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2,398 results on '"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasil"'

1. Survey of selected viral agents (herpesvirus, adenovirus and hepatitis E virus) in liver and lung samples of cetaceans, Brazil

Author: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Sacristán, Carlos [0000-0002-6111-6301], Ewbank, Ana Carolina [0000-0002-5617-9287], Duarte-Benvenuto, Aricia [0000-0002-2172-0838], Sacristán, Irene [0000-0002-4169-4884], Zamana-Ramblas, Roberta [0000-0002-4422-321X], Esperón, Fernando [0000-0002-8810-5071], Sacristán, Carlos, Ewbank, Ana Carolina, Duarte-Benvenuto, Aricia, Sacristán, Irene, Zamana-Ramblas, Roberta, Costa-Silva, S, Lanes Ribeiro, V, Bertozzi, C P, Del Rio do Valle, R, Castilho, P V, Colosio, A C, Marcondes, M. C. C., Lailson-Brito, J, De Freitas Azevedo, A., Carvalho, Vitor L., Pessi, C F, Cremer, M, Esperón, Fernando, Catão-Dias, J. L., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Sacristán, Carlos [0000-0002-6111-6301], Ewbank, Ana Carolina [0000-0002-5617-9287], Duarte-Benvenuto, Aricia [0000-0002-2172-0838], Sacristán, Irene [0000-0002-4169-4884], Zamana-Ramblas, Roberta [0000-0002-4422-321X], Esperón, Fernando [0000-0002-8810-5071], Sacristán, Carlos, Ewbank, Ana Carolina, Duarte-Benvenuto, Aricia, Sacristán, Irene, Zamana-Ramblas, Roberta, Costa-Silva, S, Lanes Ribeiro, V, Bertozzi, C P, Del Rio do Valle, R, Castilho, P V, Colosio, A C, Marcondes, M. C. C., Lailson-Brito, J, De Freitas Azevedo, A., Carvalho, Vitor L., Pessi, C F, Cremer, M, Esperón, Fernando, and Catão-Dias, J. L.
Abstract: Hepatic and pulmonary lesions are common in cetaceans, despite their poorly understood viral etiology. Herpesviruses (HV), adenoviruses (AdV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are emerging agents in cetaceans, associated with liver and/or pulmonary damage in mammals. We isolated and molecularly tested DNA for HV and AdV (n = 218 individuals; 187 liver and 108 lung samples) and RNA for HEV (n = 147 animals; 147 liver samples) from six cetacean families. All animals stranded or were bycaught in Brazil between 2001 and 2021. Positive-animals were analyzed by histopathology. Statistical analyses assessed if the prevalence of viral infection could be associated with the variables: species, family, habitat, region, sex, and age group. All samples were negative for AdV and HEV. Overall, 8.7% (19/218) of the cetaceans were HV-positive (4.8% [9/187] liver and 11.1% [12/108] lung), without HV-associated lesions. HV-prevalence was statistically significant higher in Pontoporiidae (19.2%, 10/52) when compared to Delphinidae (4.1%, 5/121), and in southeastern (17.1%, 13/76)-the most industrialized Brazilian region-when compared to the northeastern region (2.4%, 3/126). This study broadens the herpesvirus host range in cetaceans, including its description in pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Further studies must elucidate herpesvirus drivers in cetaceans.
Published: 2024

2. On the Effect of Vibrotactile Stimulation in Essential Tremor

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Cabral, Ariana Moura, Lora-Millán, Julio Salvador, Alves Pereira, Adriano, Rocón, Eduardo, Oliveira Andrade, Adriano de, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Cabral, Ariana Moura, Lora-Millán, Julio Salvador, Alves Pereira, Adriano, Rocón, Eduardo, and Oliveira Andrade, Adriano de
Abstract: [Background]: Vibrotactile stimulation has been studied for tremor, but there is little evidence for Essential Tremor (ET)., [Methods]: This research employed a dataset from a previous study, with data collected from 18 individuals subjected to four vibratory stimuli. To characterise tremor changes before, during, and after stimuli, time and frequency domain features were estimated from the signals. Correlation and regression analyses verified the relationship between features and clinical tremor scores., [Results]: Individuals responded differently to vibrotactile stimulation. The 250 Hz stimulus was the only one that reduced tremor amplitude after stimulation. Compared to the baseline, the 250 Hz and random frequency stimulation reduced tremor peak power. The clinical scores and amplitude-based features were highly correlated, yielding accurate regression models (mean squared error of 0.09., [Conclusions]: The stimulation frequency of 250 Hz has the greatest potential to reduce tremors in ET. The accurate regression model and high correlation between estimated features and clinical scales suggest that prediction models can automatically evaluate and control stimulus-induced tremor. A limitation of this research is the relatively reduced sample size.
Published: 2024

3. Numerical assessment of tidal potential energy in the Brazilian Equatorial Shelf

Author: Petrobras, Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Commission, Aguiar, Alessandro L., Marta-Almeida, Martinho, Cirano, Mauro, Pereira, Janini, da Cunha, Letícia Cotrim, Petrobras, Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Commission, Aguiar, Alessandro L., Marta-Almeida, Martinho, Cirano, Mauro, Pereira, Janini, and da Cunha, Letícia Cotrim
Abstract: The Brazilian Equatorial Shelf (BES) is one among the macrotidal regions worldwide. This study used a high-resolution numerical configuration of the ocean model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) forced with realistic surface and lateral forcing, as well as with tides and river discharges. Tidal heights of more than 2 m were found in three regions in BES due to the large tidal amplification across the estuarine channels inside each region: Amazon, Pará, and Maranhão, and for a considerable time fraction. Heights between 4 and 5 m occurred with a frequency greater than 20%–30% in some regions. All hypothetical barrages proposed in this study were capable of an annual power production, in two-way mode, higher than La Rance (533 GWh year, two-way operation, France) and Sihwa (553 GWh year, flood-only operation, South Korea), except one with the same production as Sihwa barrage. The installation effort was evaluated using the Gibrat ratio, the ratio between the length of the barrage and its annual energy production. Among the proposed barrages, the most efficient ones have an annual power generation greater than 1500 GWh year and a Gibrat ratios between 1.17 and 3.26, much lower than the Gibrat ratio of Sihwa tidal barrage.
Published: 2024

4. Cortistatin as a Novel Multimodal Therapy for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Author: Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Serrano-Martínez, Ignacio, Pedreño, M., Castillo-González, Julia, Ferraz-de-Paula, Viviane, Vargas Rodríguez, Pablo, Forte-Lago, Irene, Caro, Marta, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Villadiego, Javier, Peñalver, Pablo, Morales, Juan Carlos, Delgado, Mario, González-Rey, Elena, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Serrano-Martínez, Ignacio, Pedreño, M., Castillo-González, Julia, Ferraz-de-Paula, Viviane, Vargas Rodríguez, Pablo, Forte-Lago, Irene, Caro, Marta, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Villadiego, Javier, Peñalver, Pablo, Morales, Juan Carlos, Delgado, Mario, and González-Rey, Elena
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex disorder characterized by the impairment of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. PD has duplicated its global burden in the last few years, becoming the leading neurological disability worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative approaches that target multifactorial underlying causes to potentially prevent or limit disease progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory responses may play a pivotal role in the neurodegenerative processes that occur during the development of PD. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide that has shown potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects in preclinical models of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. The goal of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of cortistatin in a well-established preclinical mouse model of PD induced by acute exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methil-4-phenyl1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We observed that treatment with cortistatin mitigated the MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their connections to the striatum. Consequently, cortistatin administration improved the locomotor activity of animals intoxicated with MPTP. In addition, cortistatin diminished the presence and activation of glial cells in the affected brain regions of MPTP-treated mice, reduced the production of immune mediators, and promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors in the striatum. In an in vitro model of PD, treatment with cortistatin also demonstrated a reduction in the cell death of dopaminergic neurons that were exposed to the neurotoxin. Taken together, these findings suggest that cortistatin could emerge as a promising new therapeutic agent that combines anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties to regulate the progression of PD at multiple levels.
Published: 2024

5. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author: Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., and Jochum, Malte
Abstract: Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
Published: 2024

6. Unveiling the Biomass Valorization: The Microbial Diversity in Promoting a Sustainable Socio-economy

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Monclaro, Antonielle V. [0000-0001-8917-7416], Gomes, Helder Andrey R. [0000-0002-6141-2362], Duarte, Gilvan Caetano [0000-0001-8398-9050], Filho, Edivaldo [0000-0003-4947-8753], Monclaro, Antonielle V., Gomes, Helder Andrey R., Duarte, Gilvan Caetano, de Souza Moreira, Leonora R., Filho, Edivaldo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Monclaro, Antonielle V. [0000-0001-8917-7416], Gomes, Helder Andrey R. [0000-0002-6141-2362], Duarte, Gilvan Caetano [0000-0001-8398-9050], Filho, Edivaldo [0000-0003-4947-8753], Monclaro, Antonielle V., Gomes, Helder Andrey R., Duarte, Gilvan Caetano, de Souza Moreira, Leonora R., and Filho, Edivaldo
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is of significant industrial and scientific interest. Residues derived from different activities (agro-industrial work, food consumption, wood use, urban solid waste, etc.) and their subsequent use are key to extending circularity models to the different technological sectors that are beginning to implement circular economy cycles. Biorefineries are integrated platforms that value waste conversion into various value-added products. The generation of bioproducts derived from lignocellulosic waste (green fuels, green chemicals, and biomaterials) has promoted a shift from a fossil fuel–based economy to a more sustainable one. In addition, integrating biorefineries into the circular economy framework promotes a comprehensive approach to resource management, waste reduction, and sustainable development, which contributes to the overall resilience and efficiency of societal systems. There has been increased focus on the application of “canonical microorganisms” for residual biomass conversion, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast. However, there is a plethora of other potential microorganisms that can be candidates for new biotechnological applications. This review aims to describe the valorization of different sources of lignocellulosic biomass in the global context, with a focus on Brazilian practice, and to emphasize how the use of microbial diversity is critical to enhancing current technologies, such as advanced liquid fuels. Finally, there is a discussion of the potential of anaerobic fungi, archaea, protists, and oomycetes as microbial product conversion technologies.
Published: 2024

7. Aging in Some Opinion Formation Models: A Comparative Study

Author: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Llabrés, Jaume, Oliver-Bonafoux, Sara, Anteneodo, Celia, Toral, Raúl, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Llabrés, Jaume, Oliver-Bonafoux, Sara, Anteneodo, Celia, and Toral, Raúl
Abstract: Changes of mind can become less likely the longer an agent has adopted a given opinion state. This resilience or inertia to change has been called “aging”. We perform a comparative study of the effects of aging on the critical behavior of two standard opinion models with pairwise interactions. One of them is the voter model, which is a two-state model with a dynamic that proceeds via social contagion; another is the so-called kinetic exchange model, which allows a third (neutral) state, and its formed opinion depends on the previous opinions of both interacting agents. Furthermore, in the noisy version of both models, random opinion changes are also allowed, regardless of the interactions. Due to aging, the probability of changing diminishes with the age, and to take this into account, we consider algebraic and exponential kernels. We investigate the situation where aging acts only on pairwise interactions. Analytical predictions for the critical curves of the order parameters are obtained for the opinion dynamics on a complete graph, in good agreement with agent-based simulations. For both models considered, the consensus is optimized via an intermediate value of the parameter that rules the rate of decrease of the aging factor.
Published: 2024

