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Meningocele, a rare subtype of cephalocele, can manifest in various positions and exhibit diverse characteristics. On the other hand, dacryocystocele, also a rare anatomical disorder, typically presents as a cyst located between the nose and the eye. Generally, distinguishing between these 2 lesions is not difficult. The presented case involves a fetus with suspected dacryocystocele, ultimately diagnosed postpartum as meningocele, underscoring the complexities in distinguishing between these conditions. The article details the patient’s prenatal examinations, imaging findings, and the subsequent surgical intervention, highlighting the significance of meticulous diagnosis for effective prenatal management. The case illuminates the potential oversight and misdiagnosis challenges associated with atypical cephaloceles, contributing valuable insights for clinicians involved in prenatal diagnosis and management.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTLP), a unique variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, clinically mimics subcutaneous panniculitis. It is typified by the development of multiple plaques or subcutaneous erythematous nodules, predominantly on the extremities and trunk. Epidemiological findings reveal a greater incidence in females than males, affecting a wide demographic, including pediatric and adult cohorts, with a median onset age of around 30 years. Diagnosis of SPTLP is complex, hinging on skin biopsy analyses and the identification of T-cell lineage-specific immunohistochemical markers. Treatment modalities for SPTLP are varied; while corticosteroids may be beneficial initially for many patients, a substantial number require chemotherapy, especially in cases of poor response or relapse. Generally, SPTLP progresses slowly, yet approximately 20% of cases advance to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), often correlating with a negative prognosis. We report a case of a young male patient presenting with prolonged fever, multiple skin lesions accompanied by HLH, a poor clinical course, and eventual death, diagnosed postmortem with SPTLP. In addition, we also present a literature review of the current evidence of some updates related to SPTLP.

We report a case of appendicitis after endoscopic polypectomy at the appendix orifice that was treated by laparoscopic surgery. In this article, we present a brief introduction to this disease entity and discuss the experiences learned from this case.

Gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GA) is a benign alteration of the gallbladder wall. There are three types involved: segmental, fundal, and diffuse pattern; the last type is very rare. Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for diagnosing that shows Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses with cholesterol deposition creating comet-tail artifacts. Asymptomatic GA does not require surgery in case there are no malignant lesions defined by imaging diagnosis. We present the rare case of a 51-year-old man who was admitted to hospital due to abdominal pain concomitant with inflammatory syndrome. Imaging and histological findings were appropriate to diagnose diffuse GA and complication of cholecystitis.

Renal trauma occurring in patients with unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) is extremely rare. Unilateral renal cystic disease is benign, nonprogressive, nonfamilial, nonencapsulated, and unrelated to cysts in other organs. It should be differentiated from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) parenthesis, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, multiple renal simple cysts, and cystic renal neoplasms. We report a case of a 15-year-old male with URCD admitted to the hospital sustaining blunt trauma to his right flank after a motor vehicle crash. Final diagnosis in this case was renal injury in a URCD patient. The patient was treated conservatively and subsequently discharged. Unilateral renal cystic disease can be diagnosed and followed by a combination of imaging methods and functional studies. The management of URCD is conservative. Although the disease is stable, nephrectomy may occasionally be indicated when there is a strong suspicion for malignancy.

Small cell lung cancer, whose essence is neuroendocrine tumors, makes up proximately 14–20% of all lung cancer circumstances. Compared to non-small cell lung cancer, its clinical manifestation seems more positive and has a tendency to disseminate earlier in the process of its natural past. About 10% of patients present with brain metastases at the time of provisional diagnosis and sometimes all along the course of their disease, there will be 40–50% of developed brain metastases in addition. Although metastases in the brain parenchyma are often found in patients with advanced lung cancer, periventricular metastases are rare. We report one case of diffuse subependymal periventricular metastases from small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas are uncommon lymphatic malformations that present as cystic masses, arise from isolated lymphatic vessels, and do not communicate with the normal lymphatic system. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal lymphangioma in a young man who presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea. The patient was successfully treated with tumor resection, and lymphangioma was confirmed by histopathological analysis. In addition to describing this case, we present a review of the clinical manifestations, pathological findings, radiological findings, and treatments associated with retroperitoneal lymphangioma.

