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In recent decades, a large body of literature has dealt with universities’ contributions to regional development. Maintaining their traditional roles in research and teaching, universities have seemingly broadened the scope of interaction with their respective environments, for example by supporting the industry through diverse technology-transfer mechanisms. Nowadays, some universities display even greater regional involvement by governing the local interplay among industry, the public sector, and academia in joint innovation endeavors. While established conceptual models view universities as less proactive contributors, recent studies consider universities as the main orchestrators—the so-called keystones—of nascent regional innovation ecosystems. This novel framework encompasses universities’ pursuits within regions more comprehensively, but also challenges the prevailing notion that innovation ecosystems form around keystone firms. In this paper, we review the extant literature to compare keystone universities and firms, and the outcomes of their respective orchestration activities. We find that keystone universities are described as more considerate of regional needs, less driven by their economic interests, and more committed to knowledge dissemination compared to their firm counterparts. The outlined differences imply good reasons why universities should be considered keystones of nascent innovation ecosystems from the perspective of universities, but especially from the perspective of regional policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective physical activity (PA) interventions are needed to counter the insufficient and declining levels of PA in youth. These require an updated, comprehensive planning framework that consolidates recent decades of progress in promoting PA in young children, children, and adolescents. Effective PA interventions require program planning and conceptual model development that target a coordinated and multilevel set of age-specific PA determinants. Accordingly, this paper presents a comprehensive planning framework that researchers can use to design intervention research to promote PA in youth. Methods: The first author conducted targeted searches through Google Scholar to compile PA models/frameworks/guides applicable to youth, a comprehensive set of PA determinants, and determinant-linked strategies to promote PA focusing on review articles. The information was summarized in tables, synthesized, and used to create a planning framework, all of which were reviewed by coauthors. Results: The APPLE Framework for Planning PA Opportunities for Youth (APPLE = Age, PA focus, Place and time, Leverage relevant influences and strategies, and ensure Enjoyable PA opportunities) incorporated all core elements from targeted reviews to create a comprehensive planning framework. The APPLE Planning Framework has a set of questions/prompts that guide the intervention planning process and conceptual model templates to organize planning efforts for designing intervention research. Conclusions: The APPLE Framework for Planning PA Opportunities for Youth will enable researchers to develop comprehensive conceptual models to guide the design of PA interventions for youth. Future research should refine the model and its components to enable PA intervention research in youth to move forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is seen as one of the key areas of sustainability for sport organizations. Although the rapid development of professional sport is evidenced, the evaluation and classification of CSR is still an under-researched area, especially in the eastern context. This study proposes a conceptual CSR model of the Chinese Super League (CSL) clubs, including five dimensions: economic, youth, community, environmental, and cultural responsibility. The establishment of the conceptual model is based on sound theoretical foundations, such as sustainable development, positive youth development, a sense of community, and globalization theories. Each dimension's validity is assessed while considering the uniqueness of Chinese Super League. This study provides theoretical evidence to support the multidimensional nature of CSR, which adds value to CSR research in the Chinese professional sport context. At a strategic level, it enlightens club managers and the Chinese Football Association to develop better CSR strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I present a sociological approach to the problem of meaningful work that dwells on its broad social and cultural sources, as opposed to the focus on subjective and organizational factors currently prevailing in the field. Specifically, I consider two sociological perspectives, those of community and autonomy, as important conceptual tools for understanding the ambivalent character of modern culture in providing individuals with a sense of meaningfulness of their activities. I also review some of the existing research on meaningful work and interpret it through this conceptual distinction, both to show the latter's relevance for the field and to identify the gaps it might help fill. As a result, based on the sociological perspectives, I propose a general conceptual model and discuss five directions to further advance the theoretical comprehension of meaningful work, and I suggest some implications of these perspectives for normative business ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, the marketing literature has seen the emergence of research dedicated to consumers with disabilities (CWD). This work is mostly based on the social model of disability, which encourages practitioners to eradicate the physical and architectural barriers faced by individuals. However, in the field of disability studies, the social model is increasingly criticised both for being too radical and for neglecting the subjective experience of disability. In this paper, we attempt to illuminate existing views, while advocating new perspectives, for conceptualising and representing disability in consumer research. With this in mind, we first briefly present the major conceptual foundations and models of disability research. Then, we systematically review marketing literature on CWD to examine the perspectives used when studying this phenomenon. Finally, we propose a research agenda aimed at advancing the understanding of consumption and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Style—or the aesthetic dimensions of public presentation—is a dominant mode of symbolic expression. However, no one has explored how style functions as a coherent and generalizable symbol system influencing public conversations about athletic recruitment. The purpose of this essay is to fill this gap by developing a critical framework for theorizing the rhetoric of style in athletic recruitment discourse and significantly, how this is done through social media. We analyze sports journalism, recruiting websites, and the public messaging of athletic departments and athletes on social media according to five structural components: stylistic homologies, aesthetic rationales, primacy of text, imaginary communities, and market contexts. Our analysis offers practical lessons for athletes, journalists, and college athletic departments, but we also highlight several conceptual, methodological, and theoretical implications for scholars of communication and sport and social media interested in better understanding social influence in a dynamic and hyper-competitive context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of community-based tourism, this study investigates the determinants of tourist loyalty to homestays, with a focus on sustainable rural tourism development in China. Using the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework, we propose a conceptual model to examine how connected experiences influence tourist emotions and, in turn, their loyalty. Data were gathered through onsite surveys of tourists, and structural equation modeling was applied to assess the relationships between key variables. The analysis reveals that tourists' emotions mediate the effect of connected experiences on loyalty, while the unique local characteristics of homestays significantly moderate the link between emotions and loyalty. