Search

Let $p$ be a polynomial in non-commutative variables $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n$ with constant term zero over an algebraically closed field $K$. The object of study in this paper is the image of this kind of polynomial over the algebra of upper triangular matrices $T_m(K)$. We introduce a family of polynomials called multi-index $p$-inductive polynomials for a given polynomial $p$. Using this family we will show that, if $p$ is a polynomial identity of $T_t(K)$ but not of $T_{t+1}(K)$, then $p \left(T_m(K)\right)\subseteq T_m(K)^{(t-1)}$. Equality is achieved in the case $t=1,~m-1$ and an example has been provided to show that equality does not hold in general. We further prove existence of $d$ such that each element of $T_m(K)^{(t-1)}$ can be written as sum of $d$ many elements of $p\left( T_m(K) \right)$. It has also been shown that the image of $T_m(K)^\times$ under a word map is Zariski dense in $T_m(K)^\times$., Comment: 39 pages, 6 figures, and comments are welcome; Waring type problem is modified

We report first principles numerical discovery of hydrostatic pressure driven tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal transition in 1111-type material ThMnAsN accompanied by simultaneous magneto-structural, insulator to metal transition together with complete collapse of Mn moment. We present detailed evolution of various structural parameters, magnetism and electronic structures of ThMnAsN with increasing hydrostatic pressure. All the structural parameters show anomalies at a critical pressure P$_c \sim$ 9 GPa; c-lattice parameter, out of plane As-As bond length, anion height (h$_{As}$) undergo drastic modification compared to the in-plane parameters which is manifested in an iso-structural phase transition from tetragonal to a collapsed tetragonal (cT) phase. These modifications in "local structural correlations" due to pressure destroys usually localized nature of Mn moments and gets completely quenched. Apart from that the elastic constant, the electronic structures also bear the finger prints of insulator-metal and magneto-structural transition at higher pressures accompanying a total collapse of magnetic moment at the vicinity of 9 GPa. The critical value of the pressure P$_c$ at which tetragonal to collapse tetragonal phase transition occurs, remains robust with respect to the on-site Hubbard correlation (U). The dynamical stability of the compound at higher pressures are affirmed through detailed computations of phonon dispersion curves endowed with positive phonon frequency through out the Brillouin zone. The effect of magnetic spin structure on the electronic band structures are obtained through band unfolding. The electronic structure of ThMnAsN at higher pressures "orbital selectively" influences bands, band gap and closely resembles with the electronic structure of Fe-based superconductors with the occurrences of orbital selective Lifshitz transition., Comment: 13 pages, 21 figures

Given an oriented surface bounding a handlebody, we study the subgroup of its mapping class group defined as the intersection of the handlebody group and the second term of the Johnson filtration: $\mathcal{A} \cap J_2$. We introduce two trace-like operators, inspired by Morita's trace, and show that their kernels coincide with the images by the second Johnson homomorphism $\tau_2$ of $J_2$ and $\mathcal{A} \cap J_2$, respectively. In particular, we answer by the negative to a question asked by Levine about an algebraic description of $\tau_2(\mathcal{A} \cap J_2)$. By the same techniques, and for a Heegaard surface in $S^3$, we also compute the image by $\tau_2$ of the intersection of the Goeritz group $\mathcal{G}$ with $J_2$., Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures. In the second version, one appendix has been added. Also, some minor changes have been done, including descriptions of the space of homology 3-spheres using the second and third term of the Johnson filtration. In the final version, we included more precise definitions, and some new references

Two essential ingredients for the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect, i.e. topological and magnetic orders, can be combined by doping magnetic ions into a topological insulator (TI) film. Through this approach, the QAH effect has been realized in chromium (Cr)- and/or vanadium (V)-doped TI (Bi,Sb)2Te3 thin films. In this work, we synthesize both V- and Cr-doped Bi2Te3 thin films with controlled dopant concentration using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By performing magneto-transport measurements, we find that both systems show an unusual but yet similar ferromagnetic response with respect to magnetic dopant concentration, specifically the Curie temperature does not increase monotonically but shows a local maximum at a critical dopant concentration. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements show that the Cr/V doping introduces hole carriers into Bi2Te3, which consequently move the chemical potential toward the charge neutral point. In addition, the Cr/V doping also reduces the spin-orbit coupling of Bi2Te3 which drives it from a nontrivial TI to a trivial semiconductor. The unusual ferromagnetic response observed in Cr/V-doped Bi2Te3 thin films is attributed to the dopant-concentration-induced magnetic exchange interaction, which displays the evolution from the van Vleck-type ferromagnetism in a nontrivial magnetic TI to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY)-type ferromagnetism in a trivial diluted magnetic semiconductor. Our work provides insights into the ferromagnetic properties of magnetically doped TI thin films and facilitates the pursuit of high-temperature QAH effect., 17 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcome

Given a matrix pseudodifferential operator on a smooth manifold, one may be interested in diagonalising it by choosing eigenvectors of its principal symbol in a smooth manner. We show that diagonalisation is not always possible, on the whole cotangent bundle or even in a single fibre. We identify global and local topological obstructions to diagonalisation and examine physically meaningful examples demonstrating that all possible scenarios can occur., Comment: v3: final version

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry is a new technique for imaging spin waves in magnetic materials. It detects spin waves by their microwave magnetic stray fields, which decay evanescently on the scale of the spin-wavelength. Here, we use nanoscale control of a single-NV sensor as a wavelength filter to characterize frequency-degenerate spin waves excited by a microstrip in a thin-film magnetic insulator. With the NV probe in contact with the magnet, we observe an incoherent mixture of thermal and microwave-driven spin waves. By retracting the tip, we progressively suppress the small-wavelength modes until a single coherent mode emerges from the mixture. In-contact scans at low drive power surprisingly show occupation of the entire isofrequency contour of the two-dimensional spin-wave dispersion despite our one-dimensional microstrip geometry. Our distance-tunable filter sheds light on the spin-wave band occupation under microwave excitation and opens opportunities for imaging magnon condensates and other coherent spin-wave modes.

