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1. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, Manuel de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos, J., Chen-Chen, H., Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. del, Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Domínguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, F., Fairen, A.G., Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, R., Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, M., Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A.M., Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J.J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, A., Lemmon, M.T., López, G., Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín-Soler, J., Martínez, G., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Moreno-Álvarez, J.F., Navarro, S., Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, V., Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Ramos, M., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Sebastian, E., Toledo, D., Torrero, F., Torres, J., Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)

Abstract

86 pags., 49 figs., 24 tabs. NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate.

Published
2021

2. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Research Council, Rodríguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, M. de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos-Cáceres, J., Chen-Chen, H, Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, de Vicente Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Díaz-Espejo, Antonio, González Fairén, Alberto, Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, Ricardo, Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, Felipe, Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A-M, Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, Alain, Lemmon, M.T., López, G, Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín Soler, Javier, Martínez, G., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, Sara, Newman, C E, Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, Verónica, Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, Jorge, Polkko, J., Postigo Cacho, Marina, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Ramos, M. Ángeles, Richardson, M. I., Romeral Planelló, Julio J., Romero, C, Runyon, K D, Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastián-Martínez, Eduardo, Smith, M D, Sullivan, R J, Tamppari, L K, Thompson, A D, Toledo, D, Torrero, F, Torres-Redondo, Josefina, Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Research Council, Rodríguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, M. de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos-Cáceres, J., Chen-Chen, H, Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, de Vicente Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Díaz-Espejo, Antonio, González Fairén, Alberto, Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, Ricardo, Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, Felipe, Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A-M, Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, Alain, Lemmon, M.T., López, G, Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín Soler, Javier, Martínez, G., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, Sara, Newman, C E, Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, Verónica, Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, Jorge, Polkko, J., Postigo Cacho, Marina, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Ramos, M. Ángeles, Richardson, M. I., Romeral Planelló, Julio J., Romero, C, Runyon, K D, Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastián-Martínez, Eduardo, Smith, M D, Sullivan, R J, Tamppari, L K, Thompson, A D, Toledo, D, Torrero, F, Torres-Redondo, Josefina, Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.

Published
2021

3. Heavy Noble Gas Measurements on Mars with SAM

Author

Conrad, P.G, Malespin, C, Manning, H, Schwenzer, S. P, Atreya, S, Brinckerhoff, W. B, Eigenbrode, J, Farley, K, Franz, H, Glavin, D. P, Jones, J, Mahaffy, P. M, Owen, T, Pepin, R. O, Steele, A, Treiman, A, and Wong, M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Published
2013

8. Light and variable 37 Cl/ 35 Cl ratios in rocks from Gale Crater, Mars: Possible signature of perchlorate

Author

Farley, K.A., primary, Martin, P., additional, Archer, P.D., additional, Atreya, S.K., additional, Conrad, P.G., additional, Eigenbrode, J.L., additional, Fairén, A.G., additional, Franz, H.B., additional, Freissinet, C., additional, Glavin, D.P., additional, Mahaffy, P.R., additional, Malespin, C., additional, Ming, D.W., additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, R., additional, and Sutter, B., additional

Published
2016
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9. In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the martian surface

Author

Farley, K.A., Malespin, C., Mahaffy, P., Grotzinger, J.P., Vasconcelos, P.M., Milliken, R.E., Malin, M., Edgett, K.S., Pavlov, A.A., Hurowitz, J.A., Grant, J.A., Miller, H.B., Arvidson, R., Beegle, L., Calef, F., Conrad, P.G., Dietrich, W.E., Eigenbrode, J., Gellert, R., Gupta, S., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D.M., Lewis, K.W., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Navarro-González, R., Schwenzer, S.P., Steele, A., Stolper, E.M., Sumner, D.Y., Vaniman, D., Vasavada, A., Williford, K., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Princeton University, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Dept. of Physical Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Kiel University, GeoRessources, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Extraterrestrial Environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Surface Properties, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars, mudstone, Radiation Dosage, Noble Gases, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes, Impact crater, Exobiology, 0103 physical sciences, MSL, Organic Chemicals, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Radiogenic nuclide, Radiometric Dating, Authigenic, Gale Crater, Scarp retreat, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Radiometric dating, Sedimentary rock, Evolution, Planetary, Deposition (chemistry), Biomarkers, Cosmic Radiation
Abstract

We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 ± 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray–produced 3 He, 21 Ne, and 36 Ar yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 ± 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation.

Published
2013
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10. Volatile and organic compositions of sedimentary rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Ming, D.W., Archer Jr., P.D., Glavin, D.P., Eigenbrode, J.L., Franz, H.B., Sutter, B., Brunner, A.E., Stern, J.C., Freissinet, C., McAdam, A.C., Mahaffy, P.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Campbell, J.L., Atreya, S.K., Niles, P.B., Bell III, J.F., Bish, D.L., Brinckerhoff, W.B., Buch, A., Conrad, P.G., Des Marais, D.J., Ehlmann, B.L., Fairén, A.G., Farley, K., Flesch, G.J., Francois, P., Gellert, R., Grant, J.A., Grotzinger, J.P., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J.A., Leshin, L.A., Lewis, K.W., McLennan, S.M., Miller, K.E., Moersch, J., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A.A., Perrett, G.M., Pradler, I., Squyres, S.W., Summons, R.E., Steele, A., Stolper, E.M., Sumner, D.Y., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Treiman, A.H., Vaniman, D.T., Vasavada, A.R., Webster, C.R., Wray, J.J., Yingst, R.A., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Ming, D.W., Archer Jr., P.D., Glavin, D.P., Eigenbrode, J.L., Franz, H.B., Sutter, B., Brunner, A.E., Stern, J.C., Freissinet, C., McAdam, A.C., Mahaffy, P.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Campbell, J.L., Atreya, S.K., Niles, P.B., Bell III, J.F., Bish, D.L., Brinckerhoff, W.B., Buch, A., Conrad, P.G., Des Marais, D.J., Ehlmann, B.L., Fairén, A.G., Farley, K., Flesch, G.J., Francois, P., Gellert, R., Grant, J.A., Grotzinger, J.P., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hurowitz, J.A., Leshin, L.A., Lewis, K.W., McLennan, S.M., Miller, K.E., Moersch, J., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Pavlov, A.A., Perrett, G.M., Pradler, I., Squyres, S.W., Summons, R.E., Steele, A., Stolper, E.M., Sumner, D.Y., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Treiman, A.H., Vaniman, D.T., Vasavada, A.R., Webster, C.R., Wray, J.J., Yingst, R.A., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

