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Pterygium is a common ocular disorder that can result in eye irritation and loss of corneal transparency. Surgical treatment is the main intervention for pterygium removal, with various techniques aimed at minimizing recurrence rates. This review compares the effectiveness of surgical techniques for pterygium treatment in terms of recurrence rates, including the bare sclera technique and conjunctival autograft using biological glue, sutures, and autologous blood. Articles were reviewed from the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using the keywords: pterygium surgery, conjunctival autograft with glue or fibrin glue or biological glue or sutures or autologous blood, bare sclera, recurrence. The bare sclera technique showed a recurrence rate of 11%, while the conjunctival autograft technique using biological glue, sutures, and autologous blood demonstrated average recurrence rates of 3.75%, 6.5%, and 6.96%, respectively. The conjunctival autograft technique with biological glue presented the lowest recurrence rates, followed by conjunctival autograft with sutures, autologous blood, and bare sclera. Some studies found no significant difference between the recurrence rates of the suture and biological glue techniques, highlighting the need for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Compare the thickness of conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery using the Moscovici dissection technique with manual dissection and assess the difficulty of the techniques. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 30 eyes of 30 patients undergoing pterygium surgery were divided into the Moscovici Dissection Technique Group and the Manual Dissection Group. The patients were treated at the Hospital Oftalmológico Visão Laser (Santos, São Paulo, Brazil). Optical coherence tomography was performed to measure graft thickness three months postoperatively. Three images were obtained from each eye, and three measurements were taken at a distance of 1.5mm perpendicular to the limbus in each capture. The surgeon graded the difficulty of obtaining the graft with the technique performed from one (lowest difficulty) to four (highest difficulty). Results: We found statistically significant difference between the difficulty of the two techniques and the mean conjunctival autograft thickness in the two groups (p=0.01 e p=0.05, respectively). The average difficulty rating for the Moscovici Dissection Technique Group (Air Group) was 1.47, while that for the Manual Dissection Group (MD group) was 2.20. The mean thickness of the three measurements was 252μ in the Air Group and 298μ in the MD Group, with medians of 250μ and 278μ, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that the Moscovici technique results in thinner grafts and can be performed with greater surgical ease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marfan and Weill-Marchesani syndromes have a mutation of the fibrillin gene (FBN1), producing alteration of connective tissue, within ophthalmology, it is important to take into consideration this type of diseases in cogenetic alterations in this system will produce modifications at the level of the ocular structures generating problems of various types, Most of the literature refers to ectopia lentis and the complications derived from it, as secondary glaucoma. We present two patients, one with Marfan syndrome and the other with Weill-Marchesani syndrome, who developed lens dislocation, typical of their pathologies, which led them to undergo different surgeries. Both developed suture dehiscence after these surgeries, as a complication derived from their connective tissue involvement. We thus highlight the need for vigilance and extreme caution in the postoperative period of patients affected by this type of syndromes., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective. To investigate the association of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and other risk factors with ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN). Materials and methods. We obtained DNA from 22 fresh frozen OSSN tissues and 22 pterygia as controls, we used a broadspectrum HPV DNA amplification short PCR fragment to identify HPV infection in all specimens and then genotyped HPV by a reverse hybridization line probe assay. We also obtained demographic, sun exposure, and tobacco consumption information. Results. HR-HPV frequency was 40.9% in the OSSN group and 4.5% in the pterygia group (p=0.009). After covariate adjustment, OSSN was associated with HR-HPV (OR=16.3, 95%CI=1.2,218.1, p=0.03) and sunburn (OR=10.8, 95%CI=1.8,86.0, p=0.02). Conclusions. Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia is a multifactorial disease. The strong association between HR-HPV and OSSN, suggests that HR-HPV could play an etiological role in OSSN development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to report the frequency and therapy used for treating symptoms associated with conjunctivitis in confirmed COVID-19 patients in clinical practice since the appearance of the virus. As materials and methods, a systematic review protocol was developed based on the Prisma statement. Also, articles for review were identified using Google Scholar, Medline (Pubmed), Embase, and Web of Science. The bibliographic search identified 2815 results. After complete reading, 14 articles were selected since they included information on the frequency of symptoms associated with conjunctivitis in positive patients for COVID-19. 8 case reports, 4 case series, and 2 cross-sectional studies were analyzed, of which 8 (57.14%) studies reported ocular treatment. The frequency of conjunctivitis in confirmed COVID-19-positive patients in respiratory and tear samples was 52/865 (6.01%). In contrast, corneal involvement was related to superficial punctate keratitis and pseudodendrites, only in 2/865 (0.23%) patients. The experience in the clinical approach has been examined with oral and topical antivirals (vanciclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin), ocular lubricants, and topical antibiotics (moxifloxacin), with the resolution of symptoms and absence of subsequent complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pseudopterygium, also known as aberrant conjunctival growth, is poorly described in the literature, although it is known that this abnormality is uncommon and affects dwarf rabbits and their crossbreeds. The etiology of this disease is unknown, but there are hypotheses that the conjunctival growth cause may have its origins in immunological factors, inflammation, traumatic conditions, or cartilage dysplasias. Thus, this study reports the treatment efficacy applied in a rabbit, through the continuous use of tracolimus eye drops, after surgical procedure of conjunctival fold resection, as a way of controlling the pseudopterygium in rabbits. Case: This case report discusses the positive results from the surgical and therapeutic conduct of a clinical case attended by the Ophthalmology and Microsurgical Veterinary Service at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the UFSM. The patient was a male rabbit, sterilized, approximately 2-year-old, crossed with a dwarf rabbit. The owner’s main complaint was the change in the aspect of the left eye, with progressive worsening in the previous four weeks. In the ophthalmological examination, the animal did not present impaired vision or discomfort, however, a vascularized pink membrane was noted, which consisted of a fold of the bulbar conjunctiva, that grew centripetally and covered 90% of the cornea in 360 degrees. The diagnosis was confirmed through visual inspection and the patient’s history. The eye alteration had a characteristic aspect, described as proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva over the cornea, in a centripetal manner and without signs of inflammation. In addition, other ophthalmological alterations were ruled out during the patient’s physical and specific examination. The patient was referred for anesthetic evaluation and, in addition, pre-surgical blood tests were performed, which were normal, according to the expected ranges for the species. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to surgical treatment, which consisted of dividing the exuberant conjunctiva, followed by three radial incisions in equal portions. Next, the conjunctival fold was completely incised to the edge of the limbus, without the need of sutures. Anterior lamellar keratectomy was performed on the portion where the membrane was attached to the cornea. For home care, tobramycinbased eye drops (QID, for 7 days) and 0.02% aqueous tacrolimus eye drops (BID - continuous use) were prescribed. The animal was reevaluated 7, 14, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days after surgical correction, and no recurrence of pseudopterygium was observed during the follow-up period. The prognosis of patients with pseudopterygium is reserved, as it is known that the disease may recur after surgical treatment. Therefore, the continuous use of the chosen immunomodulating eye drops was recommended as well as periodic follow-up of the patient. Discussion: In the current study, it was not possible to increase knowledge regarding about the pseudopterygium etiology. Although the condition is not serious, it can cause partial impairment of vision and chronic discomfort. However, the vision field described in the rabbit in this current case remained unchanged, in accordance with other cases described in the literature. Furthermore, no signs of patient discomfort were detected. Some surgical techniques described in the literature for correction of pseudopterygium, shows membrane’s growth recurrence. The use of immunomodulatory drugs is suggested for relapses controlling. In this study, the tracolimus eye drops efficacy was tested, and presented good results in the patient’s evaluations for a long period after surgery. The use of immunomodulators is an option for adjuvant topical treatment for controlling pseudopterygium growth, which, associated with corrective surgical treatment, has shown positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe results of pterygium surgery at Clínica de Cirurgía Ocular Villavicencio, in Meta, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pterygium surgeries performed between January 2017 and December 2019. Results: Approximately 1,200 records were reviewed, and 1,200 procedures included. The most frequent complications were corneal Dellen, pterygium recurrence, graft retraction and pyogenic granuloma (7.5%, 2.5%, 3% and 0.75% respectively). These were identified within the first 6 months of surgery. Conclusion: Pterygium surgery using conjunctival autografts is an effective technique, with low recurrence rates and very few complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO A amiloidose é caracterizada pela deposição extracelular de fibrilas amiloides proteicas nos tecidos, incluindo conjuntiva, motivada por sua insolubilidade em proteínas proteolíticas. A amiloidose conjuntival, afetando especificamente a conjuntiva palpebral, é um achado raro na prática clínica. Os autores descrevem um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, caucasiano, de 71 anos, apresentando lesões bilaterais localizadas na conjuntiva da pálpebra inferior, elevadas, bem delimitadas, amareladas, aliadas a pálpebras desestabilizadas. Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica das lesões, e o exame histológico confirmou se tratar de amiloidose conjuntival. Não houve recorrência após o procedimento. A amiloidose conjuntival afetando ambas as pálpebras inferiores é um achado raro na literatura. O manejo da amiloidose conjuntival depende da extensão do envolvimento local e do status sistêmico do paciente, variando de sintomático, com o uso de lubrificantes, até cirúrgico, com a remoção das lesões.