We show the unique reconstruction of the heat-reflection coefficients in a phonon transport equation. This is a mathematical model used to characterize the dynamics of heat-conducting phonons in multiple layers of media, commonly composed of metals and silicon. In experiments, the heat-reflection indices are inferred by measuring the temperature at the surface of the exterior metal after applying heat sources. In this article, we rigorously justify the unique reconstruction of these indices by using such procedures.

Recent studies have shown that layered compound EuCd2As2 could exhibit diverse topological states depending on the different magnetic structures, such as Weyl semimetal, Dirac semimetal, topological insulator, etc. In order to further study the interplay between magnetism and topology of EuCd2As2, it is necessary to figure out its magnetic structure. Here, by magnetization (M) measurements and negative magnetostriction (λ) along the [001] direction measured by scanning tunneling microscope on EuCd2As2 single crystals, we observe field-induced metamagnetic phase transition from A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state to field-polarized state, with canted AFM (CAFM) state in between. Magnetization and magnetostriction are more sensitive to the in-plane field than the out-of-plane field, indicating the magnetic moments lying in the ab plane. The absence of abrupt jump on M-H and λ-H curves demonstrates the phase transition is a second-order type. In CAFM state, M increases linearly with the field and λ is proportional to M 2 . Tunneling conductance spectra show the field-induced evolution of the electronic density of states. Our results provide experimental evidence for understanding the magnetic structure of EuCd2As2.

We are honored to dedicate this article to Emmanuel Rashba on the occasion of his 95 birthday. In the ideal disorder-free situation, a two-dimensional band gap insulator has an activation energy for conductivity equal to half the band gap, $\Delta$. But transport experiments usually exhibit a much smaller activation energy at low temperature, and the relation between this activation energy and $\Delta$ is unclear. Here we consider the temperature-dependent conductivity of a two-dimensional narrow gap semiconductor on a substrate containing Coulomb impurities, mostly focusing on the case when amplitude of the random potential $\Gamma \gg \Delta$. We show that the conductivity generically exhibits three regimes and only the highest temperature regime exhibits an activation energy that reflects the band gap. At lower temperatures, the conduction proceeds through nearest-neighbor or variable-range hopping between electron and hole puddles created by the disorder. We show that the activation energy and characteristic temperature associated with these processes steeply collapse near a critical impurity concentration. Larger concentrations lead to an exponentially small activation energy and exponentially long localization length, which in mesoscopic samples can appear as a disorder-induced insulator-to-metal transition. We arrive at a similar disorder driven steep insulator-metal transition in thin films of three-dimensional topological insulators with very large dielectric constant, where due to confinement of electric field internal Coulomb impurities create larger disorder potential. Away from neutrality point this unconventional insulator-to-metal transition is augmented by conventional metal-insulator transition at small impurity concentrations, so that we arrive at disorder-driven re-entrant metal-insulator-metal transition., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.09466

Electron correlations amplify quantum fluctuations and, as such, they have been recognized as the origin of a rich landscape of quantum phases. Whether and how they lead to gapless topological states is an outstanding question, and a framework that allows for determining novel phases and identifying new materials is in pressing need. Here we advance a general approach, in which strong correlations cooperate with crystalline symmetry to drive gapless topological states. We test this materials design principle by exploring Kondo lattice models and materials whose space group symmetries may promote different kinds of electronic degeneracies, with a particular focus on square-net systems. Weyl-Kondo nodal-line semimetals -- with nodes pinned to the Fermi energy -- are identified. We describe how this approach can be applied to discover strongly correlated topological semimetals, identify three heavy fermion compounds as new candidates, provide first direct experimental evidence for our prediction in Ce$_2$Au$_3$In$_5$, and discuss how our approach may lead to many more. Our findings illustrate the potential of the proposed materials design principle to guide the search for new topological metals in a broad range of strongly correlated systems., Comment: To appear in Nature Physics; submitted version of the manuscript (the accepted version will appear in the journal); 35 pages, 4 figures main text + 8 figures supplementary information

Recently, the possibility of exploiting the phenomenon of spin transition (ST) has been intensively investigated, therefore, it is particularly important to study the behavior of ST under various stimuli. Here, the shape and content of the intermediate phase of ST in Hoffmann-like compounds [Fe(Fpz)2M(CN)4](M = Pt, Pd) under external stimuli are studied. For this purpose, magnetic and Raman spectroscopy measurements were carried out. In pressure-induced spin transition (PIST), a mixture of high-spin and low-spin states appears, while in temperature-induced spin transition (TIST), a homogeneous state occurs. The first-order ST induced by pressure has a hysteresis, but is not abrupt. Whereas, the temperature-induced spin transition at ambient pressure is hysteretic and abrupt. To investigate this difference, we discuss using a thermodynamic model that considers elastic interactions, showing that the slope of the hysteresis loop is related to the appearance of internal pressure, which is related to the difference in sample compressibility under high spin and low spin states., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Cavity magnonics deals with the interaction of magnons - elementary excitations in magnetic materials - and confined electromagnetic fields. We introduce the basic physics and review the experimental and theoretical progress of this young field that is gearing up for integration in future quantum technologies. Much of its appeal is derived from the strong magnon-photon coupling and the easily-reached nonlinear regime in microwave cavities. The interaction of magnons with light as detected by Brillouin light scattering is enhanced in magnetic optical resonators, which can be employed to manipulate magnon distributions. The cavity photon-mediated coupling of a magnon mode to a superconducting qubit enables measurements in the single magnon limit., Comment: review article, 54 pages

