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13. Shared polygenic risk and causal inferences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Bandres-Ciga, S., Noyce, A. J., Hemani, G., Nicolas, A., Calvo, A., Mora, G., Arosio, A., Barberis, M., Bartolomei, I., Battistini, S., Benigni, M., Borghero, G., Brunetti, M., Cammarosano, S., Cannas, A., Canosa, A., Capasso, Monica, Caponnetto, C., Caredda, C., Carrera, P., Casale, F., Cavallaro, S., Chio, A., Colletti, T., Conforti, F. L., Conte, Amelia, Corrado, L., Costantino, E., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Fasano, Alfonso, Femiano, C., Ferrarese, C., Fini, N., Floris, G., Fuda, G., Giannini, F., Grassano, M., Ilardi, A., La Bella, V., Lattante, Serena, Logroscino, Giandomenico, Logullo, F. O., Loi, D., Lunetta, C., Mancardi, G., Mandich, P., Mandrioli, J., Manera, U., Marangi, Giuseppe, Marinou, K., Marrali, G., Marrosu, M. G., Mazzini, L., Melis, M., Messina, S., Moglia, C., Monsurro, M. R., Mosca, Luigi, Occhineri, P., Origone, P., Pani, C., Penco, S., Petrucci, A., Piccirillo, G., Pirisi, A., Pisano, F., Pugliatti, M., Restagno, G., Ricci, C., Rita Murru, M., Riva, N., Sabatelli, Mario, Salvi, F., Santarelli, M., Sideri, R., De Simone, Idor, Spataro, R., Tanel, R., Tedeschi, G., Tranquilli, S., Tremolizzo, L., Trojsi, F., Volanti, P., Zollino, Marcella, Abramzon, Y., Arepalli, S., Baloh, R. H., Bowser, R., Brady, C. B., Brice, A., Broach, J., Campbell, R. H., Camu, W., Chia, R., Cooper-Knock, J., Cusi, D., Ding, J., Drepper, C., Drory, V. E., Dunckley, T. L., Eicher, J. D., Faghri, F., Feldman, E., Kay Floeter, M., Fratta, P., Geiger, J. T., Gerhard, G., Gibbs, J. R., Gibson, S. B., Glass, J. D., Hardy, J., Harms, M. B., Heiman-Patterson, T. D., Hernandez, D. G., Jansson, L., Kamel, F., Kirby, J., Kowall, N. W., Laaksovirta, H., Landi, Francesco, Le Ber, I., Lumbroso, S., Macgowan, D. J. L., Maragakis, N. J., Mouzat, K., Murphy, N. A., Myllykangas, L., Nalls, M. A., Orrell, R. W., Ostrow, L. W., Pamphlett, R., Pickering-Brown, S., Pioro, E., Pliner, H. A., Pulst, S. M., Ravits, J. M., Renton, A. E., Rivera, A., Robbrecht, W., Rogaeva, E., Rollinson, S., Rothstein, J. D., Salvi, E., Scholz, S. W., Sendtner, M., Shaw, P. J., Sidle, K. C., Simmons, Z., Singleton, A. B., Stone, D. C., Sulkava, R., Tienari, P. J., Traynor, B. J., Trojanowski, J. Q., Troncoso, J. C., Van Damme, P., Van Deerlin, V. M., Van Den Bosch, L., Zinman, L., Stone, D. J., Capasso M., Conte A., D'Alfonso S., Fasano A., Lattante S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2891-0340), Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343), Marangi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-6898-8882), Mosca L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4641-0841), Sabatelli M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6635-4985), Zollino M. (ORCID:0000-0003-4871-9519), Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Bandres-Ciga, S., Noyce, A. J., Hemani, G., Nicolas, A., Calvo, A., Mora, G., Arosio, A., Barberis, M., Bartolomei, I., Battistini, S., Benigni, M., Borghero, G., Brunetti, M., Cammarosano, S., Cannas, A., Canosa, A., Capasso, Monica, Caponnetto, C., Caredda, C., Carrera, P., Casale, F., Cavallaro, S., Chio, A., Colletti, T., Conforti, F. L., Conte, Amelia, Corrado, L., Costantino, E., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Fasano, Alfonso, Femiano, C., Ferrarese, C., Fini, N., Floris, G., Fuda, G., Giannini, F., Grassano, M., Ilardi, A., La Bella, V., Lattante, Serena, Logroscino, Giandomenico, Logullo, F. O., Loi, D., Lunetta, C., Mancardi, G., Mandich, P., Mandrioli, J., Manera, U., Marangi, Giuseppe, Marinou, K., Marrali, G., Marrosu, M. G., Mazzini, L., Melis, M., Messina, S., Moglia, C., Monsurro, M. R., Mosca, Luigi, Occhineri, P., Origone, P., Pani, C., Penco, S., Petrucci, A., Piccirillo, G., Pirisi, A., Pisano, F., Pugliatti, M., Restagno, G., Ricci, C., Rita Murru, M., Riva, N., Sabatelli, Mario, Salvi, F., Santarelli, M., Sideri, R., De Simone, Idor, Spataro, R., Tanel, R., Tedeschi, G., Tranquilli, S., Tremolizzo, L., Trojsi, F., Volanti, P., Zollino, Marcella, Abramzon, Y., Arepalli, S., Baloh, R. H., Bowser, R., Brady, C. B., Brice, A., Broach, J., Campbell, R. H., Camu, W., Chia, R., Cooper-Knock, J., Cusi, D., Ding, J., Drepper, C., Drory, V. E., Dunckley, T. L., Eicher, J. D., Faghri, F., Feldman, E., Kay Floeter, M., Fratta, P., Geiger, J. T., Gerhard, G., Gibbs, J. R., Gibson, S. B., Glass, J. D., Hardy, J., Harms, M. B., Heiman-Patterson, T. D., Hernandez, D. G., Jansson, L., Kamel, F., Kirby, J., Kowall, N. W., Laaksovirta, H., Landi, Francesco, Le Ber, I., Lumbroso, S., Macgowan, D. J. L., Maragakis, N. J., Mouzat, K., Murphy, N. A., Myllykangas, L., Nalls, M. A., Orrell, R. W., Ostrow, L. W., Pamphlett, R., Pickering-Brown, S., Pioro, E., Pliner, H. A., Pulst, S. M., Ravits, J. M., Renton, A. E., Rivera, A., Robbrecht, W., Rogaeva, E., Rollinson, S., Rothstein, J. D., Salvi, E., Scholz, S. W., Sendtner, M., Shaw, P. J., Sidle, K. C., Simmons, Z., Singleton, A. B., Stone, D. C., Sulkava, R., Tienari, P. J., Traynor, B. J., Trojanowski, J. Q., Troncoso, J. C., Van Damme, P., Van Deerlin, V. M., Van Den Bosch, L., Zinman, L., Stone, D. J., Capasso M., Conte A., D'Alfonso S., Fasano A., Lattante S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2891-0340), Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343), Marangi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-6898-8882), Mosca L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4641-0841), Sabatelli M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6635-4985), Zollino M. (ORCID:0000-0003-4871-9519), and Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389)

Abstract

Objective: To identify shared polygenic risk and causal associations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization were applied in a large-scale, data-driven manner to explore genetic correlations and causal relationships between >700 phenotypic traits and ALS. Exposures consisted of publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASes) summary statistics from MR Base and LD-hub. The outcome data came from the recently published ALS GWAS involving 20,806 cases and 59,804 controls. Multivariate analyses, genetic risk profiling, and Bayesian colocalization analyses were also performed. Results: We have shown, by linkage disequilibrium score regression, that ALS shares polygenic risk genetic factors with a number of traits and conditions, including positive correlations with smoking status and moderate levels of physical activity, and negative correlations with higher cognitive performance, higher educational attainment, and light levels of physical activity. Using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that hyperlipidemia is a causal risk factor for ALS and localized putative functional signals within loci of interest. Interpretation: Here, we have developed a public resource (https://lng-nia.shinyapps.io/mrshiny) which we hope will become a valuable tool for the ALS community, and that will be expanded and updated as new data become available. Shared polygenic risk exists between ALS and educational attainment, physical activity, smoking, and tenseness/restlessness. We also found evidence that elevated low-desnity lipoprotein cholesterol is a causal risk factor for ALS. Future randomized controlled trials should be considered as a proof of causality. Ann Neurol 2019;85:470–481.

