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In 2023, a major European musical ensemble, the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra, celebrates its centennial. In the course of 100 years, this institution faced numerous obstacles, but thanks to the enthusiasm of great musicians, especially conductors, it has survived and laid the foundation for further musical and cultural development in Serbia. This article discusses the activity of the most important orchestral leaders (Stevan Hristić, Lovro von Matačić, Krešimir Baranović, Živojin Zdravković, Horst Förster, Vassily Sinaisky, Emil Tabakov, Uroš Lajovic, Dorian Wilson, Muhai Tang, Gabriel Feltz, Daniel Raiskin and Zubin Mehta), who have vastly contributed to or changed the course of the orchestra's development and left a big mark in its hundred-year-long history. In its centenary year, we will look back into the past, review the present, but also take a glimpse into the future the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra has already started to write for itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the impact of temperature on the fatigue life All Aluminum Alloy Conductors (AAAC) made of 6201‐T81. A heating chamber was developed to simulate thermal effects induced by electric current passage. Wöhler fatigue curves were generated under isothermal conditions at 75 and 150°C and later compared with the one at 20°C. The conductor exhibited similar fatigue life at 20 and 75°C; however, a significant increase of life was observed for tests at 150°C. Hardness tests and failure analysis of wire breakages were carried out on samples extracted from the conductor coil and on artificially aged samples maintained at controlled temperatures. The analyses revealed that at a temperature of 150°C, there is formation of small precipitates of magnesium and silicon within the aluminum matrix, which impeded the propagation of discontinuities, increasing the material's hardness and fatigue resistance. Highlights: The designed heating chamber simulates thermal effects during fatigue tests on conductors.S‐N curves at 20, 75, and 150°C reveal enhanced conductor life at higher temps.Failure analysis present similar patterns across all temperature fatigue failures.Samples' hardness on conductor wires shows a temperature‐induced mechanical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper concerns a classical subject regarding the structural properties of abelian number fields. The primitive elements, integral bases, conductors and discriminants are important for studying abelian number fields, and this paper emphasizes that they are closely related to the associated Dirichlet characters. Then by evaluating the Gauss sums, we can give explicit forms of abelian fields of small degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightning is a dangerous natural phenomenon due to its highvoltage electrical energy, which can cause significant damage. The primary hazard of lightning is direct strikes, potentially leading to severe burns, organ failure, and even death. Additionally, lightning can trigger fires, disrupt power grids, and cause explosions. To mitigate these risks, this research focuses on designing a lightning detection system using the "rolling sphere" method. The lightning strike zone is modeled using CorelDRAW software, aiding users in visualizing areas prone to lightning strikes. The device is assembled with electronic components designed to detect lightning based on the method, considering parameters such as peak current, current steepness, charge, and impulse force. Once assembled, the system undergoes testing in an open area at the Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, to verify its functionality and accuracy. Testing is conducted at night to minimize weather-related disturbances, such as Cumulonimbus clouds. The results confirm that the device operates as expected, successfully identifying areas at risk of lightning strikes. This system is anticipated to enhance safety and infrastructure protection in lightning-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of underage conductor workers aged 12-15 years. Early adolescents still require the development of various aspects in preparation for entering adulthood. Early adolescents are not ready to enter the world of work. This study aims to analyze the psychological impact of early adolescent conductor workers physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially in the Oebufu sub-district, Oebobo sub-district, and Kupang city. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were 10 young conductors aged 12-15 years. Data collection techniques include non-participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. The data obtained was then analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that working in early adolescence had a negative impact on the subjects' development in mental, physical, cognitive, and social aspects. Subjects are prone to experiencing conflict at work because they are emotionally unstable and do not have the skills to socialize with customers of various ages. Subjects are also prone to verbal and non-verbal aggressive treatment from older co-workers (drivers). Subjects are often depressed because the wages received are erratic. Subjects do not eat regularly and do not have time to exercise because they have to work from morning to night, even though they are in a growth period that can be maximized through exercise and consuming nutritious food on time. Busy work also causes subjects to drop out of school, so they lose the