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Objective: Loss of control (LOC) eating (feeling unable to control food type/amount eaten) during pregnancy is common and linked to risk for poor cardiovascular health (CVH), but it is unclear whether prenatal LOC eating directly relates to CVH during pregnancy. The current study tested associations between prenatal LOC eating and CVH during pregnancy in a sample with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25., Method: At 12-20 weeks' gestation, participants ( N = 124) self-reported: prenatal LOC eating, diet, physical activity, nicotine use, sleep; height/weight were measured. Data were collected during 2015-2017. We dichotomized LOC eating (0 = absent ; 1 = present ) and scored CVH metrics using Life's Essential 8 to create a composite CVH score (range = 0-100; higher = better). Linear and binary logistic regression models tested if LOC eating is related to composite CVH score and odds of scoring low (0)/ moderate-high (1) on each CVH metric, respectively. All models employed propensity score adjustment, since those with/without LOC eating may differ in ways affecting CVH, and covaried for: age, gestational age, prepregnancy BMI, ethnicity, race, education, and income., Results: Compared to those without, participants with LOC eating had significantly poorer composite CVH scores ( b = -9.27, t (111) = -2.70, p < .01) and lower odds of scoring moderate-high on nicotine use (OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.04, 0.85], p = .03) and sleep duration (OR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.04, 0.83], p = .03) CVH metrics., Conclusions: Prenatal LOC eating was associated with poorer CVH during pregnancy in this sample with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25, even after controlling for propensity of experiencing LOC eating and known risk factors for poor CVH. Thus, prenatal LOC may represent a modifiable factor related to prenatal health risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Individuals with a body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m 2 are less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than are those with BMIs<25. Given the intergenerational health benefits of breastfeeding, it is important to understand breastfeeding behaviors and their correlates among individuals with BMIs≥25. Thus, in an observational cohort with BMI≥25 (N = 237), we aimed to characterize longitudinal relationships among breastfeeding planning, initiation, and duration and their sociodemographic/clinical correlates and determine if pre-pregnancy BMI predicts breastfeeding planning, initiation, and duration. Breastfeeding behaviors, weight/BMI, and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics were assessed in early, mid, and late pregnancy, and at six-months postpartum. Most participants planned to (84%) and initiated (81%) breastfeeding, of which 37% breastfed for ≥6 months. Participants who were married, first-time parents, higher in education/income, and had never smoked tobacco were more likely to plan, initiate, and achieve ≥6 months of breastfeeding. Higher pre-pregnancy BMI was not associated with breastfeeding planning or initiation but was associated with lower adjusted odds of breastfeeding for ≥6 months relative to <6 months. Findings suggest that support aimed at extending breastfeeding among those with elevated pre-pregnancy BMI may be warranted. Future interventions should also address sociodemographic and clinical inequities in breastfeeding., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: During the period from pregnancy through the first year postpartum, vulnerable individuals are at elevated risk for the onset or worsening of psychological distress, and accessible (e.g., virtually delivered) mental health interventions are needed. Research suggests that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) can effectively mitigate psychological distress, although few studies have evaluated MBCT in the perinatal period, and samples have been clinically homogenous. Thus, we have designed and are conducting a pilot trial of virtually delivered MBCT with pregnant individuals experiencing a range of psychological symptoms to assess its feasibility and preliminarily explore its effectiveness. Here, we present the study protocol., Methods: Eligible participants (target N = 70) are ≥18 years with pregnancies between 12 and 30 weeks of gestation. Participants complete a diagnostic interview, self-report symptom ratings, and a computerized cognitive battery assessing self-regulation at the baseline. Participants are then randomized to either MBCT or care as usual. The MBCT intervention involves eight weekly group sessions delivered virtually, with each session focusing on a mindfulness practice followed by group discussion and skill development. Participants in the intervention group are also encouraged to practice mindfulness skills between sessions. Participants in the control condition are provided with information about mindfulness and treatment resources. Baseline measures are repeated following the eight-week intervention period and at three months postpartum., Conclusions: This pilot study is designed to evaluate the feasibility of virtually delivered MBCT and explore group differences in psychological symptoms during the perinatal period, and will lay the foundation for a larger clinical trial focused on optimizing this intervention to improve psychological functioning among diverse pregnant individuals.