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance the sustainability of rural tourism through strategic management of community-based homestays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patterns of change in self-regulation from the ages of 2.5 to 12 years were modeled using repeated measures of self-regulation for a sample of 399 African American (n = 180, 45%) and Latinx (n = 219, 55%) children from families experiencing low income. Measures included both direct assessment and parent report. Results confirmed four components of self-regulation: working memory, inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, and set shifting. Furthermore, these components of self-regulation were more differentiated at younger ages but grew increasingly integrated as children developed. During early childhood, Latinx children displayed greater levels of working memory and higher levels of inhibitory control, and African American children displayed greater complex response inhibition and set shifting, but these ethnic differences reversed by early elementary school. By late middle childhood, ethnic differences in self-regulation had virtually disappeared altogether. Few differences by child gender or family poverty status were identified. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the modeling of self-regulation over extended periods of development including (a) utilizing measures that overlap time points, (b) standardizing the measurement scales, and (c) utilizing a flexible latent variable model. Public Significance Statement: Self-regulation skills are important for children's success academically and socially from early childhood through adolescence. By demonstrating methods for longitudinal studies, this article will assist researchers to address questions regarding how early development influences later development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances a conceptual model about the causes and processes that cause Dark Triad personalities' success and/or failure. The model a explains how and why those with Dark Triad personalities sometimes succeed and sometimes fail in achieving their personal goals in their organization. The model posits that those with Dark Triad personalities with higher levels of perceived success and high overconfidence, high perceived power, and a high level of risk-taking intention will be more inclined to ignore signals from their environment regarding the appropriate timing and circumstances to act – a vital characteristic for successful predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital adjustment is an important predictor of coping with stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A randomized controlled trial conducted on 60 parents of children with ASD showed that integrative SFT and double ABCX therapy, conducted over ten sessions of multiple family therapy in group counseling for five weeks and a one-month follow-up at special needs children's centers in Jordan, resulted in a 48% increase in marital adjustment and a 34% reduction in parenting stress. These therapies significantly improved the well-being of parents of children with autism, while the control group did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in Seligman's tripartite model of agency, the authors developed the 10-item Agency Scale. Using data from three waves (1994–1996, 2004–2006, 2013–2014) of the MIDUS national longitudinal study, results from midlife adults (N = 2,717) supported a three-factor structure, corresponding to self-efficacy, future-minded planning (as a measure of optimism), and imagination. Evidence for measurement invariance, construct validity, and reliability was provided. The three subscales of the Agency Scale uniquely and positively predicted effort, persistence, generativity (as an indicator of innovation), and perceived progress. Supporting Seligman's hypothesis, sequential mediation analyses revealed that effort, persistence, and generativity significantly mediated the self-efficacy-perceived progress, future-minded planning-perceived progress, and imagination-perceived progress relations, respectively. Significant mean differences across three timepoints indicated an overall declining trend in scores of agency (including self-efficacy, future-minded planning, and imagination) and perceived progress. Collectively, these findings provide support for Seligman's tripartite model of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model, ProvKOS, for tracking the provenance of change activities in a knowledge organization system (KOS). By extending current provenance practices, this model represents dynamic changes in a KOS more effectively. Design/methodology/approach: We take a five-step approach to develop the conceptual model, including content analysis of KOS editorial data, environmental scan of existing provenance models, development of persona-specific provenance questions and a participatory design with stakeholders to ensure the model's utility. Findings: We introduce (1) a taxonomy of editorial activities for a KOS; (2) a conceptual model ProvKOS, which extends existing models PROV and Simple Knowledge Organization Systems (SKOS). We also provide detailed data dictionaries for the entities, activities and warrants classes proposed in the model. A use case on "gender dysphoria" in Dewey Decimal Classifications (DDCs) is provided to illustrate the implementation of ProvKOS. This shows ProvKOS's ability to capture KOS changes effectively and to link external resources relating to the changes. Research limitations/implications: Further validation may be needed to implement the ProvKOS model across various types of KOSs. Practical implications: ProvKOS can help improve machine readability, querying and analysis of a KOS. Especially within the linked data environment, the enhanced provenance documentation through ProvKOS can enable a network of KOSs, which will then inform better linked data or knowledge graph designs. Social implications: By facilitating better tracking of changes within a KOS and across KOSs, ProvKOS can enhance the accessibility and usability of knowledge bases across different cultural and social contexts, thus better supporting inclusive information practices. Originality/value: The proposed model is novel in two ways: one, its ability to represent dynamic change activities in a KOS, which has not been discussed anywhere else; two, it supports the interconnectivity across KOSs by providing a "warrant" class to substantiate the context of changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

America has experienced a rapid increase in loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. This increase is particularly deleterious for Veterans, who, as compared to nonmilitary-connected civilians, experience elevated rates of loneliness, substance use, and suicidality. In this project we investigated the link between loneliness, substance use, and suicidality, paying particular attention to the mediational role of loneliness between substance use and suicidality. 1,469 Veterans (male, n = 1004, 67.2%; female, n = 457, 32.3%; transgender/non-binary/prefer not to say, n = 8, 0.5%) answered online surveys in the Mental Health and Well-Being Project. Items assessed participants on psychosocial antecedents of health and wellness. Pearson correlations and mediational models were used to determine if loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were related and if loneliness mediated the link between substance use and suicidality. Results indicated that loneliness, substance use, and suicidality were significantly and positively related (rs =.33–.42, ps <.01). Additionally, loneliness partially mediated the link between substance use and suicidality (β =.08 [.06–.10]), suggesting that, within the context of substance use in Veterans, loneliness may account for significant variance in suicidality. Together findings suggest the Veterans Health Administration should support, fund, and study community engagement activities that could reduce the development or intensity of substance use, loneliness, and suicidality in Veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes with very similar waveforms have been recognized as repeating earthquakes, or repeaters, which are interpreted as repeated ruptures of an isolated, frictionally locked asperity patch that are caused by stress loading due to aseismic slip in the surrounding stable regime of the fault. Ideally, the repeated ruptures of the same asperity result in the same source dimension and stress drop. However, significant variations in the stress drop have been observed during fluid-injection experiments even for a single repeater sequence. This study focuses repeater sequences in