Cell Differentiation, MESH: Immune Tolerance, Immunology, education, immunology [Adaptive Immunity], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Immunity, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Humans, ddc:610, Molecular Biology, MESH: Humans, immunology [Immune Tolerance], Cell Biology, MESH: Vaccination, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Immunity, Innate, immunology [Immunologic Memory], immunology [Immunity, Innate], Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], 030104 developmental biology, bacteria, Nanomedicine Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 19], Neuroscience, Immunologic Memory, MESH: Adaptive Immunity, 030215 immunology
Abstract: The similarities and differences between trained immunity and other immune processes are the subject of intense interrogation. Therefore, a consensus on the definition of trained immunity in both in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as in experimental models and human subjects, is necessary for advancing this field of research. Here we aim to establish a common framework that describes the experimental standards for defining trained immunity.
Published: 2021
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12. Noninvasive Inline Food Inspection via Microwave Imaging Technology: An Application Example in the Food Industry

Author: Lorenzo Crocco, Marco Ricci, Jorge A. Tobon Vasquez, Francesca Vipiana, Laura Farina, Rosa Scapaticci, Mario R. Casu, Amelie Litman, Giovanna Turvani, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Galway, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (IREA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), HIPE (HIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Production line, Monitoring, Food industry, Industrial production, 02 engineering and technology, Antenna measurements, Imaging, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Food inspection, Frequency measurement, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Process engineering, Pollution measurement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Contamination, Condensed Matter Physics, Food safety, Food products, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Microwave imaging, Environmental science, Antennas, Food products, Pollution measurement, Antenna measurements, Imaging, Antennas, Monitoring, Frequency measurement, business, Contaminated food
Abstract: Contamination with foreign objects is one of the main causes of customers? complaints against food manufacturers. Although different technologies are used for food and beverage inline monitoring, cases of contaminated food products still reach the market, many of which involve plastic and glass fragments. In this article, we propose the use of a microwave imaging (MWI) technology to monitor packaged foods along production lines. In this framework, MWI exploits the differences in dielectric properties between the food and the contaminant as well as the differences between faulty and unaltered items. A dedicated MWI system is designed and validated through numerical simulations. Then the prototype device is assessed experimentally, both in controlled laboratory conditions and on an industrial production line. The results of this study show the capabilities of this technology for food safety and security.
Published: 2020
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13. Presentation and Evaluation of the IPSL-CM6A-LR Climate Model

Author: Boucher, Olivier, Servonnat, Jérôme, Albright, Anna Lea, Aumont, Olivier, Balkanski, Yves, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Bekki, Slimane, Bonnet, Rémy, Bony, Sandrine, Bopp, Laurent, Braconnot, Pascale, Brockmann, Patrick, Cadule, Patricia, Caubel, Arnaud, Cheruy, Frédérique, Codron, Francis, Cozic, Anne, Cugnet, David, d'Andrea, Fabio, Davini, Paolo, de Lavergne, Casimir, Denvil, Sébastien, Deshayes, Julie, Devilliers, Marion, Ducharne, Agnès, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Dupont, Eliott, Éthé, Christian, Fairhead, Laurent, Falletti, Lola, Flavoni, Simona, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Gardoll, Sébastien, Gastineau, Guillaume, Ghattas, Josefine, Grandpeix, Jean-Yves, Guenet, Bertrand, Guez, Lionel, Guilyardi, Éric, Guimberteau, Matthieu, Hauglustaine, Didier, Hourdin, Frédéric, Idelkadi, Abderrahmane, Joussaume, Sylvie, Kageyama, Masa, Khodri, Myriam, Krinner, Gerhard, Lebas, Nicolas, Levavasseur, Guillaume, Lévy, Claire, Li, Laurent, Lott, François, Lurton, Thibaut, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Madec, Gurvan, Madeleine, Jean-Baptiste, Maignan, Fabienne, Marchand, Marion, Marti, Olivier, Mellul, Lidia, Meurdesoif, Yann, Mignot, Juliette, Musat, Ionela, Ottle, Catherine, Peylin, Philippe, Planton, Yann, Polcher, Jan, Rio, Catherine, Rochetin, Nicolas, rousset, clement, Rousset, Clément, Sepulchre, Pierre, Sima, Adriana, Swingedouw, Didier, Thiéblemont, Rémi, Traore, Abdoul Khadre, Vancoppenolle, Martin, Vial, Jessica, Vialard, Jérôme, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e Del Clima [Torino] (isac), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-17-EURE-0006,IPSL-CGS,IPSL Climate graduate school(2017), ANR-15-JCLI-0004,GOTHAM,Globally Observed Teleconnections and their role and representation in Hierarchies of Atmospheric Models(2015), ANR-18-CE01-0012,ARiSE,Rôle de la non-linéarité de la réponse atmosphérique à la température de l'océan dans la physique d'ENSO (El Niño Oscillation Australe)(2018), ANR-13-MONU-0008,CONVERGENCE,Convergence en Science du Climat à l'ère du Big Data et des challenges de l'Exascale.(2013), ANR-18-MPGA-0001,ARCHANGE,Changement climatique et Arctique et circulation océanique globale(2018), European Project: 641816,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,CRESCENDO(2015), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, climate model, IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, lcsh:Oceanography, climate metrics, Range (statistics), SDG 13 - Climate Action, Environmental Chemistry, lcsh:GC1-1581, Precipitation, lcsh:Physical geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CMIP6, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Coupled model intercomparison project, Intertropical Convergence Zone, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Middle latitudes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Climate sensitivity, climate sensitivity, Climate model, lcsh:GB3-5030, IPSL-CM6A-LR
Abstract: International audience This study presents the global climate model IPSL-CM6A-LR developed at Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). This article describes the different model components, their coupling, and the simulated climate in comparison to previous model versions. We focus here on the representation of the physical climate along with the main characteristics of the global carbon cycle. The model's climatology, as assessed from a range of metrics (related in particular to radiation, temperature, precipitation, and wind), is strongly improved in comparison to previous model versions. Although they are reduced, a number of known biases and shortcomings (e.g., double Intertropical Convergence Zone [ITCZ], frequency of midlatitude wintertime blockings, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] dynamics) persist. The equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response have both increased from the previous climate model IPSL-CM5A-LR used in CMIP5. A large ensemble of more than 30 members for the historical period (1850–2018) and a smaller ensemble for a range of emissions scenarios (until 2100 and 2300) are also presented and discussed.
Published: 2020
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14. Supercooled liquid water cloud observed, analysed, and modelled at the top of the planetary boundary layer above Dome C, Antarctica

Author: Eric Bazile, Niramson Azouz, Dana E. Veron, Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Angelo Lupi, Jean-Luc Attié, Massimo Del Guasta, Pierre Durand, Vincent Guidard, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ente per le Nuove Technologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Diurnal cycle, Downwelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Longwave, Entrainment (meteorology), lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Capping inversion, Environmental science, Liquid water path, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of the water budget over the Dome C (Concordia, Antarctica) station has been performed during the austral summer 2018–2019 as part of the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) international campaign. Thin (∼100 m deep) supercooled liquid water (SLW) clouds have been detected and analysed using remotely sensed observations at the station (tropospheric depolarization lidar, the H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometer (HAMSTRAD), net surface radiation from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN)), radiosondes, and satellite observations (CALIOP, Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization/CALIPSO, Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) combined with a specific configuration of the numerical weather prediction model: ARPEGE-SH (Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle – Southern Hemisphere). The analysis shows that SLW clouds were present from November to March, with the greatest frequency occurring in December and January when ∼50 % of the days in summer time exhibited SLW clouds for at least 1 h. Two case studies are used to illustrate this phenomenon. On 24 December 2018, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) evolved following a typical diurnal variation, which is to say with a warm and dry mixing layer at local noon thicker than the cold and dry stable layer at local midnight. Our study showed that the SLW clouds were observed at Dome C within the entrainment and the capping inversion zones at the top of the PBL. ARPEGE-SH was not able to correctly estimate the ratio between liquid and solid water inside the clouds with the liquid water path (LWP) strongly underestimated by a factor of 1000 compared to observations. The lack of simulated SLW in the model impacted the net surface radiation that was 20–30 W m−2 higher in the BSRN observations than in the ARPEGE-SH calculations, mainly attributable to the BSRN longwave downward surface radiation being 50 W m−2 greater than that of ARPEGE-SH. The second case study took place on 20 December 2018, when a warm and wet episode impacted the PBL with no clear diurnal cycle of the PBL top. SLW cloud appearance within the entrainment and capping inversion zones coincided with the warm and wet event. The amount of liquid water measured by HAMSTRAD was ∼20 times greater in this perturbed PBL than in the typical PBL. Since ARPEGE-SH was not able to accurately reproduce these SLW clouds, the discrepancy between the observed and calculated net surface radiation was even greater than in the typical PBL case, reaching +50 W m−2, mainly attributable to the downwelling longwave surface radiation from BSRN being 100 W m−2 greater than that of ARPEGE-SH. The model was then run with a new partition function favouring liquid water for temperatures below −20 down to −40 ∘C. In this test mode, ARPEGE-SH has been able to generate SLW clouds with modelled LWP and net surface radiation consistent with observations during the typical case, whereas, during the perturbed case, the modelled LWP was 10 times less than the observations and the modelled net surface radiation remained lower than the observations by ∼50 W m−2. Accurately modelling the presence of SLW clouds appears crucial to correctly simulate the surface energy budget over the Antarctic Plateau.
Published: 2020
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15. Middle-late Holocene Climate and Hydrologic Changes in the Gulf of Saros (NE Aegean Sea)

Author: Kürşad Kadir Eriş, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Cerennaz Bozyiğit, Luca Gasperini, M.N. Çağatay, Vincent Klein, Gülsen Uçarkuş, Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Saros, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleoclimate, Gulf of Saros, North Aegean Sea, Drainage basin, Holocene climatic optimum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Marine sediment core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Deforestation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sapropels, Holocene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Sapropel, 15. Life on land, Geochemical proxies, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Period (geology), Physical geography
Abstract: International audience; A multi-proxy analyses was applied on the sediment core from the Gulf of Saros (GoS) to identify and characterize climate and hydrological changes during the middle-to-late Holocene. The formation of two discrete Holocene sapropel layers in the GoS sediments was documented for the first time in the sediment core based on total organic carbon analysis. According to our paleo-proxy records, the lower Holocene sapropel was deposited under warm and humid climate conditions that gave rise to high delivery of terrestrial organic matter by numerous rivers in the northern catchment of the GoS. Biomarker and μ-XRF data were used to decipher climate variations during the middle to late Holocene. The general trends of sea-surface temperature records from the GoS and Sea of Marmara (SoM) at the 2 beginning of late Holocene are in good agreement, underlying the influence of the Black Sea inflow. A relatively warm and wet climate together with a high sedimentation rate during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum resulted in high organic productivity and ensuing formation of the younger Holocene sapropel between 5.4 and 3.0 cal ka BP. Late Holocene European climate periods are evident in the Saros core records. The Roman Humid Period is represented by high variation in climate, indicating an earlier (2.5-2.3 cal ka BP) dry and a later (2.3-1.55 cal ka BP) wet periods. The abrupt return to drier condition during the Dark Ages Cold Period (1.6-1.3 cal ka BP) was followed by a wetter Medieval Climate Anomaly (1.1-0.7 cal ka BP). The paleo-proxy record of the core indicates a passage from a wetter to drier climate during the cold Little Ice Age period (730-110 cal yr BP), and highlights the influence of deforestation in the catchment of the GoS as a result of human activities during the last three centuries.
Published: 2022
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16. The progressive loss of brain network fingerprints in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis predicts clinical impairment

