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This report describes the bone reduction guide which was digitally obtained to improve diagnosis, treatment outcome and follow-up. Treatment of gingival smiles due to altered passive eruption should include interdisciplinary planning and smile design to facilitate the prediction of treatment outcome. Crown lengthening surgery can be supported by digital tools to improve surgical planning and follow-up. A 30-year-old female patient was referred to a private dental clinic seeking solutions for her gingival smile. Based on the anatomical crown length, a smile design was created, and the patient was presented with a simulated smile before treatment. In the surgical phase, a full-thickness flap was raised in the upper jaw to achieve the desired outcome. Using cone-beam computed tomography to determine cementoenamel junction for smile design and treatment planning brings many benefits. Patients and clinicians can foresee treatment results. From there, appropriate changes can be made. The bone reduction guide is designed to rest on the bone to help the clinician cut the bone accurately and thoroughly follow the established plan., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2024.)

The chemical investigation of Homotrigona apicalis propolis collected in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam, led to the isolation of nine compounds, including four sesquiterpenes: spathulenol ( 1 ), 1 α H,5 β H-aromandendrane-4 β ,10 α -diol ( 2 ), 1 β ,6 α -dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene ( 3 ), and 1 β H,5 β H-aromandendrane-4 α ,10 β -diol ( 4 ); three triterpenes: acetyl oleanolic acid ( 5 ), 3 α -hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid ( 6 ), and ursolic acid ( 7 ); and two xanthones: cochinchinone A ( 8 ) and α -mangostin ( 9 ). Sesquiterpens 1 - 4 and triterpene 6 were isolated for the first time from stingless bee propolis. Plants in the Cratoxylum and Aglaia genus were suggested as resin sources of the propolis sample. In the antibacterial activity evaluation, the EtOH extract only showed moderate activity on S. aureus , while the isolated compounds 7 - 9 showed good antibacterial activity, with IC 50 values of 0.56 to 17.33 µg/mL. The EtOH extract displayed selective cytotoxicity against the A-549 cancer cell line, with IC 50 values of 22.82 ± 0.86 µg/mL, and the xanthones 8 and 9 exhibited good activity against the KB, HepG-2, and A-549 cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values ranging from 7.55 ± 0.25 µg/mL to 29.27 ± 2.07 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of xanthones 8 and 9 were determined by the inhibition of the EGFR and HER2 pathways using a molecular docking study. Compounds 8 and 9 displayed strong binding affinity with EFGR and HER2, with values of -9.3 to -9.9 kcal/mol. Compounds 5 , 8, and 9 showed potential α -glucosidase inhibitory activities, which were further confirmed by computational studies. The binding energies of compounds 5 , 8, and 9 were lower than that of arcabose.

Five 2-aroyl-5-bromobenzo[b]furan-3-ol compounds (two of which are new) and four new 2-aroyl-5-iodobenzo[b]furan-3-ol compounds were synthesized starting from salicylic acid. The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of four compounds, namely, (5-bromo-3-hydroxybenzofuran-2-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone, C 15 H 8 BrFO 3 , (5-bromo-3-hydroxybenzofuran-2-yl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone, C 15 H 8 BrClO 3 , (5-bromo-3-hydroxybenzofuran-2-yl)(4-bromophenyl)methanone, C 15 H 8 Br 2 O 3 , and (4-bromophenyl)(3-hydroxy-5-iodobenzofuran-2-yl)methanone, C 15 H 8 BrIO 3 , were also carried out. The compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity on the four human cancer cell lines KB, Hep-G2, Lu-1 and MCF7. Six compounds show good inhibiting abilities on Hep-G2 cells, with IC 50 values of 1.39-8.03 µM.

In an effort to develop new antimicrobial agents, 3-(4-methylcoumarin-7-yloxyacetylamino)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (4) was synthesized by reaction of thiocarbonylbisthioglycolic acid with ethyl (4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)aceto- hydrazide (3), which was prepared in turn from 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (1). The condensation of compound 4 with different aromatic aldehydes afforded a series of 5-(arylidene)-3-(4-methylcoumarin-7-yloxyacetyl-amino)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiozolidin-4-one analogs 5a-h. The structures of these synthetic compounds were elucidated on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data and ESI-MS spectrometric analysis. Compounds 5a-h were examined for their antibacterial activity against several strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The aim was to study the actual situation of subjective fatigue among the Vietnamese workers in factories with newly imported technology. A cross-sectional study concerning working conditions and the fatigue complaints of 389 workers who are employed in 10 Vietnamese factories with newly imported technology, was conducted from August to September 1994. About 60% of the workers were satisfied with their current working conditions. Regarding occupational risks at the workplace, heat, dust and noise were identified as the three most dangerous risks. About 46% of the workers complained about the incompatibility of the machines and equipment they were using, which are too large for Vietnamese workers. One third of all workers felt that the work pace is too rapid. Seventeen percent of the workers considered their working conditions monotonous. Finally, among 150 female workers under 40 years old, 45 workers (30.0%) complained of irregularity of menstruation. Generally these problems were more common among workers in textile factories. The prevalence rate of subjective fatigue complaints was significantly increased after work in all 30 items. The fatigue level were substantially high among workers in textile factories. Female workers in this sector had a high prevalence rate of irregularity of menstruation. There were many problems observed in the Vietnamese factories with newly imported technology. Special consideration is required to improve the working conditions of female workers in the textile industry. Both the Vietnamese government and donor countries have to give special attention to the transfer of worker-friendly technology to Vietnam, in order to achieve sound economic development.