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) predicts negative health outcomes among individuals with overweight or obesity. Loss of control eating (LOC), the ingestion of food associated with being unable to control eating, is the core psychopathology of binge eating disorders. We evaluated the contribution of LOC to GWG among pregnant individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity., Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study, individuals with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 (N = 257) were interviewed monthly to assess LOC and reported demographic, parity, and smoking information. GWG was abstracted from medical records., Results: Among individuals with prepregnancy overweight/obesity, 39% endorsed LOC prior to or during pregnancy. After adjusting for factors that have previously been linked to GWG, LOC during pregnancy, uniquely predicted higher GWG and greater likelihood of exceeding GWG recommendations. Participants with prenatal LOC gained 3.14 kg (p = 0.03) more than did those without LOC during pregnancy and 78.7% (n = 48/61) exceeded IOM guidelines for GWG. The frequency of LOC episodes was also associated with greater weight gain., Conclusions: Prenatal LOC is common among pregnant individuals with overweight/obesity and predicts greater GWG and increased likelihood of exceeding IOM GWG guidelines. LOC may represent a modifiable behavioral mechanism to prevent excessive GWG among individuals at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Food insecurity is associated with adverse psychosocial and health consequences in pregnancy. In non-pregnant populations, evidence suggests that food insecurity is linked to eating pathology, independent of depression or anxiety. Food assistance programs intended to reduce food insecurity, such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), may unintentionally contribute to eating pathology through a "feast-or-famine" cycle (i.e., cyclical periods of food deprivation and food access over the benefit month). Thus, the present study examined associations between WIC participation and disordered eating in pregnancy, covarying for depressive symptoms., Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS), a 21-year prospective longitudinal study that over-sampled households in low resourced neighborhoods. The present analysis included a subset of pregnant PGS participants (N = 210; 13-25 years of age) who reported on WIC participation, and disordered eating and depressive symptoms on validated measures., Results: Negative binomial regression models covarying for participant's age at conception and gestational age at assessment found that WIC participation was associated with higher scores on overall eating pathology as well as dieting and oral control subscales, but not bulimic or food preoccupation subscales, or a binge-eating item. Patterns of findings did not change when depressive symptom severity was included in models., Discussion: WIC participation was associated with eating pathology during pregnancy. Future research should clarify directional relationships among food insecurity, food assistance, and eating behavior in pregnancy to promote health equity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: To date, few studies have investigated perceived barriers among those who participate in and drop out of family-based behavioural treatment (FBT) for paediatric obesity. Examining experienced barriers during treatment, and their role in participation and completion of treatment has important implications for clinical practice., Objectives: To compare perceived barriers to participating in a family-based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) for obesity among families who completed and did not complete treatment., Methods: Data were analysed from 90 families of children and adolescents (mean (M) age = 12.8 years, standard deviation (SD) = 3.05) with severe obesity enrolled in a 17-session FBSFT program. After completing 12 sessions or at the time of dropout, parents and therapists completed the Barriers to Treatment Participation Scale (BTPS), a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never a problem, 5 = very often a problem) which includes four subscales: 1. Stressors and obstacles that compete with treatment, 2. Treatment demands and issues, 3. Perceived relevance of treatment, 4. Relationship with the therapist., Results: Families who did not complete treatment scored significantly higher on the BTPS subscales stressors and obstacles that compete with treatment (M = 2.03, SD = 0.53 vs. M = 1.70, SD = 0.42), p = 0.010 and perceived relevance of treatment (M = 2.27, SD = 0.48 vs. M = 1.80, SD = 0.50), p < 0.001 than families who completed treatment. No other significant differences between groups were observed., Conclusion: Families are more likely to drop out of FBSFT when experiencing a high burden from life stressors or when treatment is not meeting the expectations and perceived needs of the family., (© 2022 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)

Individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 before pregnancy have greater difficulty losing the weight gained during pregnancy, and this postpartum weight retention predicts higher risk for cardiometabolic disease. The postpartum period involves substantial disruptions in circadian rhythms, including rhythms related to eating, physical activity, sleep, and light/dark exposure, each of which are linked to obesity and cardiometabolic disease in non-pregnant adult humans and animals. We posit that a multi-component, circadian timing system-based behavioral intervention that uses digital tools- ClockWork -will be feasible and acceptable to postpartum individuals and help promote weight- and cardiometabolic health-related behaviors. We provide data from stakeholder interviews with postpartum individuals (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25; n = 7), which were conducted to obtain feedback on and improve the relevance and utility of digital self-monitoring tools for health behaviors and weight during the postpartum period. Participants perceived the ClockWork intervention and digital monitoring app to be helpful for management of postpartum weight-related health behaviors. They provided specific recommendations for increasing the feasibility intervention goals and improving app features for monitoring behaviors. Personalized, easily accessible interventions are needed to promote gestational weight loss after delivery; addressing circadian behaviors is an essential component of such interventions. Future studies will evaluate the efficacy of the ClockWork intervention and associated digital tools for improving cardiometabolic health-related behaviors linked to the circadian timing system during the postpartum period.