Author: Antonella Romano, Emahnuel Trosi Lopez, Marianna Liparoti, Arianna Polverino, Roberta Minino, Francesca Trojsi, Simona Bonavita, Laura Mandolesi, Carmine Granata, Enrico Amico, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti 'Eduardo Caianiello' (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), RAMOS, Giovanna, Romano, Antonella, Trosi Lopez, Emahnuel, Liparoti, Marianna, Polverino, Arianna, Minino, Roberta, Trojsi, Francesca, Bonavita, Simona, Mandolesi, Laura, Granata, Carmine, Amico, Enrico, Sorrentino, Giuseppe, and Sorrentino, Pierpaolo
Subjects: Male, Brain network identifiability, Clinical connectome fingerprintFunctional connectomeBrain network identifiabilityNeurodegenerative diseasesMotor neurons diseaseMagnetoencephalography, Phase Linearity Measurement, Cognitive Neuroscience, disease progression, Clinical connectome fingerprint, Magnetoencephalography, Phase Linearity Measurement, Connectome, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, patterns, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Clinical connectome fingerprintFunctional connectomeBrain network identifiabilityNeurodegenerative diseasesMotor neurons diseaseMagnetoencephalography, dysfunction, Motor neurons disease, behavior, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, functional connectivity, Neurodegenerative diseases, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, phase linearity, Functional connectome, Phase Linearity Measurement, Neurology, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), measurement
Abstract: International audience; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by functional connectivity alterations in both motor and extra-motor brain regions. Within the framework of network analysis, fingerprinting represents a reliable approach to assess subject-specific connectivity features within a given population (healthy or diseased). Here, we applied the Clinical Connectome Fingerprint (CCF) analysis to source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in a cohort of seventy-eight subjects: thirty-nine ALS patients and thirty-nine healthy controls. We set out to develop an identifiability matrix to assess the extent to which each patient was recognisable based on his/her connectome, as compared to healthy controls. The analysis was performed in the five canonical frequency bands. Then, we built a multilinear regression model to test the ability of the "clinical fingerprint" to predict the clinical evolution of the disease, as assessed by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-r), the King's disease staging system, and the Milano-Torino Staging (MiToS) disease staging system. We found a drop in the identifiability of patients in the alpha band compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the "clinical fingerprint" was predictive of the ALSFRS-r (p = 0.0397; β = 32.8), the King's (p = 0.0001; β = − 7.40), and the MiToS (p = 0.0025; β = − 4.9) scores. Accordingly, it negatively correlated with the King's (Spearman's rho =-0.6041, p = 0.0003) and MiToS scales (Spearman's rho = − 0.4953, p = 0.0040). Our results demonstrated the ability of the CCF approach to predict the individual motor impairment in patients affected by ALS. Given the subject-specificity of our approach, we hope to further exploit it to improve disease management.
Published: 2022
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17. Association of urinary and ambient black carbon, and other ambient air pollutants with risk of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

Author: Nagrani, Rajini, Marron, Manuela, Bongaerts, Eva, Nawrot, Tim S., Ameloot, Marcel, de Hoogh, Kees, Vienneau, Danielle, Lequy, Emeline, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Guenther, Kathrin, De Ruyter, Thaïs, Mehlig, Kirsten, Molnár, Dénes, Moreno, Luis A., Russo, Paola, Veidebaum, Toomas, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Buck, Christoph, Idefics, Family consortia, I., Lequy, Emeline/0000-0003-2909-6598, Marron, Manuela/0000-0001-9658-1855, Nagrani, Rajini/0000-0002-1708-2319, Nagrani, Rajini, Marron, Manuela, BONGAERTS, Eva, NAWROT, Tim, AMELOOT, Marcel, de Hoogh, Kees, Vienneau, Danielle, Lequy, Emeline, Jacquemin, Benedicte, Guenther, Kathrin, DE RUYTER, Thais, Mehlig, Kirsten, Molnar, Denes, Moreno, Luis A., Russo, Paola, Veidebaum, Toomas, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Buck, Christoph, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Pécs Medical School (UP MS), University of Pecs, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Institute for Health Development, Universität Bremen, Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Air pollution, General Medicine, Urine biomarker, Toxicology, Pollution, Metabolic syndrome, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Black carbon, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Prediabetes, Children cohort, Medicine and Health Sciences
Abstract: The effects of exposure to black carbon (BC) on various diseases remains unclear, one reason being potential exposure misclassification following modelling of ambient air pollution levels. Urinary BC particles may be a more precise measure to analyze the health effects of BC. We aimed to assess the risk of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in relation to urinary BC particles and ambient BC and to compare their associations in 5453 children from IDEFICS/I. Family cohort. We determined the amount of BC particles in urine using label-free white-light generation under femtosecond pulsed laser illumination. We assessed annual exposure to ambient air pollutants (BC, PM2.5 and NO2) at the place of residence using land use regression models for Europe, and we calculated the residential distance to major roads (250 m away from a major road. We observed a positive association between log-transformed urinary BC particles and MetS (ORper unit increase = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.21; 2.45). An association between ambient BC and MetS was only observed in children living closer to a major road. Our findings suggest that exposure to BC (ambient and biomarker) may contribute to the risk of MetS in children. By measuring the internal dose, the BC particles in urine may have additionally captured non-residential sources and reduced exposure misclassification. Larger studies, with longitudinal design including measurement of urinary BC at multiple time-points are warranted to confirm our findings. We thank the IDEFICS and I. Family children and their parents for taking the time to participate in this extensive examination program. This work was done as part of the IDEFICS/I. Family studies.We are grateful for the support provided by school boards, headmasters, teachers, school staff and communities, and for the effort of all study nurses and our data managers, especially Claudia Brünings-Kuppe, Willempje Hummel-Bartenschlager, and Sandra Israel-Georgii. We are thankful to Nada El Jundi and Philine Betker for their support in literature search and data entry.
Published: 2022
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18. A European perspective on opportunities and demands for field-based crop phenotyping

Author: Juan Manuel Herrera, Alison R. Bentley, Emilie J. Millet, Peter Lootens, Merlijn Morisse, Michela Janni, Francesco Cellini, Onno Muller, Darren M. Wells, Morten Lillemo, Sven Fahrner, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (Alsia), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Agroscope, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse [Palermo] (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo [Genova] (IMEM-CNR), the Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products (FFL), the Agricultural Agreement Research Fund (JA) in Norway through NFR grant grants 267806 and 320090, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2070 – 390732324., European Project: 739514,EMPHASIS-PREP, European Project: 731013 ,EPPN2020(2017), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phenotyping networks, IMPACT, Computer science, Soil Science, User requirements document, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Plant breeding, ISO-9000 CERTIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Field based, PLANT, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Food security, Perspective (graphical), Stakeholder, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing, Plant phenotyping, Data science, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Software deployment, ddc:640, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The challenges of securing future food security will require deployment of innovative technologies to accelerate crop production. Plant phenotyping methods have advanced significantly, spanning low-cost hand-held devices to large-scale satellite imaging. Field-based phenotyping aims to capture plant response to the environment, generating data that can be used to inform breeding and selection requirements. This in turn requires access to multiple representative locations and capacities for collecting useful information. In this paper we identify the current challenges in access to field phenotyping in multiple locations in Europe based on stakeholder feedback. We present a map of current infrastructure and propose opportunities for greater integration of existing facilities for meeting different user requirements. We also review the currently available technology and data requirements for effective multi-location field phenotyping and provide recommendations for ensuring future access and coordination. Taken together we provide an overview of the current status of European field phenotyping capabilities and provides a roadmap for their future use to support crop improvement. This provides a wider framework for the analysis and planning of field phenotyping activities for crop improvement worldwide.
Published: 2022
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19. New high-tech flexible networks for the monitoring of deep-sea ecosystems

