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It is a novel approach to design the partition structure of clothing according to the deformation of the human body surface skin during exercise. The functional evaluation of these products remains unknown, and there is limited knowledge about the effects of the partition structure design on the pressure comfort of clothing. This research carried out a partitioned structural design of the leggings based on the skin deformation of the lower limbs of the human body during yoga exercise and developed two styles of seamless yoga leggings. The skin pressure exerted by the new seamless yoga leggings was compared with two commercial yoga leggings. Eight female college students were invited to wear all the yoga leggings samples and perform yoga exercises. The skin pressure exerted by yoga leggings was measured by the German novel-Pliance multipurpose pressure distribution measurement system on 10 body positions. The results showed that yoga leggings designed with a partitioned structure exert a comfortable pressure on the skin during yoga exercise, and the pressure change was smaller under different yoga postures, which has better pressure stability. The partition structure design model of seamless yoga leggings was optimized, which provided a reference for the functional partition design and product development of seamless yoga leggings.

Recently, there is an increasing interest in design of circular weft jacquard because of the pursuit of fashion and comfort. Aiming at the complexity of the computer-aided design method of the existing circular weft-knitted jacquard fabrics, which is not conducive to the rapid design and intelligible for designers, a design method was proposed to transform pattern notation into knitting diagram efficiently, which was based on knitting rules and its creation as a set of jacquard modules. Knitting characteristics of jacquard fabrics were studied as a precondition. On this basis, the design procedures of jacquard modules were analyzed and illustrated by taking tricolor bird's eye backing jacquard as an example. Jacquard modules with various jacquard effects were designed and stored in a jacquard module database. To mathematically describe pattern notation, knitting diagram, and jacquard module, two-dimensional matrixes were established by the method of mathematical modeling, and a corresponding algorithm for the transformation of the pattern to knitting information according to the knitting rules of jacquard modules, which can be applied to ordinary jacquard fabrics was summarized. The project of tricolor circular weft-knitted jacquard with bird's eye in the reverse and four-color air-layer jacquard were taken for instance to verify the models and algorithm. The results obtained show that the approach can efficiently and conveniently realize the designation and machine-knitting of weft-knitted jacquard fabric, which provide a theoretical basis and notation of modeling for the computer-aided design of circular weft-knitted jacquard fabrics.

The main purpose of this experimental study is to determine the thermal properties and the moisture conduction function of a single jersey with a three-dimensional channel structure. As the channel structure of single jersey is gradually applied in the functional sportswear sector, the channel structure has been knitted by single jacquard technology for research purposes. Firstly, the formation principle and the structural unit of knitted fabric with the channel structure were explained. Then, the effects of channel structure with different sizes on thermal insulation, quick-drying, wicking height, and moisture management performance of the fabrics were investigated. Finally, the performance characteristics of the channel structure fabric were analyzed through the channel structure model. The analysis obtains that the channel structure of the sample holds more stagnant air and a large evaporation area. Moreover, as the courses or wales of structural units increase, the thermal insulation rate and the evaporation rate of the fabric improve accordingly. Also, it has a superior effect on the improvement of the wicking effect and the unidirectional transmission of the fabrics. However, when the structural unit exceeds a particular value, the fabric structure begins to deform, which makes its wicking height and unidirectional transmission properties decline. It provides a reference for the design and development of the 3D channel structure of the functional knitted fabric.

This research investigates the compressive property of a novel composite based on a weft-knitted auxetic tube subjected to a quasi-static compression test. In order to maximize the influence of the fiber content on the compression test, a Kevlar yarn was used in knitting the tubular samples using three different auxetic arrow-head structures (i.e. 4 × 4, 6 × 6 and 8 × 8 structure). A quasi-static compression test was conducted under two different impact loading speeds (i.e. 5 mm/min and 15 mm/min loading speed). The results indicate that the energy absorption (EA) property of the auxetic composite is highly influenced by the auxeticity of the knitted tubular fabric.