Objective: To describe ocular surface findings in impression cytology obtained from healthy rabbit conjunctiva treated with interferon alpha-2b eyedrop, and compare them to findings after use of mitomycin C 0.02%. Methods: An experimental study using a rabbit model was performed between September 2013 and October 2014 at the Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Clínica de Olhos Moacir Cunha. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 6 groups and received interferon alpha-2b or mitomycin C 0.02%. Impression cytology (IC) was performed prior to topical applications and at15, 30 and 60 days of use. The following variables were analyzed in impression cytology: goblet cells, cellularity, cell-to-cell adhesion, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, nuclear chromatin, inflammatory cells keratinization, and cytomegaly. Results: The major findings in impression cytology after us of interferon alpha-2b included loss of goblet cells (50.8%), reduced cell-to-cell adhesion (26.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (20%) and reduced cellularity (15.4%). After use of mitomycin C 0.02%, the most common changes included loss of goblet cells (46.2%), abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (25.6%), less cell-to-cell adhesion (23.1%), and reduced cellularity (20.5%). There were no significant differences in any variable when comparing impression cytology after interferon alpha-2b and after mitomycin C 0.02%. Goblet cell loss was more pronounced at days 30 and 60, as compared to impression cytology at day 15 for both drugs. Conclusion: The loss of goblet cells, reduced cell-to-cell adhesion and cellularity, along with abnormal nucleus/cytoplasm ratio were the most common findings in impression cytology after use of interferon alpha-2b.These findings are similar to those described for use of mitomycin C 0.02%. .. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of protein amyloid fibrils in tissues, including conjunctiva, which are insoluble in proteolytic proteins. Conjunctival amyloidosis specifically in the palpebral conjunctiva is a rare finding in clinical practice. The authors described the case of a 71-yearold caucasian male patient, with bilateral lesions located in the lower eyelid conjunctiva, elevated, welldefined, yellowish, combined with destabilized eyelids. Surgical excision of the lesions was performed, and the histological examination confirmed conjunctival amyloidosis. There was no recurrence after the procedure. Conjunctival amyloidosis in both lower eyelids is a rare finding in the literature. The management of conjunctival amyloidosis depends on the extent of local involvement and patient's general health status, varying from symptomatic, with use of ocular lubricants, to surgical, by removing the lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphomas are malignant diseases that originate in the immune system cells and are predominantly manifested by lymphadenopathy; sometimes the presentation is in extranodal places. The eye and its annexes may be affected by a heterogeneous group of primary lymphomas or, secondarily, by the extension of lymphomas originated in lymph nodes or other extranodal sites. The case of a patient who went to the consultation due to left palpebral ptosis is reported and physical examination showed bilateral involvement, with tumors in the lower right eye bulbar conjunctiva and in the left eye upper bulbar conjunctiva. A small B cell lymphocytic non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed by conjunctiva biopsy. The patient was considered a stage IIIAE of Ann Arbor and treated with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisone, plus the Cuban monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 CIMABior®. The complete response was reached, state in which the disease remains so far.