Author: Jacopo Aguzzi, Damianos Chatzievangelou, Simone Marini, Emanuela Fanelli, Roberto Danovaro, Sascha Flögel, Nadine Lebris, Francis Juanes, Fabio C. De Leo, Joaquin Del Rio, Laurenz Thomsen, Corrado Costa, Giorgio Riccobene, Cristian Tamburini, Dominique Lefevre, Carl Gojak, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Paolo Favali, Annalisa Griffa, Autun Purser, Danelle Cline, Duane Edgington, Joan Navarro, Sergio Stefanni, Steve D’Hondt, Imants G. Priede, Rodney Rountree, Joan B. Company, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Department of Marine Science, Polytechnnic University of Marche, Pharmacology, Agricultural Engineering Research Unit, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Jacobs University [Bremen], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Monitoring, Traceability, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, FOS: Physical sciences, Augmented observatories, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Ecosystems, Deep Sea, Abundance (ecology), Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Abiotic component, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Pelagic zone, General Chemistry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, FOS: Biological sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Increasing interest in the acquisition of biotic and abiotic resources from within the deep sea (e.g., fisheries, oil–gas extraction, and mining) urgently imposes the development of novel monitoring technologies, beyond the traditional vessel-assisted, time-consuming, high-cost sampling surveys. The implementation of permanent networks of seabed and water-column-cabled (fixed) and docked mobile platforms is presently enforced, to cooperatively measure biological features and environmental (physicochemical) parameters. Video and acoustic (i.e., optoacoustic) imaging are becoming central approaches for studying benthic fauna (e.g., quantifying species presence, behavior, and trophic interactions) in a remote, continuous, and prolonged fashion. Imaging is also being complemented by in situ environmental-DNA sequencing technologies, allowing the traceability of a wide range of organisms (including prokaryotes) beyond the reach of optoacoustic tools. Here, we describe the different fixed and mobile platforms of those benthic and pelagic monitoring networks, proposing at the same time an innovative roadmap for the automated computing of hierarchical ecological information on deep-sea ecosystems (i.e., from single species’ abundance and life traits to community composition, and overall biodiversity), This work was developed within the framework of the Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC) and the following project activities: ARIM (Autonomous Robotic sea-ﬂoor Infrastructure for benthopelagic Monitoring; MartTERA ERA-Net Cofound), ARCHES (Autonomous Robotic Networks to Help Modern Societies; German Helmholtz Association), RESBIO (Grant TEC2017-87861-R; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), RESNEP (Grant CTM2017-82991-C2-1-R; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades), MERCES (Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas - GA No. 689518), and IDEM (Implementing the MSFD to the Deep Mediterranean Sea, GA No. 11.0661/2017/750680/SUB/ENV.C2)
Published: 2022
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20. Dissolved neodymium isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Paolo Montagna, Christophe Colin, Martin Frank, Tjördis Störling, Toste Tanhua, Micha J.A. Rijkenberg, Marco Taviani, Katrin Schroeder, Jacopo Chiggiato, Guohui Gao, Arnaud Dapoigny, Steven L. Goldstein, Institute of Polar Sciences [Venezia-Mestre] (CNR-ISP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Geology [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research leading to this paper was funded by the French National Research Agency under the 'Investissements d'avenir' programme (Grant number ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006) and the INSU LEFE-IMAGO PALMEDS Project. P. Montagna gratefully acknowledges the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (Grant agreement 219607, MEDAT-ARCHIVES) for providing financial support at LDEO and is also indebted to L. Pena, Y. Cai and N. Frank for introducing him to the neodymium isotope measurements. Micha Rijkenberg was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (Grant number 822.01.015, GEOTRACES, the biogeochemical cycles of bioessential trace metals and isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea). Thanks are also extended to the captains, crews, chief scientists, and scientific parties of oceanographic cruises Medcor (December 2008, Captain: Vincenzo Lubrano Lavadera), Arcadia (March-April 2010, Captain: Vincenzo Lubrano Lavadera) and Record (November 2013, Captain: Emanuele Gentile) onboard R/V Urania, Meteor 84/3 (April 2011, Captain: Thomas Wunderlich) onboard R/V Meteor and MedBlack GEOTRACES 64PE370 (May-June 2013, Captain: Pieter Kuijt) and 64PE374 (July-August 2013, Captain: Pieter Kuijt) onboard R/V Pelagia. We gratefully acknowledge Mohamed Ayache and Jean-Claude Dutay for providing the model data to produce Fig. 10, Fig. 11. This manuscript benefited from constructive suggestions by four anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor Karen H. Johannesson. Article finalized and submitted at the time of the Covid-19 pandemics. This is ISMAR-CNR Bologna scientific contribution number 2034., ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), and ANR-17-EURE-0006,IPSL-CGS,IPSL Climate graduate school(2017)
Subjects: Neodymium isotopes, Seawater, Mediterranean Sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) of seawater is one of the most important geochemical tracers to investigate water mass provenance, which can also serve as a proxy to reconstruct past variations in ocean circulation. Nd isotopes have recently also been used to reconstruct past circulation changes in theMediterranean Sea on different time scales. However, the modern seawater ε Nd dataset for the Mediterranean Sea, which these reconstructions are based on, is limited and up to now only 160 isotopic measurements are available for the entire basin. The lack of present-day data also limits our understanding of the processes controlling the Nd cycle and Nd isotopic distribution in this semi-enclosed basin. Here we present new εNd data from 24 depth profiles covering all Mediterranean sub-basins, which significantly increases the available dataset in the Mediterranean Sea. The main goal of our study is to better characterize the relationship between the dissolved Nd isotope distributions and major water masses in the Mediterranean Sea and to investigate the impact and relative importance of local non-conservative modifications, which include input of riverine particles and waters, aeolian-derived material and exchange with the sediments at continental margins . This comprehensive εNd dataset reveals a clear εNd – salinity correlation and a zonal and depth gradient with εNd systematically increasing from the western to the eastern Mediterranean basin (average εNd = −8.8 ± 0.8 and −6.7 ± 1 for the entire water column, respectively), reflecting the large-scale basin circulation. We have evaluated the conservative εNd behaviour in theMediterranean Sea and quantified the non-conservative components of the ε Nd signatures by applying an Optimum Multiparameter (OMP) analysis and results from the Parametric Optimum Multiparameter (POMP) analysis of Jullion et al. (2017). The results of the present study combined with previously published Nd isotope values indicate that dissolved εNd behaves overall conservatively in the open Mediterranean Sea and show that its water masses are clearly distinguishable by their Nd isotope signature. However, misfits between measured and OMP- and POMP-derived εNd values exist in almost all sub-basins, especially in the eastern Levantine Basin and Alboran Sea at intermediate-deep depths, which can be explained by the influence of detrital lithogenic εNd signatures through interaction with highly radiogenic Nile sourced volcanic fractions and unradiogenic sediments, respectively. The radiogenic signature acquired in the eastern Levantine Basin is carried by the Levantine Intermediate Water and transferred conservatively to the entire Mediterranean at intermediate depths. Our measured εNd values and OMP- and POMP-derived results indicate that non-conservative contributions originating from sediment sources are then propagated by water mass circulation (with distinct preformed εNd) along the Mediterranean Sea through advection and conservative mixing. Mediterranean εNd effectively traces the mixing between the different water masses in this semi-enclosed basin and is a suitable water mass tracer.
Published: 2022
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21. Vanadium-Catalyzed Terpolymerization of α,ω-Dienes with Ethylene and Cyclic Olefins: Ready Access to Polar-Functionalized Polyolefins

Author: Palucci, Benedetta, Zanchin, Giorgia, Ricci, Giovanni, Vendier, Laure, Lorber, Christian, Leone, Giuseppe, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche 'Giulio Natta' (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIUR Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) project 'Cr4FUN─chromium catalysis: from fundamental understanding to functional aliphatic polymers', CNRS, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MIUR Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) Bando 2017 (20179FKR77_002), and Cr4FUN─chromium catalysis: from fundamental understanding to functional aliphatic polymers
Subjects: Polymers, Copolymerization, Copolymers, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Hydrocarbons, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; α,ω-Dienes are an important class of monomers due to their utility in the synthesis of cyclopolyolefins and reactive polyolefin intermediates. In this contribution, the terpolymerization of two α,ω-dienes (i.e., 1,5-hexadiene and 1,7-octadiene) with ethylene and various cyclic olefins [i.e., norbornene (NB), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)] catalyzed by a chelated imido vanadium complex has been examined. The ENB and DCPD diene termonomers provide additional sites for post-polymerization functionalization. Vanadium-catalyzed terpolymerization of the investigated α,ω-dienes yields polyolefins with a high molecular weight (Mw up to 200 × 103 g mol–1), unimodal and narrow molecular weight distribution, subambient glass transition temperatures (−30 < Tg °C < −3), and a proper content of C═C bonds. Comprehensive NMR investigation of the obtained polymers revealed that subtle changes in the α,ω-diene size have important effects on the numerous combinations of insertion paths (ring closure vs ring opening), from which different repeating units with a C═C bond in the side or main polymer chain and cyclic units are installed. Finally, the poly(ethylene-ter-1,5-hexadiene-ter-NB) was subjected to thiol-ene addition using thioglycolic acid, methyl thioglycolate, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine to access polar-functionalized polyolefins with a degree of functionalization and properties dependent on the thiol substitution.
Published: 2021
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22. Bioaerosols and dust are the dominant sources of organic P in atmospheric particles

Author: Kalliopi Violaki, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Tsagkaraki, Marco Paglione, Stéphanie Jacquet, Richard Sempéré, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts (LAPI), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas - Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Project: 726165, European Project: 0707624(2007), Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, deposition, 01 natural sciences, Environmental impact, 03 medical and health sciences, Meteorology. Climatology, Environmental Chemistry, GE1-350, 14. Life underwater, airborne pollen, phosphorus, climate, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particulate matter, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, mannitol, Environmental sciences, desert dust, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, QC851-999, eastern mediterranean sea, levantine basin
Abstract: Several studies assessed the impact of inorganic P in fertilizing oligotrophic areas, however, the importance of organic P in such fertilization processes received far less attention. In this study, the amount and origin of organic P delivered to the eastern Mediterranean Sea were characterized in atmospheric particles using the positive matrix factorization model (PMF). Phospholipids together with other chemical compounds (sugars, metals) were used as tracers in PMF. The model revealed that dominant sources of organic P are bioaerosols and dust. The amount of organic P from bioaerosols (~4 Gg P y−1) is similar to the amount of soluble inorganic P originating from dust aerosols; this is especially true during highly stratified periods when surface waters are strongly P-limited. The deposition of organic P from bioaerosols can constitute a considerable flux of bioavailable P—even during periods of dust episodes, implying that airborne biological particles can potentially fertilize marine ecosystems.
Published: 2021
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23. Alterations of the endocannabinoid system and circulating and peripheral tissue levels of endocannabinoids in sarcopenic rats

Author: Olivier Le Bacquer, Jérôme Salles, Fabiana Piscitelli, Phelipe Sanchez, Vincent Martin, Christophe Montaurier, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Stéphane Walrand, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Canada Excellence Research Chair Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agricutural and Food Sciences, IUCPQ, INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Service de Nutrition Clinique [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Male, Sarcopenia, QM1-695, Skeletal muscle, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Rats, RC925-935, Muscle function, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Human anatomy, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Endocannabinoids
Abstract: International audience; Background Activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance, and with perturbed skeletal muscle development. Age-related sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving an accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, with changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis due to lipid accumulation and anabolic resistance. Hence, both obesity and sarcopenia share a common set of pathophysiological alterations leading to skeletal muscle impairment. The aim of this study was to characterize how sarcopenia impacts the ECS and if these modifications were related to the loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging in rats. Methods Six-month-old and 24-month-old male rats were used to measure the contractile properties of the plantarflexors (isometric torque-frequency relationship & concentric power-velocity relationship) and to evaluate locomotor activity, motor coordination, and voluntary gait by open field, rotarod, and catwalk tests, respectively. Levels of endocannabinoids (AEA & 2-AG) and endocannabinoid-like molecules (OEA & PEA) were measured by LCF-MS/MS in plasma, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, while the expression of genes coding for the ECS were investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Results Sarcopenia in old rats was exemplified by a 49% decrease in hindlimb muscle mass (P < 0.01), which was associated with severe impairment of isometric torque, power, voluntary locomotor activity, motor coordination, and gait quality. Sarcopenia was associated with (1) increased 2-AG (+32%, P = 0.07) and reduced PEA and OEA levels in the plasma (À25% and À40%, respectively, P < 0.01); (2) an increased content of AEA, PEA, and OEA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.01); and (3) a four-fold increase of 2-AG content in the soleus (P < 0.01) and a reduced OEA content in EDL (À80%, P < 0.01). These alterations were associated with profound modifications in the expression of the ECS genes in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrate that circulating and peripheral tissue endocannabinoid tone are altered in sarcopenia. They also demonstrate that OEA plasma levels are associated with skeletal muscle function and loss of locomotor activity in rats, suggesting OEA could be used as a circulating biomarker for sarcopenia.
Published: 2021
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24. Impacts of Atlantic multidecadal variability on the tropical Pacific: a multi-model study

