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Deterioration of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) often induces aberrant proteome aggregation. Visualization and dissection of the stressed proteome are of particular interest given their association with numerous degenerative diseases. Recent progress in chemical cellular stress sensors allows for direct visualization of aggregated proteome. Beyond its localization and morphology, the physicochemical nature and the dynamics of the aggregated proteome have been challenging to explore. Herein, we developed a series of solvatochromic fluorene-based D-π

Protein aggregation in the cell is often manifested by the formation of subcellular punctate structures. Herein, we modulated the solvatochromism and solubility of Nile Red fluorophore derivatives to quantitatively study the polarity inside pathogenic protein aggregates, revealing structure- and protein-dependent polarity heterogeneity.

Decomposition of plastic materials into minuscule particles and their long-term uptake pose increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and biosafety. Besides common cell viability and cytotoxicity evaluations, how plastic nanoparticles interfere with different stress response pathways and affect cellular fitness has been less explored. Here, we provided the first piece of evidence to demonstrate plastic nanoparticles potentially can deteriorate proteome stability, compromise cellular protein homeostasis, and consequently cause global proteome misfolding and aggregation. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles of different sizes and surface charges were exploited as model plastic materials. In cell lysate and human blood plasma, naked PS nanoparticles with hydrophobic surface deteriorated proteome thermodynamic stability and exaggerated its aggregation propensity. While no cell viability ablation was observed in cells treated with PS nanoparticles up to 200 μg·mL-1, global proteome aggregation and stress was detected by a selective proteome aggregation sensor. Further proteomics analysis revealed how protein homeostasis network was remodeled by positively charged PS nanoparticles via differential expression of key proteins to counteract proteome stress. In mice model, size-dependent liver accumulation of positively charged PS nanoparticles induced hepatocellular proteome aggregation and compromised protein homeostasis network capacity that were invisible to standard ALT/AST liver function assay and histology. Meanwhile, long-term liver accumulation of plastic nanoparticles deteriorated liver metabolism and saturated liver detoxification capacity of overdosed acetaminophen. This work highlighted the impact of nanoplastics on cellular proteome integrity and cellular fitness that are invisible to current biochemical assays and clinical tests.

The non-orthogonal shaft laser theodolite (N-theodolite) measurement system is a new kind of instrument applied to large-scale metrology. The system consists of two identical N-theodolites, each of which is made up of a two-dimensional rotary table and one collimated laser. The three axes of the N-theodolite have no strict requirements on their orthogonality and intersection conditions. A novel method, to the best of our knowledge, is proposed to calibrate the N-theodolite measurement system, and the calibration method of the laser beam for N-theodolite is the key innovation aspect of this paper. The laser beam is calibrated through dynamic rotation. Throughout the experiment, the straightness accuracy of the laser beam of the left N-theodolite is 0.08 mm and the right N-theodolite is 0.074 mm. The repeatability of the straightness accuracy is ${\pm 0.032}\,\,{\rm mm}$±0.032mm. The uncertainty of straightness accuracy is 0.040 mm. The measurement experiment results show that the maximum deviation of the measured value of this system is 0.34 mm at a range of 5 m, which is verified to be a feasible method for the calibration of the laser beam.

The laser utilizing as an auxiliary equipment plays an important role in 3D precise measurement. However, the laser spot will inevitably be divergent with the increase of measurement range. To solve the problem, a calibration method of the laser beam based on liquid lens is proposed. And decentration and tilt will happen owing to installation of the liquid lens. Moreover, the focus of the laser beam can not be measured precisely in fact. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, optical path analysis of the laser beam with liquid lens is performed. To verify the correctness of the analysis, the simulation based on MATLAB and ZEMAX is performed. The experimental results show that straightness accuracy of the laser beam is 0.088 mm. And the RMSE of linear fitting of left and right laser beams are 0.013 mm and 0.035 mm within a 5 m distance respectively. Moreover, the RMSE of the spatial points is about 0.220 mm.

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) reflect the interaction between human anatomical structures and sound waves, and depend on individuals due to differences in anatomical structures among individuals. This work investigates inter-individual differences of spectral cues encoded in median-plane individual HRTFs using principle component analysis (PCA). First, magnitudes of individual HRTFs from the CIPIC database are decomposed and reduced dimensions by PCA. Then, individual expansion weights of PCA are extracted. Finally, the inter-individual differences in expansion weights are analyzed using standard deviation. Results show that the inter-individual spectral difference in HRTFs decreases with increasing expansion degree of PCA, and the spatial distribution of large inter-individual difference is always at low elevations. When the expansion degree is 1 and 2, the mean of individual expansion weights mainly reflects the inter-elevation difference. The same method is also applied to a combined HRTF database including 295 subjects.

Optimizing regional crop water consumption is considered to be a significant approach for increasing yields and reducing water consumption. This paper proposes a single-objective linear programming model which couples the distributed water consumption model with crop suitability. The impacts of meteorological, topographic, and soil factors were taken into account in both the distributed water consumption model and the crop suitability. The developed model was applied to a real case study in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, in the northwest of China. In the optimization model, the net benefit which combined the water consumption with crop suitability was regarded as the objective function, while the limits on available water and planting area were set as the constraints. Optimal results regarding crop distribution and water consumption were generated for dry, normal, and wet hydrological years. Two optimization strategies were analyzed, including one with a fixed area of each crop and the other with a fixed total planting area. Economic analyses showed that net income under both optimization strategies increased by 31% and 33%, respectively. Although water consumption increased slightly in both optimization scenarios, the unit water income and unit area income were much higher than in the pre-optimization conditions. The obtained results are valuable for supporting the adjustment of planting patterns and the identification of desired plans for sustainable irrigation water allocation.