three different tectonic regimes beneath the Japanese Islands and investigates variations in the source dimension and stress drop in the same repeater sequences. The obtained results show that the variation in the source radius is mostly within 20–30 per cent in individual repeater sequences but the stress drop is largely variable by one order of magnitude or more. We propose a fluid-invasion hypothesis to explain our observations. When pore-fluid pressures gradually invade into an asperity, the edge of the asperity tends to behave as aseismic because of the reduction of the effective normal stress to values below the critical value of effective normal stress, which makes the source radius somewhat smaller. Simultaneously, the amount of the fluid invasion into the asperity fluctuates the shear strength of the asperity, with the stress drop being smaller for higher pore-fluid pressures. The reduced source radius and stress drop expected from the fluid-invasion hypothesis can explain positive correlations between the source radius and seismic moment. We propose a conceptual model for earthquake generation by involving the triggering of aseismic slip by the enhancement of pore-fluid pressures and subsequent rupture of asperity by the stress loading due to the aseismic slip, which can be potentially applied to the genesis of repeaters and non-repeaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon the evidence supporting the interpersonal benefits of trait mindfulness, efforts to understand mindfulness in the context of intimate relationships (i.e., relationship mindfulness) have been made to better predict relationship outcomes. To further understand the relationship benefits of mindfulness, it is crucial to take a closer look at for whom and under what conditions trait mindfulness translates into relationship mindfulness. In this study, we examined the moderating effects of one's own and their partner's mental well-being on the positive link between trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness. Specifically, we expected this link to be weaker for those who themselves or their partners reported worse mental well-being as poor mental well-being may pull couples inward, away from showing up mindfully in relationships. A sample of 115 different-sex married couples completed an online questionnaire that included measures of trait mindfulness, relationship mindfulness, and markers of mental well-being (i.e., depression, anxiety, loneliness). A series of actor-partner interdependence moderation models showed that, consistent with our hypotheses, the link between husbands' trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness was weaker if husbands or their wives reported higher depression or anxiety. Therefore, couples may benefit more if mindfulness-based couple interventions directly target how partners can use mindfulness skills to stay connected even when facing mental health challenges. This study also further highlights the importance of considering various relational contexts for mindfulness research and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many clients cope with the consequences of transformative life experience (TLE) in psychotherapy. TLE often involves a radical, profound reorganization of or change in one's life because of resulting formative, life-changing choices. Yet the essence of the mechanism people use to process and make sense of a TLE is unclear. This study is a phenomenological exploration of such experiences that aims to offer a heuristic theoretical view of how such change is constructed and played out. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 120 adults who had coped with the consequences of a TLE. Data analysis was guided by a hermeneutic phenomenology paradigm that postulates that people account for their experience within the four existentials of temporality, spatiality, corporality (embodiment), and relationality. Those lifeworld existentials were utilized as a framework and lens through which to organize the data. This procedure was followed by a hermeneutical interpretation to identify common features of lived experience along all four domains of analysis with the purpose of constructing a conceptual model that illustrates the essence of change during TLE. Implications are considered for utilizing theoretical and applied insights from the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the predictors of bystanders' intentions to intervene and types of intended intervention in domestic violence (DV) and sexual violence (SV) situations in South Korea. Using nationally representative data from the 2016 National Fact-Finding Survey on Gender Equality (N = 7,399) and logistic regression-based models, this study focused on two key predictors, bystander gender and attitudes about gender equality, while controlling for age, educational level, and employment status. Our findings indicated that males and females were equally likely to state intentions to intervene in both DV and SV situations. While both males and females were more likely to state that they would intervene indirectly rather than directly, females were even less likely to intervene directly than were males for both situations. Attitudes indicative of gender equality further increased the intention to intervene for DV and SV situations in multivariate models. Gender equality attitudes, however, decreased the intentions to intervene directly in DV but not SV situations. Limitations and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to characterize the network structure of grief-related functional impairment symptoms as measured by The Grief Impairment Scale (GIS) in 520 Peruvian individuals who have experienced the death of a family member or loved one. A psychological network model was applied to evaluate the estimation, stability, and accuracy of the network during the analysis sequence. The results indicated that the inability to perform activities at work, school, or home was the most central symptom in the entire network. However, the presence of high instability in the centrality indices indicates that the central node may differ in other cultural contexts. The networks were invariant according to sex. The most influential node in the women's group was their inability to perform activities at work, school, or home. In men, the most central node was the presence of health problems due to bereavement. The results would help to better understand functional impairment due to bereavement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional datasets is a crucial task for which visual analytics can be especially useful. However, the ad hoc nature of exploratory analysis can also lead users to draw incorrect causal inferences. Previous studies have demonstrated this risk and shown that integrating counterfactual concepts within visual analytics systems can improve users' understanding of visualized data. However, effectively leveraging counterfactual concepts can be challenging, with only bespoke implementations found in prior work. Moreover, it can require expertise in both counterfactual subset analysis and visualization to implement the functionalities practically. This paper aims to help address these challenges in two ways. First, we propose an operator-based conceptual model for the use of counterfactuals that is informed by prior work in visualization research. Second, we contribute the Co-op library, an open and extensible reference implementation of this model that can support the integration of counterfactual-based subset computation with visualization systems. To evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of Co-op, the library was used to construct two different visual analytics systems each supporting a distinct user workflow. In addition, expert interviews were conducted with professional visual analytics researchers and engineers to gain more insights regarding how Co-op could be leveraged. Finally, informed in part by these evaluation results, we distil a set of key design implications for effectively leveraging counterfactuals in future visualization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research revealed that meaning in life is related positively to psychological engagement with art (i.e., aesthetic engagement), such as interest in art, knowledge about art, awe around art, and supernatural attributions for art experiences. We extended this work by considering the relevance of dispositions toward aesthetics (i.e., aesthetic dispositions), such as openness to