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In the present work, we present an overview of the contents of the communications presented at the Second National Congress of Paediatrics, held in San Sebastian in 1923, on the occasion of the 100th year anniversary.The problem of infant mortality stands out as a common thread, which in those years was very high in Spain and was a concern of politicians, intellectuals and the medical profession.It is worth noting that some of the proposals and concerns of the paediatricians who attended that congress continue to be relevant today. Resumen: En el presente trabajo se presenta una aproximación a los contenidos de las ponencias del II Congreso Nacional de Pediatría, celebrado en San Sebastián en 1923, con ocasión del centenario del mismo.Se destaca como hilo conductor de las mismas el problema de la mortalidad infantil que en aquellos años era muy elevada en España y era una preocupación de políticos, intelectuales y de la clase médica.Se constata que alguna de las propuestas y preocupaciones de los pediatras que asistieron a dicho congreso siguen vigentes hoy en día.

In the present work, we present an overview of the contents of the communications presented at the Second National Congress of Paediatrics, held in San Sebastian in 1923, on the occasion of the 100th year anniversary. The problem of infant mortality stands out as a common thread, which in those years was very high in Spain and was a concern of politicians, intellectuals and the medical profession. It is worth noting that some of the proposals and concerns of the paediatricians who attended that congress continue to be relevant today., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)