This study uses sustainable development theory to analyze China’s garment industry, which has been under pressure of high energy consumption, excess capacity and environmental pollution. The purpose of this work is to explore customized platform effectiveness on fashion design and production by the integration of clothing ceo-design (CED) and clothing life cycle evaluation. By cooperation and data analyses, garment companies come into being, which provides information for the study on customized platform effectiveness. Meanwhile, this paper begins with addressing the potential problems for fashion design, production and inventory management, making a distinction between garment virtual design (GVD)and personalized garment customization (PGC) and suggesting a useful computer-aided approach for fashion design and production process. The data and information were gathered from garment companies in China. This work presents the findings from case study research into sustainable improvements for fashion design and production in the garment industry; in this way, the level of customized platform may be compared and analyzed, which is a significant growth point of sustainable improvements for this research and practice domain.

To realize 3D garment simulation online and show the wearing effect of different body types, a method for rapid parametric human modeling is proposed in this article. The parameterization consists of two phases. In the first phase, the characteristic parameters of the sample model are extracted according to the different types of feature information. In the second phase, the deformation is realized by combining the axial deformation method and the radial weight. Thus, according to contrasts between the input measurement and the sample sizes, parametric human modeling is realized by deformation of the sample model. In the deformation stage, the axis curve is simplified to the straight-line segment in the axis deformation method, reducing the calculation. Comparative analysis and the results of experiments demonstrate that the better performance can be achieved at a higher speed, and this method realizes real-time parametric human modeling.

This paper focuses on the better performance between the garment simulation result and the simulation speed. For simplicity and clarity, a notation “PART” is defined to indicate the areas between the garment and the human body satisfying some constraints. The discrete mechanical model can be achieved by the two-stage process. In the first stage, the garment can be divided into several PARTs constrained by the distance. In the second stage, the mechanical model of each PART is formulated with a mathematical expression. Thus, the mechanical model of the garment can be obtained. Through changing the constrained distance, the simulation result and the simulation speed can be observed. From the variable distance, a desired value can be chosen for an optimal value. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate that the better performance can be achieved at a higher speed by saving runtime with the acceptable simulation results and the efficiency of the proposed scheme can be verified as well.

A realistic computerized simulation of double-bar plush fabrics can result in a time-saving development process with high quality. Based on basic analysis of jacquard principles, a fast 3-D simulation method of warp-knitted plush fabrics is proposed by using a geometry shader on GPU. Firstly, pile areas and non-pile areas are identified according to the jacquard design graphs and chain notations. According to the directions of observation and raised pile, two layered chips are formed in the geometry shader with an approach of multi-layered textures. To ensure that the simulated piles resemble the real ones, the directions of the piles are randomized with the Perlin noise method. One pile is generated along its length with numerous layers in the plush fabric model. Simulation results of piles on both the technical face and technical back are obtained via the model built above, which is confirmed with practicability and efficiency. This 3D simulation approach improves the visualization appearance of piles just as they are actually raised.

In order to create realistic loop primitives suitable for the faster CAD of the flat-knitted fabric, we have performed research on the model of the loop as well as the variation of the loop surface. This paper proposes an interlacing point-based model for the loop center curve, and uses the cubic Bezier curve to fit the central curve of the regular loop, elongated loop, transfer loop, and irregular deformed loop. In this way, a general model for the central curve of the deformed loop is obtained. The obtained model is then utilized to perform texture mapping, texture interpolation, and brightness processing, simulating a clearly structured and lifelike deformed loop. The computer program LOOP is developed by using the algorithm. The deformed loop is simulated with different yarns, and the deformed loop is applied to design of a cable stitch, demonstrating feasibility of the proposed algorithm. This paper provides a loop primitive simulation method characterized by lifelikeness, yarn material variability, and deformation flexibility, and facilitates the loop-based fast computer-aided design (CAD) of the knitted fabric.

To achieve the efficiency and specification of the flat-knitted uppers design, the basic patterns of uppers are made from shoe lasts based on the research on the characteristics of human’s feet and wearability requirements on uppers. The knitting technology for half-shaped and fully shaped uppers was formed after the shear deformation of basic pattern and combination with flat knitting technology. As regards to the functional requirements on key parts of uppers, the structures of flat-knitted shaped uppers were intensively analysed and studied, dividing them into two categories (functional structure and decorative structure), discussing the knitting methods and advantages of different structure, and finally experimentally proving that the planar pattern of flat knitted uppers can apply to the design of flat-knitted uppers and achieve the combination of functionality and artistry of sneakers after combining with structural changes, with a great significance on the achievement of the efficient production of uppers and the enhancement of its commercial value.