The quantum spin liquid candidate 𝜅-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu2(CN)3 has been established as the prime example of a genuine Mott insulator that can be tuned across the first-order insulator–metal transition either by chemical substitution or by physical pressure. Here, we explore the superconducting state that occurs at low temperatures, when both methods are combined, i.e., when 𝜅-[(BEDT-TTF)1-𝑥(BEDT-STF)𝑥]2Cu2(CN)3 is pressurized. We discovered superconductivity for partial BEDT-STF substitution with x = 0.10–0.12 even at ambient pressure, i.e., a superconducting state is realized in the range between a metal and a Mott insulator without magnetic order. Furthermore, we observed the formation of a superconducting dome by pressurizing the substituted crystals; we assigned this novel behavior to disorder emanating from chemical tuning., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Alkali-doped fullerides are strongly correlated organic superconductors that exhibit high transition temperatures, exceptionally large critical magnetic fields, and a number of other unusual properties. The proximity to a Mott insulating phase is thought to be a crucial ingredient of the underlying physics and may also affect precursors of superconductivity in the normal state above TC. We report on the observation of a sizable magneto-thermoelectric (Nernst) effect in the normal state of K3C60, which displays the characteristics of superconducting fluctuations. This nonquasiparticle Nernst effect emerges from an ordinary quasiparticle background below a temperature of 80 K, far above TC = 20 K. At the lowest fields and close to TC, the scaling of the effect is captured by a model based on Gaussian fluctuations. The behavior at higher magnetic fields displays a symmetry between the magnetic length and the correlation length of the system. The temperature up to which we observe fluctuations is exceptionally high for a three-dimensional isotropic system, where fluctuation effects are expected to be suppressed.

The relative energetic stability of the structural phases of common antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxides (MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO) within the semilocal and hybrid density functionals are fraught with difficulties. In particular, MnO is known to be the most difficult case for almost all common semilocal and hybrid density approximations. Here, we show that the meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) constructed from the cuspless hydrogen model and Pauli kinetic energy density (MGGAC) can lead to the correct ground state of MnO. The relative energy differences of zinc-blende (zb) and rock-salt (rs) structures as computed using MGGAC are found to be in nice agreement with those obtained from high-level correlation methods like the random phase approximation or quantum Monte Carlo techniques. Besides, we have also applied the onsite hybrid functionals (closely related to DFT+U ) based on GGA and meta-GGA functionals, and it is shown that a relatively high amount of Hartree-Fock exchange is necessary to obtain the correct ground-state structure. Our present investigation suggests that the semilocal MGGAC and onsite hybrids, both being computationally cheap, as methods of choice for the calculation of the relative stability of antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxides having potential applications in solid-state physics and structural chemistry.

We report measurements of antiferromagnetic resonances in the van der Waals easy-axis antiferromagnet CrSBr. The interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields are comparable to laboratory magnetic fields, allowing a rich variety of gigahertz-frequency dynamical modes to be accessed. By mapping the resonance frequencies as a function of the magnitude and angle of applied magnetic field we identify the different regimes of antiferromagnetic dynamics. The spectra show good agreement with a Landau-Lifshitz model for two antiferromagnetically-coupled sublattices, accounting for inter-layer exchange and triaxial magnetic anisotropy. Fits allow us to quantify the parameters governing the magnetic dynamics: at 5 K, the interlayer exchange field is $\mu_0 H_E =$ 0.395(2) T, and the hard and intermediate-axis anisotropy parameters are $\mu_0 H_c =$ 1.30(2) T and $\mu_0 H_a =$ 0.383(7) T. The existence of within-plane anisotropy makes it possible to control the degree of hybridization between the antiferromagnetic resonances using an in-plane magnetic field., Comment: 50 pages 16 Figures

Concrete-filled double-skin tubular beams consist of two tubes, placed eccentrically or concentrically, with the hollow space between the two tubes filled with concrete. This type of construction can thus combine the properties of steel and concrete to provide the advantage of increased strength, ductility, stiffness and economy of the section. This paper reports on a study into the flexural properties of beams made of square hollow section steel for the both inner and outer tube, connected with steel strips. In total, 12 specimens were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. The effects of the concrete infill, the eccentricity of the inner tube, the provision of minimum steel reinforcement and slip control due to the attachment of steel strips at the end of the beams were studied. Beams with an eccentric inner tube showed better flexural response and were also more economical due to the reduced concrete volume; their load-carrying capacity under cyclic loading was less than that under monotonic loading. Compared with beams without longitudinal reinforcement, the beams with longitudinal reinforcement showed improved flexural strength when subjected to cyclic loading.

Single crystalline NbMnP was grown by the high-temperature solution growth technique and characterized by room temperature X-ray diffraction, temperature- and field-dependent magnetization, temperature-dependent resistivity, and heat capacity measurements. NbMnP is isostructural to TiNiSi with the space group of Pnma. Physical characterizations suggest that NbMnP is metallic and goes through an anti-ferromagnet transition at around 230 K with a weak magnetic anisotropy. A small ferromagnetic component is found to be perpendicular to [010].

