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Bu çalışmada,formasyon sertifika programına farklı yıllarında katılan matematik bölümüöğretmen adaylarının matematik kavramı hakkında sahip oldukları çağrışımlarincelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 2015 yılında fen edebiyat fakültelerinin matematikbölümlerinden mezun olmuş 32 öğretmen adayı ile 2018 yılında fen edebiyatfakültesinde halen 3. ve 4. Sınıflarda okumakta olan 27 öğretmen adayıkatılmıştır. Araştırma olgu bilim deseninde nitel bir araştırmadır.Katılımcılara, matematik kavramı hakkındaki çağrışımları ve bu çağrışımlarınnedenlerini belirlemeye yönelik iki açık uçlu soru içeren bir anket formuverilmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.Öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları 150 çağrışım alan yazında incelenen 8 ayrıçalışmada belirlenen kategorilere göre sınıflandırılmış ve bu kategoriler dekendi içinde sınıflandırılarak Tanım, Betimleme ve Duygu temalarıbelirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının, matematik hakkında hem hayatı veiçindekileri anlamaya çalışan bir model hem de yaşam için gerekli bir araç olmasınavurgu yaptıkları görülmüştür., In this study, the connotations of the concept of mathematics belong to the teacher candidates who have participated in the formation certificate program in different years were examined. In the study, 32 teacher candidates who graduated from the mathematics departments of the Faculty of Arts and Science in 2014-15 and 27 teacher candidates in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences who were studying in 3rd and 4th grades in 2017-18 participated. The research is qualitative research with phenomenological design. A questionnaire containing two open-ended questions to determine the connotations about the concept of mathematics and the causes of these connotations were given and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. The 150 connotations of teacher candidates were classified according to the categories determined in 8 different studies examined in the literature and these categories are classified within themselves then the themes of Definition, Description, and Emotion are determined. It was observed that teachers’ candidates emphasized mathematics as a model trying to understand life and its contents and as a necessary tool for life.

Chinese Architecture has a long history, which makes Chinese buildings more than shelters. Chinese traditional windows are just like buildings, having more meaningful contents. They have very high cultural and artistic significance. However, nowadays, when the word “window” is mentioned, most people regard it as a structure used for letting in the natural light. Chinese traditional windows are gradually replaced by modern windows, especially after the 1980s, for traditional windows are somehow not satisfied with the demands of modern life. After the reform and opening, China has learned the technology of modern windows made of aluminum alloy from Europe, the United States, Japan, and other developed countries. As a result, the cultural connation of Chinese traditional windows art in landscape architecture is disappearing. To inherit traditional Chinese windows in landscape architecture, Chinese architects need to update traditional Chinese windows by using modern materials, techniques, and methods. The first part of this article discusses the main physical elements of traditional Chinese windows of landscape architecture. The second part of this article discusses the cultural connotation of Chinese traditional windows art of landscape architecture. The last part of this article discusses how to use new materials and technology to retain and update some parts of traditional windows that are of great significance in Chinese traditional windows art of landscape architecture. And there are three main approaches. Firstly, use WPC to replace traditional wood, which has better properties and keeps the feelings and cultural connation brought by wood. Secondly, use fewer materials and simple shapes to simplify traditional windows bars to make them suitable for modern life. Thirdly, rethink the design of windows and design the windows and the landscape as a whole. In the future, the new Chinese windows of landscape architecture will be popular all over the country again.

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) is an influential writer in the history of American literature and even in world literature. He is a novelist, a poet and a literary theorist, who is known as a pioneer of horror fiction, science fiction and detective fiction. The style of his works is unique and fills with rich connation and it involves dual personality and non-communication between people. In particular, the animal images account for most proportion in his all works, and this is the focus of this thesis. The present study is to analyze some typical animal images in Poe’s works from the perspective of symbolism. Animal images in Poe’s literary works are divided into two categories for analysis. One is about the real-world animals, which suggest the darkness and complexity of human nature and reveal people’s living state and psychological state. Poe uses these animal images as tools to show a certain person’s personality or instinct and manifest the inner world or spirit situation of social beings. The other group concerns the virtual unknown animal images, such as gold bug. In his works, Poe expresses the desire of mankind to know themselves and the world. This study is supposed to analyze the symbolic meaning and functions of animal images, weather the real ones or the imaginable one in Poe’s works, which is expected to expand the perspective of animal image analysis in Edgar Allan Poe’s works, and provide a broader development space for the study of Edgar Allan Poe. It helps to deepen readers’ understanding of human nature and human life in Edgar Allan Poe’s works.