experience, creativity in general and in art, and religious belief salience. Specifically, we proposed a conceptual model relating aesthetic dispositions, aesthetic engagement, and meaning in life. We tested hypotheses derived from the model with an online sample of N = 696 artists. Correlational results supported our hypotheses and replicated previous findings. Path analytic results showed that interest in art mediated associations between aesthetic dispositions and meaning in life. The results contribute to empirical work on aesthetic cognitivism, the philosophical stance that art can lead to understanding, by shedding light on factors associated with meaningful interactions with art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors that lead to the failure of some rewards to induce knowledge sharing behavior among employees, with much focus on employees' attitudes and leadership's knowledge of employees' preferences, and presents a model that depicts the linkages. Design/methodology/approach: To investigate why the provision of some rewards fails to induce knowledge sharing behavior among employees, this study uses the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses framework to identify and analyze 56 articles published from 2000 to 2021. Findings: Knowledge sharing is positively linked to organizational performance. Further, employees' negative attitudes toward a reward system negatively relate to knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, management's lack of knowledge of employees' preferences regarding rewards leads to the provision of incorrect rewards that do not enhance knowledge sharing behavior. Finally, a conceptual model depicting the linkages among the variables under consideration has been presented. Research limitations/implications: Through the present study, employees' attitudes toward rewards and leadership's knowledge of employees' preferences have been presented as critical factors that can lead to the failure of some rewards to induce knowledge sharing behavior. Further, the conceptual framework that can guide managers and leaders in strategizing on how best to develop and implement correct reward systems has been presented. Originality/value: The present study is a significant contribution to the literature by focusing on the negative side of rewards toward knowledge sharing behavior with a focus on employees' attitudes and leadership's awareness of employees' preferences regarding rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate how commercial influencers retain their followers and successfully persuade them to consider purchasing newly recommended products and services within the food industry. We explored the impact of followers' purchase satisfaction upon their repurchase intention for newly promoted food products and services, directly and by the mediating roles of followers' affective commitment and loyalty toward commercial food influencers. Design/methodology/approach: Our conceptual model design was supported by the tricomponent attitude model, which helps explain followers' emotional attachment to the influencers. We validated the proposed model using a sample of 200 followers of renowned commercial food influencers in Iran. We used partial least squares structural equation modeling for data analysis, with the assistance of Warp PLS (version 8.0) software. Findings: We found that followers' purchase satisfaction exerts a positive influence upon their repurchase intention, both directly and through the mediating roles of affective commitment and loyalty toward commercial food influencers. Practical implications: This study elucidates the role of followers' satisfaction with their previous purchases in influencing their intention to buy newly recommended products. There is a multiplicity of important implications for restauranteur's business models, as this marketing approach rewards a digital equivalent of a strong customer relationship and an honest, high-quality product. Our results also suggest that food influencers can operate effectively in the affiliate marketing sphere by operating and sustaining enduring relationships. Originality/value: This work addresses how the influencer–follower relationship, followers' purchase satisfaction and emotional attachment toward influencers, shape both follower retention and future repurchase intentions. This is from the perspective of the tricomponent attitude model within the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing importance of digital transformation, on the one hand, and the recognized importance of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) on the other, we find that these are two fragmented fields in the literature and that they lack a systematization of the literature. Our research aims to develop a systematic literature review, in which we will study the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and digital transformation, at the micro, meso and macro levels. For this, we used the Web of Science to collect our database, and we analysed 73 articles that were included in our study for their purpose. In our analysis, we were able to identify the characteristics of the environments of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the actions of digital technology approaches to digital transformation and the necessary skills in the scenario of entrepreneurship. Thus, we proposed a conceptual model with the presentation of the relationship between entrepreneurial ecosystems and digital transformation, which may be useful in future studies. The greatest contribution of our investigation is the offer of this systematization to this field of study, allowing us to see the different paths of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) is an essential concept in entrepreneurship research. Many scholars have shown CE theoretical and empirical implications for firms' survival, development, and growth. We use a systematic literature review approach to analyse and discuss 214 articles published in top-tier journals from 1985 to 2023. This review proposes a conceptual model and highlights that little attention has been given to discussing the role of context in the corporate entrepreneurial process. Thus, we propose a research agenda for contextualizing corporate entrepreneurship concerning business, social, spatial, institutional, organizational, and ownership contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, increasing the use of AI in healthcare is critical, but few studies have explored the extent to which physicians cooperate with AI in their work to achieve productive and innovative performance, which is a key issue in operations management (OM). We conducted empirical research to answer this question. Design/methodology/approach: We developed a conceptual model based on the ambidextrous perspective. To test our model, we collected data from 200 Chinese hospitals. One senior and one junior physician from each hospital participated in this research so that we could get a more comprehensive view. Based on the sample of 400 participants and the conceptual model, we examined whether different types of AI use have distinct impacts on physicians' productivity and innovation by conducting hierarchical regression and post hoc tests. We also introduced team psychological safety climate (TPSC) and AI technology uncertainty (AITU) as moderators to investigate this topic in further detail. Findings: We found that augmentation AI use is positively related to overall productivity and innovative job performance, while automation AI use is negatively related to these two outcomes. Furthermore, we focused on the impacts of the ambidextrous use of AI on these two outcomes. The results highlight the positive impacts of complementary use on both outcomes and the negative impact of balance on innovative job performance. TPSC enhances the positive impacts of complementary use on productivity, whereas AITU inhibits the negative impacts of automation and balanced use on innovative job performance. Originality/value: In the age of AI, organizations face greater trade-offs between performance and technology management. This study contributes to the OM literature from the perspectives of operational performance and technology management in three ways. First, it distinguishes among different AI implementations and their diverse impacts on productivity and innovative performance. Second, it identifies the different conditions under which automation AI use and augmentation are superior. Third, it extends the ambidextrous