Mature cystic teratoma is one of the most common tumors of the ovaries, testis, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum; however, secondary retroperitoneum lesions are rare entities in adults. We report a case of a 22-year-old female who was previously diagnosed with a mature teratoma of left ovarian was hospitalized due to dull abdominal pain in right hypochondria. Radiological evaluation revealed a mass in the right upper abdominal and flank region with an extension from the posterior aspect of the duodenum, composed of greasy and cystic elements. A tumor was resected through the Kocher's laparotomy and the pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of a mature cystic teratoma with no evidence of malignancy or immature components. Keywords: Secondary retroperitoneal teratoma, Mature cystic teratoma

Epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, painless masses that elevate the skin and often have a central punctum that represents the plugged orifice of the pilosebaceous follicle. On ultrasound, they have a round to oval structure, well-circumscribed, avascular mass located in subcutaneous tissue along with phenomena of dorsal acoustic amplification and lateral shadowing. On MRI, they have slightly hypointense signal intensity on T1-weighted and intermediate to high signal on T2-weighted. Restricted diffusion is typical of epidermoid cysts. These signs are useful in the differentiation of epidermal cysts from neoplastic lesions. They need early treatment as they can cause cosmetic and functional impairment. Keywords: Cutaneous cyst, Epidermal, Epidermoid, Keratin, Sebaceous, Skin lesion

Odontomas are one type of benign odontogenic hamartoma that includes the compound and complex odontoma. They are generally reported not to exceed 3 cm in diameter. Odontomas with a diameter exceeding 3 cm are considered giant odontomas. An accurate diagnosis of odontomas cannot be made during the clinical examination. The majority of compound odontoma is diagnosed most commonly during radiographic screening. It should be done in coordination with a histological examination after surgical treatment. We report a case of giant compound odontoma of the mandible in a young boy. The tumor is treated by surgical excision under general anesthesia.

Balo’s concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare demyelinating disease known as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesion type III. It is a disease of the white matter of the brain characterized by a round lesion with variable concentric myelinated and demyelinated layers, appearing as “onion bulb.” We present a case of BCS and discuss the imaging findings and management strategies of this disease. A 26-y-old male developed headache, weakness, and numbness of limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed concentric lamellar like demyelinating lesions at the subcortical regions. The patient’s neurological symptoms were consistent with the MRI findings.

Key message The focal hepatic hot spot sign appears as an area of intense focal wedge‐shaped enhancement of the quadrate lobe (segment IVa) of the liver in the arterial and venous phase. If this sign appears on enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen, obstruction of thoracic central venous must be considered, especially when clinical symptoms are unclear.

Renal arteriovenous fistulas are rare complications of kidney injury that are usually caused by penetrating or blunt abdominal trauma, percutaneous or open biopsy, or surgery. We report a case of renal arteriovenous fistula after blunt abdominal trauma of a male patient who had traffic accidents. Computed tomography images show arteriovenous fistula lesion mimicking the tumor of the renal pelvis. Through this case, we present how to identify and avoid being confused in diagnosis as well as introduce its clinical manifestations, imaging, and treatment.

Intracranial neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions that can be mistaken for other lesions. They may contain mucous or serous glands, smooth muscle, lymphoid tissue and components of connective tissue. We report a case of neurenteric cyst which was detected accidentally by diagnostic imaging in the context of a thalamus infarct in a 45-year-old woman. We also discuss the results of a brief literature review and the pathological findings, imaging spectrum, evaluation and management of neurenteric cysts and thalamic infarctions.

Melorheostosis is a rare benign bone disease including dysostosis and sclerosis. Dripping candle wax presence is a common and typical sign of melorheostosis. This sign appears as irregular hyperostosis of the cortical bone which is likened to melted wax flowing down one side of a candle. It can sometimes cause pain, stiffness joint, or limitation of motion in the affected areas implicitly but mostly has no symptoms. It is usually observed on plain radiography; its appearance is generally hyperplasia on one side of the bone. We report a 33-year-old male who has an incidental diagnosis of melorheostosis post-trauma.

Abstract Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is an uncommon cause of the seizure. Important key findings of RE include intractable seizure activity in children, progressive atrophy of the involved hemisphere, and small hemisphere with the large ventricle.

Primary hepatic schwannoma is an extremely rare tumor with a good prognosis. Preoperative diagnosis is often challenging due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and its rarity. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old male patient misdiagnosed with malignant liver tumor, later identified as primary hepatic schwannoma. Furthermore, clinical and histopathological features of 19 cases of primary hepatic schwannoma are also documented. The age of the patients ranged from 38 to 72 years, with a mean age of 56.4 years, and the disease was more common in females. Patients typically presented without clinical symptoms and were not associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Histopathological features of the tumor were similar to soft tissue schwannoma, characterized by a thick capsule consisting of Antoni A and Antoni B areas. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed strong positivity and diffusely stained with S-100, while being negative for CD34, CD117, and SMA. Complete resection of the tumor was achieved in all patients. The prognosis was favorable, with no signs of recurrence. Follow-up examinations revealed disease-free survival ranging from 6 to 27 months. Differential diagnosis of primary hepatic schwannoma from malignant liver tumors and metastatic liver tumors can be made based on histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining with S-100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]