Connation is one of the developmental anomalies of the dental hard tissue. The terms such as double formation, double teeth, twinned teeth, synodontia, joined teeth, or fused teeth are often used to describe connation. Connation can be defined as union of two normally separated tooth germs typically leading to one tooth less than normal in the affected arch. It may be complete or incomplete. Connation in siblings are rare and probably show a hereditary aetiology. Here, we report two cases of unilateral connation of primary mandibular incisor and canine associated with missing succedaneous permanent lateral incisor in siblings along with their diagnosis and management.

† Background and Aims Most genera of the neotropical Galipeinae (tribe Galipeeae, Rutoideae) exhibit several forms and degrees of fusion between the floral organs, including the union of petals into an apparently sympetalous corolla, the joining of the stamens among themselves and to the corolla, and the partial to complete connation of carpels. Though these and others floral traits are currently used in the circumscription of species in Galipeinae, few studies have shown in detail in which way (postgenital or congenital) and to what extent these fusions occur. To elucidate these anatomical conditions, a structural study of the flowers of the Galipeinae species was carried out. † Methods Flowers of six species from three genera of Galipeinae were studied in their morphology, anatomy and development with stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). † Key Results The floral tube is formed by synorganization of stamens with petals in all species, and exhibits three main patterns: (1) Conchocarpus heterophyllus and C. minutiflorus have a floral tube formed by marginal coherence/adherence of petals and filaments due to interwining trichomes (postgenital connection); (2) Erythrochiton brasiliensis has a tube formed by congenital fusion of petals and filaments; and (3) Galipea jasminiflora and Conchocarpus macrophyllus have a tube formed distally with the first pattern, and proximally with the second pattern. Although floral tubes seem to be homologous within Galipeinae, this is not true at the level of the family: the floral tube of Correa (from an only distantly related clade of the family) is formed by postgenital union of the petals representing a convergent structure. The gynoecium of the studied species of Galipeinae shows a great variability in the extent of fusion of carpel flanks. Even though different structures for the mature gynoecium were found in each genus, all genera show postgenitally fused carpel apices, which is related to the formation of a compitum, as described earlier for other members of Rutaceae. † Conclusions The degree and diversity of fusions of floral organs in Galipeinae is unique within the order Sapindales. A study of the amount of diversification of Galipeinae in South America and comparison with other clades of Rutaceae would be of interest.

This study presents a morphoanatomical analysis of Dyckia ibicuiensis , D. polyclada and D. racinae stamens. Flowers at anthesis were desiccated and their stamens were processed using common light microscopic techniques. Morphologically, the androecium in these species is differentiated by the disposition of the stamens around the gynoecium and by general anther characteristics. Included stamens, with antesepalous filaments different from those of the antepetalous, anthers in a radial disposition, always curved, and sporangia facing the gynoecium characterize D. ibicuiensis and D. racinae . This configuration results from the filament connation, as well as special anatomical characteristics of the anthers, such as the connective with thickenings. In addition, these species are differentiated by the U-shaped thickening in the endothecium. D. polyclada is characterized by its small, free and exserted stamens, with a very short common tube, its anthers, that are not curved or organized around the gynoecium, and its divergent sporangia. The anatomical and morphological characteristics identified here are important for characterization of these species. Considering that the androecium is important in the delimitation of Dyckia , the increased use of these data should be equally important for other species and infrageneric groupings.

