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1. Enabling conservation theories of change

Author

Buelow, Christina A., Connolly, Rod M., Dunic, Jillian C., Griffiths, Laura, Holgate, Briana, Lee, Shing Yip, Mackey, Brendan G., Maxwell, Paul S., Pearson, Ryan M., Rajkaran, Anusha, Sievers, Michael, Sousa, Ana I., Tulloch, Vivitskaia J. D., Turschwell, Mischa P., Villarreal-Rosas, Jaramar, and Brown, Christopher J.

Published
2024
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3. Human Actions Alter Tidal Marsh Seascapes and the Provision of Ecosystem Services

Author

Gilby, Ben L, Weinstein, Michael P, Baker, Ronald, Cebrian, Just, Alford, Scott B, Chelsky, Ariella, Colombano, Denise, Connolly, Rod M, Currin, Carolyn A, Feller, Ilka C, Frank, Alyssa, Goeke, Janelle A, Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A, Hardcastle, Felicity E, Henderson, Christopher J, Martin, Charles W, McDonald, Ashley E, Morrison, Blair H, Olds, Andrew D, Rehage, Jennifer S, Waltham, Nathan J, and Ziegler, Shelby L

Subjects
Climate Action, Life on Land, Life Below Water, Climate change, Ecological functions, Fisheries, Nutrients, Shoreline protection, Urbanization, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Marine Biology & Hydrobiology
Abstract

Tidal marshes are a key component of coastal seascape mosaics that support a suite of socially and economically valuable ecosystem services, including recreational opportunities (e.g., fishing, birdwatching), habitat for fisheries species, improved water quality, and shoreline protection. The capacity for tidal marshes to support these services is, however, threatened by increasingly widespread human impacts that reduce the extent and condition of tidal marshes across multiple spatial scales and that vary substantially through time. Climate change causes species redistribution at continental scales, changes in weather patterns (e.g., rainfall), and a worsening of the effect of coastal squeeze through sea level rise. Simultaneously, the effects of urbanization such as habitat loss, eutrophication, fishing, and the spread of invasive species interact with each other, and with climate change, to fundamentally change the structure and functioning of tidal marshes and their food webs. These changes affect tidal marshes at local scales through changes in plant community composition, complexity, and condition and at regional scales through changes in habitat extent, configuration, and connectivity. However, research into the full effects of these multi-scaled, interactive stressors on ecosystem service provision in tidal marshes is in its infancy and is somewhat geographically restricted. This hinders our capacity to quickly and effectively curb loss and degradation of both tidal marshes and the services they deliver with targeted management actions. We highlight ten priority research questions seeking to quantify the consequences and scales of human impacts on tidal marshes that should be answered to improve management and restoration plans.

Published
2021

4. Climate Change Implications for Tidal Marshes and Food Web Linkages to Estuarine and Coastal Nekton

Author

Colombano, Denise D, Litvin, Steven Y, Ziegler, Shelby L, Alford, Scott B, Baker, Ronald, Barbeau, Myriam A, Cebrián, Just, Connolly, Rod M, Currin, Carolyn A, Deegan, Linda A, Lesser, Justin S, Martin, Charles W, McDonald, Ashley E, McLuckie, Catherine, Morrison, Blair H, Pahl, James W, Risse, L Mark, Smith, Joseph AM, Staver, Lorie W, Turner, R Eugene, and Waltham, Nathan J

Subjects
Climate Action, Life Below Water, Tidal wetlands, Seascapes, Multiple stressors, Ecosystem resilience, Trophic relays, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Marine Biology & Hydrobiology
Abstract

Climate change is altering naturally fluctuating environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine ecosystems across the globe. Departures from long-term averages and ranges of environmental variables are increasingly being observed as directional changes [e.g., rising sea levels, sea surface temperatures (SST)] and less predictable periodic cycles (e.g., Atlantic or Pacific decadal oscillations) and extremes (e.g., coastal flooding, marine heatwaves). Quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on tidal marsh seascape structure and function for nekton is a critical step toward fisheries conservation and management. The multiple stressor framework provides a promising approach for advancing integrative, cross-disciplinary research on tidal marshes and food web dynamics. It can be used to quantify climate change effects on and interactions between coastal oceans (e.g., SST, ocean currents, waves) and watersheds (e.g., precipitation, river flows), tidal marsh geomorphology (e.g., vegetation structure, elevation capital, sedimentation), and estuarine and coastal nekton (e.g., species distributions, life history adaptations, predator-prey dynamics). However, disentangling the cumulative impacts of multiple interacting stressors on tidal marshes, whether the effects are additive, synergistic, or antagonistic, and the time scales at which they occur, poses a significant research challenge. This perspective highlights the key physical and ecological processes affecting tidal marshes, with an emphasis on the trophic linkages between marsh production and estuarine and coastal nekton, recommended for consideration in future climate change studies. Such studies are urgently needed to understand climate change effects on tidal marshes now and into the future.