Author: Alessio Bellucci, Xavier J. Levine, Rosie Eade, Frédéric Castruccio, Etienne Tourigny, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Rym Msadek, Daniel L. R. Hodson, Jorge López-Parages, Doug Smith, Marta Martín-Rey, Dario Nicolì, Katja Lohmann, Guillaume Gastineau, Jon Robson, Christophe Cassou, Nick Dunstone, Christopher D. Roberts, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Leon Hermanson, Emilia Sanchez-Gomez, Paul-Arthur Monerie, Paolo Davini, Saïd Qasmi, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e Del Clima [Torino] (isac), Met Office Climate Research Division, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NCAS-Climate [Reading], Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Project: 641727,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,PRIMAVERA(2015), European Project: 776613,Fighting and adapting to climate change,H2020-EU.3.5.1,EUCP(2017), European Project: 797236,FESTIVAL, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CERFACS, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Sea temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Tropical Atlantic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Troposphere, Meteorology. Climatology, Moist static energy, Environmental Chemistry, GE1-350, 14. Life underwater, Precipitation, Multidecadal variability, Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical pacific, Global and Planetary Change, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Escalfament global, Global warming, Teleconnections (Climatology), Environmental sciences, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, QC851-999, Teleconnection
Abstract: 11 pages, 6 figures, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00188-5.-- Data availability; The data generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author YRR on reasonable request, Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) has been linked to the observed slowdown of global warming over 1998–2012 through its impact on the tropical Pacific. Given the global importance of tropical Pacific variability, better understanding this Atlantic–Pacific teleconnection is key for improving climate predictions, but the robustness and strength of this link are uncertain. Analyzing a multi-model set of sensitivity experiments, we find that models differ by a factor of 10 in simulating the amplitude of the Equatorial Pacific cooling response to observed AMV warming. The inter-model spread is mainly driven by different amounts of moist static energy injection from the tropical Atlantic surface into the upper troposphere. We reduce this inter-model uncertainty by analytically correcting models for their mean precipitation biases and we quantify that, following an observed 0.26 °C AMV warming, the equatorial Pacific cools by 0.11 °C with an inter-model standard deviation of 0.03 °C, Y.R.-R. was founded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program in the framework of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant INADEC (Grant agreement 800154). E.M.-C. acknowledges funding from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 projects PRIMAVERA (Grant Agreement 641727). X.L. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2016-754433. A.B. and D.N. acknowledge funding from the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 project EUCP (Grant agreement 776613). F.C. and G.D. were supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under the Collaborative Research EaSM2 Grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR and by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office under the Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA13OAR4310138. NCAR is a major facility sponsored by the US NSF under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. [...] R.E., N.D., L.H., and D.S. were supported by the Met Office Hadley Center 522 Climate Program funded by BEIS and Defra and by the European Commission Horizon 2020 EUCP 523 project (GA 776613). J.L.-P. was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program in the framework of the PRIMAVERA project (Grant Agreement 641727). J.R. and D.H. were funded by NERC via NCAS and the ACSIS project (NE/N018001/1), and JR was also funded by the NERC SMURPHS project (NE/N006054/1). M.M.-R. was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program in the framework of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant FESTIVAL (Grant agreement 797236). E.T. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 748750 (SPFireSD project), With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
Published: 2021
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25. Crystal structure and functional characterization of an oligosaccharide dehydrogenase from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus provides insights into fungal breakdown of lignocellulose

Author: Cerutti, Gabriele, Gugole, Elena, Montemiglio, Linda Celeste, Turbé-Doan, Annick, Chena, Dehbia, Navarro, David, Lomascolo, Anne, Piumi, François, Exertier, Cécile, Freda, Ida, Vallone, Beatrice, Record, Eric, Savino, Carmelinda, Sciara, Giuliano, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biochemical Sciences 'Rossi Fanelli', Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Unité biologie du développement et biotechnologie, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), ANR-19-CE43-0007,FuncLIPRO,Preuve de concept pour la fonctionnalisation des lignines par l'application de traitements enzymatiques laccase-déshydrogénase pour l'obtention de matériaux biosourcés(2019), ANR-13-BIME-0002,FUNLOCK,Enzymes fongiques pour déverrouiller l'hydrolyse de biomasse récalcitrante(2013), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), CNR Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari [Roma] (CNR | IBPM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Laminaribiose, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Research, Redox enzymes, Fuel, Oligosaccharide dehydrogenase, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, TP315-360, Lignocellulose degradation, lignocellulose degradation, oligosaccharide dehydrogenase, redox enzymes, X-ray crystallography, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], TP248.13-248.65, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background Fungal glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) are FAD-dependent enzymes belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily. These enzymes are classified in the “Auxiliary Activity” family 3 (AA3) of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database, and more specifically in subfamily AA3_2, that also includes the closely related flavoenzymes aryl-alcohol oxidase and glucose 1-oxidase. Based on sequence similarity to known fungal GDHs, an AA3_2 enzyme active on glucose was identified in the genome of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, a model Basidiomycete able to completely degrade lignin. Results In our work, substrate screening and functional characterization showed an unexpected preferential activity of this enzyme toward oligosaccharides containing a β(1→3) glycosidic bond, with the highest efficiency observed for the disaccharide laminaribiose. Despite its sequence similarity to GDHs, we defined a novel enzymatic activity, namely oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH), for this enzyme. The crystallographic structures of ODH in the sugar-free form and in complex with glucose and laminaribiose unveiled a peculiar saccharide recognition mechanism which is not shared with previously characterized AA3 oxidoreductases and accounts for ODH preferential activity toward oligosaccharides. The sugar molecules in the active site of ODH are mainly stabilized through CH-π interactions with aromatic residues rather than through hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues, as observed instead for the fungal glucose dehydrogenases and oxidases characterized to date. Finally, three sugar-binding sites were identified on ODH external surface, which were not previously observed and might be of importance in the physiological scenario. Conclusions Structure–function analysis of ODH is consistent with its role as an auxiliary enzyme in lignocellulose degradation and unveils yet another enzymatic function within the AA3 family of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database. Our findings allow deciphering the molecular determinants of substrate binding and provide insight into the physiological role of ODH, opening new perspectives to exploit biodiversity for lignocellulose transformation into fuels and chemicals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-021-02003-y.
Published: 2021
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26. Perspective on taxonomic classification of uncultivated viruses

Author: Dutilh, Bas E, Varsani, Arvind, Tong, Yigang, Simmonds, Peter, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Rubino, Luisa, Roux, Simon, Muñoz, Alejandro Reyes, Lood, Cédric, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Kuhn, Jens H, Krupovic, Mart, Edwards, Robert A, Brister, J Rodney, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Cape Town, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Mississippi State University [Mississippi], Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Virologie des archées - Archaeal Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Quadram Institute Bioscience (QIB), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), BED is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHI. CL is supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) SB grant 1S64720N. RAE is supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number RC2DK116713. SR is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. JHK performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. SS acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. EMA acknowledges the support of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), this research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Gut Microbes and HealthBB/R012490/1 and its constituent projects BBS/E/F/000PR10353 and BBS/E/F/000PR10356. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the NIH, National Library of Medicine. MBS was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation award ABI#1759874., European Project: 865694,H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC),DiversiPHI(2020), University of Oxford, CNR Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quadram Institute Bioscience [Norwich, U.K.] (QIB), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, and Sub Bioinformatics
Subjects: BACTERIAL, Evolution, viruses, Biology, Microbiology, SEQUENCE, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, ICTV, Data sequences, Virology, Animals, Humans, 10. No inequality, PROGRESS, Phylogeny, Virus classification, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, 030306 microbiology, Molecular, Biological classification, EXPANSION, Taxon, Medical Microbiology, Metagenomics, Evolutionary biology, Viruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, ICTV BACTERIAL, UPDATE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Historically, virus taxonomy has been limited to describing viruses that were readily cultivated in the laboratory or emerging in natural biomes. Metagenomic analyses, single-particle sequencing, and database mining efforts have yielded new sequence data on an astounding number of previously unknown viruses. As metagenomes are relatively free of biases, these data provide an unprecedented insight into the vastness of the virosphere, but to properly value the extent of this diversity it is critical that the viruses are taxonomically classified. Inclusion of uncultivated viruses has already improved the process as well as the understanding of the taxa, viruses, and their evolutionary relationships. The continuous development and testing of computational tools will be required to maintain a dynamic virus taxonomy that can accommodate the new discoveries. ispartof: CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY vol:51 pages:1-9 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
Published: 2021
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27. New way to predict sediment production and deposition: integrated Source to Sink maps at pluri-basisns-scale

Author: Ortiz, Alexandre, Fillon, Charlotte, Lasseur, Eric, Briais, Justine, Guillocheau, François, Bessin, Paul, Baby, Guillaume, Baptiste, Julien, Uzel, Jessica, Robin, Cécile, Calassou, Sylvain, Frasca, Gianluca, Castelltort, Sebastien, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), TotalEnergies, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Géosciences Le Mans (LPG - Le Mans), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: Ebro, Sediment Routing System, Paleogeography, Pyrenees, Source to Sink, Aqutiaine, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

28. System-oriented optimization of multi-target 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives: Easily accessible broad-spectrum antivirals active against flaviviruses, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2

Author: Adele Boccuto, Ilaria Vicenti, Giovanni Maga, Maurizio Zazzi, Marco Radi, Claudia Maria Trombetta, Serena Marchi, Maria Grazia Martina, Emmanuele Crespan, Lucia Nencioni, Emanuele Montomoli, Etienne Decroly, Filippo Dragoni, Marta De Angelis, Cécilia Eydoux, Giorgia Giavarini, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Diaminopurine, Phenotypic screening, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Broad-spectrum antivirals, Dengue, Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, West nile virus, Zika, Immunofluorescence, Virus Replication, Antiviral Agents, Virus, Article, Dengue fever, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Discovery, Pandemic, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Potency, Molecular Targeted Therapy, diaminopurine, broad-spectrum antivirals, dengue, zika, west nile virus, influenza, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Chemistry, Flavivirus, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Orthomyxoviridae, Virology, 3. Good health, Cell culture, Purines, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: The worldwide circulation of different viruses coupled with the increased frequency and diversity of new outbreaks, strongly highlight the need for new antiviral drugs to quickly react against potential pandemic pathogens. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs) represent the ideal option for a prompt response against multiple viruses, new and re-emerging. Starting from previously identified anti-flavivirus hits, we report herein the identification of promising BSAAs by submitting the multi-target 2,6-diaminopurine chemotype to a system-oriented optimization based on phenotypic screening on cell cultures infected with different viruses. Among the synthesized compounds, 6i showed low micromolar potency against Dengue, Zika, West Nile and Influenza A viruses (IC50 = 0.5–5.3 μM) with high selectivity index. Interestingly, 6i also inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in different cell lines, with higher potency on Calu-3 cells that better mimic the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo (IC50 = 0.5 μM, SI = 240). The multi-target effect of 6i on flavivirus replication was also analyzed in whole cell studies (in vitro selection and immunofluorescence) and against isolated host/viral targets., Graphical abstract Image 1
Published: 2021
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29. Prospects to improve the nutritional quality of crops