The discovery of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors has spurred enormous interest. While the Ni$^{1+}$ cations possess nominally the same 3$d^9$ configuration as Cu$^{2+}$ in cuprates, the electronic structure variances remain elusive. Here, we present a soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy study on parent and doped infinite-layer Pr-nickelate thin films with a doped perovskite reference. By identifying the Ni character with resonant photoemission and comparison to density functional theory + U (on-site Coulomb repulsion energy) calculations, we estimate U ~5 eV, smaller than the charge transfer energy $\Delta$ ~8 eV, confirming the Mott-Hubbard electronic structure in contrast to charge-transfer cuprates. Near the Fermi level ($E_F$), we observe a signature of occupied rare-earth states in the parent compound, which is consistent with a self-doping picture. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the superconducting transition temperature and the oxygen 2$p$ hybridization near $E_F$ when comparing hole-doped nickelates and cuprates., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures

We investigate the nonequilibrium electronic structure of 1T-TaS2 by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe that strong photoexcitation induces the collapse of the Mott gap, leading to the photo-induced metallic phase. It is also found that the oscillation of photoemission intensity occurs as a result of the excitations of coherent phonons corresponding to the amplitude mode of the charge density wave (CDW). To study the dynamical change of the band dispersions modulated by the CDW amplitude mode, we perform analyses by using frequency-domain angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (FDARPES). We find that two different peak structures exhibit anti-phase oscillation with respect to each other by retrieving the amplitude and phase parts of the FDARPES spectra. They are attributed to the minimum and maximum band positions in energy, where the single band is oscillating between them synchronizing with the CDW amplitude mode. We further find that the flat band constructed as a result of CDW band folding survives during the oscillation while the Mott gap is significantly reduced. Our results suggest the CDW phase is robust, and the lattice modulation corresponding to the CDW amplitude mode dynamically modulates the Mott gap., 7 pages, 5 figures

The deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) represents a paradigm shift in quantum matter studies, presenting a “beyond Landau” scenario for order–order transitions. Its experimental realization, however, has remained elusive. Using high-pressure 11 B nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on the quantum magnet SrCu 2 (BO 3 ) 2 , we here demonstrate a magnetic-field induced plaquette-singlet to antiferromagnetic transition above 1.8 GPa at a notably low temperature, T c ≃ 0.07 K. First-order signatures of the transition weaken with increasing pressure, and we observe quantum critical scaling at the highest pressure, 2.4 GPa. Supported by model calculations, we suggest that these observations can be explained by a proximate DQCP inducing critical quantum fluctuations and emergent O(3) symmetry of the order parameters. Our findings offer a concrete experimental platform for the investigation of the DQCP.

An outstanding challenge involves understanding the many-particle entanglement of liquid states of quantum matter that arise in systems of interacting electrons. The Fermi liquid (FL) in $D$ spatial dimensions shows a violation of the area-law in real-space entanglement entropy of a subsystem (of length $L$), $S_{EE} \sim L^{D-1}\ln L$, widely believed to be a hallmark signature of the ground state of a gapless quantum critical system of interacting fermions. In this work, we apply a $T=0$ renormalisation group approach to a prototype of the FL in momentum (or, $k$)-space, unveiling thereby the RG relevant quantum fluctuations (due to forward and tangential scattering) from which long-range entanglement arises. A similar analysis of non-Fermi liquids such as the 2D marginal Fermi liquid (MFL) and the 1D Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) reveals a universal logarithmic violation of the area-law in gapless electronic liquids for a subsystem defined within a $k$-space window (of size $\Lambda$) proximate to the Fermi surface, with a proportionality constant that depends on the nature of the underlying Fermi surface. We extend this analysis to the gapped quantum liquids emergent from the destabilisation of the Fermi surface by quantum fluctuations arising from backscattering processes. Indeed, we find that the $k$-space entanglement signatures of gapped quantum liquids appear to be governed by the nature of the Fermi surface (e.g., nested or not) from which they emerge, as well as the nature of their parent gapless metallic liquid (e.g., FL, MFL etc.). This is confirmed by our finding an enhanced entanglement entropy for the nodal MFL present at the quantum critical point recently discovered in the 2D Hubbard model at optimal hole-doping. Our work thus paves the way for an entanglement based classification of quantum liquids emergent from the criticality of interacting fermionic matter., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 77 References in main manuscript. Supplementary Materials also included

In this work we consider the Anderson model on Bethe lattice and prove that the integrated density of states (IDS) is as smooth as the single site distribution (SSD), in high disorder

The annihilation of two intermediate-coupling renormalization-group (RG) fixed points is of interest in diverse fields from statistical mechanics to high-energy physics, but has so far only been studied using perturbative techniques. Here we present high-accuracy quantum Monte Carlo results for the SU(2)-symmetric $S=1/2$ spin-boson (or Bose-Kondo) model. We study the model with a power-law bath spectrum $\propto \omega^s$ where, in addition to a critical phase predicted by perturbative RG, a stable strong-coupling phase is present. Using a detailed scaling analysis, we provide direct numerical evidence for the collision and annihilation of two RG fixed points at $s^\ast = 0.6540(2)$, causing the critical phase to disappear for $s, Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures (plus supplemental material: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables); final version; major updates: abstract, introduction, conclusions, more detailed discussion of finite-size scaling in supplemental material (section S2, S2. A., and new Fig. S2)

We investigate the metal-to-insulator phase transition driven by the density-density electronic interaction in the quarter-filled model on a cubic lattice with two orbitals split by a crystal field. We show that a systematic consideration of the non-local collective electronic fluctuations strongly affects the picture of the phase transition provided by the dynamical mean field theory. Our calculations reveal the appearance of metallic and Mott insulating states characterised by the same density but different values of the chemical potential, which is missing in the local approximation to electronic correlations. We find that the region of concomitant metastability of these two solutions is remarkably broad in terms of the interaction strength. It starts at a critical value of the interaction slightly larger than the bandwidth and extends to more than twice the bandwidth, where the two solutions merge into a Mott insulating phase. Our results illustrate that non-local correlations can have crucial consequences on the electronic properties in the strongly correlated regime of the simplest multi-orbital systems.