8. Identification of constrained sequence elements across 239 primate genomes

Author: Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Ulirsch, Jacob C., Rashid, Sabrina, Ameen, Mohamed, Sundaram, Laksshman, Hickey, Glenn, Cox, Anthony J., Gao, Hong, Kumar, Arvind, Aguet, Francois, Christmas, Matthew J., Clawson, Hiram, Haeussler, Maximilian, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Karakikes, Ioannis, Wang, Kevin C., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Siepel, Adam, Kundaje, Anshul, Paten, Benedict, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Farh, Kyle Kai-How, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Fundación la Caixa, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs, Wenner-Gren Foundation, Leakey Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, National Institute on Aging (US), Swedish Research Council, National Research Foundation Singapore, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Kuderna, Lukas F. K. [0000-0002-9992-9295], Kuhlwilm, Martin [0000-0002-0115-1797], Valenzuela, Alejandro [0000-0001-6120-6246], Juan, David [0000-0003-1912-9667], Lizano, Esther [0000-0003-3304-9807], Navarro, Arcadi [0000-0003-2162-8246], Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs [0000-0002-5597-3075], Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Ulirsch, Jacob C., Rashid, Sabrina, Ameen, Mohamed, Sundaram, Laksshman, Hickey, Glenn, Cox, Anthony J., Gao, Hong, Kumar, Arvind, Aguet, Francois, Christmas, Matthew J., Clawson, Hiram, Haeussler, Maximilian, Janiak, Mareike C., Kuhlwilm, Martin, Orkin, Joseph D., Bataillon, Thomas, Manu, Shivakumara, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Bergman, Juraj, Rousselle, Marjolaine, Silva, Felipe Ennes, Agueda, Lidia, Blanc, Julie, Gut, Marta, Vries, Dorien de, Goodhead, Ian, Harris, R. Alan, Raveendran, Muthuswamy, Jensen, Axel, Chuma, Idriss S., Horvath, Julie E., Hvilsom, Christina, Juan, David, Frandsen, Peter, Schraiber, Joshua G., Melo, Fabiano R. de, Bertuol, Fabrício, Byrne, Hazel, Sampaio, Iracilda, Farias, Izeni, Valsecchi, João, Messias, Malu, Silva, Maria N. F. da, Trivedi, Mihir, Rossi, Rogerio, Hrbek, Tomas, Andriaholinirina, Nicole, Rabarivola, Clément J., Zaramody, Alphonse, Jolly, Clifford J., Phillips-Conroy, Jane, Wilkerson, Gregory, Abee, Christian, Simmons, Joe H., Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Kanthaswamy, Sree, Shiferaw, Fekadu, Wu, Dongdong, Zhou, Long, Shao, Yong, Zhang, Guojie, Keyyu, Julius D., Knauf, Sascha, Le, Minh D., Lizano, Esther, Merker, Stefan, Navarro, Arcadi, Nadler, Tilo, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Lee, Jessica, Tan, Patrick, Lim, Weng Khong, Kitchener, Andrew C., Zinner, Dietmar, Gut, Ivo, Melin, Amanda D., Guschanski, Katerina, Schierup, Mikkel Heide, Beck, Robin M. D., Karakikes, Ioannis, Wang, Kevin C., Umapathy, Govindhaswamy, Roos, Christian, Boubli, Jean P., Siepel, Adam, Kundaje, Anshul, Paten, Benedict, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Rogers, Jeffrey, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, and Farh, Kyle Kai-How
Abstract: Noncoding DNA is central to our understanding of human gene regulation and complex diseases1,2, and measuring the evolutionary sequence constraint can establish the functional relevance of putative regulatory elements in the human genome3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Identifying the genomic elements that have become constrained specifically in primates has been hampered by the faster evolution of noncoding DNA compared to protein-coding DNA10, the relatively short timescales separating primate species11, and the previously limited availability of whole-genome sequences12. Here we construct a whole-genome alignment of 239 species, representing nearly half of all extant species in the primate order. Using this resource, we identified human regulatory elements that are under selective constraint across primates and other mammals at a 5% false discovery rate. We detected 111,318 DNase I hypersensitivity sites and 267,410 transcription factor binding sites that are constrained specifically in primates but not across other placental mammals and validate their cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. These regulatory elements are enriched for human genetic variants that affect gene expression and complex traits and diseases. Our results highlight the important role of recent evolution in regulatory sequence elements differentiating primates, including humans, from other placental mammals.
Published: 2024

9. Comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae butterflies reveals strong correlation between diversification and temperature

Author: National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Centre for Biological Sciences, Vila, Roger [0000-0002-2447-4388], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Owens, Hannah L., St Laurent, Ryan A., Earl, Chandra, Dexter, Kelly M., Messcher, Rebeccah, Willmott, K. R., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Collins, Steve C., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hoshizaki, Sugihiko, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Kizhakke, Athulya G., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Martins, Dino J., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Morinaka, Sadaharu, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Vila, Roger, Wang, Houshuai, Braby, Michael F., Espeland, Marianne, Breinholt, Jesse W., Pierce, Naomi E., Kawahara, Akito Y., Lohman, David J., National Science Foundation (US), National Geographic Society, Research Council of Norway, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Centre for Biological Sciences, Vila, Roger [0000-0002-2447-4388], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Carvalho, Ana Paula S., Owens, Hannah L., St Laurent, Ryan A., Earl, Chandra, Dexter, Kelly M., Messcher, Rebeccah, Willmott, K. R., Aduse-Poku, Kwaku, Collins, Steve C., Homziak, Nicholas T., Hoshizaki, Sugihiko, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Kizhakke, Athulya G., Kunte, Krushnamegh, Martins, Dino J., Mega, Nicolás Oliveira, Morinaka, Sadaharu, Peggie, Djunijanti, Romanowski, Helena Piccoli, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Vila, Roger, Wang, Houshuai, Braby, Michael F., Espeland, Marianne, Breinholt, Jesse W., Pierce, Naomi E., Kawahara, Akito Y., and Lohman, David J.
Abstract: Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family and curated a distribution dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net diversification.
Published: 2024

10. Pathways of surface oceanic water intrusion into the Amazon Continental Shelf

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas, https://ror.org/02gfc7t72, de Freitas, Pedro Paulo, Cirano, Mauro, Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Peres, Marta-Almeida, Martinho, de Brito Borges, Francisco Flávio, Guerrero-Martin, Camilo Andrés, Costa Gomes, Vando José, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas, https://ror.org/02gfc7t72, de Freitas, Pedro Paulo, Cirano, Mauro, Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Peres, Marta-Almeida, Martinho, de Brito Borges, Francisco Flávio, Guerrero-Martin, Camilo Andrés, and Costa Gomes, Vando José
Abstract: The Amazon Continental Shelf (ACS) is a shallow region (< 100 m), with a maximum width of 330 km, which encloses the northern portion of the Brazilian continental shelf and has great ecological and climatic importance on a global scale. Although important scientific efforts have been made to understand the hydrodynamics of the ACS and the dispersion of the Amazon River plume, there are still few studies that address surface oceanic water intrusion into the ACS. This study describes the existence of preferential surface oceanic water intrusion pathways into the ACS along 3 sectors: Maranhão (MA shelf), Pará (PA shelf) and Amapá (AP shelf). The analysis is based on: (i) 306 surface drifter trajectories along 1344 km of the ACS (provided by the Global Drifter Program) and (ii) 20 years of Lagrangian simulations (with Parcels model forced by currents from the reanalysis GLORYS). The results show that the MA shelf sector is the main pathway for surface oceanic water intrusions into the ACS, corresponding to 56% of the intrusions, followed by PA shelf (43%) and AP shelf (1%). During the austral summer, intrusions occur with a higher frequency in PA and AP shelf. The MA shelf shows weak seasonality in the intrusions. The temporal variability of particle intrusion rates into the ACS is directly related to the variability of the trade winds, and the meso-scale circulation associated with the North Brazil Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent.
Published: 2024

11. Microbiome and epigenetic variation in wild fish with low genetic diversity

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Royal Society (UK), Anka, Ishrat Z., Webster, Tamsyn M. Uren, Berbel-Filho, Waldir M., Hitchings, Matthew, Overland, Benjamin, Weller, Sarah, García de Leaniz, Carlos, Consuegra, Sofía, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Royal Society (UK), Anka, Ishrat Z., Webster, Tamsyn M. Uren, Berbel-Filho, Waldir M., Hitchings, Matthew, Overland, Benjamin, Weller, Sarah, García de Leaniz, Carlos, and Consuegra, Sofía
Abstract: Non-genetic sources of phenotypic variation, such as the epigenome and the microbiome, could be important contributors to adaptive variation for species with low genetic diversity. However, little is known about the complex interaction between these factors and the genetic diversity of the host, particularly in wild populations. Here, we examine the skin microbiome composition of two closely-related mangrove killifish species with different mating systems (self-fertilising and outcrossing) under sympatric and allopatric conditions. This allows us to partition the influence of the genotype and the environment on their microbiome and (previously described) epigenetic profiles. We find the diversity and community composition of the skin microbiome are strongly shaped by the environment and, to a lesser extent, by species-specific influences. Heterozygosity and microbiome alpha diversity, but not epigenetic variation, are associated with the fluctuating asymmetry of traits related to performance (vision) and behaviour (aggression). Our study identifies that a proportion of the epigenetic diversity and microbiome differentiation is unrelated to genetic variation, and we find evidence for an associative relationship between microbiome and epigenetic diversity in these wild populations. This suggests that both mechanisms could potentially contribute to variation in species with low genetic diversity
Published: 2024

12. An eco-friendly extraction method to obtain pectin from passion fruit rinds (Passiflora edulis sp.) using subcritical water and pressurized natural deep eutectic solvents

Author: Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Pereira, Débora Tamires Vitor, Méndez-Albiñana, Pablo, Mendiola, J. A., Villamiel, Mar, Cifuentes, Alejandro, Martínez, Julian, Ibáñez, Elena, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Pereira, Débora Tamires Vitor, Méndez-Albiñana, Pablo, Mendiola, J. A., Villamiel, Mar, Cifuentes, Alejandro, Martínez, Julian, and Ibáñez, Elena
Abstract: This work evaluated the efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) and Pressurized Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (P-NaDESs) under different temperatures (100, 120, 140 and 160 °C) in obtaining pectin from Passion Fruit Rinds (PFR) and its residual biomass (PFR - UAPLE), and compare the results with those of Conventional Extraction (CE). The highest pectin yields, 19.1 and 27.6 %, were achieved using P-NaDES (Citric Acid:Glucose:Water) at 120 °C for PFR and its PFR-UAPLE, respectively. Regarding the Degree of Esterification (DE), pectin obtained with SWE and CE had DE below 50 %, while with P-NaDES (Citric Acid: Glucose:Water), DE was above 50 %. Higher Molecular Weights (MW) (98 and 81 kDa) were obtained with SWE and P-NaDES from PFR compared to PFR-UAPLE and CE. Galacturonic acid was the most abundant (74 to 78 %) monosaccharide obtained by SWE. In terms of morphology, water extraction provided pectin with more uniform textures, whereas extraction with acidified mixtures led to more heterogeneous surfaces. Overall, comparing SWE and P-NaDES, the obtained pectins differed in terms of monomeric composition, MW and DE. These results indicate that pectins obtained by both methods can have different applications depending on their structural characteristics.
Published: 2024