Author: Angelo Santino, Fernando Geu-Flores, Alexandra J. Burgess, Johnathan A. Napier, Erik H. Murchie, Jean Pierre Cohan, Ralf Wilhelm, Lars B. Scharff, Martin A. J. Parry, Francesca Sparvoli, Aldo Ceriotti, Mathias Pribil, Poul Erik Jensen, Dirk Inzé, Alexandra Baekelandt, René Klein Lankhorst, Meike Burow, Richard P. Haslam, Aurelia Scarano, Barbara Ann Halkier, Philippe Nacry, Vandasue Rodrigues Saltenis, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), VIBUGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lancaster University, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), European Project: 817690,H2020, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Agriculture and Food Sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Agriculture (General), 01 natural sciences, S1-972, Protein content, Alternative protein, PATHWAY, Nutrient, FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION, GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, BioSolar Cells, food and beverages, Agriculture, Forestry, health, Micronutrient, protein content, nutrient composition, PHYTATE, Nutritional quality, Biology, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, REVEALS, plant breeding, BIOSYNTHESIS, PLANTS, Renewable Energy, RICE, 030304 developmental biology, IRON CONTENT, Sustainability and the Environment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, BREAD WHEAT, crop improvement, Biotechnology, plant‐based food, Sustainability, plant-based food, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: Early Access; International audience; A growing world population as well as the need to enhance sustainability and health create challenges for crop breeding. To address these challenges, not only quantitative but also qualitative improvements are needed, especially regarding the macro- and micronutrient composition and content. In this review, we describe different examples of how the nutritional quality of crops and the bioavailability of individual nutrients can be optimised. We focus on increasing protein content, the use of alternative protein crops and improving protein functionality. Furthermore, approaches to enhance the content of vitamins and minerals as well as healthy specialised metabolites and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered. In addition, methods to reduce antinutrients and toxins are presented. These approaches could help to decrease the 'hidden hunger' caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, a more diverse crop range with improved nutritional profile could help to shift to healthier and more sustainable plant-based diets.
Published: 2021
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30. The effects of different frequencies of rhythmic acoustic stimulation on gait stability in healthy elderly individuals: a pilot study

Author: Anna Lardone, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Rosaria Rucco, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Marianna Liparoti, Matteo Pesoli, Domenico Tafuri, Roberta Minino, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez, Laura Mandolesi, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti 'Eduardo Caianiello' (ISASI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Otten, Lisa, Minino, Roberta, Troisi Lopez, Emahnuel, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Rucco, Rosaria, Lardone, Anna, Pesoli, Matteo, Tafuri, Domenico, Mandolesi, Laura, Sorrentino, Giuseppe, Liparoti, Marianna, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Walking, Neuropsychological Tests, Article, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Weights and Measures, Female, Gait Analysis, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Walking Speed, Acoustic Stimulation, Gait, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Rhythm, Gait (human), Motor control, 80 and over, Medicine, Balance (ability), Multidisciplinary, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Health care, Trunk, Duration (music), Gait analysis, business, Cadence, human activities, Neuroscience
Abstract: The efficacy of rhythmic acoustic stimulation (RAS) to improve gait and balance in healthy elderly individuals is controversial. Our aim was to investigate, through 3D gait analysis, the effect of different types of RAS (fixed frequency and based on subject-specific cadence), using conventional gait parameters and the trunk displacement as readouts. Walking at a fixed frequency of 80 bpm, the subjects showed extended duration of gait cycle and increased gait variability while the same individuals, walking at a fixed frequency of 120 bpm, showed reduced trunk sway and gait cycle duration. With regard to the RAS at subject-specific frequencies, walking at 90% of the subject-specific average cadence did not significantly modify the gait parameters, except for the speed, which was reduced. In contrast, walking at 100% and 110% of the mean cadence caused increased stride length and a slight reduction of temporal parameters and trunk sway. In conclusion, this pilot study shows that using RAS at fixed frequencies might be an inappropriate strategy, as it is not adjusted to individual gait characteristics. On the other hand, RAS frequencies equal to or slightly higher than each subject's natural cadence seem to be beneficial for gait and stability.
Published: 2021
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31. Overview of the european tokamak programme in the new European Framework Programme

Author: Joffrin, Emmanuel, Wischmeier, M., Labit, B., Hakola, A., Tsitrone, Emmanuelle, Vianello, N., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

32. A POWER-BALANCE MODEL OF L-MODE DENSITY LIMIT IN FUSION PLASMAS

Author: Zanca, P, Sattin, F, Escande, Dominique, Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Escande, Dominique, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph]
Abstract: A 1D cylindrical power-balance model of the radiation density limit gives a unified description of the phenomenon for stellarator, reversed field pinch and L-mode tokamak [P. Zanca et al, Nucl. Fusion 59 (2019) 126011]. The density limit scaling laws for the three different configurations are all derived by combination of just two equations: i) single-fluid heat-transport equation; ii) on-axis Ohm's law with Spitzer resistivity, taken in a suitable limit for the stellarator. Here, we present a refined version of the model, alongside further experimental evidences supporting its successful application.
Published: 2021

33. Closed-form solution of adiabatic particle trajectories in axis-symmetric magnetic fields

Author: F. Sattin, Dominique Escande, Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, Magnetized plasma, MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL, 01 natural sciences, Projection (linear algebra), Hamiltonian dynamics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superposition principle, symbols.namesake, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Computer Science (miscellaneous), QA1-939, Particle trajectory, 010306 general physics, Adiabatic process, Mathematical physics, fluids_plasmas, Physics, Hamiltonian mechanics, Canonical transformations, Equations of motion, Adiabatic invariants, Charged particle, Magnetic field, Chemistry (miscellaneous), symbols, Orbit (control theory), Mathematics
Abstract: The dynamics of a low-energy charged particle in an axis-symmetric magnetic field is known to be a regular superposition of periodic—although possibly incommensurate—motions. The projection of the particle orbit along the two non-ignorable coordinates (x,y) may be expressed in terms of each other: y=y(x), yet—to our knowledge—such a functional relation has never been directly produced in literature, but only by way of a detour: first, equations of motion are solved, yielding x=x(t),y=y(t), and then one of the two relations is inverted, x(t)→t(x). In this paper, we present a closed-form functional relation which allows us to express coordinates of the particle’s orbit without the need to pass through the hourly law of motion.
Published: 2021
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34. Logical and Evidential Inconsistencies Meet: First Steps

Author: Nadia Ben Abdallah, Sébastien Destercke, Anne-Laure Jousselme, Frédéric Pichon, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [La Spezia] (CNR-ISMAR-SP), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et d'Automatique de l'Artois (LGI2A), Université d'Artois (UA), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: logic, Conflict, Computer science, Knowledge Bases, 02 engineering and technology, belief functions, Dempster-Shafer theory, Data science, inconsistency, Evidence theory, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Logical conjunction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 030212 general & internal medicine, Information fusion
Abstract: International audience; Measuring inconsistency has been and is still an active research topic in both logic and evidence theory. However, the two fields have developed distinct notions and measures of inconsistency, following different paths. In this paper, we attempt to build some first bridges between the two trends, suggesting some first means for one to enrich the other, and vice-versa.
Published: 2021
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35. At the nexus of three kingdoms: the genome of the mycorrhizal fungusGigaspora margaritaprovides insights into plant, endobacterial and fungal interactions

Author: Igor V. Grigoriev, Alessandra Salvioli di Fossalunga, Joelle Amselem, Xie Xianan, Anna Lipzen, Bernard Henrissat, Paola Bonfante, Stefano Ghignone, Kinga Sędzielewska Toro, Mara Novero, Emmanuelle Morin, Francis Martin, Francesco Venice, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology [University of Turin], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Department of Energy, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California (UC), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, University of Turin, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, and University of California
Subjects: Transposable element, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Transfer, Fungus, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Plant Roots, Microbiology, Genome, Horizontal, 03 medical and health sciences, Mycorrhizae, AMF, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Colonization, Glomeromycota, Symbiosis, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Gigaspora margarita, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, Base Sequence, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Microbiota, Human Genome, fungi, Plants, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, GENOME, Fungal, Horizontal gene transfer, Genome, Fungal, Gigasporaceae
Abstract: Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 - Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE (ANR-11- LABX-0002-01), Region Lorraine, European Regional Development Fund and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forest University; International audience; As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycotina) symbiotically colonize plant roots. AMF also possess their own microbiota, hosting some uncultivable endobacteria. Ongoing research has revealed the genetics underlying plant responses to colonization by AMF, but the fungal side of the relationship remains in the dark. Here, we sequenced the genome of Gigaspora margarita, a member of the Gigasporaceae in an early diverging group of the Glomeromycotina. In contrast to other AMF, G. margarita may host distinct endobacterial populations and possesses the largest fungal genome so far annotated (773.104 Mbp), with more than 64% transposable elements. Other unique traits of the G. margarita genome include the expansion of genes for inorganic phosphate metabolism, the presence of genes for production of secondary metabolites and a considerable number of potential horizontal gene transfer events. The sequencing of G. margarita genome reveals the importance of its immune system, shedding light on the evolutionary pathways that allowed early diverging fungi to interact with both plants and bacteria.
Published: 2019
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36. Elemental systematics of the calcitic skeleton of Corallium rubrum and implications for the Mg/Ca temperature proxy

Author: Paolo Montagna, Patrizia Ziveri, M. López Correa, Eric Douville, Nejib Kallel, Julie Trotter, Marco Taviani, Malcolm T. McCulloch, Sonia Chaabane, Cristina Linares, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Earth Sciences, UR GEOGLOB, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), The UWA Oceans Institute, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Coral, Analytical chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Bathyal zone, Petrography, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Mediterranean sea, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Calcite skeleton, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Growth rate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Corallium rubrum, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Trace elements, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Trace element, Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Red coral, Growth bands, Temperature proxy, chemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Seawater
Abstract: Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 The high-Mg calcite skeleton of Corallium rubrum was analyzed from living colonies collected from a wide range of depths (15 m to 607 m) and environmental settings in the Mediterranean Sea. An overarching goal was to better understand the calcification process and incorporation of elements into the slow-growing skeleton of both shallow and deep-water specimens, and more specifically, to clarify the veracity of geochemical proxies for reconstructing seawater temperatures. The coral internal structure including growth bands were determined by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and petrographic techniques. Trace elements (Li, B, Mg, Sr and Ba) compositions of the coral skeleton were obtained by solution and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show that the skeleton of the deep-water specimens has an internal microstructure similar to shallow-water colonies, with the medullar and the annular zones clearly distinguishable in both shallow and deep-water specimens. In general, the bands of the deep-water samples are very thin and equidistant compared to the irregular banding of the shallow-water specimens. Banding differences relate to the contrasting environmental dynamics, with the shallow-water specimens being exposed to large seasonal fluctuations compared to the relative stable conditions of those inhabiting bathyal depths. The inner medullar and outer annular portions differ in their trace element concentrations: Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Li/Ca ratios are higher in the medullar zone and seem to be influenced by growth kinetics, whereas B/Ca and Ba/Ca are similar in both zones and hence unaffected by growth rate. The variability of elemental ratios is lower in the deep-water specimens. Growth bands are highly correlated to Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Li/Ca, suggesting common mechanism(s) controlling the incorporation of these elements into the coral skeleton. Mg/Ca ratios were especially depleted in the dark bands. Although the mean Mg/Ca of each specimen is positively correlated to ambient seawater temperature, the intra-annual variations and amplitudes differ and do not correlate to the band widths. These findings suggest that intra- and inter-annual variations of Mg/Ca cannot be used to reconstruct a continuous time-series of long-term seasonal temperature records. However, the mean Mg/Ca composition can serve as a valuable proxy to estimate mean palaeoseawater temperature at a given site within the Mediterranean.
Published: 2019
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37. Limited influence of basalt weathering inputs on the seawater neodymium isotope composition of the northern Iceland Basin