Magnetic frustrations and dimensionality play an important role in determining the nature of the magnetic long-range order and how it melts at temperatures above the ordering transition $T_N$. In this work, we use large-scale Monte Carlo simulations to study these phenomena in a class of frustrated Ising spin models in two spatial dimensions. We find that the melting of the magnetic long-range order into an isotropic gas-like paramagnet proceeds via an intermediate stage where the classical spins remain anisotropically correlated. This correlated paramagnet exists in a temperature range $T_N < T < T^\ast$, whose width increases as magnetic frustrations grow. This intermediate phase is typically characterized by short-range correlations, however the two-dimensional nature of the model allows for an additional exotic feature -- formation of an incommensurate liquid-like phase with algebraically decaying spin correlations. The two-stage melting of magnetic order is generic and pertinent to many frustrated quasi-2D magnets with large (essentially classical) spins., 4 figures, additional Supplementary material included as PDF

We propose a general protocol for on-demand generation of robust entangled states of nuclear and/or electron spins of ultracold $^1\Sigma$ and $^2\Sigma$ polar molecules using electric dipolar interactions. By encoding a spin-1/2 degree of freedom in a combined set of spin and rotational molecular levels, we theoretically demonstrate the emergence of effective spin-spin interactions of the Ising and XXZ forms, enabled by efficient magnetic control over electric dipolar interactions. We show how to use these interactions to create long-lived cluster and squeezed spin states.

Bose-Einstein condensation of electron-hole pairs, exciton condensation, has been effortfully investigated since predicted 60 years ago. Irrefutable evidence has still been lacking due to experimental difficulties in verifying the condensation of the charge neutral and non-magnetic spin-singlet excitons. Whilst, condensation of spin-triplet excitons is a promising frontier because spin supercurrent and spin-Seebeck effects will be observable. A canonical cobaltite LaCoO$_{3}$ under very high magnetic fields is a propitious candidate, yet to be verified. Here, we unveil the exotic phase diagram of LaCoO$_{3}$ up to 600 T generated using the electromagnetic flux compression method and the state-of-the-art magnetostriction gauge. We found the continuous magnetostriction curves and a bending structure, which suggest the emergence of two distinct spin-triplet exciton condensates. By constructing a phenomenological model, we showed that quantum fluctuations of excitons are crucial for the field-induced successive transitions. The spin-triplet exciton condensation in a cobaltite, which is three-dimensional and thermally equilibrated, opens up a novel venue for spintronics technologies with spin-supercurrent such as a spin Josephson junction., 6 pages, 4 figures plus supplementary material

Strong coupling of charge, spin, and lattice in solids brings about emergent elementary excitations with their intertwining and, in one dimension, solitons are known as such. The charge-transferred organic ferroelectric, TTF-CA, has been argued to host charge solitons; however, the existence of the charge solitons remains unverified. Here, we demonstrate that the charge-transport gap in the ionic Mott-Peierls insulating phase of TTF-CA is an order of magnitude smaller than expected from quasiparticle excitations, however, being entirely consistent with the charge soliton excitations. We further suggest that charge and spin solitons move with similar diffusion coefficients in accordance with their coexistence. These results provide a basis for the thermal excitations of the emergent solitons., 6 pages, 3 figures

In quantum spin-1 chains, there is a nonlocal unitary transformation known as the Kennedy-Tasaki transformation $U_{\text{KT}}$, which defines a duality between the Haldane phase and the $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry-breaking phase. In this paper, we find that $U_{\text{KT}}$ also defines a duality between a topological Ising critical phase and a trivial Ising critical phase, which provides a "hidden symmetry breaking" interpretation for the topological criticality. Moreover, since the duality relates different phases of matter, we argue that a model with self-duality (i.e., invariant under $U_{\text{KT}}$) is natural to be at a critical or multicritical point. We study concrete examples to demonstrate this argument. In particular, when $H$ is the Hamiltonian of the spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, we prove that the self-dual model $H + U_{\text{KT}} H U_{\text{KT}}$ is exactly equivalent to a gapless spin-$1/2$ XY chain, which also implies an emergent quantum anomaly. On the other hand, we show that the topological and trivial Ising criticalities that are dual to each other meet at a multicritical point which is indeed self-dual., 16 pages, 10 figures

Using {\it ab initio} approaches for extended Hubbard interactions coupled to phonons, we reveal that the intersite Coulomb interaction plays important roles in determining various distinctive phases of the paradigmatic charge ordered materials of Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x A$O$_3$ ($A=$ Bi and Sb). We demonstrated that all their salient doping dependent experiment features such as breathing instabilities, anomalous phonon dispersions, and transition between charge-density wave and superconducting states can be accounted very well if self-consistently obtained nearest neighbor Hubbard interaction are included, thus establishing a minimal criterion for reliable descriptions of spontaneous charge orders in solids., Comment: 4 pages, 2 additional pages for references and 4 pages supplementary materials, title and abstract are modified

Quantum state preparation is a key step in all digital quantum simulation algorithms. Here we propose methods to initialize on a gate-based quantum computer a general class of quantum spin wave functions, the so-called Valence-Bond-Solid (VBS) states, that are important for two reasons. First, VBS states are the exact ground states of a class of interacting quantum spin models introduced by Affleck, Kennedy, Lieb and Tasaki (AKLT). Second, the two-dimensional VBS states are universal resource states for measurement-based quantum computing. We find that schemes to prepare VBS states based on their tensor-network representations yield quantum circuits that are too deep to be within reach of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. We then apply the general non-deterministic method herein proposed to the preparation of the spin-1 and spin-3/2 VBS states, the ground states of the AKLT models defined in one dimension and in the honeycomb lattice, respectively. Shallow quantum circuits of depth independent of the lattice size are explicitly derived for both cases, making use of optimization schemes that outperform standard basis gate decomposition methods. Given the probabilistic nature of the proposed routine, two strategies that achieve a quadratic reduction of the repetition overhead for any VBS state defined on a bipartite lattice are devised. Our approach should permit to use NISQ processors to explore the AKLT model and variants thereof, outperforming conventional numerical methods in the near future., Comment: Main text: 17 pages, 7 figures. Appendices: 10 pages, 5 figures. QASM files to be added in next version of preprint