opportunity to practice their cognitive potential through education according to the stages of their intellectual change. Socially, subjects are easily influenced by the bad habits of smoking and consuming alcohol due to association with more mature co-drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piece "Da pacem Domine" (Give us peace, O Lord), by Arvo Part was inspired by a Gregorian antiphon from the 9th century. Written in the original tintinnabuli style, the piece uses numerous compositional techniques belonging to the early Renaissance period called Cantus firmus, parallel organum, faux bourdon, Landini cadence or anticipations, but also and even a modern way of vocal scoring: the "pointillistic polyphony". The work is divided into four sections, corresponding to the four verses of the prayer and the gravitational centre of the music is D. To impart expressive meaning to the musical performance, the interprets, both the conductor or singers can consider the following elements: homogeneity in individual voices and ensemble performance, different singing modalities (legato/non-legato) alternating between moments of cadence and the rest of the piece, the technique of attack and sound placement, finding and maintaining an appropriate inner state reflecting the ideas of the text and the general character of the piece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Currently, the development of composite systems doped with nanoparticles and based on liquid crystal (LC) media is being actively pursued. The latter, having unique properties, can be used to improve various LC devices. For this purpose, it is very important to investigate the mechanism of change in the properties of liquid crystal systems from the size and concentration of nanoparticles. Recently, a sufficient number of methods have been applied to measure the flow of liquid or gas based on different physical principles. Information about the average mass flow rate of a liquid or gas can be obtained by a measurement method based on steady-state heat injection into the flow. The average flow velocity can be measured by electromagnetic and ultrasonic sensors, while the average volume flow rate can be measured by hydrodynamic (aerodynamic) as well as mechanical turbine methods. In heat transfer and mass transfer, convective motion in a fluid medium plays an important role in the vast majority of natural phenomena and technological processes. Many processes of convective mass transfer and heat transfer in chemical, petrochemical, construction, nuclear and other industries are carried out in heat pipes. Up to the present time the question about efficiency of heat pipes application with bodies from composite materials also remains open. In the presented work the following objectives were set: to assemble an experimental setup to study the thermal effect (flow), to conduct studies of temperature change on the surface of the conductor of the compound based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals and viscosity of liquid crystals from the concentration of nanoparticles. Methods and Materials. In this experimental work, a heat flux acts in the region of the outer boundary of the conductor. Note that the redistribution of the thermal field is influenced by such processes as heat conduction and heat transfer. To observe the thermal effect, compounds based on liquid crystal nanoparticles were used. Nanostructured liquid crystal systems have a unique property as fluidity inherent in ordinary liquids. For opaque conductor walls, a method for determining the direction of heat flow is proposed. Earlier experimental studies have shown that temperature measurement is possible only by pyrometric method. Therefore, the redistribution of temperature change on the conductor flow surface was recorded using an optical pyrometer that perceives thermal (infrared) radiation. In this work, a compound based on liquid crystal nanoparticles, namely with the addition of cholesteryloleate, was used as a base. Results and discussion. In the course of the study, temperature dependences in the heat flow zone of the conductor in the absence and in the presence of liquid motion were experimentally obtained. Dependences of temperature change on the surface of the conductor with compounds based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals have been measured. Inhomogeneous redistribution of the thermal field is shown. The results of the study of the dependence of the viscosity of nematic liquid crystals on the concentration of nanoparticles are presented. Conclusion. The above data show that the thermal effect on the surface is not uniformly distributed. For visualization of the thermal effect, compounds based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals turned out to be more effective. A technique has been developed to determine the direction and calculate mathematically the magnitude of the liquid heat flux in the opaque conductor flow. It should be noted that the viscosity of liquid crystals changes when nanoparticles are coupled.