13. J-PLUS: Toward a homogeneous photometric calibration using Gaia BP/RP low-resolution spectra

Author: Gobierno de Aragón, Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), López-Sanjuan, Carlos, Vázquez Ramió, Héctor, Xiao, K., Yuan, H., Carrasco, J. M., Varela, Jesús, Cristóbal-Hornillos, David, Tremblay, Pier Emmanuel, Ederoclite, Alessandro, Marín-Franch, Antonio, Cenarro, A. J., Coelho, Paula R. T., Daflon, Simone, Pino, A. del, Domínguez Sánchez, Helena, Fernández-Ontiveros, Juan Antonio, Hernán-Caballero, Antonio, Jiménez-Esteban, Francisco M., Alcaniz, Jailson, Angulo, R. E., Dupke, Renato A., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Moles, Mariano, Sodré, Laerte Jr., Gobierno de Aragón, Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), López-Sanjuan, Carlos, Vázquez Ramió, Héctor, Xiao, K., Yuan, H., Carrasco, J. M., Varela, Jesús, Cristóbal-Hornillos, David, Tremblay, Pier Emmanuel, Ederoclite, Alessandro, Marín-Franch, Antonio, Cenarro, A. J., Coelho, Paula R. T., Daflon, Simone, Pino, A. del, Domínguez Sánchez, Helena, Fernández-Ontiveros, Juan Antonio, Hernán-Caballero, Antonio, Jiménez-Esteban, Francisco M., Alcaniz, Jailson, Angulo, R. E., Dupke, Renato A., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Moles, Mariano, and Sodré, Laerte Jr.
Abstract: [Aims] We present the photometric calibration of the 12 optical passbands for the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) third data release (DR3) comprising 1642 pointings of two square degrees each., [Methods] We selected nearly 1.5 million main sequence stars with a signal-to-noise ratio larger than ten in the 12 J-PLUS passbands and available low-resolution (R = 20–80) spectrum from the blue and red photometers (BP/RP) in Gaia DR3. We compared the synthetic photometry from BP/RP spectra with the J-PLUS instrumental magnitudes after correcting for the magnitude and color terms between both systems in order to obtain a homogeneous photometric solution for J-PLUS. To circumvent the current limitations in the absolute calibration of the BP/RP spectra, the absolute color scale was derived using the locus of 109 white dwarfs closer than 100 pc with a negligible interstellar extinction. Finally, the absolute flux scale was anchored to the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) photometry in the r band., [Results] The precision of the J-PLUS photometric calibration estimated from duplicated objects observed in adjacent pointings and by comparison with the spectro-photometric standard star GD 153 is ~12 mmag in u, J0378, and J0395, and it is ~7 mmag in J0410, J0430, ɡ, J0515, r, J0660, i, J0861, and z. The estimated accuracy in the calibration along the surveyed area is better than 1% for all the passbands., [Conclusions] The Gaia BP/RP spectra provide a high-quality, homogeneous photometric reference in the optical range across the full sky in spite of their current limitations as an absolute reference. The calibration method for J-PLUS DR3 reaches an absolute precision and accuracy of 1% in the 12 optical filters within an area of 3284 square degrees.
Published: 2024

14. Potential of Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Flour as a Lean Meat Replacer in the Development of Beef Patties

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, Pasqualin Cavalheiro, C., Ruiz-Capillas, Claudia, Herrero, Ana M., Pintado, Tatiana, Avelar de Sousa, Camila Cristina, Falcão Leite, Juliana Sant’Ana, Costa Alves da Silva, Mauricio, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, Pasqualin Cavalheiro, C., Ruiz-Capillas, Claudia, Herrero, Ana M., Pintado, Tatiana, Avelar de Sousa, Camila Cristina, Falcão Leite, Juliana Sant’Ana, and Costa Alves da Silva, Mauricio
Abstract: This study examined the incorporation of cricket (Acheta domesticus) flour (CF) (0, control; 5.0%, CF5.0; 7.5%, CF7.5; and 10.0%, CF10.0) as a lean meat replacer in beef patties and its impact on composition, microbiological, sensory, and technological properties, as well as its influence on the cooking process. The inclusion of CF led to beef patties with significantly higher protein levels than the control group. Additionally, an elevation in total viable (TVC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts was observed. However, Enterobacteriaceae counts remained at safe levels. CF5.0 demonstrated similar sensory scores and purchase intention to the control treatment. CF7.5 and CF10.0 showed comparable sensory scores to the control except for texture attributes. The inclusion of CF significantly reduced cooking loss and diameter reduction values. Beef patties with CF were notably firmer and had a browner color than the control. In general, the cooking process impacted the technological properties similarly in both the control and beef patties with CF. In all cooked samples, no significant differences in pH, redness (a*), or texture were observed. This study demonstrated that incorporating up to 5.0% CF into beef patties is optimal in terms of composition, technological, sensorial, and cooking properties.
Published: 2024

15. The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author: European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., Key, Robert M., European Commission, Norwegian Research Centre, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, University of Maryland, National Science Foundation (US), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Helmholtz Association, Lauvset, Siv K., Lange, Nico, Tanhua, Toste, Bittig, Henry C., Olsen, Are, Kozyr, Alex, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko, Brown, Peter J., Carter, Brendan R., Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Ishii, Masao, Jeansson, Emil, Murata, Akihiko, Müller, Jens Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., Schirnick, Carsten, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Suzuki, Toru, Ulfsbo, Adam, Velo, A., Woosley, Ryan J., and Key, Robert M.
Abstract: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.
Published: 2024

16. A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)

Author: Independent Research Fund Denmark, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, National Science Centre (Poland), Department of Energy (US), The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Slovenian Research Agency, Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Venezuela), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Lonborg, Ch., Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Marrasé, Cèlia, Morán, Xosé Anxelu G., Álvarez-Salgado, Xosé Antón, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Science Foundation (US), Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, National Science Centre (Poland), Department of Energy (US), The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Slovenian Research Agency, Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Venezuela), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Lonborg, Ch., Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Marrasé, Cèlia, Morán, Xosé Anxelu G., and Álvarez-Salgado, Xosé Antón
Abstract: Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, Lønborg et al., 2023) compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP in coastal waters. These data are complemented by hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables (e.g. chlorophyll a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations of concentrations from all continents. However, most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in DOM measurements from the Southern Hemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62 338 data points for DOC, 20 356 for DON, and 13 533 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequence DOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focus on carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concentration in coastal waters (average ± standard deviation (SD): 182±314 µmol C L−1; median: 103 µmol C L−1) is 13-fold higher than the average coastal DON concentration (13.6±30.4 µmol N L−1; median: 8.0 µmol N L−1), which is itself 39-fold higher than the average coastal DOP concentration (0.34±1.11 µmol P L−1; median: 0.18 µmol P L−1). This dataset will be useful for identifying global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and will help facilitate the reuse of DOC, DON, and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes; closing nutrient budgets; estimating carbon, nitrogen, and
Published: 2024

17. The quantum maxima for the basic graphs of exclusivity are not reachable in Bell scenarios

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla. FQM239: Fundamentos de Mecánica Cuántica, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Brasil, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Brasil, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España, Porto, Lucas E. A., Rabelo, Rafael, Terra Cunha, Marcelo, Cabello Quintero, Adán, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla. FQM239: Fundamentos de Mecánica Cuántica, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Brasil, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Brasil, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España, Porto, Lucas E. A., Rabelo, Rafael, Terra Cunha, Marcelo, and Cabello Quintero, Adán
Abstract: A necessary condition for the probabilities of a set of events to exhibit Bell nonlocality or Kochen-Specker contextuality is that the graph of exclusivity of the events contains induced odd cycles with five or more vertices, called odd holes, or their complements, called odd antiholes. From this perspective, events whose graph of exclusivity are odd holes or antiholes are the building blocks of contextuality. For any odd hole or antihole, any assignment of probabilities allowed by quantum theory can be achieved in specific contextuality scenarios. However, here we prove that, for any odd hole, the probabilities that attain the quantum maxima cannot be achieved in Bell scenarios. We also prove it for the simplest odd antiholes. This leads us to the conjecture that the quantum maxima for any of the building blocks cannot be achieved in Bell scenarios. This result sheds light on why the problem of whether a probability assignment is quantum is decidable, while whether a probability assignment within a given Bell scenario is quantum is, in general, undecidable. This also helps to understand why identifying principles for quantum correlations is simpler when we start by identifying principles for quantum sets of probabilities defined with no reference to specific scenarios.
Published: 2024

18. The Effect of Currents on Large Surface Gravity Waves Under Cyclonic Conditions in the South/Southeastern Brazil

Author: Bahia Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Lauton, Gustavo, Marta-Almeida, Martinho, Lentini, Carlos A. D., Bahia Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Lauton, Gustavo, Marta-Almeida, Martinho, and Lentini, Carlos A. D.
Abstract: Although ocean surface currents are not accounted for in most wave modeling studies, recent works have demonstrated that ocean circulation features may have a great impact on surface gravity waves. In this case study, we coupled in a one-way mode the hydrodynamic model Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the wave model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) to study the effect of currents on large wave events (LWEs) produced under the influence of cyclones in south/southeastern Brazil. For the five LWEs studied, chosen due to the distinct importance that current-to-wave effects had for the period, the results indicate that the addition of currents on the wave model improved the accuracy of the peaks of significant wave height, generally increasing them (by as much as 27%). The increase in wave height occurred mainly near the shelf edge and slope, where the southwestward-flowing Brazil Current opposes the dominant direction of cyclone-generated waves (usually from S/SE to S/SW). Modulation of wave height by currents in the subinertial band explained up to 95% of the total variance of the difference between results with and without ocean currents, and this band was largely related to the Brazil Current. Its near-inertial counterpart explained up to 22% of the total variance and was primarily due to near-inertial currents in the region. This study provides, for the first time, conclusive evidence that wave-current interaction can impact LWEs in south/southeastern Brazil.
Published: 2023

19. Multi-level biological responses of Daphnia magna exposed to settleable atmospheric particulate matter from metallurgical industries

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Carolina, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), González, María Pilar [0000-0002-2091-2424], Salvatierra, David [0000-0002-9401-8134], Kholssi, Rajaa [0000-0002-6014-1468], Fernandes, Marisa Narciso [0000-0003-4808-9553], Araújo, Cristiano V. M. [0000-0003-1793-2966], Seabra Pereira, Camilo Dias [0000-0001-8357-8112], González, María Pilar, Cordero, Andrea, Salvatierra, David, Kholssi, Rajaa, Fernandes, Marisa Narciso, Blasco, Julián, Araújo, Cristiano V. M., Seabra Pereira, Camilo Dias, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Carolina, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), González, María Pilar [0000-0002-2091-2424], Salvatierra, David [0000-0002-9401-8134], Kholssi, Rajaa [0000-0002-6014-1468], Fernandes, Marisa Narciso [0000-0003-4808-9553], Araújo, Cristiano V. M. [0000-0003-1793-2966], Seabra Pereira, Camilo Dias [0000-0001-8357-8112], González, María Pilar, Cordero, Andrea, Salvatierra, David, Kholssi, Rajaa, Fernandes, Marisa Narciso, Blasco, Julián, Araújo, Cristiano V. M., and Seabra Pereira, Camilo Dias
Abstract: Metallurgical industries are a continuous source of air pollution due to the amount of settleable particulate matter (SePM) they release. This SePM is a complex mixture formed by metallic nanoparticles and metals, which reach terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and can be a significant source of contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of SePM at different levels of biological organization in order to estimate its ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. For this purpose, the crustacean Daphnia magna was exposed to different concentrations of SePM (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 g/L) using a multi-level response approach. The endpoints studied were: avoidance throughout 24 h in a non-forced exposure system, reproduction (total number of neonates per female after 21 days of exposure), acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) after 48 h, and finally, the feeding rates during a short-term exposure (48 h) and a long-term exposure (21 day + 48 h). There was a negative effect of SePM on all responses measured at high concentrations. The avoidance was concentration-dependent and represented 88 % and 100 % at the two highest concentrations. The AChE activity was significantly inhibited at 5 and 10 g/L. The total number of neonates increased from 1 g/L of SePM and the first brood occurred earlier as of 5 g/L compared to control. The post-exposure feeding rates were lower during long-term exposure at the highest concentration. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the metals present in this SePM, but this study did not report any direct relationship with toxicity, due to the chemical heterogeneity of the particles. The emission of compounds caused by anthropogenic activity may have significant ecological consequences, so it is important to consider these possible effects on aquatic biota generated by the mixture of metals present in SePM originated from metallurgical activities. Environmental and sectorial regulations are needed to prevent contamin
Published: 2023