11. In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the Martian surface

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Farley, K.A., Malespin, C., Mahaffy, P., Grotzinger, J.P., Vasconcelos, P.M., Milliken, R.E., Malin, M., Edgett, K.S., Pavlov, A.A., Hurowitz, J.A., Grant, J.A., Miller, H.B., Arvidson, R., Beegle, L., Calef, F., Conrad, P.G., Dietrich, W.E., Eigenbrode, J., Gellert, R., Gupta, S., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D.M., Lewis, K.W., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Navarro-González, R., Schwenzer, S.P., Steele, A., Stolper, E.M., Sumner, D.Y., Vaniman, D., Vasavada, A., Williford, K., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Farley, K.A., Malespin, C., Mahaffy, P., Grotzinger, J.P., Vasconcelos, P.M., Milliken, R.E., Malin, M., Edgett, K.S., Pavlov, A.A., Hurowitz, J.A., Grant, J.A., Miller, H.B., Arvidson, R., Beegle, L., Calef, F., Conrad, P.G., Dietrich, W.E., Eigenbrode, J., Gellert, R., Gupta, S., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D.M., Lewis, K.W., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Navarro-González, R., Schwenzer, S.P., Steele, A., Stolper, E.M., Sumner, D.Y., Vaniman, D., Vasavada, A., Williford, K., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

12. A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Grotzinger, J.P., Sumner, D.Y., Kah, L.C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P.G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef III, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S.M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K.S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R.C., Maurice, S., Grant, J.A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R.C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R.S., Rice, M., Bell III, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R.B., Bristow, T.F., Dietrich, W.E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L.A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2014

13. Abundance and isotopic composition of gases in the martian atmosphere from the Curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Atreya, S.K., Franz, H., Wong, M., Conrad, P.G., Harpold, D., Jones, J.J., Leshin, L.A., Manning, H., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Trainer, M., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

14. Volatile, isotope, and organic analysis of martian fines with the Mars curiosity rover

Author

NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., MSL Science Team, the, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Leshin, L.A., Mahaffy, P.R., Webster, C.R., Cabane, M., Coll, P., Conrad, P.G., Archer Jr., P.D., Atreya, S.K., Brunner, A.E., Buch, A., Eigenbrode, J.L., Flesch, G.J., Franz, H.B., Freissinet, C., Glavin, D.P., McAdam, A.C., Miller, K.E., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Navarro-González, R., Niles, P.B., Owen, T., Pepin, R.O., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stern, J.C., Summons, R.E., Sumner, D.Y., Sutter, B., Szopa, C., Teinturier, S., Trainer, M.G., Wray, J.J., Grotzinger, J.P., and MSL Science Team, the

Published
2013

17. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in young colorectal cancer patients: High-risk clinic versus population-based registry

Author

Terdiman, J.P., Levin, T.R., Allen, B.A., Gum, J.R., Fishbach, A., Conrad, P.G., Miller, G.A., Weinberg, V., Bachman, R., Bergoffen, J., Stembridge, A., Toribara, N.W., Sleisenger, M.H., and Kim, Y.S.

Abstract

Background & Aims:: Early onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important feature of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). We sought to compare rates of genetically defined HNPCC among individuals with early onset CRC drawn from a high-risk clinic and a population-based cancer registry. Methods:: Probands with CRC diagnosed before 36 years of age were enrolled from a high-risk CRC clinic at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and a population-based Kaiser Permanente (KP) Health Plan cancer registry. Probands provided cancer family histories and tumors for microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and MSH2/MLH1 protein immunostaining. Germline MSH2 and MLH1 mutational analysis was performed. Results:: Forty-three probands were enrolled from UCSF and 23 from KP. The UCSF and KP probands had similar median age of onset of CRC (30 vs. 31 years) and the percentage with any personal or family history of another HNPCGrelated cancer (70% vs. 74%). However, 28 of 40 (70%) of the UCSF tumors were MSI-H compared with 6 of 18 (33%) of KP tumors (P = 0.01), and 13 germline MSH2 or MLH1 mutations were found in the UCSF group compared with 0 in the KP group (P = 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, institution (P = 0.002) and the total number of colorectal cancers in the family (P = 0.0001) were independent predictors of MSH2 or MLH1 mutation. Conclusions:: Family history of cancer is an important feature of HNPCC. even among individuals with early onset CRC. Caution must be undertaken when extrapolating data regarding HNPCC from high-risk clinic populations to the general population.

Published
2002
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