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of conductor score use (conducting with a musical score vs. conducting without a score) on observers' perceptions of conductors. We also examined how those effects may differ when viewed from the ensemble perspective compared to the audience perspective. Participants (N = 126) were collegiate musicians who viewed two video recordings of a conductor leading a collegiate symphonic band through an excerpt of Grainger's Colonial Song. In one video, participants viewed the conductor using a musical score. In the other video, the conductor did not use a musical score. Half of the participants viewed the videos showing the front view of the conductor (ensemble perspective), and the other half viewed the back view of the conductor (audience perspective). Participants rated the conductor's competence and knowledge of the score in each video. Results indicated a significant effect due to score condition. However, that effect was not independent of viewing perspective or presentation order. Responses to open-ended questions indicated that conductor gesture was the most common aspect observed by participants, but participants also reported that conductor score use was one of the common aspects noticed when evaluating knowledge of the score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piece “Da pacem Domine” (Give us peace, O Lord), by Arvo Pärt was inspired by a Gregorian antiphon from the 9th century. Written in the original tintinnabuli style, the piece uses numerous compositional techniques belonging to the early Renaissance period called Cantus firmus, parallel organum, faux bourdon, Landini cadence or anticipations, but also and even a modern way of vocal scoring: the “pointillistic polyphony”. The work is divided into four sections, corresponding to the four verses of the prayer and the gravitational centre of the music is D. To impart expressive meaning to the musical performance, the interprets, both the conductor or singers can consider the following elements: homogeneity in individual voices and ensemble performance, different singing modalities (legato/non-legato) alternating between moments of cadence and the rest of the piece, the technique of attack and sound placement, finding and maintaining an appropriate inner state reflecting the ideas of the text and the general character of the piece.

The article talks about the revival, formation and development of Kazakh choral culture. The beginning of the revival of Kazakh musical culture in the field of musical instruments, genres and forms of folklore was noted in the era of education and development of the peoples inhabiting the "proto-Kazakh" territory, in contact with the ethnocultural traditions of Altai and Siberia. Evidence of this is the first information about musical culture on the territory of Kazakhstan, which dates back to the end of the 1st millennium BC. -- 1st century AD. Scientists who have interpreted this period of time in their own way point to a high level of development of the culture of the ancient Kazakh nomads, who reproduced from year to year, from generation to generation, the musical traditions of the peoples of Kazakhstan and the monuments of the Saka era, allowing the reconstruction of the history of the cult purpose and mythological content of art. The entire spiritual heritage of the people developed until the twentieth century in an unwritten form and was passed on from mouth to mouth, from father to son, from teacher to teacher, from the past to the present day, and our task is to convey the history of the formation of the musical culture of our ancestors to the future generation. By the 20th century, Kazakh musical culture had been enriched with new genres and forms of music-making. In such a short but very important period of time, musicians were able to master the polyphony and voluminous arsenal of classical European music - opera, symphony, oratorio, ensemble, orchestral and choral performing forms, which served as an impetus for the development of the creativity of both composers and professional performing activities of musicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (k μ) μ = 1 4 be a quartet of cyclic cubic number fields sharing a common conductor c = p q r divisible by exactly three prime(power)s, p , q , r . For those components of the quartet whose 3-class group Cl 3 (k μ) ≃ (Z / 3 Z) 2 is elementary bicyclic, the automorphism group M = Gal (F 3 2 (k μ) / k μ) of the maximal metabelian unramified 3-extension of k μ is determined by conditions for cubic residue symbols between p , q , r and for ambiguous principal ideals in subfields of the common absolute 3-genus field k * of all k μ . With the aid of the relation rank d 2 (M) , it is decided whether M coincides with the Galois group G = Gal (F 3 ∞ (k μ) / k μ) of the maximal unramified pro-3-extension of k μ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the representation of classical music concert in Hollywood cartoons of the 1930s — 1950s. A concert as a symbol of the academic musical culture was well-known to the American cinema audience. The author of the article studies how the cartoons creators rethought the main elements of a concert ceremony using both the general stereotypes related with the world of classical music and the familiar images of American life of the first half of the 20th century. Special attention is focused on the development of a typical concert repertoire in cartoons and its relation to the category of popular classical music. The article gives a detailed analysis of concert types, features of a concert space, the appearance and behaviour of soloists, orchestra players, and conductors, and the evolution of these elements during the Golden Age of Hollywood cartoons. The conclusion is made that a concert in cartoons becomes an ideal object of parody and carnival play which mirror the conflict between high and low art that exists in the mind of the audience and work as assimilation mechanisms for the artistic experience of the elite culture. The methods of history, art studies, and cultural studies are used in the research.