Author: Martin Frank, Norbert Frank, Paolo Montagna, Moritz Zieringer, Peer Rahlf, A. Waldner, Christophe Colin, Edmund C. Hathorne, Rachel Morrison, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neodymium isotopes, Iceland Basin, Seawater, Water masses, Basalt, Water mass, Radiogenic nuclide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Ocean current, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Weathering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Water column, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Highlights • Icelandic input of radiogenic Nd essentially limited to coastal waters • Offshore bottom water Nd isotope signatures consistent with conservative mixing of intermediate and deep water masses • Decreased bottom water Nd concentrations likely reflect removal by particle scavenging Radiogenic neodymium (Nd) isotopes have been widely used as a proxy for tracing present and past water masses and ocean circulation, yet relatively few data exist for seawater from the important deep water formation area around Iceland. We have analyzed the dissolved seawater Nd isotope compositions (expressed as ƐNd) of 71 seawater samples, as well as Nd concentrations [Nd] of 38 seawater samples, collected at full water column profiles from 18 stations in the shelf area off the southern coast of Iceland. The goal of this work was to determine to what extent weathering inputs from Icelandic basalts, which are characterized by a distinctly radiogenic ƐNd signature within the North Atlantic, contribute to the Nd isotope and concentration signatures of water masses in the northern Iceland Basin. Radiogenic ƐNd values of up to −3.5 and elevated concentrations of up to 21 pmol/kg compared to nearby open ocean sites were found in surface waters at shallow sites closest to shore and to river mouths of Iceland. This documents partial dissolution of highly radiogenic basaltic particles, which are transported northwards by the coastal currents. A comparable signal is not observed, however, in offshore surface waters likely as a result of the advection of surface currents mainly directed onshore, thus isolating these sites from Icelandic weathering contributions. The dominance of Subpolar Mode Waters and Intermediate Water unaffected by Icelandic contributions in the offshore study area is supported by unradiogenic ƐNd signatures between −15 and −12. In agreement with hydrographic data, highly radiogenic bottom waters at one site on the Iceland-Faroe Ridge (ƐNd = −7.5) reveal the presence of almost pure Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) near its formation site further to the east. In bottom waters of all deeper offshore sites, the combination of depleted Nd concentrations and similar ƐNd values (averaging at ≃−11.75 for the R/V Poseidon data and ≃−11 for the R/V Thalassa data) confirms the rapid entrainment of Atlantic mid-depth and deep waters into the overflow waters, which is accompanied by near bottom Nd removal via particle scavenging. Overall, our findings demonstrate that at present, apart from the radiogenic isotope signature of ISOW itself, the direct contribution of radiogenic Nd originating from weathering of Iceland basalts to the water column of the Iceland Basin is limited. This supports the reliable application of ƐNd values to trace changes in the mixing of open North Atlantic water masses (including ISOW).
Published: 2019
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38. Palladium-ceria nanocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation in alkaline media: Optimization of the Pd–CeO2 interface

Author: Radenka Maric, Haoran Yu, Dario R. Dekel, Leonard J. Bonville, Hamish A. Miller, Uri Ash, Elena S. Davydova, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], European Project: 721065,CREATE, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Materials science, Kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen oxidation reaction, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ion exchange, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, palladium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, ceria, 0104 chemical sciences, Anode, Hydrogen oxidation reaction, Anion exchange membrane fuel cell Palladium, Ceria, Reactive spray deposition technology, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, anion exchange membrane fuel cell, 0210 nano-technology, reactive spray deposition technology, Palladium
Abstract: The development of Pt-free catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells is limited by the sluggish hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at the anode. Previously, the use of CeO2 as a catalyst promoter facilitated drastic ennoblement of Pd for the HOR kinetics in base media. the use of CeO2 in Pd-based electrocatalysts on the anode of H2-AEMFC has led to a 5-fold improvement of power density compared to the undoped Pd/C (1). A maximum power density of 1 W cm-2 was recently demonstrated using Pd-CeO2/C catalyst, with 85% reduction of anode catalyst loading (2). The catalytic promotion of the HOR kinetics of the Pd-CeO2/C composite was ascribed to the OH- donor effect of CeO2 (1). Furthermore, CeO2 could stabilize the surface PdO species (3), which has been shown to promote the HOR kinetics on Pd (4). Although the positive catalytic effect of ceria on the electrocatalytic activity of the metal-ceria composite has clear experimental evidence, the knowledge about the optimal Pd-ceria interface is still lacking. In the present work, Pd-CeO2/C composite electrocatalysts are synthesized using three different synthetic approaches based on the flame-based reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT) as a flexible technique enabling the regulation of the particle sizes and providing more instruments to optimize the Pd-CeO2 interface. The correlation between the Pd-CeO2 interaction and the HOR activity is established through comparisons of three types of Pd-CeO2/C synthesized catalysts using electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The distribution of Pd, Ce and carbon species in all the three types of catalysts is illustrated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping (Figure 1). Comparing to previous works on Pd-CeO2/C catalysts (1, 5), the RSDT process improves the mixing and interface between Pd and Ce with all three types of catalysts. Particularly, the Type 1 catalyst shows the most homogeneous contact between Pd and Ce. The Pd-CeO2 chemical interaction results in partial charge transfer from metallic Pd atoms to CeO2 particles and thus, higher concentration of Pd (II) suggests stronger interaction of Pd and CeO2 (1). Based on XPS results, the Type 1 catalyst shows the highest Pd (II)/Pd (0) of 82/18 compared to the Type 2 (59/41) and Type 3 (47/53), which is in line with STEM observations (Figure 1). The HOR activity for RSDT-derived catalysts follows the trend of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3. This trend corroborates well with the degree of Pd oxidation state (Pd (II)/Pd (0) ratio) and Pd-CeO2 interaction. The specific activity of Type 1 catalyst surpasses the reported activity achieved by wet-chemistry based method. The RSDT technique has shown its feasibility for the development of Pd-CeO2/C composite HOR catalysts. Further implementation of the RSDT process for the optimization of Pd-CeO2/C catalyst design should concentrate on obtaining homogeneous composites with the lowest particle sizes, intimate contact between ceria and Pd, and the optimal Pd-to-Ce ratio. Application of these optimized HOR catalysts in AEMFC testing is the subject of ongoing work in our laboratories. Figure 1. HAADF images and elemental mapping of three types of Pd-CeO2/C catalysts using XEDS. The elemental maps correspond to the square region in the HAADF images. Figure 2. Mass-normalized exchange current densities for three types of RSDT-derived Pd-CeO2/C catalysts compared with the state-of-the-art Pd-CeO2/C electrocatalyst. (1) References H. A. Miller, A. Lavacchi, F. Vizza, M. Marelli, F. Di Benedetto, F. D'Acapito, Y. Paska, M. Page and D. R. Dekel, Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 55, 20 (2016). T. J. Omasta, X. Peng, H. A. Miller, F. Vizza, L. Wang, J. R. Varcoe, D. R. Dekel and W. E. Mustain, Journal of The Electrochemical Society., 165, 15 (2018). S. Gil, M. Garcia-Vargas, F. L. Liotta, G. Pantaleo, M. Ousmane, L. Retailleau and A. Giroir-Fendler, Catalysts., 5, 2 (2015). P. L. Cabot, E. Guezala, J. C. Calpe, M. T. García and J. Casado, Journal of The Electrochemical Society., 147, 1 (2000). H. A. Miller, F. Vizza, M. Marelli, A. Zadick, L. Dubau, M. Chatenet, S. Geiger, S. Cherevko, H. Doan, R. K. Pavlicek, S. Mukerjee and D. R. Dekel, Nano Energy., 33 (2017). Figure 1
Published: 2019
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39. Sediment reworking by the burrowing polychaete Hediste diversicolor modulated by environmental and biological factors across the temperate North Atlantic. A tribute to Gaston Desrosiers

Author: Patrick Gillet, Ronnie N. Glud, Gary T. Banta, Erik Kristensen, Martin Solan, Renald Belley, Robert C. Aller, Anthony Maire, Jonas S. Gunnarsson, Michael J. Townsend, Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Lois Calder, Stina Lindqvist, Xavier de Montaudouin, Emma Michaud, Stephen Widdicombe, Judith R. Renz, Luca Giorgio Bellucci, Stefan Hulth, Karl Norling, Philippe Archambault, Jasmin A. Godbold, Susanne P. Eriksson, Stefan Forster, Nils Volkenborn, Georges Stora, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Roskilde University, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Rostock, Mer, molécules et santé (MMS UCO), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton, Nordic Centre of Earth Evolution (NORDCEE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Functional response group, Aquatic Science, Intraspecific variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioturbation, Sediment reworking, Hediste diversicolor, Functional effect group, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, BioturbationSediment reworking, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Nereis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, chemistry, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Particle mixing and irrigation of the seabed by benthic fauna (bioturbation) have major impacts on ecosystem functions such as remineralization of organic matter and sediment-water exchange. As a tribute to Prof. Gaston Desrosiers by the Nereis Park association, eighteen laboratories carried out a collaborative experiment to acquire a global snapshot of particle reworking by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor at 16 sites surrounding the Northern Atlantic. Organisms and soft sediments were collected during May – July at different geographical locations and, using a common laboratory protocol, particulate fluorescent tracers (‘luminophores’) were used to quantify particle transport over a 10-day period. Particle mixing was quantified using the maximum penetration depth of tracers (MPD), particle diffusive coefficients (Db), and non-local transport coefficients (r). Non-local coefficients (reflecting centimeter scale transport steps) ranged from 0.4 to 15 yr−1, and were not correlated across sites with any measured biological (biomass, biovolume) or environmental parameters (temperature, grain size, organic matter). Maximum penetration depths (MPD) averaged ~10.7 cm (6.5–14.5 cm), and were similar to the global average bioturbation depth inferred from short-lived radiochemical tracers. MPD was also not correlated with measures of size (individual biomass), but increased with grain size and decreased with temperature. Biodiffusion (Db) correlated inversely with individual biomass (size) and directly with temperature over the environmental range (Q10 ~ 1.7; 5–21 °C). The transport data were comparable in magnitude to rates reported for localized H. diversicolor populations of similar size, and confirmed some but not all correlations between sediment reworking and biological and environmental variables found in previous studies. The results imply that measures of particle reworking activities of a species from a single location can be generally extrapolated to different populations at similar conditions.
Published: 2021
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40. Anomaly detection for replacement model in hyperspectral imaging

Author: François Vincent, Stefania Matteoli, Olivier Besson, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: GLRT, Computer science, Detector, Hyperspectral imaging, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Anomaly detection, Power (physics), Control and Systems Engineering, Hyperspectral imagery, Signal Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Benchmark (computing), Traitement du signal et de l'image, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Additive model, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Replacement model, Software
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we consider Anomaly Detection in the hyperspectral context, and we extend the popular RX detector, initially designed under the standard additive model, to the replacement model case. Indeed, in this more realistic framework, the target, if present, is supposed to replace a part of the background. We show how to estimate this background power variation to improve the standard RX scheme. The obtained Replacement RX (RRX) is shown to be closed-form and outperforms the standard RX on a real data benchmark experiment.
Published: 2021
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41. Development of the RAPTOR suite of codes towards real-time reconstruction of JET discharges