20. Trait interactions effects on tropical tree demography depend on the environmental context

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Estonian Research Council, Kamimura, Vitor de A., Loiola, Priscilla de P., Carmona, Carlos P., Assis, Marco A., Joly, Carlos A., Santos, Flavio A.M., Vieira, Simone A., Alves, Luciana F., Martins, Valéria F., Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael F., de Bello, Francesco, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Estonian Research Council, Kamimura, Vitor de A., Loiola, Priscilla de P., Carmona, Carlos P., Assis, Marco A., Joly, Carlos A., Santos, Flavio A.M., Vieira, Simone A., Alves, Luciana F., Martins, Valéria F., Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael F., and de Bello, Francesco
Abstract: Although functional traits are defined based on their impact on demographic parameters, trait-demography relationships are often reported as weak. These weak relationships might be due to disregarding trait interactions and environmental contexts, which should modulate species trait-demography relationships. We applied different models, including boosted regression tree (BRT) models, to investigate changes in the relationship between traits and demographic rates of tropical tree species in plots along an elevational gradient and among time intervals between censuses, analyzing the effect of a strong drought event. Based on a large dataset of 18,000 tree individuals from 133 common species, distributed among twelve 1-ha plots (habitats) in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil), we evaluated how trait interactions and the environmental context influence the demographic rates (growth, mortality, and recruitment). Functional traits, trait-trait, and trait-habitat interactions predicted demography with a good fit through either BRTs or linear mixed-models. Changes in growth rates were best related to size (diameter), and mortality rates to habitats, while changes in recruitment rates were best related to the specific leaf area. Moreover, the influence of traits differed among time intervals, and for demographic parameters, habitat affected growth and mortality by interacting with diameter. Here, we provide evidence that trait-demography relationships can be improved when considering the environmental context (space and time) and trait interactions to cope with the complexity of changes in the demography of tropical tree communities. Thus, to expand predictions of demography based on functional traits, we show that it is useful to fully incorporate the concept of multiple trait-fitness optima, resulting from trait interactions in different habitats and growth conditions.
Published: 2023

21. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author: German Research Foundation, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Research Council, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, National Science Foundation (US), Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, Helge, Hoss, Daniela, Sabatin, Francesco M., Altman, Jan, Arfin-Khan, Mohammed A. S., Bergmeier, Erwin, Černý, Tomáš, Chytrý, Milan, Dainese, Matteo, Dengler, Jürgen, Doležal, Jiří, Field, Richard, Fischer, Felícia M., Huygens, Dries, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Jentsch, Anke, Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lens, Frederic, Loos, Jaqueline, Niinemets, Ülo, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Phillips, Oliver, Reich, Peter B., Römermann, Christine, Sandel, Brody, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Velez-Martin, Eduardo, Violle, Cyrille, Pillar, Valério D., German Research Foundation, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Research Council, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, National Science Foundation (US), Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, Helge, Hoss, Daniela, Sabatin, Francesco M., Altman, Jan, Arfin-Khan, Mohammed A. S., Bergmeier, Erwin, Černý, Tomáš, Chytrý, Milan, Dainese, Matteo, Dengler, Jürgen, Doležal, Jiří, Field, Richard, Fischer, Felícia M., Huygens, Dries, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Jentsch, Anke, Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lens, Frederic, Loos, Jaqueline, Niinemets, Ülo, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Phillips, Oliver, Reich, Peter B., Römermann, Christine, Sandel, Brody, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Velez-Martin, Eduardo, Violle, Cyrille, and Pillar, Valério D.
Abstract: [Aim]: Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide. [Location]: Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally. [Time period]: 2000–2014. Major taxa studied. Vascular plants. [Methods]: We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure. [Results]: Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF
Published: 2023

22. Plasma bubble imaging by single-frequency GNSS measurements

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Christovam, Ana L., Prol, Fabricio S., Hernández-Pajares, Manuel, Camargo, Paulo O., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Christovam, Ana L., Prol, Fabricio S., Hernández-Pajares, Manuel, and Camargo, Paulo O.
Abstract: Our investigation aims to answer if it is possible to detect plasma bubbles using single-frequency measurements of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this regard, we show a methodology based on a regional model to calibrate GNSS single-frequency measurements and derive ionospheric maps showing plasma bubbles in one of the most challenging conditions, the Brazilian region. Simultaneous observations of all-sky images at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45.0°W), São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W) and Boa Vista (2.8°N, 60.7°W) were used to compare the plasma bubbles structures. The results were validated by the comparison between airglow and total electron content (TEC) single-frequency maps in terms of keograms and drift velocities of the ionospheric plasma bubbles. Plasma bubbles were successfully observed by mapping TEC single-frequency. The rate of success in detecting the plasma bubbles with single-frequency TEC data was 65% when using keograms. In addition, in regions with good GNSS coverage, such as Cachoeira Paulista and São João do Cariri, it was easier to detect the plasma bubbles. The velocities of plasma bubbles were also obtained with good agreement in comparison with the velocities estimated using airglow data. For São João do Cariri, the mean drift velocities estimated with airglow data were 117.10 m/s whereas with TEC data were 117.94 m/s. Therefore, the results revealed the proposed method as an efficient tool for mapping the ionospheric plasma bubbles and computing their drift velocities. This technique provides new opportunities, in particular for ionospheric sounding, since the number of low-cost GNSS receivers continues growing.
Published: 2023

23. Tripartite networks show that keystone species can multitask

Author: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Cádiz, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Timóteo, Sérgio [0000-0003-2417-3259], Albrecht, Jörg [0000-0002-9708-9413], Rumeu, Beatriz [0000-0002-9017-5466], Norte, Ana C. [0000-0001-7833-4463], Traveset, Anna [0000-0002-1816-1334], Frost, Carol M. [0000-0003-3805-5528], Marchante, Elizabete [0000-0003-1303-7489], López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro [0000-0003-0773-9134], Peralta, Guadalupe [0000-0003-1947-4989], Memmott, Jane [0000-0002-2113-2577], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], Costa, José Miguel [0000-0002-4991-7122], Silva, Luis Pascual da [0000-0003-2358-1277], Carvalheiro, Luísa G. [0000-0001-7655-979X], Correia, Marta [0000-0003-0475-8962], Staab, Michael [0000-0003-0894-7576], Blüthgen, Nico [0000-0001-6349-4528], Farwig, Nina [0000-0002-0554-5128], Hervías-Parejo, Sandra [0000-0002-5377-3619], Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana [0000-0002-2058-3229], Heleno, Rubén H. [0000-0002-4808-4907], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, Heleno, Rubén H., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Cádiz, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Timóteo, Sérgio [0000-0003-2417-3259], Albrecht, Jörg [0000-0002-9708-9413], Rumeu, Beatriz [0000-0002-9017-5466], Norte, Ana C. [0000-0001-7833-4463], Traveset, Anna [0000-0002-1816-1334], Frost, Carol M. [0000-0003-3805-5528], Marchante, Elizabete [0000-0003-1303-7489], López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro [0000-0003-0773-9134], Peralta, Guadalupe [0000-0003-1947-4989], Memmott, Jane [0000-0002-2113-2577], Olesen, Jens M. [0000-0003-1998-1083], Costa, José Miguel [0000-0002-4991-7122], Silva, Luis Pascual da [0000-0003-2358-1277], Carvalheiro, Luísa G. [0000-0001-7655-979X], Correia, Marta [0000-0003-0475-8962], Staab, Michael [0000-0003-0894-7576], Blüthgen, Nico [0000-0001-6349-4528], Farwig, Nina [0000-0002-0554-5128], Hervías-Parejo, Sandra [0000-0002-5377-3619], Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana [0000-0002-2058-3229], Heleno, Rubén H. [0000-0002-4808-4907], Timóteo, Sérgio, Albrecht, Jörg, Rumeu, Beatriz, Norte, Ana C., Traveset, Anna, Frost, Carol M., Marchante, Elizabete, López-Núñez, Francisco Alejandro, Peralta, Guadalupe, Memmott, Jane, Olesen, Jens M., Costa, José Miguel, Silva, Luis Pascual da, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Correia, Marta, Staab, Michael, Blüthgen, Nico, Farwig, Nina, Hervías-Parejo, Sandra, Mironov, Sergei, Rodríguez-Echeverría, Susana, and Heleno, Rubén H.
Abstract: Keystone species are disproportionately important for ecosystem functioning. While all species engage in multiple interaction types with other species, keystone species importance is often defined based on a single dimension of their Eltonian niche, that is, one type of interaction (e.g. keystone predator). It remains unclear whether the importance of keystone species is unidimensional or if it extends across interaction types. We conducted a meta-analysis of tripartite interaction networks examining whether species importance in one dimension of their niche is mirrored in other niche dimensions, and whether this is associated with interaction outcome, intimacy or species richness. We show that keystone species importance is positively associated across multiple ecological niche dimensions, independently of abundance, and find no evidence that multidimensionality of keystone species is influenced by the explanatory variables. We propose that the role of keystone species extends across multiple ecological niche dimensions, with important implications for ecosystem resilience and conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Published: 2023

24. Effects of dominant ant species on ant community structure and ant–hemipteran interactions

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Soares Calixto, E. [0000-0003-3617-2464], Moreira, X. [0000-0003-0166-838X], Del-Claro, K. [0000-0001-8886-9568], Costa-Silva, Vitor M., Soares Calixto, Eduardo, Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín, Del-Claro, Kleber, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Soares Calixto, E. [0000-0003-3617-2464], Moreira, X. [0000-0003-0166-838X], Del-Claro, K. [0000-0001-8886-9568], Costa-Silva, Vitor M., Soares Calixto, Eduardo, Moreira Tomé, Xoaquín, and Del-Claro, Kleber
Abstract: Ants often interact aggressively for resources (e.g. nest sites and food) with members of their own or another species. In these competitive interactions, dominant ant species exert a strong influence on ant species coexistence and plant-associated arthropod community structure. However, few studies have experimentally manipulated the relative abundance of dominant ant species on plants, preventing a mechanistic understanding of the effects of ant competitive interactions on ant community structure as well as on their interactions with other insects, particularly mutualistic hemipterans. In this study, we performed a field experiment in a tropical dry forest in Brazil to investigate the effects of two dominant ant species (Camponotus crassus and Cephalotes pusillus) on the structure ant communities and the abundance of the ant-tended hemipteran Enchenopa brasiliensis in Solanum lycocarpum plants. For this, we identified and quantified all ant species foraging on plants and estimated the number of egg masses, nymphs and adults of the mutualistic hemipteran before and after experimentally removing nests of both two dominant ant species. Our results showed that removal of C. pusillus nests significantly changed ant community structure, whereas removal of C. crassus nests did not. We also found that nest removal of both dominant ant species had significant effects on hemipteran abundance. In particular, plants generally hosted more hemipteran eggs, nymphs and adults after (vs before) nest removal of both dominant ant species. Overall, this study demonstrates that dominant ant species can play a pivotal role in structuring ant communities and the interactions between ants and honeydew-producing hemipteran insects.
Published: 2023

25. The Immobilization and Stabilization of Trypsin from the Porcine Pancreas on Chitosan and Its Catalytic Performance in Protein Hydrolysis