Published
2019

16. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene

Author

Nicolas, A., Kenna, K. P., Renton, A. E., Ticozzi, N., Faghri, F., Chia, R., Dominov, J. A., Kenna, B. J., Nalls, M. A., Keagle, P., Rivera, A. M., van Rheenen, W., Murphy, N. A., van Vugt, J. J. F. A., Geiger, J. T., Van der Spek, R. A., Pliner, H. A., Shankaracharya, Smith, B. N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, S. D., Abramzon, Y., Gkazi, A. S., Eicher, J. D., Kenna, A., Logullo, F. O., Simone, I. L., Logroscino, Giandomenico, Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Borghero, G., Murru, M. R., Costantino, E., Pani, C., Puddu, R., Caredda, C., Piras, V., Tranquilli, S., Cuccu, S., Corongiu, D., Melis, M., Milia, A., Marrosu, F., Marrosu, M. G., Floris, G., Cannas, A., Capasso, Monica, Caponnetto, C., Mancardi, G., Origone, P., Mandich, P., Conforti, F. L., Cavallaro, S., Mora, G., Marinou, K., Sideri, R., Penco, S., Mosca, Luigi, Lunetta, C., Pinter, G. L., Corbo, M., Riva, N., Carrera, P., Volanti, P., Mandrioli, J., Fini, N., Fasano, Alfonso, Tremolizzo, L., Arosio, A., Ferrarese, C., Trojsi, F., Tedeschi, G., Monsurro, M. R., Piccirillo, G., Femiano, C., Ticca, A., Ortu, E., La Bella, V., Spataro, R., Colletti, T., Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, M., Petrucci, A., Pugliatti, M., Pirisi, A., Parish, L. D., Occhineri, P., Giannini, F., Battistini, S., Ricci, C., Benigni, M., Cau, T. B., Loi, D., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Barberis, M., Restagno, G., Casale, F., Marrali, G., Fuda, G., Ossola, I., Cammarosano, S., Canosa, A., Ilardi, A., Manera, U., Grassano, M., Tanel, R., Pisano, F., Mazzini, L., Messina, S., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, L., Ferrucci, L., Harms, M. B., Goldstein, D. B., Shneider, N. A., Goutman, S. A., Simmons, Z., Miller, T. M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Manousakis, G., Appel, S. H., Simpson, E., Wang, L., Baloh, R. H., Gibson, S. B., Bedlack, R., Lacomis, D., Sareen, D., Sherman, A., Bruijn, L., Penny, M., Moreno, C. D. A. M., Kamalakaran, S., Allen, A. S., Boone, B. E., Brown, R. H., Carulli, J. P., Chesi, A., Chung, W. K., Cirulli, E. T., Cooper, G. M., Couthouis, J., Day-Williams, A. G., Dion, P. A., Gitler, A. D., Glass, J. D., Han, Y., Harris, T., Hayes, S. D., Jones, A. L., Keebler, J., Krueger, B. J., Lasseigne, B. N., Levy, S. E., Lu, Y. -F., Maniatis, T., McKenna-Yasek, D., Myers, R. M., Petrovski, S., Pulst, S. M., Raphael, A. R., Ravits, J. M., Ren, Z., Rouleau, G. A., Sapp, P. C., Sims, K. B., Staropoli, J. F., Waite, L. L., Wang, Quanquan, Wimbish, J. R., Xin, W. W., Phatnani, H., Kwan, J., Broach, J., Arcila-Londono, X., Lee, E. B., Van Deerlin, V. M., Fraenkel, E., Ostrow, L. W., Baas, F., Zaitlen, N., Berry, J. D., Malaspina, A., Fratta, P., Cox, G. A., Thompson, L. M., Finkbeiner, S., Dardiotis, E., Hornstein, E., Macgowan, D. J. L., Heiman-Patterson, T., Hammell, M. G., Patsopoulos, N. A., Dubnau, J., Nath, A., Musunuri, R. L., Evani, U. S., Abhyankar, A., Zody, M. C., Kaye, J., Wyman, S. K., Lenail, A., Lima, L., Rothstein, J. D., Svendsen, C. N., Van Eyk, J. E., Maragakis, N. J., Kolb, S. J., Cudkowicz, M., Baxi, E., Benatar, M., Taylor, J. P., Wu, G., Rampersaud, E., Wuu, J., Rademakers, R., Zuchner, S., Schule, R., Mccauley, J., Hussain, S., Cooley, A., Wallace, M., Clayman, C., Barohn, R., Statland, J., Swenson, A., Jackson, C., Trivedi, J., Khan, S., Katz, J., Jenkins, L., Burns, T., Gwathmey, K., Caress, J., Mcmillan, C., Elman, L., Pioro, E. P., Heckmann, J., So, Y., Walk, D., Maiser, S., Zhang, J., Silani, V., Gellera, C., Ratti, A., Taroni, F., Lauria, G., Verde, F., Fogh, I., Tiloca, C., Comi, G. P., Soraru, G., Cereda, C., De Marchi, F., Corti, S., Ceroni, M., Siciliano, Giovanni, Filosto, M., Inghilleri, M., Peverelli, S., Colombrita, C., Poletti, B., Maderna, L., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Querin, G., Bertolin, C., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Camu, W., Mouzat, K., Lumbroso, S., Corcia, P., Meininger, V., Besson, G., Lagrange, E., Clavelou, P., Guy, N., Couratier, P., Vourch, P., Danel, V., Bernard, E., Lemasson, G., Laaksovirta, H., Myllykangas, L., Jansson, L., Valori, Vanna Maria, Ealing, J., Hamdalla, H., Rollinson, S., Pickering-Brown, S., Orrell, R. W., Sidle, K. C., Hardy, J., Singleton, A. B., Johnson, J. O., Arepalli, S., Polak, M., Asress, S., Al-Sarraj, S., King, A., Troakes, C., Vance, C., de Belleroche, J., ten Asbroek, A. L. M. A., Munoz-Blanco, J. L., Hernandez, D. G., Ding, J., Gibbs, J. R., Scholz, S. W., Floeter, M. K., Campbell, R. H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, R., Kirby, J., Pamphlett, R., Gerhard, G., Dunckley, T. L., Brady, C. B., Kowall, N. W., Troncoso, J. C., Le Ber, I., Heiman-Patterson, T. D., Kamel, F., Van Den Bosch, L., Strom, T. M., Meitinger, T., Shatunov, A., Van Eijk, K. R., de Carvalho, M., Kooyman, M., Middelkoop, B., Moisse, M., Mclaughlin, R. L., Van Es, M. A., Weber, M., Boylan, K. B., Van Blitterswijk, M., Morrison, K. E., Basak, A. N., Mora, J. S., Drory, V. E., Shaw, P. J., Turner, M. R., Talbot, K., Hardiman, O., Williams, K. L., Fifita, J. A., Nicholson, G. A., Blair, I. P., Esteban-Perez, J., Garcia-Redondo, A., Al-Chalabi, A., Al Kheifat, A., Andersen, P. M., Chio, A., Cooper-Knock, J., Dekker, A., Redondo, A. G., Gotkine, M., Hide, W., Iacoangeli, A., Kiernan, M., Landers, J. E., Mill, J., Neto, M. M., Pardina, J. M., Newhouse, S., Pinto, S., Pulit, S., Robberecht, W., Shaw, C., Sproviero, W., Tazelaar, G., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L. H., van Vugt, J., Veldink, J. H., Zatz, M., Bauer, D. C., Twine, N. A., Rogaeva, E., Zinman, L., Brice, A., Feldman, E. L., Ludolph, A. C., Weishaupt, J. H., Trojanowski, J. Q., Stone, D. J., Tienari, P., Shaw, C. E., Traynor, B. J., Marangi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-6898-8882), Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343), Capasso M., Mosca L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4641-0841), Fasano A., Sabatelli M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6635-4985), Zollino M. (ORCID:0000-0003-4871-9519), Conte A., Luigetti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7539-505X), Lattante S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2891-0340), D'Alfonso S., Siciliano G., Valori M., Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389), Nicolas, A., Kenna, K. P., Renton, A. E., Ticozzi, N., Faghri, F., Chia, R., Dominov, J. A., Kenna, B. J., Nalls, M. A., Keagle, P., Rivera, A. M., van Rheenen, W., Murphy, N. A., van Vugt, J. J. F. A., Geiger, J. T., Van der Spek, R. A., Pliner, H. A., Shankaracharya, Smith, B. N., Marangi, Giuseppe, Topp, S. D., Abramzon, Y., Gkazi, A. S., Eicher, J. D., Kenna, A., Logullo, F. O., Simone, I. L., Logroscino, Giandomenico, Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Borghero, G., Murru, M. R., Costantino, E., Pani, C., Puddu, R., Caredda, C., Piras, V., Tranquilli, S., Cuccu, S., Corongiu, D., Melis, M., Milia, A., Marrosu, F., Marrosu, M. G., Floris, G., Cannas, A., Capasso, Monica, Caponnetto, C., Mancardi, G., Origone, P., Mandich, P., Conforti, F. L., Cavallaro, S., Mora, G., Marinou, K., Sideri, R., Penco, S., Mosca, Luigi, Lunetta, C., Pinter, G. L., Corbo, M., Riva, N., Carrera, P., Volanti, P., Mandrioli, J., Fini, N., Fasano, Alfonso, Tremolizzo, L., Arosio, A., Ferrarese, C., Trojsi, F., Tedeschi, G., Monsurro, M. R., Piccirillo, G., Femiano, C., Ticca, A., Ortu, E., La Bella, V., Spataro, R., Colletti, T., Sabatelli, Mario, Zollino, Marcella, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Santarelli, M., Petrucci, A., Pugliatti, M., Pirisi, A., Parish, L. D., Occhineri, P., Giannini, F., Battistini, S., Ricci, C., Benigni, M., Cau, T. B., Loi, D., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Brunetti, M., Barberis, M., Restagno, G., Casale, F., Marrali, G., Fuda, G., Ossola, I., Cammarosano, S., Canosa, A., Ilardi, A., Manera, U., Grassano, M., Tanel, R., Pisano, F., Mazzini, L., Messina, S., D'Alfonso, Sandra, Corrado, L., Ferrucci, L., Harms, M. B., Goldstein, D. B., Shneider, N. A., Goutman, S. A., Simmons, Z., Miller, T. M., Chandran, S., Pal, S., Manousakis, G., Appel, S. H., Simpson, E., Wang, L., Baloh, R. H., Gibson, S. B., Bedlack, R., Lacomis, D., Sareen, D., Sherman, A., Bruijn, L., Penny, M., Moreno, C. D. A. M., Kamalakaran, S., Allen, A. S., Boone, B. E., Brown, R. H., Carulli, J. P., Chesi, A., Chung, W. K., Cirulli, E. T., Cooper, G. M., Couthouis, J., Day-Williams, A. G., Dion, P. A., Gitler, A. D., Glass, J. D., Han, Y., Harris, T., Hayes, S. D., Jones, A. L., Keebler, J., Krueger, B. J., Lasseigne, B. N., Levy, S. E., Lu, Y. -F., Maniatis, T., McKenna-Yasek, D., Myers, R. M., Petrovski, S., Pulst, S. M., Raphael, A. R., Ravits, J. M., Ren, Z., Rouleau, G. A., Sapp, P. C., Sims, K. B., Staropoli, J. F., Waite, L. L., Wang, Quanquan, Wimbish, J. R., Xin, W. W., Phatnani, H., Kwan, J., Broach, J., Arcila-Londono, X., Lee, E. B., Van Deerlin, V. M., Fraenkel, E., Ostrow, L. W., Baas, F., Zaitlen, N., Berry, J. D., Malaspina, A., Fratta, P., Cox, G. A., Thompson, L. M., Finkbeiner, S., Dardiotis, E., Hornstein, E., Macgowan, D. J. L., Heiman-Patterson, T., Hammell, M. G., Patsopoulos, N. A., Dubnau, J., Nath, A., Musunuri, R. L., Evani, U. S., Abhyankar, A., Zody, M. C., Kaye, J., Wyman, S. K., Lenail, A., Lima, L., Rothstein, J. D., Svendsen, C. N., Van Eyk, J. E., Maragakis, N. J., Kolb, S. J., Cudkowicz, M., Baxi, E., Benatar, M., Taylor, J. P., Wu, G., Rampersaud, E., Wuu, J., Rademakers, R., Zuchner, S., Schule, R., Mccauley, J., Hussain, S., Cooley, A., Wallace, M., Clayman, C., Barohn, R., Statland, J., Swenson, A., Jackson, C., Trivedi, J., Khan, S., Katz, J., Jenkins, L., Burns, T., Gwathmey, K., Caress, J., Mcmillan, C., Elman, L., Pioro, E. P., Heckmann, J., So, Y., Walk, D., Maiser, S., Zhang, J., Silani, V., Gellera, C., Ratti, A., Taroni, F., Lauria, G., Verde, F., Fogh, I., Tiloca, C., Comi, G. P., Soraru, G., Cereda, C., De Marchi, F., Corti, S., Ceroni, M., Siciliano, Giovanni, Filosto, M., Inghilleri, M., Peverelli, S., Colombrita, C., Poletti, B., Maderna, L., Del Bo, R., Gagliardi, S., Querin, G., Bertolin, C., Pensato, V., Castellotti, B., Camu, W., Mouzat, K., Lumbroso, S., Corcia, P., Meininger, V., Besson, G., Lagrange, E., Clavelou, P., Guy, N., Couratier, P., Vourch, P., Danel, V., Bernard, E., Lemasson, G., Laaksovirta, H., Myllykangas, L., Jansson, L., Valori, Vanna Maria, Ealing, J., Hamdalla, H., Rollinson, S., Pickering-Brown, S., Orrell, R. W., Sidle, K. C., Hardy, J., Singleton, A. B., Johnson, J. O., Arepalli, S., Polak, M., Asress, S., Al-Sarraj, S., King, A., Troakes, C., Vance, C., de Belleroche, J., ten Asbroek, A. L. M. A., Munoz-Blanco, J. L., Hernandez, D. G., Ding, J., Gibbs, J. R., Scholz, S. W., Floeter, M. K., Campbell, R. H., Landi, Francesco, Bowser, R., Kirby, J., Pamphlett, R., Gerhard, G., Dunckley, T. L., Brady, C. B., Kowall, N. W., Troncoso, J. C., Le Ber, I., Heiman-Patterson, T. D., Kamel, F., Van Den Bosch, L., Strom, T. M., Meitinger, T., Shatunov, A., Van Eijk, K. R., de Carvalho, M., Kooyman, M., Middelkoop, B., Moisse, M., Mclaughlin, R. L., Van Es, M. A., Weber, M., Boylan, K. B., Van Blitterswijk, M., Morrison, K. E., Basak, A. N., Mora, J. S., Drory, V. E., Shaw, P. J., Turner, M. R., Talbot, K., Hardiman, O., Williams, K. L., Fifita, J. A., Nicholson, G. A., Blair, I. P., Esteban-Perez, J., Garcia-Redondo, A., Al-Chalabi, A., Al Kheifat, A., Andersen, P. M., Chio, A., Cooper-Knock, J., Dekker, A., Redondo, A. G., Gotkine, M., Hide, W., Iacoangeli, A., Kiernan, M., Landers, J. E., Mill, J., Neto, M. M., Pardina, J. M., Newhouse, S., Pinto, S., Pulit, S., Robberecht, W., Shaw, C., Sproviero, W., Tazelaar, G., Van Damme, P., van den Berg, L. H., van Vugt, J., Veldink, J. H., Zatz, M., Bauer, D. C., Twine, N. A., Rogaeva, E., Zinman, L., Brice, A., Feldman, E. L., Ludolph, A. C., Weishaupt, J. H., Trojanowski, J. Q., Stone, D. J., Tienari, P., Shaw, C. E., Traynor, B. J., Marangi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-6898-8882), Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343), Capasso M., Mosca L. (ORCID:0000-0003-4641-0841), Fasano A., Sabatelli M. (ORCID:0000-0001-6635-4985), Zollino M. (ORCID:0000-0003-4871-9519), Conte A., Luigetti M. (ORCID:0000-0001-7539-505X), Lattante S. (ORCID:0000-0003-2891-0340), D'Alfonso S., Siciliano G., Valori M., and Landi F. (ORCID:0000-0002-3472-1389)

Abstract

To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS. Using a large-scale genome-wide association study and exome sequencing, we identified KIF5A as a novel gene associated with ALS. Our data broaden the phenotype resulting from mutations in KIF5A and highlight the importance of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.