As neoplasias oculares podem comprometer a visão e consequentemente a qualidade de vida dos animais, são afecções comuns na clínica de pequenos animais que exigem tratamento e diagnósticos rápidos a fim de, se conseguir uma resposta terapêutica eficiente. O Hemangioma é uma neoplasia de origem do endotélio vascular, benigna, que não apresenta invasão periférica, e pode estar associado à alta incidência de radiação solar. O presente trabalho relata o caso clínico de um canino, da raça Pit Bull, macho, atendido no Hospital Veterinário do Unibave (HVU), com nódulo conjuntival. O tratamento realizado foi à dissecção cirúrgica, com amplas margens, com objetivo de eliminar toda a massa tumoral e garantir uma margem cirúrgica livre de células tumorais. A amostra dissecada foi encaminhada para avaliação histológica e teve como resultado o diagnóstico de hemangioma. O tratamento cirúrgico foi bem sucedido e o paciente obteve melhora clínica, sem complicações no trans e pós-operatório.

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lymphomas are malignant diseases that originate in the immune system cells and are predominantly manifested by lymphadenopathy; sometimes the presentation is in extranodal places. The eye and its annexes may be affected by a heterogeneous group of primary lymphomas or, secondarily, by the extension of lymphomas originated in lymph nodes or other extranodal sites. The case of a patient who went to the consultation due to left palpebral ptosis is reported and physical examination showed bilateral involvement, with tumors in the lower right eye bulbar conjunctiva and in the left eye upper bulbar conjunctiva. A small B cell lymphocytic non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed by conjunctiva biopsy. The patient was considered a stage IIIAE of Ann Arbor and treated with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisone, plus the Cuban monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 CIMABior®. The complete response was reached, state in which the disease remains so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a irritação ocular aguda em coelhos, após a administração tópica de óleo essencial. Métodos: Para tanto, os animais foram divididos em três grupos, cada um com três coelhos, totalizando 6 olhos por grupo, e a diferença entre eles foi a concentração utilizada ( 1, 3 e 9%). Aplicou-se no saco conjuntival, de um dos olhos do animal, uma dose única de 0,1 ml do produto e o olho contralateral foi usado como controle. Analisou-se os efeitos causados pelo óleo essencial na conjuntiva, íris e córnea após 1, 24, 48, 72 horas e no final do sétimo dia após a aplicação tópica. As avaliações oftalmológicas foram feitas com o auxílio de um oftalmoscópio binocular indireto com e sem fluoresceína. As reações observadas foram graduadas segundo a escala de Draize. Foram realizados exames anatomopatológicos em todos os olhos estudados no final do experimento. Resultados: No grupo de animais submetidos à instilação ocular do óleo essencial a 1%, não se observou alterações. O tratamento com o óleo a 3% provocou alteração conjuntival no exame feito em 1 hora, o que foi reduzindo. A administração do óleo essencial a 9% induziu hiperemia conjuntival, não havendo qualquer alteração nos outros tempos de avaliação oftalmológica. Conclusão: A avaliação contribuiu para conhecer as alterações clínicas na superfície ocular. Desta forma, foi possível classificar o óleo a 1% como não irritante e nas concentrações de 3 e 9% como pouco irritante, tornando possível estudos clínicos, a fim de estabelecer o óleo como alternativa terapêutica em conjuntivites bacterianas.

The squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a neoplasia of the ocular surface that may present with different macroscopic patterns. We present the case of a 75-year-old man that comes presenting this tumor for a long time, involving in an important way its vision.