perspective by becoming an early adopter of this approach to explore the implications of different types of AI use in light of contingency factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake ruptures produce fault slip and kilometer‐wide diffuse deformation of the host rocks. However, the origin of the diffuse deformation and its role in the rupture process are debated. We produce a refined slip model for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes, and analyze the relations between down‐dip rupture process, and surface diffuse deformation. We show that the decrease in coseismic slip toward the ground surface, also known as shallow slip deficit (SSD), correlates with the occurrence of diffuse deformation at the surface, which is not accounted for by models assuming elastic host rocks. Hence, we suggest that a significant part of the SSD in earthquake source models could be interpreted as a proxy for shallow diffuse inelastic deformation around faults. Revisiting earthquake source models for 28 continental earthquakes, we discuss the controlling parameters of the SSD and diffuse deformation, and propose a conceptual model of the near‐field coseismic surface deformation. Plain Language Summary: Earthquakes can rupture up to the ground surface, generating displacements along faults and fractures that are visible in the field. This surface deformation can also be accompanied by diffuse deformation that occurs at a wider, >0.5 km, scale around the faults, and is imperceptible from a field perspective. Here, we use numerical modeling combined with detailed surface observations for the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes to show that reduction in fault slip near the surface correlates with the occurrence diffuse deformation at the surface. Therefore, the reduction in shallow slip suggested in earthquake rupture models could be interpreted as a proxy for non‐elastic diffuse deformation around the faults. Compiling data for worldwide earthquake ruptures, we show that this process occurs similarly for other events, and we analyze the controlling parameters. Key Points: Refined slip model for the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence from the inversion of InSAR, optical, and GNSS dataShallow slip deficit is partially accounted for by diffuse deformation which likely involves bulk elastoplastic yieldingA compilation of published data on strike‐slip earthquakes highlights possible controlling parameters of the SSD and diffuse deformation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the relationships and importance among the constructs of hydrogen energy (HE) public awareness. For this, a conceptual model incorporating the constructs as general hydrogen, legal regulation, environmental, economic, and meet to energy demand awareness was proposed. A PLS-SEM methodology was employed to analyze the hypotheses based on these relationships by collecting data from individuals. The results indicated that all hypotheses were supported and significant positive relationships were found among the constructs of HE awareness. General HE awareness (GHE) was found as an initial step and the most crucial construct in the awareness of meeting the energy demand although the importance of constructs was close to each other. The effect of GHE on Legal Regulation and Environmental Awareness are more higher while the influence of Legal Regulation on Economical Awareness is lowest. Otherhand, Economical Awareness was the least important according to IPMA analysis. Figure: The conceptual model consists of all hypotheses. [Display omitted] • The prior study on exploring the relationships among constructs of HE awareness. • General hydrogen awareness (GHE) was the most important construct. • The effect of GHE on Legal Regulation and Environmental Awareness are higher. • The effect of Legal Regulation on Economical Awareness is lowest. • Economical Awareness was the least important one according to IPMA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart control of energy interactions plays a key role in manipulating upconversion dynamics and tuning emission colors for lanthanide-doped materials. However, quantifying the energy flux in particular energy migration in the representative sensitizer-activator coupled upconversion system has remained a challenge. Here we report a conceptual model to examine the energy flux in a single nanoparticle by designing an interfacial energy transfer mediated nanostructure. We show that energy migration indeed occurs simultaneously with energy transfer in a sensitizer-activator system and the competition between them can be quantified by proposing a characteristic ratio parameter. Moreover, this model is also able to realize the color-switchable photochromic upconversion by temporal control of up-transition processes. These findings offer a deep insight into the understanding of upconversion dynamics and provide a versatile approach to manipulating the energy flux in nanostructures with tunable emission colors, showing great promise in applications of logic operation and information security. Upconversion nanoparticles can produce emission via sensitizer-activator energy transfer or by energy migration along the interlayer sublattice. Here, the authors quantify their competition and use it to realize color tunability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSpatial time series (STS), which refers to time-series data collected at fixed spatial locations, is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of geographical phenomena. Measuring the spatial association based on STS similarity provides valuable insights into the exploratory analysis of spatiotemporal data. However, existing methods are not effective in accurately quantifying such spatial association. To address this gap, this study proposes a conceptual model and a statistical method for identifying spatial clusters that exhibit significantly similar time-varying characteristics within a set of STS data. Conceptually, three representative patterns are defined: positive, negative, and no associations. A positive pattern occurs when spatially adjacent STSs show similar time-varying characteristics, while a negative pattern occurs when they show dissimilar ones. Technically, this study introduces a distance metric to measure similarities among STSs. The spatial association of STS at global and local scales is quantified according to the spatial concentration of these similarities. The validity and applicability of the proposed statistics are verified through synthetic and real-world examples, demonstrating their potential as effective tools for understanding spatiotemporal dynamics from a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of factors that precede and follow very rich system usage within the specific use context of a contemporary IS. Based on in-depth review of literature and analysis of prior studies, we propose a conceptual research model that links comprehensiveness of usage, very rich system usage, use behaviour, and continuance usage moderated by habit. We empirically evaluate the research model using longitudinal data collected over two periods from users of video conferencing applications. The study findings suggest that very rich system usage is pivotal to explain IS continuance usage, but that the comprehensiveness of usage and very rich usage is context specific and tied to the technological functionalities of the information systems in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), an exopolysaccharide composed of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG), is an essential component in many pathogenic biofilms. Partial deacetylation of PNAG is required for biofilm formation, but limited structural knowledge hinders therapeutic development. Employing a new monoclonal antibody (TG10) that selectively binds highly deacetylated PNAG and an antibody (F598) in clinical trials that binds highly acetylated PNAG, we demonstrate that PIA within the biofilm contains distinct regions of highly acetylated and deacetylated exopolysaccharide, contrary to the previous model invoking stochastic deacetylation throughout the biofilm. This discovery led us to hypothesize that targeting both forms of PNAG would enhance efficacy. Remarkably, TG10 and F598 synergistically increased in vitro and in vivo activity, providing 90% survival in a lethal Staphylococcus aureus challenge murine model. Our advanced model deepens the conceptual understanding of PIA architecture and maturation and