Published
2018

17. Exploring olive trees genetic variability in the South East of Tunisia

Author

Ben Mohamed, M., Zelasco, S., Ben Ali, S., Guasmi, F., Triki, T., Conforti, F. L., and Naziha, G. Kamoun

Subjects
Genetic relationships, South-Eastern Tunisia, Microsatellite, Olea europaea, Genetic diversity
Abstract

Tunisia is one of the most important olive growing countries in the Mediterranean basin and it is classified in fourth rank on world scale in terms of olive oil production. Since the emergence of the modern oliviculture, the identification, the evaluation and conservation of the local genetic resources have been considered as a priority in countries like Tunisia. Molecular studies for genetic characterization allowed to enhance knowledge about the autochtonous olive germplasm, but currently it lacks a systematic and extensive work to compare and validate Tunisian olive varieties. This work focused on the molecular characterization and identification of 21 olive accessions grown mainly in the South East of Tunisia using a set of 16 microsatellite molecular markers. An extent of authentication process was also carried out by comparison with molecular profiles from Tunisian cultivars already characterized from official collections obtained from a set of 12 commonly shared macrosatellite markers by different authors. Population structure analysis of the Tunisian olive germplasm was also conducted using structure software. The results highlighted that no correlation between geographical and genetic origin occurred. New alleles were individuated, and two new genotypes were characterized contributing to enhance the Tunisian germplasm biodiversity. This work allowed individuating a few olive accessions that should be considered as reference cultivar in the authentication process and contributed to clarify the genetic pattern of the Tunisian germplasm.

Published
2017
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18. Genetic counselling in ALS: facts, uncertainties and clinical suggestions

Author

Chio, A., Battistini, Stefania, Calvo, A., Caponnetto, C., Conforti, F. L., Corbo, M., Giannini, Fabio, Mandrioli, J., Mora, G., Sabatelli, M., Ajmone, C., Mastro, E., Pain, D., Mandich, P., Penco, S., Restagno, G., Zollino, M., Surbone, A., Monsurro, M. R., Tedeschi, G., Conte, A., Luigetti, M., Lattante, S., Marangi, G., Volanti, P., Marinou, K., Papetti, L., Lunetta, C., Pintor, G. L., Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Quattrone, A., Gambardella, A., Logroscino, G., Simone, I., Pisano, F., Spataro, R., La Bella, V., Colletti, T., Mancardi, G., Origone, P., Sola, P., Borghero, G., Marrosu, F., Marrosu, M. G., Murru, M. R., Floris, G., Cannas, A., Piras, V., Costantino, E., Pani, C., Sotgiu, M. A., Pugliatti, M., Parish, L. D., Cossu, P., Ticca, A., Rodolico, C., Portaro, S., Ricci, Claudia, Moglia, C., Ossola, I., Brunetti, M., Barberis, M., Canosa, A., Cammarosano, S., Bertuzzo, D., Fuda, G., Ilardi, A., Manera, U., Pastore, I., Sproviero, W., Logullo, F., Tanel, R., Chiò, A, Battistini, S, Calvo, A, Caponnetto, C, Conforti, FL, Corbo, M, Giannini, F, Mandrioli, J, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Moglia, C, Ajmone, C, Mastro, E, Pain, D, Mandich, P, Penco, S, Restagno, G, Zollino, M, Surbone, A, Conforti, Fl, Italsgen, Consortium, Among, Collaborator, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, and Surbone, A.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, GENETICS, Genetic counseling, Genetic Counseling, Gene mutation, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, medicine, Humans, Genetic Testing, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Genetic discrimination, Psychiatry, Genetic testing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, medicine.disease, Penetrance, ALS, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Phenotype, Frontotemporal Dementia, Mutation, Surgery, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Neurology (clinical), business, Motor neurone disease, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract

The clinical approach to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been largely modified by the identification of novel genes, the detection of gene mutations in apparently sporadic patients, and the discovery of the strict genetic and clinical relation between ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). As a consequence, clinicians are increasingly facing the dilemma on how to handle genetic counselling and testing both for ALS patients and their relatives. On the basis of existing literature on genetics of ALS and of other late-onset life-threatening disorders, we propose clinical suggestions to enable neurologists to provide optimal clinical and genetic counselling to patients and families. Genetic testing should be offered to ALS patients who have a first-degree or second-degree relative with ALS, FTD or both, and should be discussed with, but not offered to, all other ALS patients, with special emphasis on its major uncertainties. Presently, genetic testing should not be proposed to asymptomatic at-risk subjects, unless they request it or are enrolled in research programmes. Genetic counselling in ALS should take into account the uncertainties about the pathogenicity and penetrance of some genetic mutations; the possible presence of mutations of different genes in the same individual; the poor genotypic/phenotypic correlation in most ALS genes; and the phenotypic pleiotropy of some genes. Though psychological, social and ethical implications of genetic testing are still relatively unexplored in ALS, we recommend multidisciplinary counselling that addresses all relevant issues, including disclosure of tests results to family members and the risk for genetic discrimination.

Published
2014
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20. ATNX2 is not a regulatory gene in Italian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9ORF72 GGGGCC expansion

Author

Chiò, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Lunetta, C, Traynor, B. J, Johnson, J. O, Nalls, M. A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Trojsi, F, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F. O, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Giannini, F, Mandrioli, J, Tanel, R, Capasso, M, Tremolizzo, L, Battistini, S, Murru, M. R, Origone, P, Zollino, M, Penco, S, Mazzini, L, D'Alfonso, S, Restagno, G, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Conforti, F. L, Logroscino, G, Bartolomei, I, Mancardi, G, Mandich, P, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Mosca, L, Lauria Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M. R, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Bersano, A, Corrado, L, Bagarotti, A, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Bertuzzo, D, Pisano, F, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M. G, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Ticca, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L. D, Occhineri, P, Ortu, E, Cau, T. B, Loi, D, Chiò, A., Mora, G., Sabatelli, M., Caponnetto, C., Lunetta, C., Traynor, B., Johnson, J., Nalls, M., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Borghero, G., Trojsi, F., LA BELLA, V., Volanti, P., Simone, I., Salvi, F., Logullo, F., Riva, N., Carrera, P., Giannini, F., Mandrioli, J., Tanel, R., Capasso, M., Tremolizzo, L., Battistini, S., Murru, M., Origone, P., Zollino, M., Penco, S., Mazzini, L., D'Alfonso, S., Restagno, G., Brunetti, M., Barberis, M., Conforti, F., Chiò, Adriano, Mora, Gabriele, Sabatelli, Mario, Caponnetto, Claudia, Lunetta, Christian, Traynor, Bryan J, Johnson, Janel O, Nalls, Mike A, Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Borghero, Giuseppe, Trojsi, Francesca, La Bella, Vincenzo, Volanti, Paolo, Simone, Isabella, Salvi, Fabrizio, Logullo, Francesco O, Riva, Nilo, Carrera, Paola, Giannini, Fabio, Mandrioli, Jessica, Tanel, Raffaella, Capasso, Margherita, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Battistini, Stefania, Murru, Maria Rita, Origone, Paola, Zollino, Marcella, Penco, Silvana, Logroscino, G, Bartolomei, I, Mancardi, G, Mandich, P, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Mosca, L, Pinter, Gl, Corbo, M, Fini, N, Fasano, A, Arosio, A, Ferrarese, C, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Monsurro', Maria Rosaria, Piccirillo, G, Femiano, C, Bersano, A, Corrado, L, Bagarotti, A, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Ilardi, A, Manera, U, Bertuzzo, D, Tanel, R, Pisano, F, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, Mg, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Ticca, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, Ld, Occhineri, P, Ortu, E, Cau, Tb, Loi, D, Mazzini, Letizia, D'Alfonso, Sandra, Restagno, Gabriella, Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Conforti, Francesca L., Chiò, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Lunetta, C, Traynor, B, Johnson, J, Nalls, M, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Trojsi, F, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F, Riva, N, Carrera, P, Giannini, F, Mandrioli, J, Capasso, M, Tremolizzo, L, Battistini, S, Murru, M, Origone, P, Zollino, M, Penco, S, Mazzini, L, D'Alfonso, S, Restagno, G, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Conforti, F, Lauria Pinter, G, Tedeschi, G, Monsurrò, M, Marrosu, M, Parish, L, and Cau, T