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Miguez, João Pedro, Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto, Tavano, Olga Luisa, Mendes, Adriano A., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Miguez, João Pedro, Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto, Tavano, Olga Luisa, and Mendes, Adriano A.
Abstract: In this study, trypsin from the porcine pancreas was immobilized on a heterofunctional support prepared by activating chitosan (Chit) hydrogel with glutaraldehyde (GA), then functionalizing it with glycine (Chit–GA–Gly). The catalytic performance of the immobilized trypsin in the hydrolysis reactions was compared with the catalytic performance of the immobilized enzyme on glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan (Chit–GA) and chitosan hydrogel (Chit). The maximum concentration of immobilized protein on Chit–GA–Gly was approximately 16 mg·g−1 at pH 9.0 (5 mmol·L−1 buffer sodium carbonate) at 25 °C from an offered protein loading of 20 mg·g−1. This biocatalyst exhibited maximum specific activity (SA) of 33.1 ± 0.2 nmol·min−1·mg−1 for benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) hydrolysis, twice as high as the enzyme immobilized on the classic Chit–GA support (SA values ranging between 6.7 ± 0.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1 and 8.1 ± 0.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1). The Elovich kinetic model was used to describe the adsorption process using low (3 mg·g−1) and high (20 mg·g−1) initial protein loadings. The optimum temperature for BAPNA hydrolysis catalyzed by the immobilized trypsin (60 °C) was 10 °C higher than that of its soluble form. Additionally, the immobilized enzyme was 16 to 20 times more stable than its soluble form at 50–55 °C. Thermodynamic studies were conducted to elucidate the kinetics of the thermal inactivation process of soluble and immobilized forms. Complete hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 37 °C was achieved after 2 h using a soluble enzyme, while for its immobilized form, the hydrolysis yield was 47%. Reuse tests revealed that this biocatalyst retained 37% of its original activity after 10 successive hydrolysis batches. Based on these results, this support could be used as an interesting alternative for producing heterogeneous biocatalysts with high catalytic activity and thermal stability when producing protein hydrolysates.
Published: 2023

26. Effect of Support Matrix and Crosslinking Agents on Nutritional Properties of Orange Juice during Enzyme Clarification: A Comparative Study

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (México), Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto [0000-0003-4976-7096], Dal Magro, Lucas [0000-0002-2463-1021], Rodrigues, Rafael C. [0000-0001-8592-850X], Silva, Pâmela M. da, Esparza-Flores, Eli Emanuel, Virgili, Anike H., Menezes, Eliana W. de, Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto, Dal Magro, Lucas, Rodrigues, Rafael C., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (México), Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto [0000-0003-4976-7096], Dal Magro, Lucas [0000-0002-2463-1021], Rodrigues, Rafael C. [0000-0001-8592-850X], Silva, Pâmela M. da, Esparza-Flores, Eli Emanuel, Virgili, Anike H., Menezes, Eliana W. de, Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto, Dal Magro, Lucas, and Rodrigues, Rafael C.
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of a support matrix and active group on the support to the nutritional properties of orange juice after juice clarification. Pectinase was immobilized on chitosan and aminated silica supports, activated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and applied for juice clarification. The effects on various juice properties, including reducing sugars, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, juice color, and pH, were evaluated. The results revealed that the immobilization on chitosan activated using genipin resulted in the highest biocatalyst activity (1211.21 U·g−1). The juice treatments using the biocatalysts led to turbidity reduction in the juice (up to 90%), with the highest reductions observed in treatments involving immobilized enzyme on chitosan. Importantly, the enzymatic treatments preserved the natural sugar content, total soluble solids, and pH of the juice. Color differences between treated and raw juice samples were especially relevant for those treated using enzymes, with significant differences in L* and b*, showing loss of yellow vivid color. Analysis of phenolic compounds and vitamin C showed no significant alterations after the enzymatic treatment of the raw juice. According to our results, the clarification of orange juice using immobilized enzymes can be a compromise in turbidity reduction and color reduction to maintain juice quality.
Published: 2023

27. Macroecological links between the Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls

Author: European Commission, Universidad de Atacama, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre F., Jardim, Lucas, Guedes, Jhonny J.M., Meyer, Leila, Stropp, Juliana, Fernandes Frateles, Lívia Estéfane, Pinto, Rafael B., Lohmann, Lúcia G., Tessarolo, Geiziane, de Carvalho, Claudio J.B., Ladel, Richard J., Hortal, Joaquín, European Commission, Universidad de Atacama, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre F., Jardim, Lucas, Guedes, Jhonny J.M., Meyer, Leila, Stropp, Juliana, Fernandes Frateles, Lívia Estéfane, Pinto, Rafael B., Lohmann, Lúcia G., Tessarolo, Geiziane, de Carvalho, Claudio J.B., Ladel, Richard J., and Hortal, Joaquín
Abstract: Species are the currency of most biodiversity studies. However, many shortfalls and biases remain in our biodiversity estimates, preventing a comprehensive understanding of the eco-evolutionary processes that have shaped the biodiversity currently available on Earth. Biased biodiversity estimates also jeopardize the effective implementation of data-driven conservation strategies, ultimately leading to biodiversity loss. Here, we delve into the concept of the Latitudinal Taxonomy Gradient (LTG) and show how this new idea provides an interesting conceptual link between the Linnean (i.e., our ignorance of how many species there are on Earth), Darwinian (i.e., our ignorance of species evolutionary relationships), and Wallacean (i.e., our ignorance on species distribution) shortfalls. More specifically, we contribute to an improved understanding of LTGs and establish the basis for the development of new methods that allow us to: (i) better account for the integration between different shortfalls and, (ii) estimate how these interactions may affect our understanding about the evolutionary components of richness gradients at macroecological scales.
Published: 2023

28. The T6SS-Dependent Effector Re78 of Rhizobium etli Mim1 Benefits Bacterial Competition

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Comunidad de Madrid, De Sousa, Bruna Fernanda Silva [0000-0003-4125-6611], Domingo-Serrano, Lucía [0000-0002-8985-068X], Salinero-Lanzarote, Alvaro [0000-0001-5980-460X], Palacios, José Manuel [0000-0002-2541-8812], Rey, Luis [0000-0003-3477-6942], De Sousa, Bruna Fernanda Silva, Domingo-Serrano, Lucía, Salinero-Lanzarote, Alvaro, Palacios, José Manuel, Rey, Luis, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Comunidad de Madrid, De Sousa, Bruna Fernanda Silva [0000-0003-4125-6611], Domingo-Serrano, Lucía [0000-0002-8985-068X], Salinero-Lanzarote, Alvaro [0000-0001-5980-460X], Palacios, José Manuel [0000-0002-2541-8812], Rey, Luis [0000-0003-3477-6942], De Sousa, Bruna Fernanda Silva, Domingo-Serrano, Lucía, Salinero-Lanzarote, Alvaro, Palacios, José Manuel, and Rey, Luis
Abstract: The genes of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) from Rhizobium etli Mim1 (ReMim1) that contain possible effectors can be divided into three modules. The mutants in them indicated that they are not required for effective nodulation with beans. To analyze T6SS expression, a putative promoter region between the tssA and tssH genes was fused in both orientations to a reporter gene. Both fusions are expressed more in free living than in symbiosis. When the module-specific genes were studied using RT-qPCR, a low expression was observed in free living and in symbiosis, which was clearly lower than the structural genes. The secretion of Re78 protein from the T6SS gene cluster was dependent on the presence of an active T6SS. Furthermore, the expression of Re78 and Re79 proteins in E. coli without the ReMim1 nanosyringe revealed that these proteins behave as a toxic effector/immunity protein pair (E/I). The harmful action of Re78, whose mechanism is still unknown, would take place in the periplasmic space of the target cell. The deletion of this ReMim1 E/I pair resulted in reduced competitiveness for bean nodule occupancy and in lower survival in the presence of the wild-type strain.
Published: 2023

29. Applicability and limitations of a capillary-LC column-switching system using hybrid graphene-based stationary phases

Author: Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Borsatto, João V. B., Maciel, Edvaldo V. S., Cifuentes, Alejandro, Lanças, Fernando M., Fundaçao Capes (Brasil), Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Borsatto, João V. B., Maciel, Edvaldo V. S., Cifuentes, Alejandro, and Lanças, Fernando M.
Abstract: Graphene oxide sheets fixed over silica particles (SiGO) and their modification functionalized with C18 and endcapped (SiGO-C18ec) have been reported as sorbents for extraction and analytical columns in LC. In this study, a SiGO column was selected as the extraction column and a SiGO-C18ec as the analytical column to study the applicability and limitations of a column-switching system composed exclusively of columns packed with graphene-based sorbents. Pyriproxyfen and abamectin B1a were selected as the analytes, and orange-flavored carbonated soft drinks as the matrix. The proposed system could be successfully applied to the pyriproxyfen analysis in a concentration range between 0.5 to 25 µg/mL presenting a linearity of R2 = 0.9931 and an intra-day and inter-day accuracy of 82.2–111.4% (RSD < 13.3%) and 95.5–99.8% (RSD < 12.7%), respectively. Furthermore, the matrix composition affected the area observed for the pyriproxyfen: the higher the concentration of orange juice in the soft drink, the higher the pyriproxyfen the signal observed. Additionally, the SiGO extraction column presented a life use of 120 injections for this matrix. In contrast, the proposed system could not apply to the analysis of abamectin B1a, and the SiGO-C18ec analytical column presented significant tailing compared to a similar approach with a C18 analytical column.
Published: 2023

30. Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Cantabria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Delclòs, Xavier, Peñalver Mollá, Enrique, Barrón López, Eduardo, Peris, David, Grimaldi, David A., Holz, Michael, Labandeira, Conrad C., Saupe, Erin E., Scotese, Christopher R., Solórzano Kraemer, Mónica M., Álvarez Parra, Sergio, Arillo Aranda, Antonio Gabriel, Azar, Dany, Cadena, Edwin A., Dal Corso, Jacopo, Kvacek, Jirí, Monleón-Getino, Antonio, Nel, André, Peyrot, Daniel, Bueno Cebollada, Carlos, Gallardo, Alejandro, González-Fernández, Beatriz, Goula,. Marta, Jaramillo, Carlos, Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, López-Del Valle, Rafael, Lozano Fernández, Rafael Pablo, Meléndez, Nieves, Menor-Salván, César, Peña-Kairath, Constanza, Perrichot, Vincent, Rodrigo Sanz, Ana, Sánchez-García, Alba, Santer, Maxime, Sarto i Monteys, Víctor, Uhl, Dieter, Viejo, José Luis, Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Cantabria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Geographic Society, German Research Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Delclòs, Xavier, Peñalver Mollá, Enrique, Barrón López, Eduardo, Peris, David, Grimaldi, David A., Holz, Michael, Labandeira, Conrad C., Saupe, Erin E., Scotese, Christopher R., Solórzano Kraemer, Mónica M., Álvarez Parra, Sergio, Arillo Aranda, Antonio Gabriel, Azar, Dany, Cadena, Edwin A., Dal Corso, Jacopo, Kvacek, Jirí, Monleón-Getino, Antonio, Nel, André, Peyrot, Daniel, Bueno Cebollada, Carlos, Gallardo, Alejandro, González-Fernández, Beatriz, Goula,. Marta, Jaramillo, Carlos, Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, López-Del Valle, Rafael, Lozano Fernández, Rafael Pablo, Meléndez, Nieves, Menor-Salván, César, Peña-Kairath, Constanza, Perrichot, Vincent, Rodrigo Sanz, Ana, Sánchez-García, Alba, Santer, Maxime, Sarto i Monteys, Víctor, Uhl, Dieter, Viejo, José Luis, and Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo
Abstract: Amber is fossilized resin that preserves biological remains in exceptional detail, study of which has revolutionized understanding of past terrestrial organisms and habitats from the Early Cretaceous to the present day. Cretaceous amber outcrops are more abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and during an interval of about 54 million years, from the Barremian to the Campanian. The extensive resin production that generated this remarkable amber record may be attributed to the biology of coniferous resin producers, the growth of resiniferous forests in proximity to transitional sedimentary environments, and the dynamics of climate during the Cretaceous. Here we discuss the set of interrelated abiotic and biotic factors potentially involved in resin production during that time. We name this period of mass resin production by conifers during the late Mesozoic, fundamental as an archive of terrestrial life, the `Cretaceous Resinous Interval (CREI).
Published: 2023