Ocular tumors are frequent in the eye clinic of small animals. They can be primary or secondary, and its location within the eyeball or its attachments may trigger consequences ranging from the loss of aesthetics to affecting the eye’s functionality. This article presents a case of conjunctival angiokeratoma in a five-year-old female dog of Neapolitan Mastiff breed, in the Small Animal Clinic of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia in Ibagué. The patient was treated for presenting ocular alteration in her left eye characterized by an increase of volume and hyperemia of the third eyelid conjunctiva, with a two-year evolution. During the ophthalmic examination, ocular mucosanguineous discharge, conjunctival hyperemia and follicular conjunctivitis were found. After general and ophthalmic clinical examination was performed, a biopsy of the lesion was performed for a histopathologic evaluation, which determined angiokeratoma in the third eyelid conjunctiva, a rare neoplasia in this type of tissue and in this breed. The treatment used in this case was surgical removal, with favorable results, which led to a complete removal of the tumor without sequelae in the patient.

El carcinoma epidermoide de conjuntiva es una patología de baja incidencia, pero se considera que es la tumoración maligna de conjuntiva más frecuente. Se caracteriza por presentar una masa gelatinosa con focos de leucoplasia en conjuntiva bulbar interpalpebral cerca del limbo. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen escisión simple, pudiendo agregar tratamiento adyuvante como crioterapia, radioterapia o quimioterapia tópica. Si la lesión es invasiva se puede considerar realizar enucleación o exenteración. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 68 años con historial de tumoración ocular derecha y disminución de agudeza visual de 3 años de evolución, en el cual después de valoración clínica complementada con estudios auxiliares se diagnosticó carcinoma epidermoide invasivo de la conjuntiva, por lo que se decide realizar una evisceración modificada con esclerectomía perilímbica subyacente evitando tocar el borde palpebral y tumoral. El estudio patológico confirmó el diagnóstico.

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal de 92 pacientes con tumores de los anexos oculares, que acudieron a la consulta de Oculoplastia en el Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital General "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2008 hasta enero del 2009, con vistas a determinar los tipos más frecuentes de estos tumores, a través de biopsias para confirmar histopatológicamente el diagnóstico de sospecha. En la investigación predominaron la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino y el color de la piel blanco; asimismo, todos los afectados presentaron aumento de volumen, aunque la mayoría estaban asintomáticos. Los tumores se localizaron con mayor frecuencia en los párpados (52,2 %) y, en menor cuantía, en la conjuntiva (45,7 %), con primacía del carcinoma basocelular como neoplasia maligna y la verruga vulgar como tumor benigno en los primeros, así como de las lesiones pigmentadas benignas y el granuloma piogénico en la segunda

We report the case of a 71-year-old female patient with a residual tumor lesion after the surgical resection of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the region of the bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye, with extension towards the medial canthus and adjacent cornea. She received radiation treatment in two phases: the fi rst with electrons 6 MeV, total dose 6000 cGy in 20 fractions; after a rest of two weeks, a second phase with strontium-90, 500 REPS, 3000 REPS. At the end of the treatment, no evidence of macroscopic lesion was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ocular microbiota is mainly found in the conjunctiva and consists of bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Neisseria spp., Moraxella spp., and Streptococcus spp. This diversity may vary according to seasonal conditions, temperature, age, and environmental exposure. Objective: To characterize the diversity of resident and transient conjunctival microbiota in young adults. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study including 67 young adults, men and women between 18 and 25 years of age, who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to sign the informed consent form. Two samples from the conjunctival sac were collected from each subject, with an interval of one week. These were cultured on blood agar and chocolate agar at 37 °C for 24 hours. Isolated colonies were identified using the VITEK automated system. Results: Sixteen genera and 29 different species were identified. The most common genus was Staphylococcus (55.6%), followed by Acinetobacter (12.0%), Bacillus (7.0%), Pasterella (4.6%) and Escherichia (3.7%). Resident microbiota consisted primarily of the genus Staphylococcus and its most representative species were S. epidermidis (50.0%) and S. lentus (13.3%). Conclusion: There is a great diversity of bacteria in the conjunctival flora, greater in the transient than in the resident microbiota; this probably depends on the environment in which the individual lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present report reports a case of conjunctivitis caused by Ralstonia pichettii in an immunocompetent patient wearing a contact lens. The bacterium isolated from the solution used to disinfect R. pichettii does not belong to the human microbiota but infects immunodepressed patients and is present in aqueous solutions. There is no standardization of sensitivity for this bacterium and few antibiotics have been tested for non-fermenting glucose bacteria. Due to the reduced antimicrobial sensitivity profile demonstrated by R. pichettii, it is important to correctly identify this etiologic agent in conjunctivitis and keratitis. This case report illustrates that R. Pickettii is a more important pathogen than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present report reports a case of conjunctivitis caused by Ralstonia pichettii in an immunocompetent patient wearing a contact lens. The bacterium isolated from the solution used to disinfect R. pichettii does not belong to the human microbiota but infects immunodepressed patients and is present in aqueous solutions. There is no standardization of sensitivity for this bacterium and few antibiotics have been tested for non-fermenting glucose bacteria. Due to the reduced antimicrobial sensitivity profile demonstrated by R. pichettii, it is important to correctly identify this etiologic agent in conjunctivitis and keratitis. This case report illustrates that R. Pickettii is a more important pathogen than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniose é uma enfermidade multissistêmica cujas manifestações clínicas são extremamente variáveis. Em cães sinais clínicos oftálmicos são relativamente frequentes, ainda que outros sinais sistêmicos não sejam identificados. Atualmente, o diagnóstico da doença baseia-se em métodos parasitológicos, sorológicos e moleculares, mas, até o momento, a identificação de formas amastigotas desse parasito em esfregaços feitos a partir de suabes conjuntivais não é empregada rotineiramente. Valendo-se de cães sorologicamente positivos para leishmaniose, portadores (G1) ou não (G2) de alterações oftálmicas, este estudo avaliou a viabilidade do esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival como método de diagnóstico para a enfermidade. O exame suprarreferido foi positivo em 60% dos animais do G1 e 38,1% do G2, no entanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à positividade nos dois grupos (P=0,2167). Os dados apontam para uma tendência de os cães com leishmaniose e com sinais oftálmicos serem positivos ao exame parasitológico de esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival, podendo esse método ser útil no diagnóstico parasitológico da leishmaniose canina.