To compare the effectiveness of family-based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) in children with severe obesity. Parallel-design, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at a Norwegian obesity outpatient clinic. Children aged 6-18 years referred to the clinic between 2014 and 2018 were invited to participate. Participants were randomly allocated using sequentially numbered, opaqued, sealed envelopes. FBSFT (n = 59) entailed 17 sessions of structured cognitive behavioural treatment, TAU (n = 55) entailed standard lifestyle counselling sessions every third month for 1 year. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) and percentage above the International Obesity Task Force cut-off for overweight (%IOTF-25). Secondary outcomes included changes in sleep, physical activity, and eating behaviour. From pre- to posttreatment there was a statistically significant difference in change in both BMI SDS (0.19 units, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.28, p < .001) and %IOTF-25 (5.48%, 95%CI: 2.74-8.22, p < .001) between FBSFT and TAU groups. FBSFT participants achieved significant reductions in mean BMI SDS (0.16 units, (95%CI: -0.22 to -0.10, p < .001) and %IOTF-25 (6.53%, 95% CI: -8.45 to -4.60, p < .001), whereas in TAU nonsignificant changes were observed in BMI SDS (0.03 units, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.09, p = .30) and %IOTF-25 (-1.04%, 95% CI: -2.99 to -0.90, p = .29). More FBSFT participants (31.5%) had clinically meaningful BMI SDS reductions of ≥0.25 from pre- to posttreatment than in TAU (13.0%, p = .021). Regarding secondary outcomes, only changes in sleep timing differed significantly between groups. FBSFT improved weight-related outcomes compared to TAU., (© 2022 The Authors. Clinical Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)

Purpose: Little is known about the influence of social network support on child health behaviors in the context of weight-loss interventions. This study examined the associations between a child's co-participation (i.e., network support) in weight-related health behaviors (i.e., physical and sedentary activity, eating behavior) and the child's own health behaviors during family-based behavioral treatment (FBT)., Methods: Children (n = 241) with overweight/obesity (mean age = 9.4 ± 1.3y; 63% female) completed semi-structured interviews assessing network support for healthy/unhealthy eating and physical/sedentary activity, and a 3-day dietary recall. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometry, and sedentary activity was measured via parent-reported child screen time use. All assessments were taken at baseline and after 4 months of FBT. Hierarchical linear regressions examined changes in network support as they related to changes in health behaviors from baseline to the end of FBT., Results: Changes in network support for healthy eating were related to changes in vegetable, but not fruit, intake across FBT, while changes in network support for unhealthy eating were negatively related to changes in diet quality. Changes in network support for sedentary activity were negatively related to changes in minutes of physical activity and positively related to changes in screen time., Conclusion: The present findings suggest that a child's network support for health behaviors may relate to behavior change among children during FBT and provide opportunities for targeted intervention., Level of Evidence: III. cohort study., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background: Family-based behavioural weight loss treatment (FBT) is an evidence-based intervention for paediatric overweight/obesity (OV/OB), but little research has examined the relative efficacy of FBT across socioeconomic status (SES), and racial groups., Method: A total of 172 youth (7-11 years; 61.6% female; 70.1% White, 15.7% Black; child percent OV = 64.2 ± 25.2; 14.5% low-income) completed 4 months of FBT and 8 months of additional intervention (either active social facilitation-based weight management or an education control condition). Parents reported family income, social status (Barratt simplified measure of social status) and child race at baseline. Household income was dichotomized into < or >50% of the area median family income. Race was classified into White, Black or other/multi-race. Treatment efficacy was assessed by change in child % OV (BMI % above median BMI for age and sex) and change in child BMI % of 95th percentile (BMI % of the 95th percentile of weight for age and sex). Latent change score models examined differences in weight change between 0 and 4 months, 4 and 12 months and 0 and 12 months by income, social status and race., Results: Black children had, on average, less weight loss by 4 months compared to White children. Low-income was associated with less weight loss at 4 months when assessed independent of race. No differences by race, social status or income were detected from 4 to 12-months or from 0 to 12 months., Conclusions: FBT is effective at producing child weight loss across different SES and racial groups, but more work is needed to understand observed differences in initial efficacy and optimize treatment across all groups., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation.)