31. Thermodynamics and evaporation of a modified Schwarzschild black hole in a non–commutative gauge theory

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Araújo Filho, A.A., Zare, S., Kriz, J., Hassanabadi, H., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Araújo Filho, A.A., Zare, S., Kriz, J., and Hassanabadi, H.
Abstract: In this work, we study the thermodynamic properties on a non–commutative background via gravitational gauge field potentials. This procedure is accomplished after contracting de Sitter (dS) group, SO(4,1), with the Poincarè group, ISO(3,1). Particularly, we focus on a static spherically symmetric black hole. In this manner, we calculate the modified Hawking temperature and the other deformed thermal state quantities, namely, entropy, heat capacity, Helmholtz free energy and pressure. Finally, we also investigate the black hole evaporation process in such a context.
Published: 2023

32. Intensification of magnetic field in merging magnetic flux tubes driven by supergranular vortical flows

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Chian, Abraham C. -L., Rempel, Erico L., Silva, Suzana S. A., Bellot Rubio, Luis R., Gošić, Milan, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Chian, Abraham C. -L., Rempel, Erico L., Silva, Suzana S. A., Bellot Rubio, Luis R., and Gošić, Milan
Abstract: The spatiotemporal dynamics of vorticity and magnetic field in the region of a photospheric vortex at a supergranular junction of the quiet Sun is studied, using Hinode’s continuum intensity images and longitudinal magnetograms. We show that in a 30-min interval during the vortex lifetime, the magnetic field is intensified at the centres of two merging magnetic flux tubes trapped inside the vortex boundary. Moreover, we show that the electric current density is intensified at the interface boundary layers of merging tubes, resulting from strong vortical downflows in a supergranular vertex. Evidence of Lagrangian chaos and vortex stretching in the photospheric plasma turbulence responsible for driving the intensification of magnetic fields is analysed. In particular, we report the first solar observation of the intensification of electromagnetic energy flux resulting from the merger of magnetic flux tubes. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Published: 2023

33. Editorial: Microbial proteases: Biochemical studies, immobilization and biotechnological application

Author: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Pessela, Benevides C., Noma Okamoto, Débora, Cabral, Hamilton, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Pessela, Benevides C., Noma Okamoto, Débora, and Cabral, Hamilton
Published: 2023

34. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author: Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Russian Science Foundation, University of Göttingen, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (Australia), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Estonian Science Foundation, European Research Council, European Commission, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (France), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Government of Austria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado de Santa Catarina, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Crowther, Thomas W. [0000-0001-5674-8913], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Potapov, Anton, Guerra, Carlos A., van den Hoogen, Johan, Babenko, Anatoly, Bellini, Bruno C., Berg, Matty P., Chown, Steven L., Deharveng, Louis, Kovac, L'ubomír, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Ponge, Jean-François, Yin, Rui, Zeppelini, Douglas, Crowther, Thomas W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Mikhail B., Russell, David J., Alexandre, Douglas, Alatalo, Juha M., Arbea, Javier I., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bolger, Thomas, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chen, Ting-Wen, Chomel, Mathilde, Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gómez-Pamies, Diego F., Greve, Michelle, Handa, I. Tanya, Heiniger, Charlène, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Ivask, Mari, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Ferlian, Olga, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Baretta, Dilmar, Krab, Eveline J., Kuu, Annely, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Querner, Pascal, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Rousseau, Laurent, Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Salmon, Sandrine, Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Thakur, Madhav P., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Turnbull, Matthew S., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, and Xie, Zhijing
Abstract: Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
Published: 2023

35. The miniJPAS survey quasar selection – II. Machine learning classification with photometric measurements and uncertainties

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Rodrigues, Natália V. N., Abramo, L. R., Queiroz, Carolina, Martínez-Solaeche, G., Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Bonoli, Silvia, Chaves-Montero, Jonás, Pieri, Matthew M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Morrison, Sean S., Marra, Valerio, Márquez, Isabel, Hernán-Caballero, Antonio, Díaz-García, L. A., Benítez, Narciso, Cenarro, A. J., Dupke, Renato A., Ederoclite, Alessandro, López-Sanjuan, Carlos, Marín-Franch, Antonio, Mendes de Oliveira, Claudia, Moles, Mariano, Sodré Jr., L., Varela, Jesús, Vázquez Ramió, H., Taylor, Keith, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Rodrigues, Natália V. N., Abramo, L. R., Queiroz, Carolina, Martínez-Solaeche, G., Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Bonoli, Silvia, Chaves-Montero, Jonás, Pieri, Matthew M., González Delgado, Rosa M., Morrison, Sean S., Marra, Valerio, Márquez, Isabel, Hernán-Caballero, Antonio, Díaz-García, L. A., Benítez, Narciso, Cenarro, A. J., Dupke, Renato A., Ederoclite, Alessandro, López-Sanjuan, Carlos, Marín-Franch, Antonio, Mendes de Oliveira, Claudia, Moles, Mariano, Sodré Jr., L., Varela, Jesús, Vázquez Ramió, H., and Taylor, Keith
Abstract: Astrophysical surveys rely heavily on the classification of sources as stars, galaxies, or quasars from multiband photometry. Surveys in narrow-band filters allow for greater discriminatory power, but the variety of different types and redshifts of the objects present a challenge to standard template-based methods. In this work, which is part of a larger effort that aims at building a catalogue of quasars from the miniJPAS survey, we present a machine learning-based method that employs convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify point-like sources including the information in the measurement errors. We validate our methods using data from the miniJPAS survey, a proof-of-concept project of the Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) collaboration covering ∼1 deg2 of the northern sky using the 56 narrow-band filters of the J-PAS survey. Due to the scarcity of real data, we trained our algorithms using mocks that were purpose-built to reproduce the distributions of different types of objects that we expect to find in the miniJPAS survey, as well as the properties of the real observations in terms of signal and noise. We compare the performance of the CNNs with other well-established machine learning classification methods based on decision trees, finding that the CNNs improve the classification when the measurement errors are provided as inputs. The predicted distribution of objects in miniJPAS is consistent with the putative luminosity functions of stars, quasars, and unresolved galaxies. Our results are a proof of concept for the idea that the J-PAS survey will be able to detect unprecedented numbers of quasars with high confidence.
Published: 2023

36. Genetic structure of the threatened Gray Parrotfish (Sparisoma axillare) in the Southwestern Atlantic

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), National Geographic Society, Macquarie University, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Pennino, Maria Grazia [0000-0002-7577-2617], Tovar Verba, Julia, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Pennino, Maria Grazia, Hagberg, Linda, Lopes, Priscila F.M., Padovani Ferreira, Beatrice, Maia Queiroz Lima, Sergio, Stow, Adam, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), National Geographic Society, Macquarie University, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Pennino, Maria Grazia [0000-0002-7577-2617], Tovar Verba, Julia, Ferreira, Carlos E.L., Pennino, Maria Grazia, Hagberg, Linda, Lopes, Priscila F.M., Padovani Ferreira, Beatrice, Maia Queiroz Lima, Sergio, and Stow, Adam
Abstract: Despite the marine environment being typified by a lack of obvious barriers to dispersal, levels of genetic divergence can arise in marine organisms from historical changes in habitat availability, current oceanographic regimes and anthropogenic factors. Here we describe the genetic structure of the Gray Parrotfish, Sparisoma axillare, and identify environmental variables associated with patterns of genetic divergence throughout most of its distribution in Brazil. The heavily exploited Gray Parrotfish is endemic to Brazil, and there is lack of data on population structure that is needed to support sustainable management. To address this shortfall we analyzed 5429 SNPs from individuals sampled in nine locations, ranging from tropical to subtropical reef systems and costal to oceanic environments with varying levels of protection. We found low levels of genetic structure along the coast, including the oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha, and that a combination of water depth, ocean currents and geographic distance were the major drivers explaining genetic divergence. We identified a distinct genetic population around Trindade Island, 1000 km from the coast, highlighting the conservation significance of this population. Colonization of this oceanic site probably occurred during the Pleistocene periods of lower sea levels, allowing this shallow water-dependent species to use the seamount chain as stepping stones to Trindade. Our data further suggest that two protected areas, Costa dos Corais and Fernando de Noronha, likely play an important role as larval sources for much of the species distribution.
Published: 2023

37. Forest conversion into pasture selects dung beetle traits at different biological scales depending on species pool composition

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Bruno Pessôa, Marcelo, Souza do Amaral,Tatiana, De Marco Júnior, Paulo, Hortal, Joaquín, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Bruno Pessôa, Marcelo, Souza do Amaral,Tatiana, De Marco Júnior, Paulo, and Hortal, Joaquín
Abstract: The conversion of forests into open areas has large effects on the diversity and structure of native communities. The intensity of these effects may vary between regions, depending on the existence of native species adapted to open habitats in the regional pool or the time since habitat change., We assess the differences in species richness and functional diversity of dung beetle communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) between native forests and novel pasturelands of the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, two biomes with contrasting histories of human occupation in Brazil. We conducted standardized surveys in seven forest fragments and adjacent pastures in each region and measured 14 traits in individuals collected in each type of habitat at each particular site. We calculated functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and community-weighted mean of traits for each area, and analyzed individual variation through nested variance decomposition and Trait Statistics., Communities were richer and more numerous at the Cerrado. We did not find any consistent relationship between functional diversity and forest conversion beyond the changes in species diversity. Although landscape changes were more recent at the Cerrado, the colonization of the new habitat by native species already adapted to open habitats lessens the functional loss in this biome. This indicates that habitat change's effects on trait diversity depend on the regional species pool rather than on time since land conversion., Forest conversion effects were primarily due to internal filtering. The effects of external filtering only appear at the intraspecific variance level, with contrasting differences between the Cerrado, where traits related to relocation behavior and size are selected, and the Atlantic Forest, where selection operates for traits related to relocation behavior and flight. These results evidence the importance of considering individual variance to address the responses of dung beetle communities to forest conversion.
Published: 2023

38. Parallel host shifts in a bacterial plant pathogen suggest independent genetic solutions

Author: European Commission, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Donegan, Monica A. [0000-0002-6780-7744], Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D. [0000-0002-1382-4629], Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. [0000-0003-2888-9617], Donegan, Monica A., Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D., Almeida, Rodrigo P. P., European Commission, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Donegan, Monica A. [0000-0002-6780-7744], Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D. [0000-0002-1382-4629], Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. [0000-0003-2888-9617], Donegan, Monica A., Coletta-Filho, Helvecio D., and Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.
Abstract: While there are documented host shifts in many bacterial plant pathogens, the genetic foundation of host shifts is largely unknown. Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterial pathogen found in over 600 host plant species. Two parallel host shifts occurred-in Brazil and Italy-in which X. fastidiosa adapted to infect olive trees, whereas related strains infected coffee. Using 10 novel whole-genome sequences from an olive-infecting population in Brazil, we investigated whether these olive-infecting strains diverged from closely related coffee-infecting strains. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms, many derived from recombination events, and gene gain and loss events separated olive-infecting strains from coffee-infecting strains in this clade. The olive-specific variation suggests that this event was a host jump with genetic isolation between coffee- and olive-infecting X. fastidiosa populations. Next, we investigated the hypothesis of genetic convergence in the host shift from coffee to olive in both populations (Brazil and Italy). Each clade had multiple mutations and gene gain and loss events unique to olive, yet no overlap between clades. Using a genome-wide association study technique, we did not find any plausible candidates for convergence. Overall, this work suggests that the two populations adapted to infect olive trees through independent genetic solutions.
Published: 2023