reveals improved design strategies for PIA-targeting therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostic agents. [Display omitted] • Antibodies TG10 and F598 bind differentially acetylated forms of PIA/PNAG • S. epidermidis biofilms contain distinct regions of acetylated and deacetylated PNAG • Combined targeting of acetylated and deacetylated PNAG enhances in vivo efficacy • The results deepen our conceptual understanding of PIA architecture and maturation Biofilm-forming microorganisms pose a significant threat to human health, and new strategies to combat them are urgently needed. Unfortunately, a lack of information about the composition, development, and structure of biofilms has hindered new therapy development. A key component of many pathogenic biofilms is the exopolysaccharide "polysaccharide intercellular adhesin" (PIA). PIA is biosynthesized as a polymer of poly-β-1-6- N -acetylglucosamine (PNAG); however, partial enzymatic N -deacetylation is required for biofilm formation. While deacetylation is critical, the extent and location of deacetylation is not well understood in part due to a lack of suitable research tools. In particular, it is not known whether deacetylation occurs randomly throughout a polysaccharide chain, on localized regions of a chain, or on different chains altogether. This information is crucial for developing monoclonal antibody therapies and designing anti-PIA vaccines. With the aid of a new monoclonal antibody (TG10) that binds selectively to highly deacetylated PNAG and a series of confocal microscopy experiments, we demonstrate that Staphylococcus biofilms contain distinct regions of high and low N -acetylation, rather than polysaccharides with intermittent deacetylation throughout the biofilm. This new discovery about biofilm architecture led us to hypothesize that simultaneously targeting both highly acetylated and deacetylated exopolysaccharide would improve therapeutic effectiveness by more fully coating biofilms. To investigate this hypothesis, we evaluated efficacy of TG10 in combination with F598, an antibody in phase II clinical trials, for prevention of hospital acquired infections that preferentially binds highly acetylated PNAG. These two antibodies synergized to provide 90% survival in a lethal S. aureus challenge murine model. Overall, we report new tools and approaches for studying biofilms, a new conceptual model of biofilm architecture, and an improved clinical strategy for preventing them. Temme et al. introduce an anti-PIA mAb TG10, revealing distinct acetylated and deacetylated PIA regions within biofilms. Targeting both improves in vitro and in vivo activity. TG10 establishes a new PIA maturation model and provides better strategies for PIA-targeting therapeutics and diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the most commonly used standard messaging protocols that enable the Internet of Things (IoT). The messaging standard specification document defines the transactions, attributes, conventions, timers, values, types, structures, etc. MQTT encounters wide implementation possibilities: hardware vendors need to implement MQTT drivers for their devices, software vendors need to implement it in their solutions, developers and researchers need an MQTT simulation framework, etc. The IoT technology can enable unlimited number of use cases, and each case has its implementation of the messaging protocol. From the above facts, on the basis that any user needs to have a deep understanding of the specification in order to implement the protocol and also developers need to study it well for improving the protocol, there is a need for a standard conceptual way that conveys the messaging standard specifications, integrates the specifications of the use cases built upon with a more abstracted mental representation, improves the communication between developers, and facilitates the protocols and applications developments. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a graphical conceptual modeling approach for MQTT-based IoT applications called Example-oriented System Conceptual Modeling for MQTT use cases (EoSCM-MQTT). The paper explains the EoSCM-MQTT and gives an example of its use in an MQTT simulation implementation for a specific IoT application: smart parking. EoSCM-MQTT was validated using three methods: comparison, analysis, and implementation. The details and results of the implementation and the conclusions from the comparison and analysis indicated that EoSCM-MQTT has the required characteristics of conceptual models: good syntactic semantic, and pragmatic quality, clarity, coherence, accuracy, flexibility, reliability, and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern service sector, cyberloafing engaging in non-work-related internet activities during work hours has become increasingly prevalent. Although traditional research has often highlighted its negative impact, emerging studies have suggested potential benefits. This study explored the dual nature of cyberloafing, particularly its influence on employee creativity and well-being, with creativity as the mediating factor. Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we developed a conceptual framework to investigate these relationships. A cross-sectional survey of 379 employees across four service industries in Nigeria was conducted, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.1. Comparative analysis of the original and alternative models revealed that specific cyberloafing behaviors are positively associated with enhanced creativity, which in turn contributes to improved employee well-being. However, the alternative model suggests that well-being may lead to increased creativity with the potential to result in cyberloafing. This highlights the need for balanced organizational policies. These findings challenge the traditional view of cyberloafing, as they suggest that, under certain conditions, it may foster innovation and improve morale. This study provides significant theoretical insights and practical implications, advocating a nuanced approach to cyberloafing within organizational policies and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is a typical dual-porosity structural material. The injection of CO2 into coal seams has been shown to be an effective method for storing greenhouse gasses and extracting coal bed methane. In light of the theory of dual-porosity media, we investigate the impact of non-homogeneity on seepage anisotropy and examine the influence of CO2 gas injection on the anisotropy of coal and the permeability of fractures. The results demonstrate that under constant pressure conditions, coal rock has the greatest permeability variation in the direction of face cleats and the smallest changes in the direction of vertical bedding. The more pronounced the heterogeneity, the more evident the change in permeability and the less pronounced the decreasing stage of permeability. Additionally, the larger the diffusion coefficient is, the less pronounced the permeability change. The change in permeability is inversely proportional to the size of the adsorption constant and directly proportional to the size of the fracture. As the matrix block size increases, the permeability also increases, whereas the decrease in permeability becomes less pronounced. The findings of this study offer a theoretical basis for further research into methods for enhancing the CO2 sequestration rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a century, observations of cloudbursts have contributed to understanding physical processes producing "the sudden heavy fall of rain" – the American Meteorological Society definition of a cloudburst. Keen observers of cloudbursts include pioneers in the hydrological sciences, notably Robert Horton, G.K. Gilbert, Luna Leopold and John Hack. Horton transformed early 20th century understanding of cloudbursts into a conceptual model of thunderstorms that provided the foundation for his conclusion that "there is a natural limitation to rain intensity for any duration." The notion of bounds on rainfall and flood peaks has been ingrained in the philosophy of engineering design for high-hazard dams. The evolution of ideas linking cloudburst rainfall to the properties of short-duration rainfall extremes is examined in this paper through the lens of Robert Horton's cloudburst research, which provides useful insights to 21st century problems tied to cloudbursts and extreme, short-duration rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-sharing behavior