Author: Piron C., Felici F., Faugeras B., Ferron N., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Meekes C., Piron L., Stancar Z., Valcarcel D., Voltolina D., Weiland M., JET Contributors, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Control, Analysis and Simulations for TOkamak Research (CASTOR), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom, Piron, C., Felici, F., Faugeras, B., Ferron, N., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Meekes, C., Piron, L., Stancar, Z., Valcarcel, D., Voltolina, D., Weiland, M., and JET Contributors
Subjects: Computer science, Tokamak, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational science, JET, MARTe2, RAPTOR, Real-time integrated control, 0103 physical sciences, Code (cryptography), General Materials Science, State observer, 010306 general physics, MATLAB, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, plasma, Civil and Structural Engineering, computer.programming_language, Jet (fluid), Mechanical Engineering, Suite, real-time reconstruction of JET discharges, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Magnetic flux, Visualization, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, computer, Rabbit (cipher)
Abstract: A well-coordinated control of plasma profiles and key integrated quantities allows to access a desired plasma scenario and to maintain its stationarity. This feature is crucial for the future fusion reactors, but also for those present experiments whose pulse budget is constrained by hard operational limits, like the neutron production or T inventory. This work presents the brand-new RAPTOR suite of codes, which has been developed for JET to combine real-time model-based predictions of the plasma state with the available diagnostic measurements. The suite embeds: an upgraded version of the equilibrium reconstruction EQUINOX code [J. Blum et al, JCP 231 (2012) 960-980], which constraints the equilibrium with both magnetics and pola-interferometric data; the brand-new FLUXMAP tool, which maps the diagnostic profiles from geometric to normalized magnetic flux coordinates; the TRANSP-benchmarked RABBIT code [M. Weiland et al, Nucl. Fusion 58 (2018) 082032], which reconstructs the depositions of the neutral beam heating, current drive and fast ion deposition but also the neutron rate; and the state-observer RAPTOR code [F. Felici et al. Nuclear Fusion 51(8) (2011) 083052], which combines the output from all these codes with a 1D transport code [F. Felici et.al, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 54(2) (2012) p.025002]. The suite is both implemented in MATLAB/Simulink® and it is being integrated in the C++ real-time MARTe2 [https://vcis.f4e.europa.eu/marte2-docs/master/html/index.html] framework. Thanks to its user-friendly interfaces, which are based on the MDSplus [J. Stillerman et al, Fus. Eng. Des. 43 3-4, (1999) 301-308] I/O and visualization tools, the RAPTORsuite can be used both offline, for a fast reconstruction of the plasma state, and in integrated control algorithms once it will be deployed in the JET real-time data network.
Published: 2021
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42. Identifying Priorities for the Protection of Deep Mediterranean Sea Ecosystems Through an Integrated Approach

Author: Emanuela Fanelli, Silvia Bianchelli, Federica Foglini, Miquel Canals, Giorgio Castellan, Queralt Güell-Bujons, Bella Galil, Menachem Goren, Julian Evans, Marie-Claire Fabri, Sandrine Vaz, Tiziana Ciuffardi, Patrick J. Schembri, Lorenzo Angeletti, Marco Taviani, Roberto Danovaro, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre atlantique, Nantes, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Endangered species, Biodiversity, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, marine conservation, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Mediterranean sea, deep-sea ecosystems, biodiversity, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Conservation biology, expert evaluation, Environmental resource management, drivers, multicriteria decision analysis, ocean, Geography, Habitat, climate-change, Aquatic ecology, Science, protection guidelines, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ocean Engineering, QH1-199.5, Aquatic Science, madrepora-oculata, 010603 evolutionary biology, Freshwater, decision-analysis, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, biodiversity hotspots, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, areas, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 15. Life on land, Biodiversity hotspot, 13. Climate action, hotspots, Marine protected area, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Marine sciences, stakeholder preferences, marine protected areas
Abstract: 16 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.698890/full#supplementary-material.-- Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author, Benthic habitats of the deep Mediterranean Sea and the biodiversity they host are increasingly jeopardized by increasing human pressures, both direct and indirect, which encompass fisheries, chemical and acoustic pollution, littering, oil and gas exploration and production and marine infrastructures (i.e., cable and pipeline laying), and bioprospecting. To this, is added the pervasive and growing effects of human-induced perturbations of the climate system. International frameworks provide foundations for the protection of deep-sea ecosystems, but the lack of standardized criteria for the identification of areas deserving protection, insufficient legislative instruments and poor implementation hinder an efficient set up in practical terms. Here, we discuss the international legal frameworks and management measures in relation to the status of habitats and key species in the deep Mediterranean Basin. By comparing the results of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and of expert evaluation (EE), we identify priority deep-sea areas for conservation and select five criteria for the designation of future protected areas in the deep Mediterranean Sea. Our results indicate that areas (1) with high ecological relevance (e.g., hosting endemic and locally endangered species and rare habitats),(2) ensuring shelf-slope connectivity (e.g., submarine canyons), and (3) subject to current and foreseeable intense anthropogenic impacts, should be prioritized for conservation. The results presented here provide an ecosystem-based conservation strategy for designating priority areas for protection in the deep Mediterranean Sea, This study was supported by the DG ENV project IDEM (Implementation of the MSFD to the Deep Mediterranean Sea; contract EU No. 11.0661/2017/750680/SUB/EN V.C2). MC and QG-B acknowledge support from Generalitat de Catalunya autonomous government through its funding scheme to excellence research groups (Grant 2017 SGR 315), With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2021
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43. The structural connectome constrains fast brain dynamics

Author: Rosaria Rucco, Marianna Liparoti, Caio Seguin, Viktor K. Jirsa, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Andrew Zalesky, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez, Simona Bonavita, Mario Quarantelli, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Melbourne, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Institute of biostructures and bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Otten, Lisa, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Seguin, Caio, Rucco, Rosaria, Liparoti, Marianna, Troisi Lopez, Emahnuel, Bonavita, Simona, Quarantelli, Mario, Sorrentino, Giuseppe, Jirsa, Viktor, and Zalesky, Andrew
Subjects: Male, magnetoencephalography, 0301 basic medicine, Brain activity and meditation, computational biology, 0302 clinical medicine, structural connectome, neuronal avalanches, Biology (General), Neurons, Systems neuroscience, medicine.diagnostic_test, brain dynamics, brain networks, human, systems biology, systems neuroscience, Adult, Brain, Connectome, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Nerve Net, Systems Biology, General Neuroscience, Human Connectome, General Medicine, Human brain, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, Computational and Systems Biology, Human, Tractography, QH301-705.5, Science, Short Report, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, brain dynamic, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, brain network, General Immunology and Microbiology, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 030104 developmental biology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: International audience; Brain activity during rest displays complex, rapidly evolving patterns in space and time. Structural connections comprising the human connectome are hypothesized to impose constraints on the dynamics of this activity. Here, we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to quantify the extent to which fast neural dynamics in the human brain are constrained by structural connections inferred from diffusion MRI tractography. We characterize the spatio-temporal unfolding of whole-brain activity at the millisecond scale from source-reconstructed MEG data, estimating the probability that any two brain regions will significantly deviate from baseline activity in consecutive time epochs. We find that the structural connectome relates to, and likely affects, the rapid spreading of neuronal avalanches, evidenced by a significant association between these transition probabilities and structural connectivity strengths (r=0.37, p
Published: 2021
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44. Contrasted mixing efficiency in energetic versus quiescent regions: Insights from microstructure measurements in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Author: Bruno Ferron, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Yannis Cuypers, Katrin Schroeder, Anda Vladoiu, Stephane Leizour, Mireno Borghini, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Marine Science Institute (CNR—ISMAR), European Project: 654410,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,JERICO-NEXT(2015), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flux, Stratification (water), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Turbulent diapycnal mixing, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Microstructure measurements, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Richardson number, Turbulence, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Dissipation, Mixing efficiency, Oceanography, Orders of magnitude (time), 13. Climate action, Turbulence kinetic energy, Thermocline
Abstract: Microstructure and CTD/LADCP measurements from the Western Mediterranean basin east of revealed two types of dynamical regions (Ferron et al., 2017, Geophysical Research Letters, 44:7845-7854, Ferron et al., 2017), contrasted in terms of current magnitude, vertical shear, stratification and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate: energetic regions (Corsica Channel, Egadi Valley and Sicily Channel) and quiescent regions (Ligurian Sea, around Sardinia, and Tyrrhenian Sea). On average, the current speed and the buoyancy frequency in the energetic regions were twice as large as in the quiescent regions, and the vertical shear was five times as large. Turbulence properties inferred from the microstructure measurements were also contrasted, dissipation rates in the energetic regions being two orders of magnitude larger than in the quiescent regions. The present study investigates the variability of the dissipation flux coefficient, a measure of the mixing efficiency, in a rich assortment of dynamical regimes. This dataset covers the full range of turbulence intensities observed in previous studies based on field measurements, direct numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments alike. The dependency of the dissipation flux coefficient as a function of turbulence intensity for the quiescent and energetic regions frames the previously observed lower and upper bounds, respectively. A contrasting behaviour was revealed between the two types of regions. In the quiescent regions, the dissipation flux coefficient linearly decreases on average by one order of magnitude with turbulence intensity increasing by four orders of magnitude. On the other hand, in the energetic regions the dissipation flux coefficient exhibits a nearly constant value over 4 decades of turbulence intensity, before decreasing for very strong turbulence intensities. In contrast with other studies, this dataset shows no relationship between the Richardson number and the dissipation flux coefficient. This may be due to inadequate vertical sampling resolution of the currents, or to the high diversity of sampled turbulent regimes, contrary to previous studies focused on a single type of dynamical region or framework (such as the thermocline or shear instabilities).
Published: 2021
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45. Towards a Federated Learning Approach for Privacy-aware Analysis of Semantically Enriched Mobility Data

Author: Karine Zeitouni, Chiara Renso, Nazim Agoulmine, Zaineb Chelly Dagdia, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CNR Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse [Pisa] (IGG-CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Informatique, BioInformatique, Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Mobility, Information privacy, Focus (computing), Computer science, business.industry, Mobility data, Federated learning, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, Supercomputer, Data science, Trajectories, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Privacy, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Research questions, Mobile technology, business, Federated Learning
Abstract: International audience; Today, Artificial Intelligence is still facing a major challenge which is the fact of handling and strengthening data privacy. This challenge rises from the collected data which are associated with the fast development of mobile technologies, the huge capacities of high performance computing, and the large-scale storage in the cloud. In this paper, we focus on a possible solution to this challenge which is the use and application of federated learning. Specifically, beyond the federated learning based approaches proposed in different application domains, we mainly focus and discuss a federated learning approach for privacy-aware analysis of semantically enriched mobility data. We introduce the main motivation and opportunities of applying federated learning in mobility data, and highlight the main concepts and basics of our approach by describing our objectives and our approaches' requirements. We, also, describe our workplan that will permit achieving our predefined objectives via the setup of several research questions.
Published: 2021
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46. Identification of an Oligosaccharide Dehydrogenase from Pycnoporus Cinnabarinus Provides Insights into Fungal Breakdown of Lignocellulose