A citologia conjuntival é um importante meio de diagnóstico de afecções da superfície ocular. Buscam-se técnicas que forneçam quantidade e qualidade celular, com uso de instrumentos que provoquem mínimo trauma e que diminuam as chances de danos iatrogênicos ao olho. Existem diversas técnicas de coleta de células, entre elas encontram-se: impressão, esfoliação e punção por agulha fina. Dentre os métodos utilizados para esfoliação, o uso da escova citológica fornece resultados superiores em vários parâmetros, incluindo a qualidade das células. Estudou-se a citologia conjuntival por esfoliação com escova citológica, utilizada para coleta de material da cérvix uterina, tendo como objetivos determinar se tal instrumento se adequaria à coleta de material da face palpebral da membrana nictitante e da conjuntiva palpebral de felinos sadios. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: facilidade de execução da técnica, possibilidade de ocorrência de danos iatrogênicos e quantidade e qualidade de células coletadas. Cinquenta gatos machos (58%) e fêmeas (42%), com ou sem raça definida, participaram do estudo. Apenas gatos isentos de alterações oculares no exame físico foram incluídos. A escova citológica se mostrou um instrumento de fácil utilização, que fornece células em quantidade satisfatória e com morfologia preservada. Comparada a conjuntiva palpebral, a face palpebral da membrana nictitante se mostrou um local mais adequado à realização da coleta de amostras citológicas, pela maior facilidade de execução da técnica e menor possibilidade de danos iatrogênicos. No que diz respeito à quantidade e qualidade celular, não houve diferença significativa entre os dois locais de coleta. Foi possível observar células provenientes das diferentes camadas do epitélio conjuntival com predomínio de células intermediárias e ausência de células caliciformes.

Relato de caso de melanose primária adquirida unilateral em paciente do sexo feminino, de 59 anos, com cerca de quatro anos de evolução, associada a episódios de erosões recorrentes do epitélio corneano. A paciente foi submetida à exerese cirúrgica da conjuntiva alterada, ceratectomia superficial e uso de mitomicina-C tópica no pós-operatório. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de melanose primária adquirida, com atipias nucleares discretas a moderadas. Um ano após a cirurgia, a paciente não apresentou novos episódios de erosões recorrentes do epitélio corneano, sendo mantida apenas com o uso noturno de pomada lubrificante.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança do uso intraoperatório da mitomicina C (MMC) no tratamento cirúrgico do pterígio. MÉTODOS: Estudo de 102 pacientes (204 olhos) divididos em dois grupos, e submetidos a exérese do pterígio com rotação de retalho conjuntival e aplicação intra-operatória de MMC 0,02% por 2 minutos e a mesma técnica utilizando solução salina a 0,9% (grupo controle). Os pacientes foram avaliados no 1º, 7 º, 21º, 30º, 60º e 90º dia de pós-operatório (PO). RESULTADOS: Houve um maior acometimento do pterígio no sexo feminino (59,9%). A idade variou entre 33 a 69 anos. As recidivas (9) no no grupo MMC foram identificadas no 90º PO. No grupo controle foi identificado 18 recidivas em 60 dias de pós-operatório. As complicações identificadas no grupo da MMC foram: ceratite, edema de pálpebra, deiscência de sutura, isquemia, granuloma, corneal dellen e simbléfaro. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da MMC foi útil na redução da taxa de recidiva do pterígio, comparada ao uso de solução salina, porém seus efeitos deletérios devem sempre ser avaliados.