The present study aimed to document the prevalence of and identify factors associated with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in early pregnancy among women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity. Women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity ( n  = 247) were recruited between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation and completed questionnaires and were weighed to estimate early GWG. Nearly one-third of women met (17%, n  = 42) or exceeded (13%, n  = 33) guidelines for total GWG in early pregnancy. Univariate analyses showed race, income, and pre-pregnancy weight status to be significantly related to GWG category in early pregnancy ( p  < .009). Only race and pre-pregnancy weight status remained significant in a multivariate model, with Black women and women with pre-pregnancy obesity having higher odds of having met or exceeded guidelines for total GWG in early pregnancy compared with White women and women with pre-pregnancy overweight ( p  < .04). These findings highlight the need for early intervention to reduce weight-related complications among pregnant women.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity who gain excessive gestational weight early in pregnancy are at unique risk for pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. What do the results of this study add? The present study adds to a growing body of literature documenting that a notable amount of women are gaining excessive gestational weight early in pregnancy. The present study further documents that Black women and women with pre-pregnancy obesity are at particular risk of gaining excessive gestational weight early in pregnancy. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Additional work examining modifiable risk factors, particularly among Black women and women with pre-pregnancy obesity, that contribute to excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in the first half of pregnancy is warranted and will be necessary to inform interventions aimed at promoting weight loss during the preconception and interconception periods or encouraging appropriate GWG across the entire course of pregnancy.

Background: Concurrent general psychopathology (GP) and eating disorder psychopathology (EDP) are commonly reported among youth with overweight/obesity and may impact weight change., Purpose: We identified patterns of GP and EDP in children with overweight/obesity and examined the impact on weight change following family-based behavioral obesity treatment (FBT) and maintenance interventions., Methods: Children (N = 172) participated in 4 month FBT and subsequent 8 month weight maintenance interventions. GP and EDP were assessed prior to FBT (baseline). Child percentage overweight was assessed at baseline, post-FBT (4 months), and post-maintenance (12 months). Latent profile analysis identified patterns of baseline GP and EDP. Linear mixed-effects models examined if profiles predicted 4- and 12-month change in percentage overweight and if there were two-way and three-way interactions among these variables, adjusting for relevant covariates., Results: Results indicated a three-profile structure: lower GP and EDP (LOWER); subclinically elevated GP and EDP without loss of control (LOC; HIGHER); and subclinically elevated GP and EDP with LOC (HIGHER + LOC). Across profiles, children on average achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (i.e., ≥9 unit change in percentage overweight) from baseline to 4 month FBT and sustained these improvements at 12 month maintenance. There was no evidence that latent profiles were related to percentage overweight change from baseline to FBT (p > .05) or baseline to maintenance (p > .05). There was no evidence for two-way or three-way interactions (p > .05)., Conclusion: Concurrent GP and EDP do not portend differential short- or long-term weight change following FBT and maintenance. Future research is warranted on the durability of weight change among youth with GP and EDP., Trial Registration: NCT00759746., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Women with prepregnancy overweight/obesity are at high risk for obstetric complications and cardiometabolic disease. Poorer sleep quality is associated with obesity in non-pregnant individuals and, during pregnancy, poor sleep predicts negative obstetric and health outcomes. This study examined sleep patterns among women with overweight/obesity and factors associated with different sleep trajectories