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, C9ORF72, Genetic Association Studie, 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, C9orf72, medicine, Allele, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosi, Aged, Ataxin-2, Regulator gene, ATXN2, Phenotype, Neuroscience (all), Medicine (all), Developmental Biology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Neurology (clinical), Genetics, DNA Repeat Expansion, Protein, General Neuroscience, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, C9orf72 Protein, Italy, Population study, Female, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Human
Abstract

There are indications that both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and sporadic ALS phenotype and prognosis are partly regulated by genetic and environmental factors, supporting the theory that ALS is a multifactorial disease. The aim of this article was to assess the role of ATXN2 intermediate length repeats in a large series of Italian and Sardinian ALS patients and controls carrying a pathogenetic C9ORF72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat. A total of 1972 ALS cases were identified through the database of the Italian ALS Genetic consortium, a collaborative effort including 18 ALS centers throughout Italy. The study population included: (1) 276 Italian and 57 Sardinian ALS cases who carried the C9ORF72 expansion; (2) 1340 Italian and 299 Sardinian ALS cases not carrying the C9ORF72 expansion. A total of healthy 1043 controls were also assessed. Most Italian and Sardinian cases and controls were homozygous for 22/22 or 23/23 repeats or heterozygous for 22/23 repeats of the ATXN2 gene. ATXN2 intermediate length repeats alleles (≥28) were detected in 3 (0.6%) Italian ALS cases carrying the C9ORF72 expansion, in none of the Sardinian ALS cases carrying the expansion, in 60 (4.3%) Italian cases not carrying the expansion, and in 6 (2.0%) Sardinian ALS cases without C9ORF72 expansion. Intermediate length repeat alleles were found in 12 (1.5%) Italian controls and 1 (0.84%) Sardinian controls. Therefore, ALS patients with C9ORF72 expansion showed a lower frequency of ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length repeats than both controls (Italian cases, p = 0.137; Sardinian cases, p = 0.0001) and ALS patients without C9ORF72 expansion (Italian cases, p = 0.005; Sardinian cases, p = 0.178). In our large study on Italian and Sardinian ALS patients with C9ORF72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion, compared to age-, gender- and ethnic-matched controls, ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length does not represent a modifier of ALS risk, differently from non- C9ORF72 mutated patients.

Published
2015
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21. Mutations in the Matrin 3 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Johnson, J. O., Pioro, E. P., Boehringer, A., Chia, R., Feit, H., Renton, A. E., Pliner, H. A., Abramzon, Y., Marangi, G., Winborn, B. J., Gibbs, J. R., Nalls, M. A., Morgan, S., Shoai, M., Hardy, J., Pittman, A., Orrell, R. W., Malaspina, A., Sidle, K. C., Fratta, P., Harms, M. B., Baloh, R. H., Pestronk, A., Weihl, C. C., Rogaeva, E., Zinman, L., Drory, V. E., Borghero, G., Mora, G., Calvo, A., Rothstein, J. D., Drepper, C., Sendtner, M., Singleton, A. B., Taylor, J. P., Cookson, M. R., Restagno, G., Sabatelli, M., Bowser, R., Chio`, A., Traynor, B. J., Moglia, C., Cammarosano, S., Canosa, A., Gallo, S., Brunetti, M., Ossola, I., Marinou, K., Papetti, L., Pisano, F., Pinter, G. L., Conte, A., Luigetti, M., Zollino, M., Lattante, S., la Bella, V., Spataro, R., Colletti, T., Battistini, S., Ricci, C., Caponnetto, C., Mancardi, G., Mandich, P., Salvi, F., Bartolomei, I., Mandrioli, J., Sola, P., Lunetta, C., Penco, S., Monsurro, M. R., Conforti, F. L., Tedeschi, G., Gambardella, A., Quattrone, A., Volanti, P., Floris, G., Cannas, A., Piras, V., Marrosu, F., Marrosu, M. G., Murru, M. R., Pugliatti, M., Parish, L. D., Sotgiu, A., Solinas, G., Ulgheri, L., Ticca, A., Simone, I., Logroscino, G., Pirisi, A., Johnson, JO, Pioro, EP, Boehringer, A, Chia, R, Feit, H5, Renton, AE, Pliner, HA, Abramzon, Y6, Marangi, G, Winborn, BJ, Gibbs, JR, Nalls, MA, Morgan, S, Shoai, M, Hardy, J, Pittman, A, Orrell, RW, Malaspina, A, Sidle, KC, Fratta, P, Harms, MB, Baloh, RH, Pestronk, A, Weihl, CC, Rogaeva, E, Zinman, L, Drory, VE, Borghero, G, Mora, G, Calvo, A, Rothstein, JD, ITALSGEN Consortium (including Cammarosano,S, Canosa, A, Moglia, C), Drepper, C, Sendtner, M, Singleton, AB, Taylor, JP, Cookson, MR, Restagno, G, Sabatelli, M, Bowser, R, Chiò, A, Traynor, BJ., Moglia, C., Canosa, A., Johnson, Jo, Pioro, Ep, Feit, H, Renton, Ae, Pliner, Ha, Abramzon, Y, Winborn, Bj, Gibbs, Jr, Nalls, Ma, Orrell, Rw, Sidle, Kc, Harms, Mb, Baloh, Rh, Weihl, Cc, Drory, Ve, Rothstein, Jd, Italsgen, Consortium, Among the, Collaborator, Monsurro', Maria Rosaria, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Singleton, Ab, Taylor, Jp, Cookson, Mr, and Traynor, B. J.

Subjects
Male, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, genetics/pathology, Computational Biology, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins, metabolism, Family Health, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetics, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, metabolism/pathology, Mutation, genetics, Neurologic Examination, Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins, genetics/metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins, genetics/metabolism, Spinal Cord, metabolism/pathology, DNA Mutational Analysis, genetics/metabolism, RNA-binding protein, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins, Genotype, 80 and over, genetics, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Exome sequencing, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Neurologic Examination, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, General Neuroscience, RNA-Binding Proteins, Middle Aged, DNA-Binding Proteins, MATR3, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Muscle, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Female, Frontotemporal dementia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Muscle, Skeletal, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Family Health, business.industry, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, genetics/pathology, RNA, Computational Biology, Spinal cord, medicine.disease, genetic, business, Neuroscience, metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

MATR3 is an RNA- and DNA-binding protein that interacts with TDP-43, a disease protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Using exome sequencing, we identified mutations in MATR3 in ALS kindreds. We also observed MATR3 pathology in ALS-affected spinal cords with and without MATR3 mutations. Our data provide more evidence supporting the role of aberrant RNA processing in motor neuron degeneration. © 2014 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2014
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22. HFE p.H63D polymorphism does not influence ALS phenotype and survival