Background and Aims The plant family Asteraceae (Compositae) exhibits remarkable morphological variation in the styles of its members. Lack of studies on the styles of the sister families to Asteraceae, Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae, obscures our understanding of the origin and evolution of this reproductive feature in these groups. The aim of this work was to perform a comparative study of style morphology and to discuss the relevance of important features in the evolution of Asteraceae and its sister families. Methods The histochemistry, venation and general morphology of the styles of members of Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae and early branching lineages of Asteraceae were analysed and put in a phylogenetic framework to discuss the relevance of style features in the evolution of these families. Key Results The location of lipophilic substances allowed differentiation of receptive from non-receptive style papillae, and the style venation in Goodeniaceae and Calyceraceae proved to be distinctive. There were several stages of style evolution from Goodeniaceae to Asteraceae involving connation and elongation of veins, development of bilobation from an initially cup-shaped style, and a redistribution of the receptive and non-receptive papillae. Conclusions These developments resulted in bifurcation in the styles of Asteraceae, with each branch face having a different function, and it is suggested here as a mechanism that promoted outcrossing, which in turn led to the great diversification in the family., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales

With the development of scientific technology and enlargement of higher education, it is important how to enhance management on lab, stipulate management by scientific method in order to adapt to career of higher education in new era, make full use of lab in teaching and research of higher education and improve practical profit of lab. On the basis of analysis of meaning, principle and content of lab management, this paper puts forward connation of refinement management on lab.

We found dental anomalies in 36 of 249 (14.5%) cleaned skulls of eastern moles from southern Illinois and Cincinnati, Ohio. Additional teeth (supernumeration) were observed in four individuals; one specimen had a unilateral additional upper premolar, and three specimens had additional upper or lower incisors. Connation (splitting) occurred unilaterally in I1 and P1 of one individual. Failure of teeth to develop (agenesis) was much more common, occurring in 31 individuals. Agenesis usually involved maxillary dentition—P1 and/or I2 and I3—sometimes with the same individual having lost incisors and premolars. Agenesis of mandibular dentition (P1) was noted in only one individual. We found no anomalies involving molars and no relationship between age of individuals and dental anomalies. Rudimentary teeth (“spicules”) in the mandibular diastema occurred in 68 individuals (27.3%). There was a trend toward reduction of rudimentary teeth with increasing age, but no relationship between occurrence of anom...

Research suggests that surnames are associated with connotations such as ethnicity, liking, familiarity … In this experiment we tested the effect of a symbolic connation associated with a surname. Several ads offering private math lessons for pupils were published in various local French newspapers. The surname of the professor in mathematics who offered his help was manipulated according to the experimental conditions: Mr Py a surname that sounds like the famous mathematical constant (Pi) was compared with Mr Rie a name with the same frequency and vowel sound but who was not associated with any symbol or professional connotation, and Mr Le Gal the most frequent surname in the geographic area where the experiment was conducted. It was found that the ad published by Mr Py received more phone contacts than when the same ad was published with the two other surnames. Results provide some support that symbolic connotations associated with surname and a professional function has implications on people's behavior toward their owner.

Whenever nature diverts from the "normal or usual" it gives rise to something called "abnormal or unusual," which we call "a Disorder". Fusion of two teeth is a common developmental disorder that is seen by a clinician. However, bilateral fusion along with Talon's cusp is very rarely seen and reported in literature. This article describes a rare case of the bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors, along with presence of Talon's cusp on the left fused teeth.

Fil: Arbo, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Arbo, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Fil: González, Ana María. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: González, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Fil: Sede, Silvana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina. Genera of Turneraceae differ notably in connation/adnation of calyx, corolla, and androecium. Floral and seed morphology were analyzed in all genera. Phylogenetic analyses were made using a matrix of 91 characters coded for 102 taxa including all genera of Turneraceae and all series of Turnera. Our goals were: assessing the impact of morphology in the cladistic analyses of Turneraceae and comparing our results with those based on molecular datasets. Our analyses suggest that all genera are monophyletic. The inclusion of seed micromorphology in the analyses increased resolution within Turnera, the strict consensus tree shows four main clades, each gathering two or more current series. A comparison of morphological and molecular trees is difficult to make due to the great differences in taxon sampling. However, some clades or subclades are consistent in both phylogenetic approaches. Apparently, the formation of a floral tube conferred an evolutionary advantage to the Turneraceae, because it developed in 66 % of the genera. The morphological complexity of the tube increased in several steps: (1) adnation of petal claws to calyx, developing a perianth tube; (2) partial adnation of stamens to the perianth tube; (3) fusion of sepal and petal veins, shaping a 10-veined perianth tube; (4) development of nectar pockets up to the throat turning the tube into an appendicular hypanthium. The reddishorange aril, associated with ornitochory, is plesiomorphic in Turneraceae, represented only in Erblichia; the other genera have white/whitish aril, associated with mirmecochory, except Mathurina, with an aril divided into filaments as an adaptation to anemochory.