during pregnancy., Methods: Women (N = 146, 17-40 years old) with a prepregnancy body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 were recruited during early pregnancy. Participants reported demographic information and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at up to six monthly assessments, with the first assessment occurring between 12 and 20 weeks gestation and the final assessment between 35 weeks gestation and delivery. PSQI scores > 5 indicate "poor sleep.", Results: On average, women's PSQI scores were 6.66 ± 3.58 in the first half of pregnancy and were significantly higher (worse) at the end of pregnancy (t(644) = 4.55, p < 0.001), with the greatest change occurring in the third trimester (t(636.3) = 3.72, p < 0.001). Women who currently smoked had poorer sleep than women who did not currently smoke (t(1) = 2.29, p = 0.02). Prepregnancy weight status, age, parity, race, education, and income were not significantly associated with sleep changes (t(1) < 1.76, ps > 0.08). The percentage of women with PSQI scores > 5 (the threshold for poor sleep quality) was 37-63% across assessments, with the greatest increase occurring during the third trimester (t(633) = 2.92, p = 0.004)., Conclusions: Sleep quality worsens during the third trimester and is associated with current smoking. Future studies of sleep during pregnancy should examine health outcomes among women with overweight/obesity and early intervention to mitigate sleep disturbances as pregnancy progresses.

Background: Ample evidence attests to the relationship between short sleep duration, sleep problems and childhood obesity. However, few studies have examined the association between sleep timing and obesity in children., Objectives: To investigate how sleep duration, problems and timing relate to obesity and obesogenic behaviours in children., Methods: Eighty-five children (58.8% girls) with severe obesity and mean (SD) age of 12.1 (2.9) years, were matched by age and sex with peers with normal weight (n = 85,12.0 [2.8] years). Sleep and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured via accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Children self-reported emotional eating on the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire. Parents reported children's screen time and sleep problems., Results: Children with severe obesity had significantly later mean mid-sleep time, overall (36 minutes later, P < .001), on school nights (36 minutes later, P < .001) and weekend nights (39 minutes later, P = .002) compared to children with normal weight. Children with obesity had more sleep problems (P = .030), but no differences emerged in sleep duration or social jetlag. After adjusting for demographic factors, mid-sleep time was positively related to screen time (P = .030). Mid-sleep time and sleep duration were inversely related to time in MVPA (Ps ≤ .041). There were no other significant associations between the sleep variables and the obesogenic behaviours., Conclusions: Later sleep timing was related to obesogenic behaviours in children and may represent an obesity risk factor., (© 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)

Background: Children with overweight/obesity are more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety than are their peers without overweight/obesity; however, the rates and correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms among children seeking obesity treatment remain unclear., Objectives: Examine the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms among treatment-seeking children with overweight/obesity., Methods: Children 7 to 11 years old (N = 241) and their parents completed assessments before beginning family-based behavioral weight-loss treatment. Disorder-specific self-report questionnaires assessed child depression and anxiety. The social-ecological model served as a framework for examining factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms., Results: Among our sample, 39.8% (96/241) met clinical cutoffs for depression and/or anxiety symptomatology. Specifically, of these 96, 48 met criteria for both depression and anxiety, 24 for depression only, and 24 for anxiety only. Child eating disorder pathology, parents' use of psychological control (ie, a parenting style characterized by emotional manipulation), and lower child subjective social status were significantly associated with greater child depression symptomatology. Child eating disorder pathology and parent psychological control were significantly associated with greater child anxiety symptomatology., Conclusion: Nearly 40% of children exhibited psychopathology symptoms, and a variety of correlates were found. Thus, pediatric weight-loss providers may consider screening for and addressing mental health concerns (and associated factors) prior to and during treatment., (© 2019 World Obesity Federation.)