Abstract In the petroleum sector, spectral-induced polarization (SIP) can detect low-frequency electrical characteristics in rocks without causing any damage. Measurements from 1 mHz to 100 kHz were conducted at ambient temperature for synthetic shale sand combinations from Gabel El-Galala, Cairo, Egypt. Because of an increase in the relative conductor (shale) concentration despite a reduction in the relative insulator (sand) concentration, and the effect of increasing saturation, this is the first study to explain the electrical impact of shale sand combination. We will also look into its saturation and frequency to further model and analyze shale with electrical characteristics. Both conductivity and impedance decrease regarding sand's presence. The dielectric constant increases with increasing shale level and saturation below the percolation threshold but drops beyond it. Material rich in shale has lower impedance than material rich in sand. Concentrating and saturating the shale in the synthetic sand enhanced its electrical conductivity. Ionized liquid and the conductive minerals present in shale also contribute to this improvement. The mixture's electrical characteristics improved significantly as the frequency rose. Low-frequency analysis shows that the samples have high conductive and dielectric constants. These investigations could improve oil and gas recovery by illuminating the electrical characteristics of the reservoir rock.

For a conductor the text of the score is that building material used in the creation of “his own world”. This paper examines the system of means used by a conductor in creating an opera performance. A transformation of the “mobile” and “fixed” elements of the score into a magnificent world of opera performance. The study is based on material from a production of the opera Orpheus by Claudio Monteverdi, directed by Jean-Pierre Ponnelle, conductor being Nikolaus Harnoncourt. This staging can certainly be considered one of the most striking examples of the remarkable interplay between conductor and director in an opera production. Each new revised edition of different opera titles, over the centuries, becomes the product of the personal vision of the creators, acting from the point of view of the aesthetics of its time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeologiai Értesítő is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Journal of Art Studies is the property of Central Asian Journal of Art Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this study is to investigate the vibration behavior of soft magnetoelastic plates mounted close to the rectangular conductors conducting current that can be efficiently applicable in structures. New relationships are derived for electromagnetic interaction forces with magnetoelastic plates using the general form of Maxwell's equations and Lorentz forces. Based on von-Kámán strain-displacement relations and Hamilton's principle, nonlinear differential equations are further derived for the plate through classical first-order shear deformation theory. This research numerically investigates how different parameters affect the resonance features of these plates by discretizing the nonlinear equations based on Galerkin method. The obtained results demonstrate that the intensity of the magnetic field and electric current profoundly affects the vibration behavior of the plates. Through these effects, loss of energy will happen in the plate which in turn results in a decrease in the oscillation amplitude over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the petroleum sector, spectral-induced polarization (SIP) can detect low-frequency electrical characteristics in rocks without causing any damage. Measurements from 1 mHz to 100 kHz were conducted at ambient temperature for synthetic shale sand combinations from Gabel El-Galala, Cairo, Egypt. Because of an increase in the relative conductor (shale) concentration despite a reduction in the relative insulator (sand) concentration, and the effect of increasing saturation, this is the first study to explain the electrical impact of shale sand combination. We will also look into its saturation and frequency to further model and analyze shale with electrical characteristics. Both conductivity and impedance decrease regarding sand's presence. The dielectric constant increases with increasing shale level and saturation below the percolation threshold but drops beyond it. Material rich in shale has lower impedance than material rich in sand. Concentrating