Author

Chio, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Lunetta, C, Traynor, B, Johnson, J, Nalls, M, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Monsurro, M, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F, Nilo, R, Giannini, F, Mandrioli, J, Tanel, R, Murru, M, Mandich, P, Zollino, M, Conforti, F, Penco, S, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Logroscino, G, Bartolomei, I, Capasso, M, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Mosca, L, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Fini, N, Georgoulopoulou, E, Tremolizzo, L, Tedeschi, G, Trojsi, F, Piccirillo, G, Cristillo, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Ilardi, A, Bertuzzo, D, Pisano, F, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Ticca, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Ortu, E, Cau, T, Loi, D, Chio A., Mora G., Sabatelli M., Caponnetto C., Lunetta C., Traynor B. J., Johnson J. O., Nalls M. A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Borghero G., Monsurro M. R., La Bella V., Volanti P., Simone I., Salvi F., Logullo F. O., Nilo R., Giannini F., Mandrioli J., Tanel R., Murru M. R., Mandich P., Zollino M., Conforti F. L., Penco S., Brunetti M., Barberis M., Restagno G., Logroscino G., Bartolomei I., Capasso M., Mancardi G., Origone P., Marinou K., Sideri R., Mosca L., Pinter G. L., Corbo M., Fini N., Georgoulopoulou E., Tremolizzo L., Tedeschi G., Trojsi F., Piccirillo G., Cristillo V., Spataro R., Colletti T., Conte A., Luigetti M., Lattante S., Marangi G., Santarelli M., Petrucci A., Battistini S., Ricci C., Benigni M., Casale F., Marrali G., Fuda G., Ossola I., Cammarosano S., Ilardi A., Bertuzzo D., Pisano F., Costantino E., Pani C., Puddu R., Caredda C., Piras V., Tranquilli S., Cuccu S., Corongiu D., Melis M., Milia A., Marrosu F., Marrosu M. G., Floris G., Cannas A., Ticca A., Pugliatti M., Pirisi A., Parish L. D., Occhineri P., Ortu E., Cau T. B., Loi D., Chio, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Lunetta, C, Traynor, B, Johnson, J, Nalls, M, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Monsurro, M, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F, Nilo, R, Giannini, F, Mandrioli, J, Tanel, R, Murru, M, Mandich, P, Zollino, M, Conforti, F, Penco, S, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Logroscino, G, Bartolomei, I, Capasso, M, Mancardi, G, Origone, P, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Mosca, L, Pinter, G, Corbo, M, Fini, N, Georgoulopoulou, E, Tremolizzo, L, Tedeschi, G, Trojsi, F, Piccirillo, G, Cristillo, V, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Santarelli, M, Petrucci, A, Battistini, S, Ricci, C, Benigni, M, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Ossola, I, Cammarosano, S, Ilardi, A, Bertuzzo, D, Pisano, F, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Puddu, R, Caredda, C, Piras, V, Tranquilli, S, Cuccu, S, Corongiu, D, Melis, M, Milia, A, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Ticca, A, Pugliatti, M, Pirisi, A, Parish, L, Occhineri, P, Ortu, E, Cau, T, Loi, D, Chio A., Mora G., Sabatelli M., Caponnetto C., Lunetta C., Traynor B. J., Johnson J. O., Nalls M. A., Calvo A., Moglia C., Borghero G., Monsurro M. R., La Bella V., Volanti P., Simone I., Salvi F., Logullo F. O., Nilo R., Giannini F., Mandrioli J., Tanel R., Murru M. R., Mandich P., Zollino M., Conforti F. L., Penco S., Brunetti M., Barberis M., Restagno G., Logroscino G., Bartolomei I., Capasso M., Mancardi G., Origone P., Marinou K., Sideri R., Mosca L., Pinter G. L., Corbo M., Fini N., Georgoulopoulou E., Tremolizzo L., Tedeschi G., Trojsi F., Piccirillo G., Cristillo V., Spataro R., Colletti T., Conte A., Luigetti M., Lattante S., Marangi G., Santarelli M., Petrucci A., Battistini S., Ricci C., Benigni M., Casale F., Marrali G., Fuda G., Ossola I., Cammarosano S., Ilardi A., Bertuzzo D., Pisano F., Costantino E., Pani C., Puddu R., Caredda C., Piras V., Tranquilli S., Cuccu S., Corongiu D., Melis M., Milia A., Marrosu F., Marrosu M. G., Floris G., Cannas A., Ticca A., Pugliatti M., Pirisi A., Parish L. D., Occhineri P., Ortu E., Cau T. B., and Loi D.

Abstract

It has been recently reported that the p.His63Asp polymorphism of the HFE gene accelerates disease progression both in the SOD1 transgenic mouse and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We have evaluated the effect of HFE p.His63Asp polymorphism on the phenotype in 1351 Italian ALS patients (232 of Sardinian ancestry). Patients were genotyped for the HFE p.His63Asp polymorphism (CC, GC, and GG). All patients were also assessed for C9ORF72, TARDBP, SOD1, and FUS mutations. Of the 1351 ALS patients, 363 (29.2%) were heterozygous (GC) for the p.His63Asp polymorphism and 30 (2.2%) were homozygous for the minor allele (GG). Patients with CC, GC, and GG polymorphisms did not significantly differ by age at onset, site of onset of symptoms, and survival; however, in SOD1 patients with CG or GG polymorphism had a significantly longer survival than those with a CC polymorphism. Differently from what observed in the mouse model of ALS, the HFE p.His63Asp polymorphism has no effect on ALS phenotype in this large series of Italian ALS patients.