Raramente se informa la queratoconjuntivitis límbica superior en Medellín, Colombia, donde se la subdiagnostica o a menudo se la confunde con otras enfermedades como el síndrome de ojo seco. Presentamos los casos de tres mujeres con esta enfermedad tratadas exitosamente con la resección de una parte de la conjuntiva bulbar superior y la cápsula de Tenon subyacente, con lo que se logró mejoría de los síntomas irritativos y de la apariencia estética. Hacemos énfasis en la necesidad de sospechar clínicamente esta enfermedad y en su tratamiento quirúrgico.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that occurs in sexually mature dogs, usually transmitted by coitus. This tumor normally affects the genital mucosa and is rarely found in any other part of the body. A case of transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a 3-year old, crossbreed, male dog with a history of an abnormal mass in the right eye was presented. Ophthalmic examination revealed a mass originated from the lower eyelid conjunctiva of the right eye. No other ocular abnormalities were detected. Cytological examination was carried out and the diagnosis was TVT. The dog was treated with lyophilized vincristine sulphate intravenously, once a week, for four weeks. Despite the atypical clinical presentation, the response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm and no relapse after a year.O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa que ocorre em cães sexualmente maduros, sendo geralmente transmitido pelo coito. A neoplasia normalmente afeta a mucosa genital e é raramente encontrada em outras partes do corpo. Apresentamos um caso de tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão macho, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade e histórico de presença de uma massa na conjuntiva palpebral inferior do olho direito. Não foram detectadas outras alterações oculares. O diagnóstico citológico da massa foi TVT. O cão foi tratado com sulfato de vincristina por via intravenosa, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. Embora a apresentação do caso seja atípica, a resposta à quimioterapia foi excelente, levando a regressão completa da neoplasia, sem recorrência após um ano.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical excision in combination with mitomycin C (mit-C) and postoperative topical mit-C 0.002% administration for the treatment of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Material and Method: Twelve eyes of twelve patients who were histopathologically diagnosed as CIN between March 2004 and July 2008 were evaluated retrospectively for their treatment modalities and results. All lesions were excised with wide margins in combination with mit-C 0.02% application for 2 minutes. Five of 12 eyes were treated with topical mit-C 0.002% eye drops four times a day for 14 days after histopathological confirmation. Large conjunctival defects in 5 eyes were reconstructed with amniotic membrane (3 eyes) and autologous conjunctiva (2 eyes). Results: Seven patients were women and 5 were men, with a mean age of 68.37 (range: 30-94) years. The right eye was involved in 6 patients and the left one - in 6 patients. The conjunctival lesion was located on the nasal conjunctiva in 5 eyes and on the temporal one - in 7 eyes. Histopathological diagnosis was CIN in all cases. After a mean follow-up period of 41.75 months (between 10 and 62 months), one recurrence (8.3%) was noted. This case with recurrent lesion has been previously treated with surgical excision in combination with mit-C 0.02% application and the large conjunctival defect has been reconstructed with amniotic membrane. Discussion: Surgical excision in combination with mit-C and use of additional postoperative topical mit-C 0.002% in selected cases for conjunctival intraepithelial treatment provides a safe and effective cure. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 138-42)

Objetivo: Evaluar la técnica del auto injerto de conjuntiva con las células límbicas en el tratamiento del pterigion primario en los pobladores de la provincia de Henan, Republica Popular de China. Método: se realizó una investigación aplicada, descriptiva y transversal, teniendo como universo a 235 pacientes chinos, en el período de enero a diciembre de 2009; se tomaron como muestra 132 de ellos, que fueron intervenidos de pterigium. Resultados: la edad media de los pacientes fue de 48,58 ± 14,32 años, siendo hombres el 57.5 %. El número de recidivas como complicaciones fue de solo 8 casos (6.06 %). El nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes fue óptimo en el 80 % de los casos. Conclusiones: el autotransplante libre de conjuntiva con las células límbicas es una técnica muy útil en el tratamiento del pterigium en la población china.Objective: to assess the procedure of conjuntival autograft with limbic cells to treat primary pterygium in the residents of Henan province, People's Republic of China. Method: an applied, descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted having a target group of 235 Chinese patients from January to December 2009; the sample was comprised of 132 who were operated on pterygium. Results: the mean age of patients was 48.58±14, 32 and 57.5% were men. Recurrence and complications were present in 8 cases (6.06%). The level of satisfaction was good in the 80% of cases. Conclusions: conjuntival autograft with limbic cells is a very useful procedure to treat pterygium in Chinese population.

Una mujer de 42 años con orbitopatía distiroidea presenta aumento de volumen conjuntival bilateral con reporte de linfoma no hodgkiniano de patrón folicular tipo MALT CD45 y 20 positivos. Se trata del primer caso de orbitopatía distiroidea y el desarrollo de un linfoma extranodal de conjuntiva bilateral tratado con rituximab y radioterapia.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar os achados da citologia de impressão conjuntival (CIC) em crianças com desnutrição energético protéica (DEP) grave, hospitalizadas no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP). MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, tipo série de casos, realizado no período de agosto de 2005 a maio de 2006, envolvendo 41 crianças de um a 60 meses, com desnutrição grave (peso/altura < -3DP e/ou edema - padrão NCHS). A técnica para a realização da CIC seguiu normas padronizadas segundo estudo de validação. A leitura das lâminas foi realizada por dois observadores independentes. RESULTADOS: a idade dos casos variou de um a 47 meses, com a mediana de nove meses. Observou-se padrão de anormalidade da CIC em 46,3% das crianças. Entre os casos com CIC anormal (marginal (-) e deficiente), 40% apresentaram edema. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência elevada de resultados anormais de CIC, resumindo as classificações marginal (-) e padrão deficiente, justifica, na experiência aqui relatada, o cuidado normativo de se utilizar doses elevadas de vitamina A no tratamento hospitalar de desnutridos graves.OBJECTIVES: to evaluate conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) findings in children hospitalized with severe energy protein malnutrition at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP). METHODS: a descriptive case series study was carried out between august 2005 and may 2006 with 41 children aged between 1 and 60 months with severe malnutrition (weight/height < -3DP and/or edema -NCHS standard). The CIC technique used followed the standard norms established by the validation study. The slides were examined by two independent observers. RESULTS: the age of cases varied from one to 47 months, with a median of nine months. An abnormal CIC pattern was observed in 46.3% of children. Forty percent of cases of abnormal CIC (marginal (-) and deficient), also presented edema. CONCLUSIONS: the high prevalence of abnormal CIC results found here justifies the standard treatment of high doses of vitamin A for cases of severely malnourished children admitted to hospital.