Published
2021

5. Geographic Variation in Salt Marsh Structure and Function for Nekton: a Guide to Finding Commonality Across Multiple Scales

Author

Ziegler, Shelby L, Baker, Ronald, Crosby, Sarah C, Colombano, Denise D, Barbeau, Myriam A, Cebrian, Just, Connolly, Rod M, Deegan, Linda A, Gilby, Ben L, Mallick, Debbrota, Martin, Charles W, Nelson, James A, Reinhardt, James F, Simenstad, Charles A, Waltham, Nathan J, Worthington, Thomas A, and Rozas, Lawrence P

Subjects
Life on Land, Salt marshes, Spatial scales, Environmental drivers, Global networks, Open science, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Marine Biology & Hydrobiology
Abstract

Coastal salt marshes are distributed widely across the globe and are considered essential habitat for many fish and crustacean species. Yet, the literature on fishery support by salt marshes has largely been based on a few geographically distinct model systems, and as a result, inadequately captures the hierarchical nature of salt marsh pattern, process, and variation across space and time. A better understanding of geographic variation and drivers of commonalities and differences across salt marsh systems is essential to informing future management practices. Here, we address the key drivers of geographic variation in salt marshes: hydroperiod, seascape configuration, geomorphology, climatic region, sediment supply and riverine input, salinity, vegetation composition, and human activities. Future efforts to manage, conserve, and restore these habitats will require consideration of how environmental drivers within marshes affect the overall structure and subsequent function for fisheries species. We propose a future research agenda that provides both the consistent collection and reporting of sources of variation in small-scale studies and collaborative networks running parallel studies across large scales and geographically distinct locations to provide analogous information for data poor locations. These comparisons are needed to identify and prioritize restoration or conservation efforts, identify sources of variation among regions, and best manage fisheries and food resources across the globe.

Published
2021

7. Co-occurrence of biodiversity, carbon storage, coastal protection, and fish and invertebrate production to inform global mangrove conservation planning

Author

Sievers, Michael, Brown, Christopher J., McGowan, Jennifer, Turschwell, Mischa P., Buelow, Christina A., Holgate, Briana, Pearson, Ryan M., Adame, Maria F., Andradi-Brown, Dominic A., Arnell, Andy, Mackey, Brendan G., Ermgassen, Philine S.E. zu, Gosling, Joe, McOwen, Chris J., Worthington, Thomas A., and Connolly, Rod M.

Published
2023
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8. Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities

Author

Whalen, Matthew A, Whippo, Ross DB, Stachowicz, John J, York, Paul H, Aiello, Erin, Alcoverro, Teresa, Altieri, Andrew H, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bertolini, Camilla, Bresch, Midoli, Bulleri, Fabio, Carnell, Paul E, Cimon, Stéphanie, Connolly, Rod M, Cusson, Mathieu, Diskin, Meredith S, D’Souza, Elrika, Flores, Augusto AV, Fodrie, F Joel, Galloway, Aaron WE, Gaskins, Leo C, Graham, Olivia J, Hanley, Torrance C, Henderson, Christopher J, Hereu, Clara M, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, Hovel, Kevin A, Hughes, Brent B, Hughes, A Randall, Hultgren, Kristin M, Jänes, Holger, Janiak, Dean S, Johnston, Lane N, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kelaher, Brendan P, Kruschel, Claudia, Lanham, Brendan S, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique, Macreadie, Peter I, Monteith, Zachary L, O’Connor, Nessa E, Olds, Andrew D, O’Leary, Jennifer K, Patrick, Christopher J, Pino, Oscar, Poore, Alistair GB, Rasheed, Michael A, Raymond, Wendel W, Reiss, Katrin, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Robinson, Max T, Ross, Paige G, Rossi, Francesca, Schlacher, Thomas A, Seemann, Janina, Silliman, Brian R, Smee, Delbert L, Thiel, Martin, Unsworth, Richard KF, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I, Vergés, Adriana, Yeager, Mallarie E, Yednock, Bree K, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Duffy, J Emmett

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Alismatales, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Female, Fisheries, Fishes, Food Chain, Geography, Global Warming, Humans, Male, latitudinal gradients, trophic processes, seagrass, biogeography, macroecology
Abstract

The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.