In atomic physics, the Hund rule says that the largest spin and orbital state is realized due to the interplay of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the Coulomb interactions. Here, we show that in ferromagnetic solids the effective SOC and the orbital magnetic moment can be dramatically enhanced by a factor of $1/[1-(2U^\prime-U-J_H)\rho_0]$, where $U$ and $U^\prime$ are the on-site Coulomb interaction within the same oribtals and between different orbitals, respectively, $J_H$ is the Hund coupling, and $\rho_0$ is the average density of states. This factor is obtained by using the two-orbital as well as five-orbital Hubbard models with SOC. We also find that the spin polarization is more favorable than the orbital polarization, being consistent with experimental observations. This present work provides a fundamental basis for understanding the enhancements of SOC and orbital moment by Coulomb interactions in ferromagnets, which would have wide applications in spintronics., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure

Evidence for correlated insulating and superconducting phases around regions of high density of states was reported in the strongly spin-orbit coupled van-der Waals material twisted tungsten diselenide (tWSe$_2$). We investigate their origin and interplay by using a functional renormalization group approach that allows to describe superconducting and spin/charge instabilities in an unbiased way. We map out the phase diagram as function of filling and perpendicular electric field, and find that the moir\'e Hubbard model for tWSe$_2$ features mixed-parity superconducting order parameters with $s/f$-wave and topological $d/p$-wave symmetry next to (incommensurate) density wave states. Our work systematically characterizes competing interaction-driven phases in tWSe$_2$ beyond mean-field approximations and provides guidance for experimental measurements by outlining the fingerprint of correlated states in interacting susceptibilities., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material

The energy materials performance is intrinsically determined by structures from the average lattice structure to the atom arrangement, valence, and distribution of the containing transition metal (TM) elements. Understanding the mechanism of the structure transition and atom rearrangement via synthesis or processing is key to expediting the exploration of excellent energy materials. In this work, in situ neutron scattering is employed to reveal the real-time structure evolution, including the TM–O bonds, lattice, TM valence and the migration of the high-voltage spinel cathode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The transition-metal-mediated spinel destabilization under the annealing at the oxygen-deficient atmosphere is pinpointed. The formation of Mn3+ is correlated to the TM migration activation, TM disordered rearrangement in the spinel, and the transition to a layered-rocksalt phase. The further TM interdiffusion and Mn2+ reduction are also revealed with multi-stage thermodynamics and kinetics. The mechanisms of phase transition and atom migrations as functions of temperature, time and atmosphere present important guidance on the synthesis in various-valence element containing oxides.

The spin transport process through quantum dot molecular, embedded between two ferromagnetic leads in parallel configuration with the presence of spin accumulation, is studied by getting use of the non-equilibrium Keldysh – Green’s function technique. The electron-phonon coupling can be implicitly considered in the model, using the canonical transformation where a single phonon mode is considered in the strong electron – phonon coupling regime. Since the heat may interchange between the quantum dot molecular and the phonon bath coupled to it. And as the principle aim of our study is to determine the parameters that afford high spin (charge) heat generation, that must be avoid in the experimental applications, all the spin transport properties are investigated throughout the calculation of the spin and charge accumulation on the quantum dot molecular, the spin polarized currents, the spin and charge currents, the spin polarized heat generations, the spin heat generation and the charge heat generation. The calculations are accomplished as a function of the model calculation parameters that can be tuned experimentally. The spin blockade and the negative differential phenomena are investigated since the spin transport properties are studied extendedly in the case of a parallel configuration in the leads. It is concluded that the operative and functional values of the bias voltage can be determined by single phonon energy and the electron-phonon coupling values. Since all our calculations are accomplished for electron-phonon coupling equals 0.05eV. Finally, we must report the following: in the case of parallel configuration with high spin polarization, the spin heat generation equals the charge heat generation and both are relatively high where the intradot interaction has no role. While, as the spin polarization is lowered then the charge heat generation be greater than the spin heat generation when the correlation energy is relatively low.

The collapse of quasi-two-dimensional pseudospin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate of attracting atoms with intra- and cross-spin interaction is studied in the presence of the Rabi coupling. The condensate dynamics is presented as a function of the self-interaction and Rabi frequency. The evolution of two components of the condensate by using the Gross-Pitaevskii equations is investigated. The initial Gaussian ansatz for two-component wave functions is selected for the better interpretation of the numerical results. The intra-spin-coupling modifies the critical number of atoms causing the collapse while the collapse is observed only in a single pseudospin component. It is demonstrated that for cross-spin-coupling only double spin-components collapse can occur.

Although muons are primarily regarded as a local spin probe, they can also access the charge state of an atom or molecule via quadrupolar level crossing resonance (QLCR) spectroscopy. We use Li+TCNQ– (TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), a simple charge transfer salt, to test the potential of this technique in molecular systems by studying the interaction of a positive muon with the TCNQ nitrogen atoms. We show that both a positive muon and muonium are able to add to the nitrogen, leading to a singlet spin state for the addition molecule. This produces a characteristic three line QLCR spectrum, with the observed line positions and intensities determined by the principal values and orientation of the electric field gradient tensor at the nitrogen. Ab initio calculation of this field gradient and the resulting QLCR spectrum give good agreement with the experiment. A nonresonant background contribution to the relaxation rate also provides evidence for spin excitations rapidly diffusing along the TCNQ chains. These reflect mobile unpaired electrons introduced by muonium addition. It is thus shown that a single set of muon measurements can be sensitive to both spin and charge degrees of freedom in the same molecular material.

Ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers represent a central building block for spintronic devices where the magnetization of the ferromagnet can be controlled by spin currents generated in the heavy metal. The efficiency of spin current generation is paramount. Equally important is the efficient transfer of this spin current across the ferromagnet/heavy metal interface. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally that for Ta as heavy metal the interface only partially transmits the spin current while this effect is absent when Pt is used as heavy metal. This is due to magnetic moment reduction at the interface caused by 3d–5d hybridization effects. We show that this effect can be avoided by atomically thin interlayers. On the basis of our theoretical model we conclude that this is a general effect and occurs for all 5d metals with less than half-filled 5d shell.

We have employed one of the well-known many-body techniques, density functional theory plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT + DMFT), to investigate the electronic structure of ferromagnetic monolayer CrI3 as a function of temperature and hole-doping concentration. The computed magnetic susceptibility follows the Curie's law, indicating that the ferromagnetism of monolayer CrI3 originates from localized magnetic moments of Cr atoms rather than Stoner-type itinerant ones. The DFT + DMFT calculations show a different coherent temperature for each spin component, demonstrating apparent strong spin-dependent electronic correlation effects in monolayer CrI3. Furthermore, we have explored the doping-dependent electronic structure of monolayer CrI3 and found that its electronic and magnetic properties are easily tunable by the hole-doping., Comment: 4 figures

In frustrated spin systems, magnetic phase transitions underpin the formation of exotic, frustration-driven magnetic phases. Of great importance is the ability to manipulate these transitions to access specific phases, which in turn provides a means to discover and control novel phenomena. Artificial spin systems, incorporating lithographically-fabricated arrays of dipolar-coupled nanomagnets that allow real-space observation of the magnetic configurations, provide such an opportunity. In particular, the kagome spin ice is predicted to have two phase transitions, one of which is to a low temperature phase whose long-range ground state order has not been observed experimentally. To achieve this order, we change the global symmetry of the artificial kagome system, by selectively tuning the near-field nanomagnet interactions through nanoscale bridges at the vertices. By precisely tuning the interactions, we can quantify the influence of frustration on such a transition, and find that the driving force for spin and charge ordering depends on the degeneracy strength at the vertex. For the first time, we are able to observe the evolution of the magnetic configurations associated with a phase transition in real space and time.

The topological insulator BiSb is promising for spin-orbit torque applications thanks to its high electrical conductivity and giant spin Hall effect. Previous works have reported a large spin Hall angle for BiSb deposited on top of a ferromagnetic layer (FM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. However, since BiSb has large surface roughness, obtaining a large spin Hall angle in BiSb (bottom)/FM is more challenging than in FM/BiSb(top) structures, especially when the FM layer is very thin. Here, we investigate the role of an interfacial layer on the effective spin Hall angle in BiSb (bottom)/FM with in-plane magnetization deposited by magnetron sputtering on sapphire substrates. We showed that inserting an interfacial layer with optimized thickness helps improve the effective spin Hall angle. We achieved a relatively high effective spin Hall angle of 1.7 in BiSb (bottom)/Ru 1 nm/ Co 1 nm/ Pt 1 nm structure.

Half-metallic Heusler alloys typically have in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which can be converted to perpendicular by attaching MgO or heavy metal, e.g., Pt, layers as similarly applied for conventional ferromagnets. Recently we have found body-centered cubic (bcc) seed layers, e.g., V and W, to induce perpendicular anisotropy in Heusler-alloy films above, however, they show small giant magnetoresistive (GMR) ratios in spin-valve structures to date. This is partially because of the large resistivity of the seed layer and the nonmagnetic layer in the spin-valve. In this study, we have systematically investigated nonmagnetic overlayers and have found that a Ag layer best maintains the perpendicular anisotropy. The corresponding GMR devices have then been fabricated and characterized, achieving the GMR ratio of ~0.03% at room temperature. Such bcc seed layers can offer an alternative method for perpendicularly magnetized GMR junctions for applications.

Semiconducting clathrates are attracting a great deal of attention as potential candidates of thermoelectric material based on a design concept called Phonon Glass and Electron Crystal (PGEC). Since most of the thermoelectric clathrates are n-type, developing a p-type clathrate with high thermoelectric performance is an important issue. In this study, the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of Ba8Cu6Ge40 clathrate are calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) to search for new p-type clathrates. An energy gap is formed in the electronic band structure of Ba8Cu6Ge40, and the Fermi energy lies in the valence band, indicating that Ba8Cu6Geぃis a p-type semiconductor. The effective mass of the valence band is larger than that of the conduction band. The Seebeck coefficient for p-type is larger than that for n-type, reflecting the difference in effective mass. According to the dependence of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity on the chemical potential, adjusting the Fermi energy, corresponding to the carrier concentration, to the optimum value improves the power factor. Therefore, the results of DFT calculation show that Ba8Cu6Ge40 has excellent properties as a candidate for p-type thermoelectric materials.

