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Background: Effective physical activity (PA) interventions are needed to counter the insufficient and declining levels of PA in youth. These require an updated, comprehensive planning framework that consolidates recent decades of progress in promoting PA in young children, children, and adolescents. Effective PA interventions require program planning and conceptual model development that target a coordinated and multilevel set of age-specific PA determinants. Accordingly, this paper presents a comprehensive planning framework that researchers can use to design intervention research to promote PA in youth. Methods: The first author conducted targeted searches through Google Scholar to compile PA models/frameworks/guides applicable to youth, a comprehensive set of PA determinants, and determinant-linked strategies to promote PA focusing on review articles. The information was summarized in tables, synthesized, and used to create a planning framework, all of which were reviewed by coauthors. Results: The APPLE Framework for Planning PA Opportunities for Youth (APPLE = Age, PA focus, Place and time, Leverage relevant influences and strategies, and ensure Enjoyable PA opportunities) incorporated all core elements from targeted reviews to create a comprehensive planning framework. The APPLE Planning Framework has a set of questions/prompts that guide the intervention planning process and conceptual model templates to organize planning efforts for designing intervention research. Conclusions: The APPLE Framework for Planning PA Opportunities for Youth will enable researchers to develop comprehensive conceptual models to guide the design of PA interventions for youth. Future research should refine the model and its components to enable PA intervention research in youth to move forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Blockchain implementation in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chains (PSC) is lacking despite its strong potential to overcome conventional supply chain challenges. Thus, this study aims to provide critical insight into the nexus between Blockchain and PSC and further build a conceptual framework for implementation within the pharmaceutical industry. Following a systematic literature review and text mining approach, 65 interdisciplinary articles published between 2010 and 2021 were studied to capture the decade long developments. Descriptive and thematic analysis showcases nascent developments of Blockchain in PSC. The drivers and barriers to adoption, implementation stages, and applications identified through the thematic analysis guide in setting the agenda for future research, primarily focussing on the use of Blockchain for drug counterfeiting, recall issues, along with other sector-specific challenges such as patient privacy, regulations and clinical trials. Research on Blockchain for PSC has been slow compared to other sectors, but has accelerated since the Covid-19 pandemic. Identified influential factors, implementation process and apparent applications are expected to influence researchers and practitioners in developing a roadmap for adopting Blockchain in the pharmaceutical industry. The proposed conceptual framework is novel and provides valuable directions to producers, regulators and governments to implement Blockchain in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a powerful global trend toward deeper integration of digital twins into modern life driven by Industry 4.0 and 5.0. Defense, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing, and urban planning sectors have thoroughly incorporated digital twins to great benefit across their respective product lifecycles. Despite clear benefits, a digital twin framework for health and medical sectors is yet to emerge. This paper proposes a digital twin framework for precision neuromusculoskeletal health care. We build upon the International Standards Organization framework for digital twins for manufacturing by presenting best available computational models within a digital twin framework for clinical application. We map a use case for modeling Achilles tendon mechanobiology, highlighting how current modeling practices align with our proposed digital twin framework. Similarly, we map a use case for advanced neurorehabilitation technology, highlighting the role of a digital twin in control of systems where human and machine are interfaced. Future work must now focus on creating an informatic representation to govern how digital data are passed to, from, and within the digital twin, as well as specific standards to declare which measurement systems and modeling methods are acceptable to move toward widespread use of the digital twin framework for precision neuromusculoskeletal health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a debilitating pathology that arises from a variety of etiologies. Spinal fusion surgery is the mainstay of treatment for those who do not achieve symptom relief with conservative interventions. Fusion surgery can be complicated by a secondary deformity termed proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). RESEARCH QUESTION: This scoping review evaluates the modern body of literature analyzing risk factors for PJK development and organizes these factors according to a multifactorial framework based on mechanical, tissue or demographic components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive search of the literature was performed in PubMed and Embase back to the year 2010. Articles were assessed for quality. All risk factors that were evaluated and those that significantly predicted the development of PJK were compiled. The frequency that a risk factor was predictive compared to the number of times it was evaluated was calculated. RESULTS: 150 articles were reviewed. 57.3% of papers were of low quality. 76% of risk factors analyzed were focusing on the mechanical contribution to development of PJK versus only 5% were focusing on the tissue-based contribution. Risk factors that were most frequently predictive compared to how often they were analyzed were Hounsfield Units of vertebrae, UIV disc degeneration, paraspinal muscle cross sectional area and fatty infiltration, ligament augmentation, instrument characteristics, postoperative hip and lower extremity radiographic metrics, and postoperative teriparatide supplementation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This review finds a multifactorial framework accounting for mechanical, patient and tissue-based risk factors will improve the understanding of PJK development.