A 27-year-old patient with an anomalous mandibular molar was referred for endodontic therapy. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the connation of a second mandibular molar with a third molar. Challenging endodontic therapy was performed in the unusual connated molars. A 2-year recall showed good treatment result.

Summary. Connated teeth are the consequences of developmental anomalies leading to the eruption of joined elements. According to current definitions, gemination occurs when one tooth bud tries to divide, while fusion occurs if two buds unite. Clinical experience shows, however, that diagnosis can be complicated due to superimposed anomalies. This report describes a unique case of bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular incisors and discusses the differential diagnosis and possible future treatment options anticipated for this particular case.

Adenia angulosa, a new species of Passifloraceae from coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania is described and illustrated with photographs. It is most similar to A. gummifera, but differs by its angled older stem, leaf shape, fewer flowers per inflorescence, connation of filaments, shape of ovary and fruit, as well as size and shape of seed.

Odontogenic anomalies can occur as a result of conjoining or twinning defects. Fusion and gemination are terms frequently used to describe the clinical presentation of connated teeth. The prevalence of connated teeth in the primary and permanent dentitions was found to be 0.4% to 0.9% and 0.2% respectively. Connation is even scarce in the mixed dentition. This article reports a rare case of unilateral connation of permanent mandibular left incisors in a 10 year old boy, associated with agenesis, confirmed by a radiographic presentation of a single root and single pulp canal of the effected teeth. Preventive measures like oral prophylaxis and sealant were placed on the connated teeth. Also the possible etiological factors along with differential diagnosis and future treatment options anticipated are discussed.

The internal management system elements define the general framework of management control element system. This framework indicates that management control system is an open system. As the first element of management control system, control environment has an important influence on the management control mode and plays a significant role in the establishment and application of management control system. This chapter mainly studies the connation of control environment and its influences on management control system formulation.

This article focuses on the Europeanization of the Danish news media. Europeanization of media content refers to two central criteria: a) an increased focus on European themes and actors, and b) an evaluation of theses themes and actors from a connation state dominated point of view. According to such criteria,recent studies across Europe, have documented a significant level of overall Europeanization of Danish media at the level of media content. This article compares the results of some of the most recent studies of Europeanization and tries to answer the question of what makes Denmark a best-case example, when it comes to Europeanization of the news media.

The vasculature and development of the flower of Victoria Schomb. are described. The vasculature is basically similar to that found in other genera of the Nymphaeaceae sensu stricto (e.g. Nymphaea L. and Nuphar Sm.). The early development of the flower is similar to that of a hypogynous flower, but meristematic activity shifts from the apex to the periphery in the form of an intercalary ring meristem. The innermost appendicular organs, including the gynoecium, arise by differentiation of tissues formed by this intercalary ring meristem. Evidence is assembled from the mature vasculature and developmental studies: (a) to refute Troll's interpretation that receptacular strips of tissue occur between the carpels and that the outer ovary wall is totally receptacular; (b) to propose that the occurrence of epeltate carpels in Victoria, as correctly described by Troll, has been phylogenetically ‘read’ in the wrong direction; (c) to propose that the flower of Victoria has evolved by (1) the adnation and connation of the proximal portions of the appendicular organs which now envelop the syncarpous gynoecium and (2) the concomitant condensation from a primitive ranalian floral apex.

The mouse functional dentition comprises one incisor separated from three molars by a toothless diastema in each dental quadrant. Between the incisor and molars, the embryonic tooth pattern also includes vestigial dental primordia, which undergo regression involving apoptosis in their epithelium. Apoptosis appears to play an important role in achieving the specific tooth pattern in the mouse. We documented similarities in the folding mechanism allowing the formation of the dental lamina in mice as well as in reptiles. While further budding on this dental lamina gives rise to many individual simple tooth primordia in crocodiles and lizards, budding morphogenesis of several simple tooth primordia appears to be integrated in the mouse, giving rise to enamel organs of a complex nature. The differentiation of a mammalian tooth germ during both ontogeny and phylogeny might thus include the concrescence (connation) of more primordia, putatively corresponding to simple teeth in mammalian ancestors.