Background: Studies of the association between children's depressive symptoms and obesity treatment response show mixed results. Different measurement may contribute to the inconsistent findings, as children's depressive symptoms are often based on parent-report about their child rather than child self-report., Objectives: We assessed both child- and parent-report of child depressive symptoms as predictors of children's obesity treatment response., Methods: Children with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 85th percentile; N = 181) and their parents reported on children's depressive symptoms prior to family-based behavioral weight loss treatment., Results: Child percent overweight reduction from baseline to post-treatment was not predicted by child self-reported depressive symptoms or parent-report of child symptoms (P > 0.80), but was significantly predicted by the interaction between child self-report and parent-report on child (β = 0.14, P = 0.05). In analyses using clinical cutoffs, amongst children with high self-reported symptoms, those whose parents reported low child depressive symptoms had greater reduction in percent overweight (t = 2.67, P = 0.008), whereas amongst children with low self-reported symptoms, parent ratings were not associated with treatment outcome., Conclusions: Including both child self-report and parent-report of child depressive symptoms may inform obesity care. Research is needed to examine differences amongst child and parent depressive symptom reports and strategies to address symptoms and optimize pediatric obesity treatment., (© 2019 World Obesity Federation.)

Objective: Smoking and overweight or obesity are preventable causes of disease and death. Women are reluctant to quit smoking because of concerns about postcessation weight gain, underscoring the need to elucidate patterns of weight concerns and associated psychosocial factors that may affect smoking cessation outcomes. The present study aimed to subtype women smokers based on psychosocial and behavioral factors associated with smoking and weight, and examine the utility of these subtypes to predict abstinence and postcessation weight gain., Method: Weight-concerned women (N = 343) were randomized to 1 of 2 smoking cessation counseling adjuncts and 1 of 2 cessation medication conditions. At baseline, women were weighed and completed measures of depression, weight or appearance concerns, and eating behaviors. At 3-, 6-, and 12-months after the target quit date, women were weighed and completed self-report and biochemical smoking assessments., Results: Latent profile (LP) analyses supported a 3-profile model. The groups had typical (53%, LP1), minimal (33%, LP2), and high (14%, LP3) levels of depressive symptoms and weight concerns. At 12-months posttarget quit date, women in LP3 were more likely to relapse than women in LP1 (odds ratio, OR = 2.93). Among abstinent women, those in LP2 and LP3 gained more postcessation weight than those in LP1., Conclusions: Heterogeneity in symptoms of depression, weight or appearance concerns, and eating behaviors was captured by three groups of women smokers, with unique risks for relapse and postcessation weight gain. The distinct profiles identified may help personalize the delivery of care for smoking cessation and, ultimately, reduce disease risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Family-based behavioural weight loss treatment (FBT) for childhood obesity helps families develop strategies to facilitate healthy choices in their home and other environments (e.g. home neighbourhood). The current study examines how the home food environment, both pre-FBT and post-FBT, and the neighbourhoods in which families live are associated with child weight and weight-related outcomes in FBT., Methods: Parent-child dyads (n = 181) completed a 16-session FBT programme and completed home environment, anthropometric and child dietary/activity assessments at pre-FBT and post-FBT. Parents reported on availability of food, electronics and physical activity equipment in the home. The neighbourhood food and recreation environments around each dyad's residence was characterized using existing data within a geographic information system., Results: Families successfully made healthy home environment modifications during FBT. Regression models showed reducing RED (e.g. high-energy-dense and low-nutrient-dense) foods and electronics in the home during FBT had positive effects on child weight and weight-related outcomes. No neighbourhood food or recreation environment variables were significantly related to outcomes, although having a larger density of public recreation spaces was associated with increases in physical activity at the trend-level., Conclusions: Modifying the home environment, specifically reducing RED foods and electronics, may be particularly important for FBT success., (© 2018 World Obesity Federation.)