Published
2020

9. Fisheries rely on threatened salt marshes

Author

Baker, Ronald, Taylor, Matthew D, Able, Kenneth W, Beck, Michael W, Cebrian, Just, Colombano, Denise D, Connolly, Rod M, Currin, Carolyn, Deegan, Linda A, Feller, Ilka C, Gilby, Ben L, Kimball, Matthew E, Minello, Thomas J, Rozas, Lawrence P, Simenstad, Charles, Turner, R Eugene, Waltham, Nathan J, Weinstein, Michael P, Ziegler, Shelby L, Zu Ermgassen, Philine SE, Alcott, Caitlin, Alford, Scott B, Barbeau, Myriam A, Crosby, Sarah C, Dodds, Kate, Frank, Alyssa, Goeke, Janelle, Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A, Hardcastle, Felicity E, Henderson, Christopher J, James, W Ryan, Kenworthy, Matthew D, Lesser, Justin, Mallick, Debbrota, Martin, Charles W, McDonald, Ashley E, McLuckie, Catherine, Morrison, Blair H, Nelson, James A, Norris, Gregory S, Ollerhead, Jeff, Pahl, James W, Ramsden, Sarah, Rehage, Jennifer S, Reinhardt, James F, Rezek, Ryan J, Risse, L Mark, Smith, Joseph AM, Sparks, Eric L, and Staver, Lorie W

Subjects
Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Fisheries, United States, Wetlands, General Science & Technology
Published
2020

16. Assessing fish abundance from underwater video using deep neural networks

Author

Mandal, Ranju, Connolly, Rod M., Schlacherz, Thomas A., and Stantic, Bela

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Uses of underwater videos to assess diversity and abundance of fish are being rapidly adopted by marine biologists. Manual processing of videos for quantification by human analysts is time and labour intensive. Automatic processing of videos can be employed to achieve the objectives in a cost and time-efficient way. The aim is to build an accurate and reliable fish detection and recognition system, which is important for an autonomous robotic platform. However, there are many challenges involved in this task (e.g. complex background, deformation, low resolution and light propagation). Recent advancement in the deep neural network has led to the development of object detection and recognition in real time scenarios. An end-to-end deep learning-based architecture is introduced which outperformed the state of the art methods and first of its kind on fish assessment task. A Region Proposal Network (RPN) introduced by an object detector termed as Faster R-CNN was combined with three classification networks for detection and recognition of fish species obtained from Remote Underwater Video Stations (RUVS). An accuracy of 82.4% (mAP) obtained from the experiments are much higher than previously proposed methods., Comment: IJCNN 2018

Published
2018

18. Residual Attention Network vs Real Attention on Aesthetic Assessment

Author

Mandal, Ranju, Becken, Susanne, Connolly, Rod M., Stantic, Bela, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Hong, Tzung-Pei, editor, Wojtkiewicz, Krystian, editor, Chawuthai, Rathachai, editor, and Sitek, Pawel, editor

Published
2021
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21. Conceptualizing ecosystem degradation using mangrove forests as a model system

Author

Yando, Erik S., Sloey, Taylor M., Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Rogers, Kerrylee, Abuchahla, Guilherme M.O., Cannicci, Stefano, Canty, Steven W.J., Jennerjahn, Tim C., Ogurcak, Danielle E., Adams, Janine B., Connolly, Rod M., Diele, Karen, Lee, Shing Yip, Rowntree, Jennifer K., Sharma, Sahadev, Cavanaugh, Kyle C., Cormier, Nicole, Feller, Ilka C., Fratini, Sara, Ouyang, Xiaoguang, Wee, Alison K.S., and Friess, Daniel A.

Published
2021
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25. Tidal Marsh Restoration Optimism in a Changing Climate and Urbanizing Seascape

Author

Waltham, Nathan J., Alcott, Caitlin, Barbeau, Myriam A., Cebrian, Just, Connolly, Rod M., Deegan, Linda A., Dodds, Kate, Goodridge Gaines, Lucy A., Gilby, Ben L., Henderson, Christopher J., McLuckie, Catherine M., Minello, Thomas J., Norris, Gregory S., Ollerhead, Jeff, Pahl, James, Reinhardt, James F., Rezek, Ryan J., Simenstad, Charles A., Smith, Joseph A. M., Sparks, Eric L., Staver, Lorie W., Ziegler, Shelby L., and Weinstein, Michael P.

Published
2021
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29. Speeding up the recovery of coastal habitats through management interventions that address constraints on dispersal and recruitment.

Author

Brown, Christopher J., Campbell, Max D., Collier, Catherine J., Turschwell, Mischa P., Saunders, Megan I., and Connolly, Rod M.