INTRODUÇÃO: A palidez é caracterizada pelo descoramento da pele e mucosas, decorrente da pouca quantidade de hemoglobina circulante. OBJETIVO: O objetivo é comparar o grau de palidez, estratificada em cruzes, com os níveis séricos de hemoglobina, e avaliar o grau de concordância entre observadores. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2009, por meio de estudo transversal observacional, os indivíduos com idade superior a 18 anos internados em um hospital no sul do estado de Santa Catarina, para os quais haviam sido solicitadas dosagens de hemoglobina. Os pacientes foram avaliados por dois observadores (médicos e estudantes de medicina) quanto à presença e grau de palidez (de ausente a ++++/4) na conjuntiva ocular. O índice de concordância Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre observadores. Foram avaliados 96 pacientes, caucasianos, com idade média de 57,7 anos, sendo 45,8% do gênero masculino e 54,2% do gênero feminino. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre os níveis médios de hemoglobina com a palidez graduada em cruzes não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa para os profissionais medicos, sendo a diferença significativa para os estudantes de medicina. O índice de concordância Kappa entre os observadores foi baixo. CONCLUSÃO: Esta pesquisa demonstrou que não houve boa concordância entre os observadores na avaliação de palidez estratificada em cruzes, sendo a avaliação mais fidedigna com relação aos níveis séricos de hemoglobina entre os profissionais médicos.INTRODUCTION: Pallor is characterized by discoloring of the skin and mucous membranes due to a reduction in the amount of circulating hemoglobin. The objective of this study was to compare the degree of pallor, stratified using crosses, with hemoglobin levels and to evaluate the correlation between observers. METHOD: From February to April 2009, an observational cross-sectional study was carried out of over 18-year-old individuals admitted to a hospital in the south of the state of Santa Catarina, for whom the measurement of hemoglobin levels had been requested. The degree of Pallor (from absent to ++++/4) of the ocular mucosa of 96 patients was evaluated by two types of examiners (physicians and medical students). The Kappa agreement index was used to assess the agreement between observers. RESULTS: All patients (45.8% male and 54.2% female) were Caucasian with a mean age of 57.7 years. There were statistically significant differences on comparing the mean hemoglobin levels with pallor for the medical students but no significant differences were seen for the physicians. The Kappa agreement index between the observers was low. This research demonstrates that the agreement between the observers was not good for the evaluation of pallor. The most reliable evaluation regarding the hemoglobin levels was by the physicians.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is followed by keratinization of the mucous membrane that covers the digestive, urinary and respiratory ways. This situation contributes to the emergence of different diseases, mainly infectious illness and elevates mortality and morbidity among children. Objective: To describe the connection between the results of conjunctiva cytology and pathological history of Vitamin A deficiency. Methods: Cross-section study, from September 2003 to March 2004. The sample consisted of 338 children of both genders between 5 and 14 years. The studied variables were: the result of conjunctiva cytology and associated symptoms and individual pathological history. Results: Only 7.4 % of the cytology’s results were normal; the rest was altered, linked to respiratory, digestive and parasitic disorders, among others. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Vitamin A deficiency can be a prevention method for different common and frequent diseases in pediatric stages.