and saturating the shale in the synthetic sand enhanced its electrical conductivity. Ionized liquid and the conductive minerals present in shale also contribute to this improvement. The mixture's electrical characteristics improved significantly as the frequency rose. Low-frequency analysis shows that the samples have high conductive and dielectric constants. These investigations could improve oil and gas recovery by illuminating the electrical characteristics of the reservoir rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upward wind caused by the blockage and diversion of the mountain significantly influences the wind-induced response of the insulator strings and transmission lines located on the uphill or the top of the mountain. Based on the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） numerical simulation technology， this paper carries out numerical simulation of generalized flow field around the mountain with different incoming wind fields， different mountain slopes and different mountain heights. Furthermore， it analyzes the variation law of the acceleration ratio of wind speed in all directions and obtains through calculation the wind-induced response of the insulator strings and conductors. The research results show that with the increase of the mountain height， the wind-induced response of the insulator strings and conductors is increasing. When monitored at a point of 0.8 times as high as the mountain， the wind-induced response has exceeded the standard value； with the increase of mountain slope， the wind-induced response of insulator strings and conductors increases significantly.

The perovskite material, lithium lanthanum titanate Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3 (LLTO) is one of the interesting prospects that may be employed as a solid-state inorganic electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. Here, three various formulations corresponding to: (i) 3x = 0.1 (Li 0.1 La 0.63 TiO 3), (ii) 3x = 0.3 (Li 0.3 La 0.57 TiO 3), and (iii) 3x = 0.5 (Li 0.5 La 0.5 TiO 3) were synthesized using sol-gel method. The impacts of lithium concentration, calcination temperature, elemental composition, microstructure, optical properties, and conductivity of the ceramics were studied using a plethora of techniques. DFT calculations were performed on Li 0.5 La 0.5 TiO 3 to get an in-depth understanding on the relationship between the structure –electronic– optical properties of LLTO materials. Our results show that the grain and crystallite sizes behave inversely proportional to the band gap. Maximum grain ionic conductivity on the order of 10−3S/cm and grain boundary ionic conductivity on the order of 10−6S/cm were obtained for both samples (3x = 0.3 and 3x = 0.5) at higher temperatures. The total density of states indicates that the titanium d-bands (Ti-d) and oxygen p–bands (O-p) form covalent Ti-O bond character. The formation of localized states is suggested to result in the lowering of the band gap energy, when lithium content is increased. Finally, the calculated mechanical properties show that LLTO (3x = 0.5) possess high elastic moduli as compared to other solid electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic imaging is an emerging technology widely applied in many fields, such as medical imaging, biomedical imaging, and nondestructive testing. In this study, we place transmitter and receiver antennas around an unknown object. We can use the direct sampling method (DSM) to reconstruct the material size and shape of the unknown object on the basis of the scattered field. We apply U-Net to reconstruct electromagnetic images of perfect conductors. Perfect conductors in free space are studied by irradiating a transverse magnetic (TM) polarization wave. Using the scattered electric field measured outside the object together with the boundary conditions on the conductor surface, a set of nonlinear integral equations can be derived and further converted into matrix form by the method of moments. Since an iterative algorithm is computationally expensive and time-consuming, a real-time electromagnetic imaging technique combining deep learning neural networks is proposed for reconstructing the perfect conductors. The initial shapes of the conductors are first computed by DSM by using the scattered electric field measured outside the object. The initial shapes of the conductors are then input to U-Net for training. Numerical results show that U-Net is capable of reconstructing accurate conductor shapes. Therefore, artificial intelligence techniques can reconstruct shapes more accurately than iterative algorithms, when combined with DSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