Published
2015

23. CHCH10 mutations in an Italian cohort of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients

Author

Chiò, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Traynor, B. J, Johnson, J. O, Nalls, M. A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Monsurrò, M. R, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F. O, Nilo, R, Battistini, S, Mandrioli, J, Tanel, R, Murru, M. R, Mandich, P, Zollino, M, Conforti, F. L, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Penco, S, Lunetta, C, Giannini, F, Ricci, C, Mancardi, G, Bartolomei, I, Corbo, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Ossola, I, Logroscino, G, Tedeschi, G, Pugliatti, M, Pinter, G. L, Glynn, S, Gibbs, J. R, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Manera, U, Bertuzzo, D, Ilardi, A, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Pisano, F, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Piras, V, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M. G, Parish, L. D, Ticca, A, Pirisi, A, Ortu, E, Cau, T. B, Loi, D, Traccis, S, Fini, N, Georgoulopoulou, E, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Solamone, P, Maestri, E, Mazzei, R, Cristillo, V, Puddu, R, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Caredda, C, Origone, P, Mosca, L, Capasso, M, Turri, M, Petrucci, A, Tremolizzo, L, Santarelli, M., Chiò, A, Mora, G, Sabatelli, M, Caponnetto, C, Traynor, B, Johnson, J, Nalls, M, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Borghero, G, Monsurrò, M, La Bella, V, Volanti, P, Simone, I, Salvi, F, Logullo, F, Nilo, R, Battistini, S, Mandrioli, J, Tanel, R, Murru, M, Mandich, P, Zollino, M, Conforti, F, Brunetti, M, Barberis, M, Restagno, G, Penco, S, Lunetta, C, Giannini, F, Ricci, C, Mancardi, G, Bartolomei, I, Corbo, M, Conte, A, Luigetti, M, Lattante, S, Marangi, G, Ossola, I, Logroscino, G, Tedeschi, G, Pugliatti, M, Pinter, G, Glynn, S, Gibbs, J, Cammarosano, S, Canosa, A, Manera, U, Bertuzzo, D, Ilardi, A, Marinou, K, Sideri, R, Pisano, F, Spataro, R, Colletti, T, Floris, G, Cannas, A, Piras, V, Marrosu, F, Marrosu, M, Parish, L, Ticca, A, Pirisi, A, Ortu, E, Cau, T, Loi, D, Traccis, S, Fini, N, Georgoulopoulou, E, Casale, F, Marrali, G, Fuda, G, Solamone, P, Maestri, E, Mazzei, R, Cristillo, V, Puddu, R, Costantino, E, Pani, C, Caredda, C, Origone, P, Mosca, L, Capasso, M, Turri, M, Petrucci, A, Tremolizzo, L, Santarelli, M, Chiò, Adriano, Mora, Gabriele, Sabatelli, Mario, Caponnetto, Claudia, Traynor, Bryan J., Johnson, Janel O., Nalls, Mike A., Calvo, Andrea, Moglia, Cristina, Borghero, Giuseppe, Monsurro', Maria Rosaria, La Bella, Vincenzo, Volanti, Paolo, Simone, Isabella, Salvi, Fabrizio, Logullo, Francesco O., Nilo, Riva, Battistini, Stefania, Mandrioli, Jessica, Tanel, Raffaella, Murru, Maria Rita, Mandich, Paola, Zollino, Marcella, Conforti, Francesca L., Brunetti, Maura, Barberis, Marco, Restagno, Gabriella, Penco, Silvana, Lunetta, Christian, Giannini, Fabio, Ricci, Claudia, Mancardi, Gianluigi, Bartolomei, Ilaria, Corbo, Massimo, Conte, Amelia, Luigetti, Marco, Lattante, Serena, Marangi, Giuseppe, Ossola, Irene, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Pugliatti, Maura, Pinter, Giuseppe Lauria, Glynn, Shannon, Gibbs, J. Raphael, Cammarosano, Stefania, Canosa, Antonio, Manera, Umberto, Bertuzzo, Davide, Ilardi, Altonio, Marinou, Kalliopi, Sideri, Riccardo, Pisano, Fabrizio, Spataro, Rossella, Colletti, Tiziana, Floris, Gianluca, Cannas, Antonino, Piras, Valeria, Marrosu, Francesco, Marrosu, Maria Giovanna, Parish, Leslie D., Ticca, Anna, Pirisi, Angelo, Ortu, Enzo, Cau, Tea B., Loi, Daniela, Traccis, Sebastiano, Fini, Nicola, Georgoulopoulou, Eleni, Casale, Federico, Marrali, Giuseppe, Fuda, Giuseppe, Solamone, Paolina, Maestri, Eleonora, Mazzei, Rosalucia, Cristillo, Viviana, Puddu, Roberta, Costantino, Emanuela, Pani, Carla, Caredda, Carla, Origone, Paola, Mosca, Lorena, Capasso, Margherita, Turri, Mara, Petrucci, Antonio, Tremolizzo, Luico, Santarelli, Marialaura, Chiò, A., Mora, G., Sabatelli, M., Caponnetto, C., Traynor, B., Johnson, J., Nalls, M., Calvo, A., Moglia, C., Borghero, G., Monsurrò, M., LA BELLA, V., Volanti, P., Simone, I., Salvi, F., Logullo, F., Nilo, R., Battistini, S., Mandrioli, J., Tanel, R., Murru, M., Mandich, P., Zollino, M., Conforti, F., Brunetti, M., Barberis, M., Restagno, G., Penco, S., Lunetta, C., Giannini, F., Ricci, C., Mancardi, G., Bartolomei, I., Corbo, M., Conte, A., Luigetti, M., Lattante, S., Marangi, G., Ossola, I., Logroscino, G., Tedeschi, G., Pugliatti, M., Pinter, G., Glynn, S., Gibbs, J., Cammarosano, S., Canosa, A., Manera, U., Bertuzzo, D., Ilardi, A., Marinou, K., Sideri, R., Pisano, F., Spataro, R., Colletti, T., Floris, G., Cannas, A., Piras, V., Marrosu, F., Marrosu, M., Parish, L., Ticca, A., Pirisi, A., Ortu, E., Cau, T., Loi, D., Traccis, S., Fini, N., Georgoulopoulou, E., Casale, F., Marrali, G., Fuda, G., Solamone, P., Maestri, E., Mazzei, R., Cristillo, V., Puddu, R., Costantino, E., Pani, C., Caredda, C., Origone, P., Mosca, L., Capasso, M., Turri, M., Petrucci, A., Tremolizzo, L., and Santarelli, M.

Subjects
Male, Aging, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CHCHD10, Familial, Sporadic, Aged, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Cohort Studies, Female, Frontotemporal Dementia, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Mitochondrial Proteins, Genetic Association Studies, Mutation, Genetic Association Studie, Disease, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, medicine.disease_cause, Exon, mental disorders, medicine, Mitochondrial Protein, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience (all), Developmental Biology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosi, business.industry, General Neuroscience, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Cohort, Cohort Studie, business, Human, Frontotemporal dementia, Cohort study
Abstract

Mutations in CHCHD10 have recently been described as a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comorbid with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of CHCHD10 mutations in Italian patients diagnosed with familial (n= 64) and apparently sporadic ALS (n= 224). Three apparently sporadic patients were found to carry c.100C>T (p.Pro34Ser) heterozygous variant in the exon 2 of CHCHD10. This mutation had been previously described in 2 unrelated French patients with FTD-ALS. However, our patients had a typical ALS, without evidence of FTD, cerebellar or extrapyramidal signs, or sensorineural deficits. We confirm that CHCHD10 mutations account for ~1% of Italian ALS patients and are a cause of disease in subjects without dementia or other atypical clinical signs.

Published
2015
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24. Molecular testing in Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): mutational spectrum, patterns of recurrence and correlation with clinical features in Italy

Author

Gabriele, A. L., Grifa, D., Ruggieri, Martino, Carella, M., Larizza, L., Clementi, M., Bonioli, E., DE LUCA, A., Origone, P., Riva, P., Sprovieri, T., Patitucci, A., Magariello, A., Muglia, M., Mazzei, R., Conforti, F. L., Augello, B., Stanziale, P., Muscarella, L., Iannetti, P., Pascali, M. P., DI NETTA, S., DALLA PICCOLA, B., Quattrone, A., and Zelante, L.

Published
2006

25. Molecular testing in Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): Mutational spectrum, patterns of recurrence and correlation with clinical features in Italy

Author

Gabriele, A. L., Grifa, D., Ruggieri, Martino, Carella, M., Larizza, L., Clementi, M., Bonioli, E., DE LUCA, A., Origone, P., Riva, P., Peluso, G., Sprovieri, T., Patitucci, A., Magariello, A., Muglia, M., Mazzei, R., Conforti, F. L., Augello, B., Stanziale, P., Muscarella, L., Nucifora, C., Iannetti, P., Pascali, M. P., DI NETTA, S., Dallapiccola, B., Quattrone, A., and Zelante, L.

Published
2005

26. Cinque nuove mutazioni nel gene Cx32 rivelate mediante DHPLC

Author

Patitucci, A., Magariello, A., Gabriele, A. L., Mazzei, R., Conforti, F. L., Sprovieri, T., Ungaro, C., Citrigno, L., Valentino, P., Rodolico, Carmelo, Mazzeo, Anna, Toscano, A., and Muglia, M.

Subjects
DHPLC, CMT X-linked, CX32
Published
2005

32. TARDBP gene mutations in south Italian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Conforti, F. L., primary, Sproviero, W., additional, Simone, I. L., additional, Mazzei, R., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Ungaro, C., additional, Magariello, A., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, La Bella, V., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Tedeschi, G., additional, Citrigno, L., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Bono, F., additional, Monsurro, M. R., additional, Muglia, M., additional, Gambardella, A., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2010
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33. CONVENTIONAL MRI AND NOTCH3 GENE SCREENING IN SPORADIC CADASIL

Author

Liguori, M., primary, Mazzei, R., additional, Ungaro, C., additional, Simone, I. L., additional, Gambardella, A., additional, Plasmati, I., additional, Fera, F., additional, Aguglia, U., additional, Lanza, P., additional, Bono, F., additional, Chiumarulo, L., additional, Conforti, F. L., additional, Consoli, D., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2008
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34. Brachial amyotrophic diplegia associated with a novel SOD1 mutation (L106P)

Author

Valentino, P., primary, Conforti, F. L., additional, Pirritano, D., additional, Nisticò, R., additional, Mazzei, R., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Muglia, M., additional, Clodomiro, A., additional, Gambardella, A., additional, Zappia, M., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2005
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35. A new SBF2 mutation in a family with recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT4B2)

Author

Conforti, F. L., primary, Muglia, M., additional, Mazzei, R., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Magariello, A., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Bono, F., additional, Bergmann, C., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Peluso, G., additional, Nisticò, R., additional, Senderek, J., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2004
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36. A novel Notch3 gene mutation not involving a cysteine residue in an Italian family with CADASIL