39. Collaboration strategies and corresponding authorship in Agronomy research of Brazilian academic and non‑academic institutions

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Xunta de Galicia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-4567, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-0386, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-0108, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-4478, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-1232, de Souza Vanz, Samile Andréa, Gracio, Maria Claudia Cabrini, de Oliveira, Sandra Cristina, Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida, Docampo, Domingo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Xunta de Galicia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-4567, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-0386, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-0108, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-4478, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-1232, de Souza Vanz, Samile Andréa, Gracio, Maria Claudia Cabrini, de Oliveira, Sandra Cristina, Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida, and Docampo, Domingo
Abstract: Agricultural Sciences have become one of Brazil’s most efficient and sustainable research areas, where most publications benefit from scientific collaboration. The present study analyzes the influence of the designation as the corresponding author to researchers linked to Brazilian institutions on the impact of co-authored articles in the category Agronomy from the Web of Science for five-year periods from 2005 to 2019. We have observed a noticeable growth in the number of documents in collaboration between the five-year periods. However, international partnership in the area still needs to be improved, although it is higher in non-academic institutions. The study verified that the documents published by Brazilian authors with international colleagues present a higher normalized citation impact in all types of institutions and five-year periods than documents with national collaboration. The total number of articles, their normalized citation impact, and the percentage of documents as the corresponding author of academic institutions presented less variation than non-academic institutions. For Brazilian academic institutions, assuming the role of the corresponding author of co-authored articles in Agronomy has little influence on citation impact. As for non-academic institutions, we found an association between the corresponding authorship position within the scope of international collaboration and the higher impact of their scientific production. We point out some potential implications and briefly describe the limitations and future research.
Published: 2023

40. Stress response of Rhamdia quelen to the interaction stocking density - Feeding regimen

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Baldisserotto, Bernardo [0000-0002-8770-0100], Silva, Hugo Napoleão Pereira da, Almeida, Ana Paula G., Souza, Carine F., Mancera, Juan Miguel, Martos-Sitcha, Juan Antonio, Martínez-Rodríguez, Gonzalo, Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Baldisserotto, Bernardo [0000-0002-8770-0100], Silva, Hugo Napoleão Pereira da, Almeida, Ana Paula G., Souza, Carine F., Mancera, Juan Miguel, Martos-Sitcha, Juan Antonio, Martínez-Rodríguez, Gonzalo, and Baldisserotto, Bernardo
Abstract: This study aimed to verify the effect of different feeding and stocking conditions during 14 days on the gene expression of several hormones and enzymes related to the stress cascade and metabolic parameters in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen under the following experimental conditions: 1) fed at low stocking density (2.5 kg m-3, LSD-F); 2) fed at high stocking density (32 kg m-3, HSD-F); 3) food-deprived at LSD (LSD-FD); and 4) food-deprived at HSD (HSD-FD). Fish from LSD-F and HSD-F groups were fed daily (1 % of their body mass), while fish from food-deprived groups (LSD-FD and HSD-FD) were not fed during the experimental time. Plasma metabolic parameters (glucose, lactate, triglycerides, and proteins) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were evaluated. In addition, mRNA expression of genes related to the stress axis (crh, pomca, pomcb, nr3c2, star, hsd11b2 and hsd20b), heat shock protein family (hsp90 and hspa12a), sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (slc6a2), and growth axis (gh and igf1) were also assessed. Specific growth rate and HSI decreased in food-deprived fish regardless of stocking density. The HSD-FD group showed weight loss compared to the HSD-F, LSD-F, and LSD-FD groups. Plasma glucose and triglycerides were reduced in food-deprived groups, while lactate and protein levels did not change. The expression of key players of the stress response (crh, pomca, pomcb, hsd11b2, nr3c2, and hsp90b) and growth (gh and igf1) pathways were differently regulated depending on the experimental condition, whereas no statistical difference between treatments was found for hsd20b, scl6a2, hspa12a, and star mRNAs expression. This study suggests that LSD acts as a stressor affecting negatively the physiological status of fed fish, as demonstrated by the reduction in growth rates, altered metabolic orchestration, and a higher crh mRNA expression. In addition, food deprivation also increased mRNA expression of other assessed genes (nr3c2, hsp90b, pomca, and pomcb) in fish fr
Published: 2023

41. The chemodynamical nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science Foundation (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Abuchaim, Yuri, Perottoni, Hélio D., Rossi, Silvia, Limberg, Guilherme, Pérez-Villegas, Angeles, Santucci, Rafael M., Placco, Vinicius M., Sales-Silva, João V., Anders, Friedrich, Rocha-Pinto, Helio J., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science Foundation (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Abuchaim, Yuri, Perottoni, Hélio D., Rossi, Silvia, Limberg, Guilherme, Pérez-Villegas, Angeles, Santucci, Rafael M., Placco, Vinicius M., Sales-Silva, João V., Anders, Friedrich, and Rocha-Pinto, Helio J.
Abstract: We present a chemodynamical study of the Triangulum–Andromeda overdensity (TriAnd) employing a sample of 31 candidate stars observed with the GRACES high-resolution (R = 40,000) spectrograph at the Gemini North (8.1 m) telescope. TriAnd is a stellar substructure found toward the outer disk of the Milky Way, located at RGC ∼ 18 kpc from the Sun, toward Galactic latitude b ∼ 25°. Most stars in our sample have dynamical properties compatible with a disk stellar population. In addition, by applying an eccentricity cut, we are able to detect a stellar contamination that seems to be consistent with an accreted population. In chemical abundance space, the majority of our TriAnd candidates are similar to the outer thin-disk population, suggesting that the overdensity has an in situ origin. Finally, the found accreted halo interlopers spatially overlapping with TriAnd should explain the historical discussion of the overdensity's nature due to its complex chemical patterns.
Published: 2023

42. Phase-space properties and chemistry of the Sagittarius stellar stream down to the extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ −3) regime

Author: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Commission, European Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, National Science Foundation (US), Limberg, Guilherme, Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade, Perottoni, Hélio D., Rossi, Silvia, Amarante, Joao A. S., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), European Commission, European Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, National Science Foundation (US), Limberg, Guilherme, Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade, Perottoni, Hélio D., Rossi, Silvia, and Amarante, Joao A. S.
Abstract: In this work, we study the phase-space and chemical properties of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream, the tidal tails produced by the ongoing destruction of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, focusing on its very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] < −2) content. We combine spectroscopic and astrometric information from SEGUE and Gaia EDR3, respectively, with data products from a new large-scale run of the StarHorse spectrophotometric code. Our selection criteria yield ∼1600 stream members, including >200 VMP stars. We find the leading arm (b > 0°) of the Sgr stream to be more metal-poor, by ∼0.2 dex, than the trailing one (b < 0°). With a subsample of turnoff and subgiant stars, we estimate this substructure's stellar population to be ∼1 Gyr older than the thick disk's. With the aid of an N-body model of the Sgr system, we verify that simulated particles stripped earlier (>2 Gyr ago) have present-day phase-space properties similar to lower metallicity stream stars. Conversely, those stripped more recently (<2 Gyr) are preferentially akin to metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −1) members of the stream. Such correlation between kinematics and chemistry can be explained by the existence of a dynamically hotter, less centrally concentrated, and more metal-poor population in Sgr dSph prior to its disruption, implying that this galaxy was able to develop a metallicity gradient before its accretion. Finally, we identified several carbon-enhanced metal-poor ([C/Fe] > +0.7 and [Fe/H] ≤ −1.5) stars in the Sgr stream, which might be in tension with current observations of its remaining core where such objects are not found.
Published: 2023

43. QCD equation of state at finite isospin density from the linear sigma model with quarks: The cold case

Author: SCOAP, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), German Research Foundation, Ayala, Alejandro, Bandyopadhyay, Aritra, Farias, Ricardo L. S., Hernández, Luis Alberto, Hernández, José Luis, SCOAP, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), German Research Foundation, Ayala, Alejandro, Bandyopadhyay, Aritra, Farias, Ricardo L. S., Hernández, Luis Alberto, and Hernández, José Luis
Abstract: We use the two-flavor Linear Sigma Model with quarks to study the phase structure of isospin asymmetric matter at zero temperature. The meson degrees of freedom provide the mean field chiral and isospin condensates on top of which we compute the effective potential accounting for constituent quark fluctuations at one-loop order. Using the renormalizability of the model, we absorb the ultraviolet divergences into suitable counterterms that are added respecting the original structure of the theory. These counterterms are determined from the stability conditions which require the effective potential to have minima in the condensates directions at the classical values, as well as the transition from the noncondensed to the condensed phase to be smooth as a function of the isospin chemical potential. We use the model to study the evolution of the condensates as well as the pressure, energy and isospin densities and the sound velocity as functions of the isospin chemical potential. The approach does a good average description up to isospin chemical potentials values not too large as compared to the vacuum pion mass.
Published: 2023

44. Ecological processes structuring the ocean microbiome across space and time

Author: Logares, Ramiro, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Junger, Pedro C., Logares, Ramiro, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), and Junger, Pedro C.
Abstract: [EN] The marine microbiome, including prokaryotes and minute unicellular eukaryotes, stands for a great part of biodiversity and is essential for ocean food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. Yet, investigating their diversity and ecology was challenging due to sampling and methodological constraints. Modern molecular and bioinformatic tools together with recent large-scale oceanographic sampling cruises (e.g. Tara Oceans and Malaspina) have helped the scientific community to assess the ocean’s microbial diversity with an unprecedented depth of analysis. Recent studies have revealed that microbial communities display latitudinal, seasonal, and depthrelated patterns. However, there is still a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying these biogeographical patterns. In this thesis, I have applied theoretical ecology on DNA sequencing data to disentangle the main ecological processes shaping the ocean’s microbiome across space and time. To do so, I have combined molecular data from two global oceanographic cruises (Tara Oceans and Malaspina), one regional cruise (HotMix Cruise) in the Mediterranean Sea, and from microbial observatories located in different latitudes. First, I demonstrate the high impact of the Theory of Ecological Communities (Vellend 2010, 2016) on the field of microbial ecology using a scientometric approach. Second, I investigated the relative importance of ecological processes (selection, dispersal limitation and ecological drift) shaping picoplankton communities inhabiting different ocean layers. To accomplish this goal, I analyzed 16S- and 18S-rRNA-gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from samples (N=688) covering the epi- (0-200 m), meso- (200-1,000 m) and bathypelagic (1,000-4,000 m) layers of the ocean. I found that the role of selection decreased with depth due to a potential decrease in habitat heterogeneity. Conversely, the relative importance of dispersal limitation increased with depth due to dispersal barriers such as the, [BR] O microbioma marinho, incluindo procariontes e minúsculos eucariontes unicelulares, representa uma grande parte da biodiversidade e é essencial em teias tróficas e ciclos biogeoquímicos globais. No entanto, investigar a diversidade e ecologia microbiana em escala global era um desafio por limitações metodológicas e amostrais. A combinação de ferramentas moleculares e bioinformáticas modernas à grandes expedições oceanográficas (ex.: Tara Oceans e Malaspina) permitiram a descoberta de padrões de diversidade microbiana em escala global. Estudos recentes revelaram que as comunidades microbianas apresentam padrões latitudinais, sazonais e de profundidade. No entanto, ainda há uma compreensão limitada dos mecanismos ecológicos que estão por trás destes padrões biogeográficos. Nesta tese, apliquei ecologia teórica à dados de sequenciamento de DNA para investigar os principais processos ecológicos que moldam comunidades microbianas em diferentes camadas de profundidade e regiões latitudinais do oceano. Para isso, combinei dados moleculares de duas expedições oceanográficas globais (Tara Oceans e Malaspina), de uma expedição regional (HotMix Cruise) no Mar Mediterrâneo e de observatórios microbianos localizados em diferentes latitudes. Primeiro, demonstro o alto impacto da Teoria das Comunidades Ecológicas (Vellend 2010, 2016) no campo da ecologia microbiana utilizando uma abordagem cienciométrica. Em segundo lugar, investiguei a importância relativa dos processos ecológicos (seleção, limitação de dispersão e deriva ecológica) na montagem de comunidades microbianas que habitam diferentes camadas oceânicas. Para atingir este objetivo, analisei variantes únicas de sequências de amplicons (ASVs) dos genes 16S- e 18S-rRNA de amostras (N=688) cobrindo as camadas epi- (0-200 m), meso- (200-1.000 m) e batipelágicas (1.000-4.000 m) do oceano. Enquanto a importância relativa da seleção diminuiu com a profundidade devido a um potencial diminuição da heterogeneidade do habitat, a
Published: 2023