OBJETIVOS: Identificar as bactérias que compõem a microbiota conjuntival de pacientes sadios com catarata senil, a susceptibilidade delas aos antibióticos testados e a eficácia de um regime de administração de antibióticos tópicos na redução dessa microbiota. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva, não-randomizada, de 40 olhos de 40 pacientes divididos em 4 grupos de 10 pacientes cada, que utilizaram diferentes antibióticos tópicos (tobramicina, ciprofloxacino e gatifloxacino). Foram realizadas culturas de material conjuntival antes do uso dos medicamentos e 15, 30 e 60 minutos após o uso dos mesmos. Foram realizados testes de resistência bacteriana das bactérias isoladas e comparação da redução do crescimento bacteriano pela análise do número de unidade formadoras de colônias (UFC). RESULTADOS: Houve crescimento bacteriano em 92,5% dos pacientes. O estafilococo coagulase negativo foi a bactéria mais comumente encontrada (50% dos casos), seguido pelo Staphylococcus Aureus (23%) e pelas bactérias gram negativas (26%). Das bactérias isoladas, 81,8% foram sensíveis a todos os antibióticos utilizados no estudo. Houve cinco casos de resistência ao ciprofloxacino e à tobramicina e dois de resistência ao gatifloxacino. Em todos os grupos houve diminuição do número de pacientes com cultura positiva em relação ao momento zero e em relação ao placebo. CONCLUSÃO: As bactérias gram-positivas, especialmente o estafilococo coagulase negativo, foram os microrganismos mais encontrados na conjuntiva normal dos pacientes estudados. As bactérias isoladas mostraram alta taxa de susceptibilidade aos antibióticos testados. O regime de uso desses antibióticos diminuiu o número de unidades formadoras de colônias em relação ao grupo controle, embora sem significância estatística na maioria dos casos.PURPOSE: To evaluate the conjunctival bacterial flora of healthy patients and its antibiotic resistance pattern and determine the effective of a regime of topical antibiotics on reduction of endogenous microbiota. METHODS: Its a prospective non randomized study. Fourty eyes of 40 patients, divided in 4 groups of 10 eyes each, used four differents topical antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and gatifloxacin). One group served as a control group. Were performed conjunctival cultures before instillation of the antibiotics drops and after 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Were performed susceptibility tests of the specimes isolated to these antibiotics. We compared the reduction of bacterium growth by assessing the number of UFC (colonies forming units) before and after the instillation of antibiotics drops. RESULTS: Of the 40 eyes, 92,5% had positive cultures. The coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was the most frequent organism isolated (50%), followed by Staphylococcus Aureus (23%) and gram-negative bacteria (26%). More than 81% of the isolates of this bacterium were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Five bacterium isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin and two to gatifloxacin. All groups had diminished the number of patients with positive culture specimes from the conjuntiva compared to moment zero and to placebo. CONCLUSION: The gram positive bacterium, specially the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, were the most frequent microorganism found on conjunctiva of healthy patients. The most of the bacterium isolated were sensitivity to the antibiotics tested. The proposed regime of use of these antibiotics reduced the number of UFC (colonies forming units) compared to placebo although without statics relevance in most of cases.

En los defectos de espesor total del párpado inferior de gran magnitud, siempre ha sido regla de oro la reconstrucción de la lamela posterior (tarso y conjuntiva palpebral). Esto es debido a que el tono del músculo orbicularis oculi no alcanza a mantener el soporte necesario para resistir la acción de la gravedad y/o contractura cicatricial. Además la ausencia de conjuntiva provocaría lesiones sobre la córnea ocular. Es por ello que el empleo de injertos compuestos condromucosos ha sido insustituible. El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado en 20 conejos albinos con el objeto de evaluar la posibilidad de emplear cartílago auricular para la reconstrucción del tarso sin colocación de mucosa a modo de conjuntiva sobre dicho cartílago. Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar por diferentes tinciones histológicas sobre biopsias comparadas con zonas testigo, el crecimiento de tejido conjuntival sobre el pericondrio sin provocar lesiones oculares (neogénesis de conjuntiva). Los hallazgos encontrados provocan importantes y sustanciales cambios en la cirugía reconstructiva del párpado inferior debido a que de esta manera, no sería necesaria la reconstrucción de la conjuntiva palpebral, siendo útil exclusivamente la colocación de cartílago.In a full-thickness defect of a lower eyelid, as a general rule, is mandatory to reconstruct the tarsal plate and the conjunctiva. The reason is that the orbicularis oculi muscle cannot support the effects of gravity and/or cicatricial contracture. The abscense of conjunctiva provokes corneal lesions. Therefore, a chondromucosal graft is obligatory. This research has been performed in 20 albino rabbits to evaluate the possibility of tarsal plate reconstruction with conchal cartilage graft without mucosa. The results of the research have demonstrated, by different histological biopsies, that the raw surface of the perichondrium is epithelized with a new conjunctiva (neoconjunctiva). These findings results are very important since they modify the principles of the lower eyelid reconstruction. We have confirmed that it is not necessary to reconstruct the conjunctive and there are regeneration from the sorrounding mucosa.

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades. Palavras-chave: cão; conjuntiva; glândula lacrimal; leishmaniose visceral canina; olho.

El pterigio, degeneración corneana no involutiva, es una alteración inflamatoria y proliferativa de la superficie ocular con engrosamiento y degeneración elastótica de la conjuntiva. La exposición a radiación solar ultravioleta, calor, polvo y agentes virales participan en su evolución. Objetivo: describir los resultados de cirugía de pterigio en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá DC. Método: serie de casos de todos los pacientes con este diagnóstico operados entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2011. Resultados: se revisaron 176 historias y se incluyeron 113 ojos. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron dellen corneano 7,9%, reproducción 5% y retracción de plastia 3,5%, identificadas en los primeros tres meses posoperatorios. La frecuencia de reproducción fue mayor en los casos de pterigio reproducido (33%), en comparación con el primario 4,4%. Conclusión: a pesar de los efectos secundarios conocidos de la mitomicina, quienes la usaron en el posoperatorio en dosis bajas no presentaron efectos adversos y su uso fue seguro. Dado el bajo porcentaje de reproducción en este estudio, se recomienda que en la resección de pterigios extensos o reproducidos, sea considerado el uso de membrana amniótica.

The case report of a 62 years mixed race Ecuadorian patient, is presented with a history of repeated sties in the left eye, assisted in the Ophthalmology Service of Tena Hospital in the Social Security Ecuadorian Institute of Ecuador, due to discomfort in that same eye during 8 months and an injury in the lower lid with easy bleeding, accompanied by difficulty to the palpebral closing , reason why a surgical resection of the injury was carried out with biopsy which result confirmed the diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]