Wearable products have significant applications in medical assistance, posture correction, and humancomputer interaction. In this study, we present a knitting method for a one-piece knitted embedded hang-needle sensor. This method involves simultaneously knitting conductive yarn into the sensing zone while creating the monitoring garment in a seamless manner. By implementing a tight hanging needle structure in the sensing zone design and adjusting knitting parameters, the effect of pre-stretching on the sensor caused by the base garment is minimized. Furthermore, integrating the sensing area of the hang-needle structure with the monitoring garment eliminates the need for additional sensor integration steps and simplifies the preparation process, resulting in reduced time and material costs. Moreover, the monitoring garment offers a comfortable wearing experience without any foreign body sensation and accurately captures the initial shoulder posture of the wearer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the risk of social security increases, it is crucial to develop flexible protective materials that combine flexibility with high protective performance. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was selected as the raw material, and four types of flat-knitting cut-resistant fabrics were ultimately designed and prepared from a three-dimensional longitudinal dimension and concave–convex array structure based on rib knitting. A series of experiments must be conducted on fabrics in order to study the law of protection performance of different structural fabrics. They were thus subjected to comprehensive evaluation and theoretical analysis of cut resistance. The results demonstrate that the four structural fabrics exhibited resilience in abrasion tests, withstanding over 100,000 cycles without failure. A weighting algorithm was employed to determine the comprehensive cutting resistance of the S1, S2, S3, and S4 structural fabrics, resulting in values of 1939.9 gf, 2298.6 gf, 2577.1 gf, and 2822.2 gf, respectively. Therefore, S1 reached class A4, which is sufficient to address a medium cut hazard. Similarly, S2, S3, and S4 reached class A5, which is adequate to address a high cut hazard. The obtained fitting equation, with uniform yarn fineness T as the dependent variable, demonstrates that the cut resistance improved as the concave–convex density level increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to withstand high-temperature environments, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers with cooling properties are being increasingly used in personal thermal management textiles during the summer. However, there is relatively little research on its combination with knitting. In this paper, we combine UHMWPE fiber and knitting structure to investigate the impact of varying UHMWPE fiber content and different knitting structures on the heat and humidity comfort as well as the cooling properties of fabrics. For this purpose, five kinds of different proportions of UHMWPE and polyamide yarn preparation, as well as five kinds of knitted tissue structures based on woven tissue were designed to weave 25 knitted fabrics. The air permeability, moisture permeability, moisture absorption and humidity conduction, thermal property, and contact cool feeling property of the fabrics were tested. Then, orthogonal analysis and correlation analysis were used to statistically evaluate the properties of the fabrics statistically. The results show that as the UHMWPE content increases, the air permeability, heat conductivity, and contact cool feeling property of the fabrics improve. The moisture permeability, moisture absorption and humidity conductivity of fabrics containing UHMWPE are superior to those containing only polyamide. The air permeability, moisture permeability, and thermal conductivity of the fabrics formed by the tuck plating organization are superior to those of the flat needle plating and float wire plating organization. The fabric formed by 2 separate 2 float wire organization has the best moisture absorption, humidity conduction, contact cool feeling property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During exercise, the degree of sweating in different parts of the body varies. The organization of different functions in different parts can be realized using weft knitting seamless technology. The advantage of this technology was that it can be one-piece woven, has high efficiency, offers environmental protection, provides superior wearing comfort, and facilitates the rapid response of sweat and sweat management in different parts. In this work, 9.33 tex/384 F yarn was selected as the face yarn, and 5.55 tex/24 F yarn was selected as the ground yarn, seven fabrics were designed using a combination of three basic plated loops. The effect of two factors, surface porosity and fabric tightness, on the sweat management performance of plated fabrics was investigated through experiments, including moisture management performance, liquid spreading performance, wicking performance, evaporation performance, air permeability and moisture permeability performance, etc. The results showed that the smaller the surface porosity of the fabric, the better the one-way transmission performance of the liquid. However, the larger the surface porosity, the easier the liquid plane diffusion was. The tightness of the yarn filling in the fabric was beneficial for the weft flow of the liquid. A certain degree of tightness was helpful for the unidirectional conduction of fluid, but both too tight and too loose fabrics were not conducive to fluid conduction. Studying the difference in performance caused by the surface porosity and the tightness of the fabric can provide some theoretical help for the design of weft-knit seamless sports products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]