45. Orbital magnetoelectric effect in nanoribbons of transition metal dichalcogenides

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), US Army Research Office, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cysne, Tarik P. [0000-0002-3830-3571], Guimarães, Filipe S. M. [0000-0002-5618-6727], Cysne, Tarik P., Guimarães, Filipe S. M., Canonico, Luis M., Costa, Marcio, Rappoport, Tatiana G., Muniz, R. B., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), US Army Research Office, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cysne, Tarik P. [0000-0002-3830-3571], Guimarães, Filipe S. M. [0000-0002-5618-6727], Cysne, Tarik P., Guimarães, Filipe S. M., Canonico, Luis M., Costa, Marcio, Rappoport, Tatiana G., and Muniz, R. B.
Abstract: The orbital magnetoelectric effect (OME) generically refers to the appearance of an orbital magnetization induced by an applied electric field. Here, we show that nanoribbons of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with zigzag edges may exhibit a sizable OME activated by an electric field applied along the ribbons' axis. We examine nanoribbons extracted from a monolayer (1L) and a bilayer (2L) of MoS 2 in the trigonal structural phase. Transverse profiles of the induced orbital angular momentum accumulations are calculated to first order in the longitudinally applied electric field. Our results show that close to the nanoribbon's edge-state crossings energy, the orbital angular momentum accumulations take place mainly around the ribbons' edges. They have two contributions: one arising from the orbital Hall effect (OHE) and the other consisting in the OME. The former is transversely antisymmetric with respect to the principal axis of the nanoribbon, whereas the latter is symmetric and hence responsible for the resultant orbital magnetization induced in the system. We found that the orbital accumulation originating from the OHE for the 1L nanoribbon is approximately half that of a 2L nanoribbon. Furthermore, while the OME can reach fairly high values in 1L-TMD nanoribbons, it vanishes in the 2L ones that preserve spatial inversion symmetry. The microscopic features that justify our findings are also discussed.
Published: 2023

46. Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger NCLX regulates glycolysis in astrocytes, impacting on cognitive performance

Author: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, Cabral-Costa, João Victor, Vicente-Gutiérrez, Carlos, Agulla, Jesús, Lapresa, Rebeca, Elrod, John W., Almeida, Angeles, Bolaños, Juan P., Kowaltowski, Alicia J., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Castilla y León, Cabral-Costa, João Victor, Vicente-Gutiérrez, Carlos, Agulla, Jesús, Lapresa, Rebeca, Elrod, John W., Almeida, Angeles, Bolaños, Juan P., and Kowaltowski, Alicia J.
Abstract: Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are strictly controlled by plasma membrane transporters, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, in which Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc), while efflux occurs mainly through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). RNAseq database repository searches led us to identify the Nclx transcript as highly enriched in astrocytes when compared with neurons. To assess the role of NCLX in mouse primary culture astrocytes, we inhibited its function both pharmacologically or genetically. This resulted in re-shaping of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and a metabolic shift that increased glycolytic flux and lactate secretion in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Interestingly, in vivo genetic deletion of NCLX in hippocampal astrocytes improved cognitive performance in behavioral tasks, whereas hippocampal neuron-specific deletion of NCLX impaired cognitive performance. These results unveil a role for NCLX as a novel modulator of astrocytic glucose metabolism, impacting on cognition.
Published: 2023

47. Catalog of magnetic white dwarfs with hydrogen dominated atmospheres

Author: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Amorim, L. L., Kepler, Souza Oliveira, Külebi, Baybars, Jordan, Stefan, Romero, A. D., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Amorim, L. L., Kepler, Souza Oliveira, Külebi, Baybars, Jordan, Stefan, and Romero, A. D.
Abstract: White dwarfs are excellent research laboratories as they reach temperatures, pressures, and magnetic fields that are unattainable on Earth. To better understand how these three physical parameters interact with each other and with other stellar features, we determined the magnetic field strength for a total of 804 hydrogen-rich white dwarfs (WDs) of which 287 are not in the literature. We fitted the spectra observed with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using atmospheric models that consider the Zeeman effect due to the magnetic field at each point in the stellar disk. Comparing magnetic and nonmagnetic WDs, the literature already shows that the magnetic ones have on average higher mass than the nonmagnetic. In addition to that, magnetic fields are more common in cooler WDs than in hotter WDs. In consonance, we found that those with higher magnetic field strengths tend to have higher masses, and lower temperatures, for which models indicate the crystallization process has already started. This reinforces the hypothesis that the field is being generated and/or amplified in the cooling process of the white dwarf. Our sample constitutes the largest number of white dwarfs with determined magnetic fields to date.
Published: 2023

48. Geometry Optimization for Miniaturized Thermoelectric Generators

Author: Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Dalkiranis, Gustavo G. [0000-0001-9590-9249], Oliveira, Osvaldo N. [0000-0002-5399-5860], Faria, Gregório C. [0000-0001-6138-8473], Dalkiranis, Gustavo G., Bocchi, João H. C., Oliveira, Osvaldo N., Faria, Gregório C., Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Dalkiranis, Gustavo G. [0000-0001-9590-9249], Oliveira, Osvaldo N. [0000-0002-5399-5860], Faria, Gregório C. [0000-0001-6138-8473], Dalkiranis, Gustavo G., Bocchi, João H. C., Oliveira, Osvaldo N., and Faria, Gregório C.
Abstract: Thermoelectric materials capable of converting heat into electrical energy are used in sustainable electric generators, whose efficiency has been normally increased with incorporation of new materials with high figure of merit (ZT) values. Because the performance of these thermoelectric generators (TEGs) also depends on device geometry, in this study we employ the finite element method to determine optimized geometries for highly efficient miniaturized TEGs. We investigated devices with similar fill factors but with different thermoelectric leg geometries (filled and hollow). Our results show that devices with legs of hollow geometry are more efficient than those with filled geometry for the same length and cross-sectional area of thermoelectric legs. This behavior was observed for thermoelectric leg lengths smaller than 0.1 mm, where the leg shape causes a significant difference in temperature distribution along the device. It was found that for reaching highly efficient miniaturized TEGs, one has to consider the leg geometry in addition to the thermal conductivity.
Published: 2023

49. Chemodynamical properties and ages of metal-poor stars in S-PLUS

Author: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, European Research Council, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universidad de La Serena (Chile), Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Almeida-Fernandes, F., Placco, Vinicius M., Rocha-Pinto, Helio J., Fernandes, M. B., Limberg, Guilherme, Beraldo e Silva, Leandro, Amarante, Joao A. S., Perottoni, Hélio D., Overzier, R., Schoenell, William, Ribeiro, T., Kanaan, A., Mendes de Oliveira, C., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, European Research Council, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universidad de La Serena (Chile), Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Almeida-Fernandes, F., Placco, Vinicius M., Rocha-Pinto, Helio J., Fernandes, M. B., Limberg, Guilherme, Beraldo e Silva, Leandro, Amarante, Joao A. S., Perottoni, Hélio D., Overzier, R., Schoenell, William, Ribeiro, T., Kanaan, A., and Mendes de Oliveira, C.
Abstract: Metal-poor stars are key to our understanding of the early stages of chemical evolution in the Universe. New multifilter surveys, such as the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), are greatly advancing our ability to select low-metallicity stars. In this work, we analyse the chemodynamical properties and ages of 522 metal-poor candidates selected from the S-PLUS data release 3. About 92 per cent of these stars were confirmed to be metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −1) based on previous medium-resolution spectroscopy. We calculated the dynamical properties of a subsample containing 241 stars, using the astrometry from Gaia Data Release 3. Stellar ages are estimated by a Bayesian isochronal method formalized in this work. We analyse the metallicity distribution of these metal-poor candidates separated into different subgroups of total velocity, dynamical properties, and ages. Our results are used to propose further restrictions to optimize the selection of metal-poor candidates in S-PLUS. The proposed astrometric selection (parallax >0.85 mas) is the one that returns the highest fraction of extremely metal-poor stars (16.3 per cent have [Fe/H] ≤ −3); the combined selection provides the highest fraction of very metal-poor stars (91.0 per cent have [Fe/H] ≤ −2), whereas the dynamical selection (eccentricity >0.35 and discness < 0.75) is better for targeting metal-poor (99.5 per cent have [Fe/H] ≤ −1). Using only S-PLUS photometric selections, it is possible to achieve selection fractions of 15.6, 88.5, and 98.3 per cent for metallicities below −3, −2, and −1, respectively. We also show that it is possible to use S-PLUS to target metal-poor stars in halo substructures such as Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus, Sequoia, Thamnos, and the Helmi stream.
Published: 2023

50. Connecting Higher-Order Topology with the Orbital Hall Effect in Monolayers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Author: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanomateriais de Carbono (Brasil), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Costa, Marcio [0000-0003-1029-8202], Focassio, Bruno [0000-0003-4811-7729], Canonico, Luis M. [0000-0001-9266-7213], Schleder, Gabriel R. [0000-0003-3129-8682], Rappoport, Tatiana G. [0000-0002-1878-5956], Costa, Marcio, Focassio, Bruno, Canonico, Luis M., Cysne, Tarik P., Schleder, Gabriel R., Muniz, R. B., Fazzio, Adalberto, Rappoport, Tatiana G., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanomateriais de Carbono (Brasil), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Costa, Marcio [0000-0003-1029-8202], Focassio, Bruno [0000-0003-4811-7729], Canonico, Luis M. [0000-0001-9266-7213], Schleder, Gabriel R. [0000-0003-3129-8682], Rappoport, Tatiana G. [0000-0002-1878-5956], Costa, Marcio, Focassio, Bruno, Canonico, Luis M., Cysne, Tarik P., Schleder, Gabriel R., Muniz, R. B., Fazzio, Adalberto, and Rappoport, Tatiana G.
Abstract: Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the 2H structural phase have been recently classified as higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), protected by C_{3} rotation symmetry. In addition, theoretical calculations show an orbital Hall plateau in the insulating gap of TMDs, characterized by an orbital Chern number. We explore the correlation between these two phenomena in TMD monolayers in two structural phases: the noncentrosymmetric 2H and the centrosymmetric 1T. Using density functional theory, we confirm the characteristics of 2H TMDs and reveal that 1T TMDs are identified by a Z_{4} topological invariant. As a result, when cut along appropriate directions, they host conducting edge states, which cross their bulk energy-band gaps and can transport orbital angular momentum. Our linear response calculations thus indicate that the HOTI phase is accompanied by an orbital Hall effect. Using general symmetry arguments, we establish a connection between the two phenomena with potential implications for orbitronics and spin orbitronics.
Published: 2023

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