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The article attempts to analyze publications that were published in Polish Internet publications and were devoted to the topic of the presence of Ukrainian migrants (and from 24.02 - refugees) at the Polish labor market. A contextual comparison of the situation of Ukrainian citizens in Poland before and after the beginning of the Russian invasion was carried out, changes in the structure of their employment and prospects for further employment were identified. The list of social guarantees provided by the Polish government to ensure maximum adaptation of Ukrainian citizens in the social and labor environment is considered. The potential threats and fears arising in the Polish society in connection with the large-scale immigration of the Ukrainian population are indicated. The purpose of the article is to highlight the current situation of Ukrainian migrants on the Polish labor market and the main problems they face in the process of employment, as well as to study the transformation of employment practices, sociodemographic characteristics and forecasts in the field of employment. The conducted analysis shows that Ukrainian workers were and remain in demand on the Polish labor market, but some aspects of their employment (gender ratio) and, accordingly, the sphere of labor activity have changed. It is noted that the military actions, which are currently the main reason for the departure of Ukrainians (to a greater extent - Ukrainian women) abroad, were added to socio-economic motives, namely: a higher level of wages and quality of life in a neighboring country, more favorable employment conditions, geographical and cultural proximity. The author emphasizes that the results of the analyzed studies conducted at the time of writing the article, regarding the positions held by Ukrainian migrants, may change somewhat after the collection of statistical data by the Polish services responsible for the tax sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

75 years have passed since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, yet its demographic consequences, felt by Russia throughout all of this time, even now have not been completely overcome. Using general census data starting with the 1939 census, the article traces the fate of the generations who fought (those born between 1890-1926). It is shown that 82% of women and only 53% of men registered in the 1939 census survived until 1959. The resulting gender imbalance caused a sharp increase in the proportion of single women as a result of widowhood, and due to a shortage of suitors in the marriage market the share of non-marital births increased significantly. The war set in motion an oscillating cycle of the annual number of births which continues to this day. A relatively small number of deaths in the postwar decades, due to the fact that a huge number of people killed during the war did not live to a normal age of death, created the illusion of a safe balance of births and deaths in the 1970’s-1980's. Cyclical fluctuations in the size of generations induced by the war resulted in a wave-like dynamics of the working population and dependency ratio, complicating the functioning of the labor market and the implementation of economic and social programs, effects which are felt even in our day, for example, in the dynamics of pension contingents. The author discusses the reasons for the huge military losses and suggests that if the war had not been preceded by erroneous decisions of the country’s political leaders, these losses could have been much smaller.