constitutes one of the key elements for the success of online charitable crowdfunding (OCC) projects, but it has received relatively limited academic attention so far. From a relational perspective, this study proposed a conceptual model to better understand the relationship between consciousness of social face, two types of impression management motivations, OCC informationsharing behavior, and perceived relational value. An online survey was conducted among 1,166 Internet users in China (47.2% were male; 70.8% fell within the age group of 18-35 years old). The finding showed that consciousness of social face was positively associated with information-sharing behavior through the positive mediation of promotion-focused impression management motivation and the negative mediation of prevention-focused impression management motivation. Furthermore, informationsharing behavior was positively associated with perceived relational value. This study sheds light on the impact of social face consciousness on prosocial information-sharing behavior through impression management motivations and offers practical implications concerning how to promote individuals' OCC information sharing behavior on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the business streamlining (BS) model proposed in 2017. Design/methodology/approach: This study/paper develops and validates the qualitatively generated BS model, a conceptual model of service sourcing relationships, by testing it quantitatively. A survey was sent to chief exective officers, chief purchasing officers or facility managers in 764 private or public companies in Sweden with an annual turnover exceeding € 10m. The categories were tested and analyzed by means of factor analysis. Findings: The BS model for managing service sourcing processes was confirmed to be significant overall, meaning that it is applicable irrespective of service sourcing context. The efficiency pursuing (EP) was found to have an interlinking role that calls for a revision of the BS model. Furthermore, the four categories tended to load pairwise. Research limitations/implications: Although this cross-sectional study confirms the relevance of the BS model for managing service-sourcing processes, further studies should examine both the relative significance of its categories in different service-sourcing contexts and why the four main categories tend to pair. Practical implications: The results support that the model is flexible and adaptable to a wide range of service-sourcing circumstances. Irrespective of the relative complexity of facility management (FM) sourcing processes, the categories can be adapted to fit the service sourcing context. Thus, it can be used as a tool to analyze and facilitate strategic decision-making. Originality/value: The paper validates that the BS model can represent the dynamics of different service-sourcing processes, regardless of the complexity of the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to share our story of conceptualizing Indigenous early relational wellbeing (ERW), specifically reflecting American Indian and Alaska Native worldviews. Our approach is grounded in Indigenous methodologies and guided by a Community of Learning comprised of Indigenous and allied Tribal early childhood community partners, researchers, practitioners, and federal funders. We describe the steps we took to conceptualize caregiver–child relationships from an Indigenous perspective, center Indigenous values of child development, apply an established Indigenous connectedness framework to early childhood, and co‐create a conceptual model of Indigenous ERW to guide future practice and research. This model highlights relational practices as seeds of connectedness and relational wellbeing, and includes the roles of spirituality, culture, and ceremony in nurturing ERW; the manifestations of relational wellbeing across the lifespan; and the interdependence of relational wellbeing within communities and families, across generations, and with the environment. The model also informs the creation of a measure to understand practices that foster relational wellbeing among Indigenous children and families and their relationship to positive development, thus informing research, practice, and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tackles the puzzle of why immigrant voters would support a populist radical right party (PRRP). Exploring the case of Estonian residents in Finland, it draws on 13 in‐depth interviews conducted with Estonians who voted for the Finns Party in the 2021 Finnish local elections, and survey data. The article produces a conceptual model explaining how both homeland politics and integration to residence country contribute to PRRP support. Estonians' support for the Finns Party partly results from a political realignment in Estonia and the Estonian PRRP's campaign activities. The influence of homeland politics is also furthered by their lack of political integration in the residence country, and their experience of immigrant integration, which prompts them to identify as ‘the good immigrant’ as opposed to groups they consider less integrated and thus position as inferior to themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the research field of bilingual lexical representation and organization, much attention has been given to whether two languages share a conceptual system and what factors modulate the connection between this conceptual system and the lexical systems of a bilingual's L1 and L2. One of the most valid ways in the psycholinguistics domain to explore these doubts is to examine the masked translation priming effect and the priming asymmetry through cross-language priming experiments. In this study, a masked priming lexical decision task was conducted with unbalanced English-Chinese bilinguals to investigate whether the masked translation priming effect exists in both translation directions, and to further reveal how the number of translations, which can be categorized into one-translation pair and more-than-one-translation pair conditions, affects the priming effects and modulates translation priming asymmetry. It was demonstrated that both translation direction and the number of translations influence the priming effect. Specifically, the priming effect was observable from L1 to L2 but not from L2 to L1, and the priming for one-translation pairs was significantly greater when compared to that for more-than-one-translation pairs. Moreover, the impacts of translation direction on the priming effect differed between the one-translation pair and more-than-one-translation pair conditions: under the former condition, substantial priming occurred in both directions, whereas for the latter condition, it was observed only in the L1–L2 direction. Several models of the bilingual mental lexicon, mainly the Revised Hierarchical Model and the Distributed Conceptual Feature Model, were used to elucidate the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A complex systems perspective is gaining popularity in research on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour, though there may be a gap between its popularity and the way it is implemented. Building on our recent systematic scoping review, we aim to analyse the application of and reporting on complex systems methods in the literature on socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour. Methods: Selected methods and results from the review are presented as a basis for in-depth critical reflection. A traffic light-based instrument was used to assess the extent to which eight key concepts of a complex systems perspective (e.g. feedback loops) were applied. Study characteristics related to the applied value of the models were also extracted, including the model evidence base, the depiction of the model structure, and which characteristics of model relationships (e.g. polarity) were reported on. Results: Studies that applied more key concepts of a complex systems perspective were also more likely to report the direction and polarity of relationships. The system paradigm, its deepest held beliefs, is seldom identified but may be key to recognize when designing interventions. A clear, complete depiction of the full model structure is also needed to convey the functioning of a complex system. We recommend that authors include these characteristics and level of detail in their reporting. Conclusions: Above all, we call for the development of reporting guidelines to increase the transparency and applied value of complex systems models on socioeconomic inequalities in health, health behaviour and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) is gaining popularity in tourism by improving immersive experiences. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing perceptions and barriers is critical. This study examines visitors’ attitudes and decision making hesitation. The innovation decision process is a conceptual model for comprehending user decisions and analyzing AR features and visitor characteristics. The early majority of AR users completed 401 online questionnaires. The causal relationships were investigated using PLS-SEM and IPMA. PLS-SEM results discovered that visual appeal and environmental embedding influenced AR attitudes. This study found that low tourist memorability affected visitor resistance and AR attitudes. The dimensions of visitor perception show that novelty and enjoyment significantly influence AR attitudes. Additionally, we discovered that AR attitudes significantly affected hesitation to reuse AR, revisit and engage in EWOM. IPMA results indicate that the AR attitude is significantly effective and crucial in reducing tourism AR hesitation. Additionally, we present a novel framework that integrates the domains of policy, people and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of videoconferencing has brought significant convenience to people's lives. However, as videoconferencing usage has skyrocketed, it has unveiled a range of side effects, most notably videoconference fatigue (VF). In response, this paper employed the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) as a theoretical framework to conduct two comprehensive investigations, centering on the impact of verbal communication overload on users' information overload and VF. We conducted two studies to test our propositions and conceptual model. Study One focused on the educational context and comprised a survey with 489 students. In Study Two, we expanded our exploration to the professional use of videoconferencing in two populations: Singapore and Germany. A total of 610 responses were collected in Singapore, with the German sample constituting a total of 948 participants. Results from both studies consistently demonstrated a positive relationship between videoconference frequency and communication overload. Additionally, perceived communication overload was positively associated with information overload and VF. Based on the findings of the two studies, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications and suggest new directions for videoconferencing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ramp induced shock wave boundary layer interaction (RI-SWBLI) has been investigated experimentally at different ramp angles in a Ma = 3 flow. The shock unsteady nature has been examined in detail by using a semi-quantitative processing of Schlieren images. The shock-wave locations are extracted to allow spectral analysis of the shock-wave oscillations. Results show that the shock motion is associated with the state of separation, which has been categorized into three classifications based on semi-quantitative Schlieren measurements, namely, unseparated, initially separated, and fully separated. The statistical analysis of the shock oscillation illustrates that the probability distribution function and power spectral density (PSD) along two locations of a certain height follow almost the same principles in the time–frequency domain. The PSD results show that significant variations of shock motion of lower location occur at 30° ramp interaction flow according to the PSD, which is characterized by a lower energy, wide range, and uniformly distributed motion. The probability of the reattachment shock events first rises at 24° ramp interaction flow. With increase in ramp angle, the axial position at the peak of the probability of shock events slowly transfers to upstream positions. Moreover, a conceptual model of the shock motion is proposed to preliminarily reveal the unsteady nature of shock induced by a RI-SWBLI, including three scenarios: In nonseparating interaction flows, the shock motion is mainly affected by the upstream turbulent boundary layer and the shear layer on the ramp. During the initial separation process, the shock wave motion is mainly affected by the pulsations of separation bubble. With full separation, impact movement is primarily controlled by newly designed aerodynamic ramp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the issue of resilience of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) given the many indications that this dynamical system is in a multi-stable regime. A novel approach to resilience based on rare event techniques is presented, which leads to a measure capturing "resistance to change" and "ability to return" aspects in a probabilistic way. The application of this measure to a conceptual model demonstrates its suitability for assessing AMOC resilience but also shows its potential use in many other non-autonomous dynamical systems. This framework is then extended to compute the probability that the AMOC undergoes a transition conditioned on an external forcing. Such conditional probability can be estimated by exploiting the information available when computing the resilience of this system. This allows us to provide a probabilistic view on safe operating spaces by defining a conditional safe operating space as a subset of the parameter space of the (possibly transient) imposed forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study analyses the motivators and inhibitors of collective action tendency using the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). The study was conducted with a minority and state‐based repressed group known as the old settlers in Sikkim, India. The old settlers are a community that have been historically settled in Sikkim prior to the state's merger with India in 1975. They are racially and ethnically different from the majority population of northeasterners in Sikkim and face both institutional and interpersonal discrimination. A qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with 11 old settlers was taken to delineate SIMCA variables – moral conviction, identity, injustice and efficacy – within the context of northeast India. Collective action was motivated through moral conviction via principles of equality and unequal treatment and outsider status, identity via politicisation of identity, creation of social movement organisations, injustice via anger and fraternal resentment and efficacy via marches and legal recourses. Collective action was inhibited through moral conviction via denial of violation, identity via acculturation, injustice via fear and efficacy via learned helplessness. These findings indicate that in state‐based repressed groups, collective action tendencies must be understood from a context‐specific lens that attempts to understand both motivating and inhibitory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional nature of cognitive systems is outlined as a general conceptual model where typical notions of cognition are analyzed apart from the physical realization (biological or artificial) of such systems. The notion of function, one of the main logical bases of mathematics, logic, linguistics, physics, and computer science, is shown to be a unifying concept in analyzing cognition components: learning, meaning, comprehension, language, knowledge, and consciousness are related to increasing levels in the functional organization of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has suggested that the quality of gratitude exchanges varies, with some exchanges resulting in positive outcomes and others resulting in null and negative outcomes for intimates. However, a current conceptual model outlining the conditional nature of interpersonal gratitude exchanges is lacking within the literature. In this paper, we introduce the Dyadic Process Model of Interpersonal Gratitude, an updated conceptual model that delineates the boundary conditions of interpersonal gratitude exchanges. Using the model, we propose that the benefits associated with interpersonal gratitude expressions depend on the context in which gratitude operates, articulating the influence of communication factors and contextual factors on interpersonal gratitude exchange outcomes. Drawing from the Dyadic Process Model of Interpersonal Gratitude, we provide implications for future research and gratitude‐based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]