Author

Mazzei, R., primary, Conforti, F. L., additional, Lanza, P. L., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Lupo, M. R., additional, Gallo, O., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, Magariello, A., additional, Caracciolo, M., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Fera, F., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Bono, F., additional, Cenacchi, G., additional, Santoro, G., additional, Muglia, M., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2004
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37. Narrowing of the critical region in autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia linked to the SPG5 locus

Author

Muglia, M., primary, Criscuolo, C., additional, Magariello, A., additional, De Michele, G., additional, Scarano, V., additional, D’Adamo, P., additional, Ambrosio, G., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, Mazzei, R., additional, Conforti, F. L., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Morgante, L., additional, Epifanio, A., additional, La Spina, P., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Gasparini, P., additional, Filla, A., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2003
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38. Gene conversion events in adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy

Author

Mazzei, R., primary, Gambardella, A., additional, Conforti, F. L., additional, Magariello, A., additional, Patitucci, A., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Sprovieri, T., additional, Labate, A., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Bono, F., additional, Bonavita, S., additional, Zappia, M., additional, Muglia, M., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2003
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40. Clinical and genetic study of a large Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2A family from southern Italy

Author

Muglia, M., primary, Zappia, M., additional, Timmerman, V., additional, Valentino, P., additional, Gabriele, A. L., additional, Conforti, F. L., additional, De Jonghe, P., additional, Ragno, M., additional, Mazzei, R., additional, Sabatelli, M., additional, Nicoletti, G., additional, Patitucci, A. M., additional, Oliveri, R. L., additional, Bono, F., additional, Gambardella, A., additional, and Quattrone, A., additional

Published
2001
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42. Lifestyle and late effects after poliomyelitis. A risk factor study of two populations.

Author

Mazzei, R., Conforti, F. L., Patitucci, A., Sprovieri, T., Valentino, P., Bonavita, S., Muglia, M., Gambardella, A., Magariello, A., Gabriele, A. L., Labate, A., Bono, F., Zappia, M., and Quattrone, A.

Subjects
*PATIENTS, *FATIGUE (Physiology), *POLIO, *BODY weight
Abstract

Rekand T, Kõrv J, Farbu E, Roose M, Gilhus NE, Langeland N,Aarli JA. Lifestyle and late effects after poliomyelitis. A risk factor study of two populations. Acta Neurol Scand 2003 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-0404.2003.00186.x © Blackwell Munksgaard 2003. Patients with polio often experience new symptoms (muscle weakness, pain, fatigue and respiratory problems) many years after the acute disease. This study examined possible interactions between lifestyle factors (overweight, physical inactivity, smoking) and late polio with new symptoms. A total of 148 patients hospitalized for acute polio in 1950–1954 at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway and 128 patients, hospitalized for acute polio in 1958 at Tartu University Hospital, Estonia responded to a mailed questionnaire regarding lifestyle and late polio with new symptoms. Multiple regression analysis, two samples t-test and chi-square analysis were undertaken. Mean body mass index (BMI) and percentage of smokers did not differ in the two cohorts, while polio patients were physically less active in Estonia. The physically active patients in both cohorts had significantly lower odds for experiencing polio-related late muscle pain (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.08–0.55) and fatigue (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.14–0.75). With increasing age the patients had significantly higher odds for experiencing new muscle weakness (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.00–1.07), fatigue (OR = 1.04;95% CI = 1.01–1.07) and breath shortness (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.00–1.07). Physically inactive patients are at a higher risk for late polio-related symptoms. An active lifestyle should be recommended for patients with polio sequels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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43. An Italian case of CADASIL with mutation CGC-TCG in codon 1006, exon 19 Notch3 gene.

Author

Guicletti, D., Casati, B., L. Mazzei, R., Cenacchi, G., De Berti, G., Zuccoti, G., Nicoli, D., Conforti, F. L., Sprovieri, T., Pasquinetti, G., and Brini, M.

Subjects
CEREBRAL ischemia, GENETIC mutation, EXONS (Genetics), COMORBIDITY, HOSPITAL care
Abstract

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is commonly overlooked or misdiagnosed owing to its recent identification. It is characterized clinically by recurrent cerebral infarcts, usually appearing between the ages of 30 and 50 years, subcortical dementia, and pseudobulbar palsy. It begins with migraine with aura in approximately one-third of patients. The pathological hallmark of angiopathy is the presence of characteristic granular osmiophilic material (GOM) within the basal lamina of smooth muscle cells. The defective gene in CADASIL is Notch3, which encodes a large transmembrane receptor, and 70% of missense mutations are in exons 3 and 4. Each gene defect leads to either a gain or loss of a cysteine residue in the extracellular N-terminal domain of the molecule. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman admitted to the hospital for transient ischemic attack and stroke-like episodes recurrent since age 43 years. The patient had pseudobulbar palsy, pyramidal signs, and cognitive impairment but not frank dementia. Cerebral MRI showed periventricular diffuse and confluent ischemic lesions. Ultrastructural study revealed an abnormal deposition of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) within the basal lamina in skin capillaries. Direct sequence analysis of the Notch3 gene was performed. Since no mutation was detected in exons 3 and 4, the remaining exons were sequenced and a missense mutation, CGC-TGC in codon 1006 of exon 19 was found. The mutation led to a gain of a cysteine residue. This is the first missense mutation in codon 1006 of exon 19 of the Notch3 gene to be described in Italy and the second reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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44. The spectrum of Notch3 mutations in 28 Italian CADASIL families.

Author

Dotti, M.T., Federico, A., Mazzei, R., Bianchi, S., Scali, O., Conforti, F. L., Sprovieri, T., Guidetti, D., Aguglia, U., Consoli, D., Pantoni, L., Sarti, C., Inzitari, D., and Quattrone, A.

Subjects
GENETIC mutation, FAMILIES, BRAIN diseases, CEREBROVASCULAR disease, PROGNOSIS, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a cause of hereditary cerebrovascular disease. It results from mutations in the Notch3 gene, a large gene with 33 exons. A cluster of mutations around exons 3 and 4 was originally reported and limited scanning of these exons was suggested for the diagnosis in most cases.Objective: To report Notch3 mutation analysis in 28 unrelated Italian CADASIL families from central and south Italy.Results: The highest rate of mutations was found in exon 11 (21%) and only 18% of mutations were in exon 4. This may be related to the peculiar distribution of Notch3 mutations in the regions of origin of the families.Conclusions: The results suggest that limited scanning of exons 3 and 4 is inadvisable in CADASIL cases of Italian origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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50. Case report Gene conversion events in adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy.

Author

Mazzei, R., Conforti, F. L., Patitucci, A., Sprovieri, T., Valentino, P., Bonavita, S., Muglia, M., Gambardella, A., Magariello, A., Gabrielle, A. L., Labate, A., Bono, F., Zappia, M., and Quattrone, A.

Subjects
*MUSCULAR atrophy, *PATIENTS, *GENES, *DIGESTION
Abstract

Mazzei R, Gambardella A, Conforti FL, Magariello A, Patitucci A, Gabriele AL, Sprovieri T, Labate A, Valentino P, Bono F, Bonavita S, Zappia M, Muglia M, Quattrone A. Gene conversion events in adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy Acta Neurol Scand 2003 DOI: doinum;10.1046/j.1600-0404.2003.00181.x © Blackwell Munksgaard 2003. To investigate the possible occurrence of a conversion event in three patients with adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type IV, which represents the mildest form within the spectrum of the SMA phenotype. We observed three patients with adult onset SMA and apparent isolated deletion of telomeric survival motor neuron (SMN1) exon 7. To distinguish between a deletion and a sequence conversion event of exon 7, these patients were analyzed in greater detail by a simple PCR-based assay. Analysis by DdeI digestion showed products for both telomeric and centromeric copies of exon 8. These findings indicated a gene conversion event as the site for primer R111 was retained at least in one of two alleles. These results provide first evidence that a conversion event may be also associated with adult-onset SMA, and further support the notion that a gene conversion event is usually associated with a milder SMA phenotype and a later onset of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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