Author: François Piumi, Cécile Exertier, Anne Lomascolo, David Navarro, Dehbia Chena, Annick Turbé-Doan, Giuliano Sciara, Linda Celeste Montemiglio, Carmelinda Savino, Elena Gugole, Beatrice Vallone, Ida Freda, Eric Record, Gabriele Cerutti, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité biologie du développement et biotechnologie, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biochemical Sciences 'Rossi Fanelli', Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, biology, Disaccharide, Active site, Glycosidic bond, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Redox enzymes, biology.organism_classification, Lignocellulose degradation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oligosaccharide dehydrogenase, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Glucose dehydrogenase, Oxidoreductase, biology.protein, Laminaribiose, X-ray crystallography
Abstract: Background: Fungal glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) are FAD-dependent enzymes belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily. These enzymes are classified in the “Auxiliary Activity” family 3 (AA3) of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database, and more specifically in subfamily AA3_2, that also includes the closely related flavoenzymes aryl-alcohol oxidase and glucose 1-oxidase. Based on sequence similarity to known fungal GDHs, an AA3_2 enzyme active on glucose was identified in the genome of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, a model Basidiomycete able to completely degrade lignin.Results: In our work, substrate screening and functional characterization showed an unexpected preferential activity of this enzyme toward oligosaccharides containing a b(1à3) glycosidic bond, with the highest efficiency observed for the disaccharide laminaribiose. Despite its sequence similarity to GDHs, we defined a novel enzymatic activity, namely oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH), for this enzyme. The crystallographic structures of ODH in the sugar-free form and in complex with glucose and laminaribiose unveiled a peculiar saccharide recognition mechanism which is not shared with previously characterized AA3 oxidoreductases and accounts for ODH preferential activity toward oligosaccharides. The sugar molecules in the active site of ODH are mainly stabilized through CH-p interactions with aromatic residues rather than through hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues, as observed instead for the fungal glucose dehydrogenases and oxidases characterized to date. Finally, three sugar-binding sites were identified on ODH external surface, which were not previously observed and might be of importance in the physiological scenario.Conclusions: Structure-function analysis of ODH is consistent with its role as an auxiliary enzyme in lignocellulose degradation and unveils yet another enzymatic function within the AA3 family of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database. Our findings allow deciphering the molecular determinants of substrate binding and provide insight into the physiological role of ODH, opening new perspectives to exploit biodiversity for lignocellulose transformation into fuels and chemicals.
Published: 2021

47. Productivity and Change in Fish and Squid in the Southern Ocean

Author: Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Henrik Christiansen, Andrew J. Constable, Laura Ghigliotti, Rowan Trebilco, Cassandra M. Brooks, Cédric Cotte, Thomas Desvignes, Tracey Dornan, Christopher D. Jones, Philippe Koubbi, Ryan A. Saunders, Anneli Strobel, Marino Vacchi, Anton P. van de Putte, Andrea Walters, Claire M. Waluda, Briannyn L. Woods, José C. Xavier, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado [Boulder], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Oregon [Eugene], School of Biological Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (IFREMER BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-MAWSONI, TERRA-NOVA BAY, 01 natural sciences, LIFE-HISTORY CONNECTIVITY, QH540-549.5, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, Fisheries and climate change, SPECIES NOTOTHENIA-ROSSII, climate change, DUMONT DURVILLE SEA, marine ecosystem assessment, PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH, SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, notothenioids, POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE, squid, Krill, Evolution, Population, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, fisheries, conservation management, myctophids, Antarctic, QH359-425, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Science & Technology, ICEFISH CHAENOCEPHALUS-ACERATUS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, 13. Climate action, PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM PISCES, Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important and vulnerable to global drivers of change, yet they remain challenging to study. Fish and squid make up a significant portion of the biomass within the Southern Ocean, filling key roles in food webs from forage to mid-trophic species and top predators. They comprise a diverse array of species uniquely adapted to the extreme habitats of the region. Adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins, lipid-retention, extended larval phases, delayed senescence, and energy-conserving life strategies equip Antarctic fish and squid to withstand the dark winters and yearlong subzero temperatures experienced in much of the Southern Ocean. In addition to krill exploitation, the comparatively high commercial value of Antarctic fish, particularly the lucrative toothfish, drives fisheries interests, which has included illegal fishing. Uncertainty about the population dynamics of target species and ecosystem structure and function more broadly has necessitated a precautionary, ecosystem approach to managing these stocks and enabling the recovery of depleted species. Fisheries currently remain the major local driver of change in Southern Ocean fish productivity, but global climate change presents an even greater challenge to assessing future changes. Parts of the Southern Ocean are experiencing ocean-warming, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula, while other areas, such as the Ross Sea shelf, have undergone cooling in recent years. These trends are expected to result in a redistribution of species based on their tolerances to different temperature regimes. Climate variability may impair the migratory response of these species to environmental change, while imposing increased pressures on recruitment. Fisheries and climate change, coupled with related local and global drivers such as pollution and sea ice change, have the potential to produce synergistic impacts that compound the risks to Antarctic fish and squid species. The uncertainty surrounding how different species will respond to these challenges, given their varying life histories, environmental dependencies, and resiliencies, necessitates regular assessment to inform conservation and management decisions. Urgent attention is needed to determine whether the current management strategies are suitably precautionary to achieve conservation objectives in light of the impending changes to the ecosystem.
Published: 2021
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48. Anisotropic Transverse Confinement Design for Electrically Pumped 850 nm VCSELs Tuned by an Intra Cavity Liquid-Crystal Cell

Author: Francesco Bertazzi, Benjamin Boisnard, Thierry Camps, Jean-Baptiste Doucet, Benjamin Reig, Véronique Bardinal, Andrea Simaz, Alberto Tibaldi, Pierluigi Debernardi, Michele Goano, CNR Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering [Torino] (CNR | IEIIT), CNR Istituto di elettronica e di ingegneria dell'informazione e delle telecomunicazioni (CNR | IEIIT), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), ANR-15-CE19-0012,DOCT-VCSEL,Tomographie par Cohérence Optique portable à source accordable MEMS-VCSEL pour l'analyse de la peau(2015), Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT-CNR), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Materials science, Multiphysics, Physics::Optics, Optical power, 02 engineering and technology, semiconductor lasers, Grating, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Liquid crystal, law, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, liquid crystal devices, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, simulation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Transverse plane, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Liquid crystal devices, Semiconductor lasers, Simulation, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Relying on preliminary experiments, in this work we design a tunable 850 nm laser based on a hybrid combination of a liquid crystal micro-cell with nanoimprinted grating and an electrically-pumped GaAs half-VCSEL. The optical design is challenging due to the inherent tolerances of this hybrid technology, the presence of metals in the cavity and the need for single fundamental extraordinary mode emission over the whole tuning range. To ensure proper operation, we introduce for the first time the new concept of anisotropic transverse confinement design. The overall performance is verified by our multiphysics VCSEL suite. Beyond tuning features, we predict side mode suppression ratio and optical power under all working conditions, comparing the performance of liquid crystals with different clearing temperatures. The results qualifies these lasers as viable tunable sources with interesting performance and complementary features compared to other technologies.
Published: 2021
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49. Theory and modelling activities in support of the ITER disruption mitigation system

Author: Nardon, E, Huijsmans, G, Peysson, Y, Reux, C, Matsuyama, A, Lehnen, M, Aleynikov, P, Artola, F, Bandaru, V, Hoelzl, M, Papp, G, Bardsley, O, Kong, M, Beidler, M, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Spong, D, Bonfiglio, Daniele, Boozer, A, Paz-Soldan, C, Breizman, B, Kiramov, D, Brennan, D, Ferraro, N, Jardin, S, Liu, C, GARLAND, N., Tang, X., Decker, J., Sommariva, C., Embreus, O, Harvey, R., Hu, D, Izzo, V., Kim, C., Konovalov, S, Lao, L, Liu, Y, Lyons, B, Mcclenaghan, J, Parks, P, Lee, S, Martín-Solís, J, Mcdevitt, C, Samulyak, R, Strauss, H., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), ITER organization (ITER), Max Planck Institute for Plasma physics (IPP-MPG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Columbia University [New York], Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton University, Theoretical Division [LANL], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], CompX, Beihang University (BUAA), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), SLS2 Consulting (San Diego), National Research Centre 'Kurchakov Institute' (NRC KI), General Atomics [San Diego], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Florida A&M University, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), HRS Fusion, Euratom, European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and University of California
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In 2018, an international Task Force (TF) dedicated to the ITER Disruption Mitigation System (DMS) has been formed. The present paper summarizes Theory and Modelling (T&M) activities performed within this TF. The ITER DMS is planned to rely on Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI). The most critical issue, at present, is that of Runaway Electrons (REs). Indeed, recent T&M work suggests that previously envisaged means of RE avoidance or mitigation may prove inefficient. However, RE simulations have not yet taken into account the possibly beneficial role of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. Furthermore, new promising schemes for RE avoidance or mitigation are being investigated. These comprise, among others: 1) a prompt plasma dilution before the disruption by means of pure H2 SPI in order to suppress hot tail RE generation, and 2) should a RE beam form, a "cleanout" of the beam's companion plasma, via (again) pure H2 SPI into the beam, which may lead to a benign beam termination. The paper also discusses the status of 3D MHD modelling. The JOREK, M3D-C 1 and NIMROD codes have been extended in recent years to be able to simulate SPI. Good cooperation exists between
Published: 2021

50. Scenario preparation for the observation of alpha-driven instabilities and transport of alpha particles in JET DT plasmas

Author: Dumont, R, Keeling, D, Fitzgerald, M, Challis, C, Fil, N, Giroud, C, Hawkes, N, Kiptily, V, Lennholm, M, Mailloux, J, Sharapov, S, Baruzzo, M, Piron, L, Bonofiglo, P., Dreval, M, Eriksson, J, Giacomelli, L, Nocente, M, Goloborodko, V, Johnson, T, Kazakov, Y, Lerche, E, Ferreira, J, Nabais, F, Poradziński, M, Puglia, P, Weisen, H, Solano, E, Tinguely, R, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton University, Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Faculty of Physics [Kyiv], Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Fusion Plasma Physics [Stockholm] (KTH), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), The JET contributors, European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph]
Abstract: article de proceedings; International audience; In next-step fusion devices, toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) can be excited by the alpha particles resulting from DT fusion reactions, and may induce a significant redistribution of the energetic ions present in the discharge. During the last JET deuterium campaigns, a substantial experimental effort has been devoted to preparing scenarios maximizing the likelihood of observing alpha-driven TAEs in a future JET DT campaign. Discharges at low densities, large core temperatures associated with the presence of internal transport barriers and characterised by good energetic ion confinement have been performed. ICRH has been used in minority heating regimes to probe the TAE stability, and has resulted in the observation of core-localized modes. Significant progress has been achieved recently in order to make the scenario ready to be run in DT. This has included the test of ELM control methods, afterglow triggering using a dedicated real-time algorithm, and fuel introduction with T-compatible gas injectors. Extrapolated simulations of the best performing pulses to DT motivate the completion of this preparation effort in view of forthcoming JET DT campaigns.
Published: 2021

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