Subjects
CORAL reef restoration, SEAGRASS restoration, MARINE parks & reserves, SEAGRASSES, POPULATION dynamics
Abstract

Plans for habitat restoration will benefit from predictions of timescales for recovery. Theoretical models have been a powerful tool for informing practical guidelines in planning marine protected areas, suggesting restoration planning could also benefit from a theoretical framework. We developed a model that can predict recovery times following restoration action, under dispersal, recruitment and connectivity constraints. We apply the model to a case study of seagrass restoration and find recovery times following restoration action can vary greatly, from <1 to >20 years. The model also shows how recovery can be accelerated when restoration actions are matched to the constraints on recovery. For example, spreading of propagules can be used when connectivity is the critical restriction. The recovery constraints we articulated mathematically also apply to the restoration of coral reefs, mangroves, saltmarsh, shellfish reefs and macroalgal forests, so our model provides a general framework for choosing restoration actions that accelerate coastal habitat recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Environmental drivers of flowering in the genus Zostera and spatio‐temporal variability of Zostera muelleri flowering in Australasia

Author

Lekammudiyanse, Manuja U., primary, Saunders, Megan I., additional, Flint, Nicole, additional, Irving, Andrew, additional, Aiken, Christopher, additional, Clark, Dana E., additional, Berthelsen, Anna, additional, Hindmarsh, Breanna, additional, Hooks, Rachel, additional, Connolly, Rod M., additional, Sievers, Michael, additional, Rasheed, Michael A., additional, Smith, Timothy M., additional, Glasby, Tim M., additional, Sherman, Craig D. H., additional, and Jackson, Emma L., additional

Published
2024
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36. Enabling conservation theories of change

Author

Buelow, Christina A., primary, Connolly, Rod M., additional, Dunic, Jillian C., additional, Griffiths, Laura, additional, Holgate, Briana, additional, Lee, Shing Yip, additional, Mackey, Brendan G., additional, Maxwell, Paul S., additional, Pearson, Ryan M., additional, Rajkaran, Anusha, additional, Sievers, Michael, additional, Sousa, Ana I., additional, Tulloch, Vivitskaia J. D., additional, Turschwell, Mischa P., additional, Villarreal-Rosas, Jaramar, additional, and Brown, Christopher J., additional

Published
2023
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40. Seagrass Dynamics and Resilience

Author

Connolly, Rod M., Jackson, Emma L., Macreadie, Peter I., Maxwell, Paul S., O’Brien, Katherine R., Larkum, Anthony W. D., editor, Kendrick, Gary A., editor, and Ralph, Peter J., editor

Published
2018
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43. A data‐driven approach to multiple‐stressor impact assessment for a marine protected area.

Author

Griffiths, Laura L., Williams, Joel, Buelow, Christina A., Tulloch, Vivitskaia J., Turschwell, Mischa P., Campbell, Max D., Harasti, David, Connolly, Rod M., and Brown, Christopher J.

Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves, ECOSYSTEMS, FISHERIES, REEF fishes, WATER quality, FISH communities
Abstract

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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44. The utility of non‐lethal morphometrics to evaluate fish condition.

Author

Newbery, Beaudee, Connolly, Rod M., Melvin, Steve D., and Sievers, Michael

Subjects
*MORPHOMETRICS, *ARTIFICIAL intelligence, *SEBASTES marinus
Abstract

The condition of fish relates to their energy reserves, and a suite of proxies exist to approximate condition, including biochemical and morphometric indices. Biochemical indices directly measure energy stores but are expensive and sometimes lethal. Morphometrics offer several advantages, but their utility as condition proxies is debated and largely untested experimentally. Here, we manipulated the condition of yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis, Günther, 1859) via food reduction to simulate the effect of poor habitat quality and calculated a variety of condition indices through time. We measured four non‐lethal morphometrics (Fulton's K, Le Cren's relative condition, width‐to‐length ratio and girth), the hepatosomatic index and a biochemical benchmark (liver lipid content). Girth and width‐to‐length ratio were reasonably well correlated with lipid content (R2 = 0.74 and 0.56, respectively). The hepatosomatic index was only weakly or uncorrelated to other indices, including lipid content (R2 = 0.35). Where precise estimates of body condition are not needed or repeat measures on the same individual are useful, non‐lethal morphometrics provide a fast, cheap and non‐lethal alternative to biochemical and lethal morphometric methods for this species. We finish by outlining how artificial intelligence‐based automation can be combined with morphometrics to further enhance ethical monitoring by eliminating the need to capture and handle fish entirely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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