— A coelotine species, Femoracoelotes platnicki, previously known only from Taiwan, is newly recorded from Iriomote Island, southwest Japan. The genus Femoracoelotes is characterized by the presence of a palpal femoral apophysis, the absence of a median apophysis, the absence of epigynal teeth, and broad, saclike copulatory ducts connected or overlapped medially. The morphology of F. platnicki specimens collected from Taiwan, including the type specimens are reassessed. Morphological data including variation in male palpal morphology, coloration and markings are provided on the basis of fresh specimens from Iriomote Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have shown that numerical semigroups M =< 3,C + 1,C + 2 > and M =< 3,C,C + 2 > have maximal or almost maximal length, with conductor C, where C = 0(3) and C = 2(3), respectively. We also examined whether half of these numerical semigroups were of maximal or almost maximal length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this two-experiment study was to examine collegiate musicians' ability to discern conductor intent. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 44) viewed two videos of Sir Simon Rattle conducting an ensemble performing an excerpt of the Finale to Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2. One video featured the original performance, whereas the other video was synchronized with a different audio recording from a video of a performance led by Leonard Bernstein. When asked whether any of the two videos were mismatched, results indicated that the proportion of correct responses among our participants differed significantly from chance. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 127) watched two sets of videos, either matched (unaltered) or mismatched versions of videos featuring Sir Simon Rattle and Leonard Bernstein, and were asked to rate how well the musical intent of the conductor matched the performance of the ensemble they viewed. Although we found a nonsignificant overall result (p =.053) when comparing the matched and mismatched videos, we found a significant difference in participants' ratings between the matched and mismatched Rattle videos, but not for those featuring Bernstein. Our findings suggest that a conductor's visual contribution to the performance can enhance or detract from the observers' musical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their paper on the embeddings of the line in the plane, Abhyankar and Moh proved an important inequality, now known as the Abhyankar-Moh inequality, which can be stated in terms of the semigroup associated with the branch at infinity of a plane algebraic curve. Barrolleta, García Barroso and Płoski studied the semigroups of integers satisfying the Abhyankar-Moh inequality and call them Abhyankar-Moh semigroups. They described such semigroups with the maximum conductor. In this paper we prove that all possible conductor values are achieved for the Abhyankar-Moh semigroups of even degree. Our proof is constructive, explicitly describing families that achieve a given value as its conductor.

The paper analyzes the role-making of an orchestral conductor. It is framed by the symbolic interactionist perspective and focuses on Ralph Turner’s role-making theory and the works of Alfred Schütz and Howard S. Becker and associates. The research project is based on grounded theory methodology. The applied techniques include semi-structured interviews, video-elicited interviews, observations of teaching conducting and opera rehearsals, video analysis, and secondary data analysis. The results reveal how the process of role-making is shaped during secondary socialization and indicate the social features of the role, such as high social prestige, awareness of the body, an exclusive social group, and teamwork. The role-making process is based on permanent interactions and negotiations with social actors: the composer and the musical score, the orchestra, soloists, ballet, and the audience. Additionally, it is influenced by cultural factors, such as the conductor’s gender, age, nationality and international experience, competencies, as well as the type of professional contract. At the same time, conductors need to actively maintain the image of determined and resolute individualists, as expected by the social actors they interact with.