Quartz samples taken from the ore veins of the Darasun gold deposit (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia) were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and laser ablation (LA) methods. The purpose of the research was to clarify the behavior of the Al impurity during quartz crystallization and its subsequent recrystallization. The results of the research were used to determine the genetic informativeness of the Al impurities concentration in ore quartz. A separate study of the regularities of the distribution of Al impurity in the regions of crystalline structure and in the zones of crystal lattice distortions was carried out. In the regions of crystalline structure, the Al impurity concentration NAL was determined by the concentration of paramagnetic Al–O–-centers associated with the presence of substitutional Al3+ ions. The content of the Al impurity in the zones of crystal lattice distortions was judged by the difference between the gross concentrations of aluminum CAl and the values of NAL. It was taken into account that the intensity and direction of the studied processes can be influenced by the temperature of quartz formation and the degree of its recrystallization. The temperature of quartz formation was estimated by the values of Ti impurity concentration, and the degree of recrystallization was estimated by the content of Li impurity CLi in the mineral. It was found that the amount of Al impurity localized in the zones of crystal lattice distortions is an order of magnitude higher than that present in the zones of crystalline structure. It is shown that this phenomenon is explained by the high ability of the zones of crystal lattice distortions to capture of Al impurity during quartz crystallization. The amount of Al impurity trapped by quartz increases sharply with an increase in the temperature of the mineral formation. In areas of regions of crystalline structure, a different picture is observed − impurity capture during crystallization proceeds with low intensity and is not so critically dependent on temperature. It was found that the Al impurity in the considered zones behaves differently during quartz recrystallization. If Al impurity capture continues in the regions of crystalline structure, then Al impurity removal from quartz can occur in the zones of crystal lattice distortions at high CAl values. Based on the data obtained, the areas of use of aluminum impurity contents as a typomorphic feature of ore quartz were determined. The Al impurity concentrations proved to be suitable for use in cases of low ore formation temperatures, and its gross CAl contents have the prospect of wider use. It is noted that a characteristic feature for quartz from high productivity zones is a negative angle of slope of the CAl(CLi) dependence plot.

Spintronic offers a solution by exploiting spin instead of electron charge since spin current propagation can occur in principle without dissipation. One of the applications involve within this project for storage media is heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). The objective of this study is to simulate the behavior of thermal gradient to generate a pure spin current using an ultrafast femtosecond (fs) laser in a nano-sized multilayered structure of (Al2O3/Ni81Fe19 (Py)/Cu/Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG)) at room temperature. A ferromagnetic/spacer/magnetic insulator nano-sized multilayered is the proposed structure for this study. Electron spin, directed by the external applied magnetic field, is transferred via the spacer to the magnetic insulator, leading to the generation of a spin-wave within the last layer. The ultrafast laser generates a spark of spin diffusion to get spin current. The thermal behavior within the trilayer simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics (v 5.5) is presented and supported by the theoretical model. Simulation results showed the effect of thickness and time on the generated spin current. Moreover, the thickness of the permalloy layer plays an essential role in generating a high-temperature gradient within a magnetic insulator to generate a spin current.

When a current flows through a heavy metal (HM), the spin of the current carriers is polarized by the spin Hall effect (SHE). In a junction of a HM and a ferromagnetic metal (FM), the spin current flows into the FM from the HM and gives spin-transfer torque to the magnetic moments of the FM. We calculate the spin current in a layer of HM/FM with the SHE. We use a spin-resolved electrochemical potential including the SHE in the calculation of the spin current. The spin current flowing into the FM depends strongly on the thickness of the HM., This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20H02607

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (I-DMI) occurs in a ferromagnetic wire on a heavy metal. Magnetic moments (MMs) at the edge of the wire are forcibly canted by the I-DMI. The influence of the canting MM at the wire edge on the wire interior is unclear. Here, we theoretically investigate the MMs under the I-DMI. The effect of the canting of MMs at the edge of the interior is shown to increase with a smaller exchange energy and a larger perpendicular anisotropy. A cosine of the cant angle of the MMs decreases exponentially with distance from the edge., We are grateful to the Kansai University Fund for Supporting Young Scholars 2019. 研究課題「スピンホール効果によるスピン注入を用いたナノ磁石磁化反転の高速化に向けた研究」

Macroscopic responses of magnets are often governed by magnetization and, thus, have been restricted to ferromagnets. However, such responses are strikingly large in the newly developed topological magnets, breaking the conventional scaling with magnetization. Taking the recently discovered antiferromagnetic (AF) Weyl semimetals as a prime example, we highlight the two central ingredients driving the significant macroscopic responses: the Berry curvature enhanced because of nontrivial band topology in momentum space, and the cluster magnetic multipoles in real space. The combination of large Berry curvature and multipoles enables large macroscopic responses such as the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, the magneto-optical effect, and the novel magnetic spin Hall effect in antiferromagnets with negligible net magnetization, but also allows us to manipulate these effects by electrical means. Furthermore, nodal-point and nodal-line semimetallic states in ferromagnets may provide the strongly enhanced Berry curvature near the Fermi energy, leading to large responses beyond the conventional magnetization scaling. These significant properties and functions of the topological magnets lay the foundation for future technological development such as spintronics and thermoelectric technology.

The elementary optical excitations of a two-dimensional electron or hole system have been identified as exciton-Fermi-polarons. Nevertheless, the connection between the bound state of an exciton and an electron, termed trion, and exciton–polarons is subject of ongoing debate. Here, we use an analogy to the Tavis–Cummings model of quantum optics to show that an exciton–polaron can be understood as a hybrid quasiparticle—a coherent superposition of a bare exciton in an unperturbed Fermi sea and a bright collective excitation of many trions. The analogy is valid to the extent that the Chevy Ansatz provides a good description of dynamical screening of excitons and provided the Fermi energy is much smaller than the trion binding energy. We anticipate our results to bring new insight that could help to explain the striking differences between absorption and emission spectra of two-dimensional semiconductors, Comptes Rendus. Physique, 22 (S4), ISSN:1631-0705, ISSN:1878-1535