This is the first review of conductive electrets (unpoled carbons and metals), which provide a new avenue for low-power electronics. The electret provides low DC voltage (μV) while allowing low DC current (μA) to pass through. Ohm's Law is obeyed. The voltage scales with the inter-electrode distance. Series connection of multiple electret components provides a series voltage that equals the sum of the voltages of the components if there is no bending at the connection between the components. Otherwise, the series voltage is below the sum. Bending within the component also diminishes the voltage because of the polarization continuity decrease. The electret originates from the interaction of a tiny fraction of the carriers with the atoms. This interaction results in the charge in the electret. Dividing the electret charge by the electret voltage V' provides the electret-based capacitance C', which is higher than the permittivity-based capacitance (conventional) by a large number of orders of magnitude. The C' governs the electret energy (1/2 C'V'2) and electret discharge time constant (RC', where R = resistance), as shown for metals. The discharge time is promoted by a larger inter-electrode distance. The electret discharges occur upon short-circuiting and charge back upon subsequent opencircuiting. The discharge or charge of the electret amounts to the discharge or charge of C'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different additives' influence on electric conductivity of 'dielectric/conductor'-type composites (namely, polycrystalline cBN-based composites contained cBN as a dielectric phase and NbN as a conductor phase) is investigated. Investigated samples are obtained by the application of HPHT (high pressure-high temperature) sintering (P = 7.7 GPa, T = 2000°C). Electrical-resistance dependences on the temperature and applied voltage are measured for all samples. Obtained results' analysis shows that all sintered samples have a semiconductor nature of conductivity. It is interesting that addition dielectrics (Al2O3, Si3N4) as well as semiconductor (SiC) leads to the electric-conductivity improve (drop in electrical resistance) for cBN--NbN composites in some degree (despite the lower electrical conductivity of these substances). Alumina whiskers' addition to cBN--NbN composites leads to a more significant drop in electrical resistance compared to powder particles' addition (from 1.85 to 0.72 Ohm-cm for samples with whiskers (Al2O3w) and from 1.35 to 0.17 Ohm-cm for samples with Al2O3 powder). Hence, as concluded, the sample electrical conductivity is affected by both the additive particles' morphology and the grain boundaries' state of the sintered poly- crystalline ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In their paper on the embeddings of the line in the plane, Abhyankar and Moh proved an important inequality, now known as the Abhyankar-Moh inequality, which can be stated in terms of the semigroup associated with the branch at infinity of a plane algebraic curve. Barrolleta, García Barroso and Płoski studied the semigroups of integers satisfying the Abhyankar-Moh inequality and call them Abhyankar-Moh semigroups. They described such semigroups with the maximum conductor. In this paper we prove that all possible conductor values are achieved for the Abhyankar-Moh semigroups of even degree. Our proof is constructive, explicitly describing families that achieve a given value as its conductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal limit is hazardous to the current carrying capacity of conductors. Based on the experimental study of aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) wire, this article showed that nonuniform axial temperature profiles along the length of the aged conductor were related to contaminants deposited on the surface by pollution. And it showed composition analysis of the contaminants taken from areas of severe contamination and mild contamination. We had some discoveries. First, the temperature profile along the length of the aged conductor were much higher and steeper than those of the new conductor for various currents. Second, the temperature profile was strongly influenced by the surface conditions of the conductors. The more severe the contaminant level was, the greater the temperature change. And the difference in temperature between areas of mild and severe contamination was in the range from 2 to approximately 29.3 °C. Furthermore, contaminants taken from areas of severe contamination contained CO32−, oxides and organic compounds, and those from areas of mild contamination contained Na+, CO32−, oxides and organic compounds. It means that an abnormal increase in the surface temperature of the conductor is resulted from the nonuniform contamination distribution rather than different pollution components. The dynamic thermal rating of the new conductor was 55.73% greater than that of the aged conductor. After cleaning up the aged conductors, the dynamic thermal rating of the aged conductor was an improvement of 48.45%. It shows that cleaning up conductors or new conductors are able to withstand a higher alternating current along the conductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for calculating and optimizing devices for the magnetic exploration of fossils containing materials with a high magnetic permeability. The proposed technique is based on the calculation of electrostatic fields perturbed by conducting bodies and of magnetic fields perturbed by ferromagnets with a high magnetic permeability. It uses an integral equation of the first kind. This technique is preferable to the technique consisting in the use of an integral equation of the second kind, since in the situation under consideration, the latter does not have a unique solution and requires transformation. Prospects for the development of this area allow one to bring geophysical services to the service market on a new scientific and technical production level; reduce the environmental burden on nature by replacing magnetometric measurements with energy-saving, environmentally safe technology; and ensure the export potential of magnetometric equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)