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of imperfection of the conceptual apparatus of the system of covert investigative (detective) actions, the definition of their procedural forms. The unsuccessful approach of the legislator to the definition of the system of covert investigative (search) actions in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which provides for their delineation into those related to interference in private communication and others, the ambiguity of wording and the absence of clear criteria for such concepts as: "fact" conducting covert investigative (search) actions", "method of covert investigative (search) actions"; "exceptionality" - the impossibility of obtaining information in another way; "another person" who can be involved in secret investigative (search) actions; "circumstances that give reason to suspect a person of committing a criminal offense" as a legal and factual basis for restricting human rights and freedoms when conducting secret investigative (search) actions; "results of secret investigative (search) actions" in the context of the notification of the person in respect of whom it was conducted; the meaning of the concept of "private" and "private communication" and many others. It is pointed out that the imperfection of the conceptual apparatus makes it difficult to understand certain measures of tacitly obtaining and recording information as one or more procedural actions that are related to each other, but differ in content, procedure and features of recording. In particular, the author proposed ways to solve this problem by making changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, as well as by specifying their content in the Instructions on the organization of secret investigative (search) actions and the use of their results in criminal proceedings, to determine and specify the limits of permissible interference in private a life that a modern democratic legal state can afford. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an epidemic that continues to increase the burden of care among caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans. Research has confirmed that HIV/AIDS orphans’ caregivers perform their duties in an unconducive environment. Consequently, this negatively impacts their health leading to inability to discharge caregiving duties effectively. After carefully considering the caregivers’ predicament, the researchers found it imperative to develop a conceptual framework for the North West Province as this province lacks a conceptual framework that addresses the health and well-being of caregivers for orphaned children. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used in the study. The population for this study were HIV/AIDS orphans’ caregivers and ward-based professional nurses who also served as outreach team leaders. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for this study. Data was collected using individual semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and field notes. Six steps of thematic analysis were adopted to analyze collected data. The practice-orientated theory by Dickoff, James, and Wiedenbach guided the development of the conceptual framework. These six steps include the agent, recipient, context, procedure, dynamics, and terminus. Results: The study findings include home visits, health education, support during disclosure, routine monitoring of blood and growth, mobilization of support systems and resources, and utilization of government services. Conclusion: The conceptual framework seeks to improve the health and well-being of HIV/AIDS orphans caregivers so that they may provide high-quality care to the orphans. The framework guides outreach team leaders and nurses registered in primary health care institutions on the procedure to follow to improve and preserve the health of caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though human rights advocacy is a part of mental health care, psychiatric nurses in South Africa's primary healthcare (PHC) setting face substantial challenges when advocating for the rights of mental health care users (MHCUs). The study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for mental healthcare users' human rights in a PHC setting. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used to investigate the psychiatric nurses' experiences advocating for MHCUs' human rights in a PHC setting. Three phases were followed: the empirical phase, the classification of concepts, and a development phase. Following the empirical phase, a conceptual framework was developed to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for MHCUs human rights in a PHC setting. Results: Three themes were derived from focus group interviews with psychiatric nurses in the empirical phase. These themes yielded the central concept as 'the facilitation of empowerment' of psychiatric nurses in advocating for MHCUs' human rights. The central concepts were also classified. A conceptual framework was developed that included the relationship, working and termination phases. Conclusion: The study described the development of a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for mental healthcare users' human rights in a PHC setting. Psychiatric nurses play a key role in advocating for the human rights of MHCUs. This task is important and should be implemented from the government to the societal level, including all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities are increasingly dealing with challenges regarding the negative impact of rapid and mismanaged urbanization. Therefore, city planning must cope with the natural environment limitations, seeking a balance between the human activities and the well-functioning of the hydrologic cycle. This work aims to present a conceptual framework able to properly integrate the stormwater dynamics into the open spaces system in a functional way, establishing a Hydrological Interest Area, HIA, to structure urban expansion integrated into and respecting watershed natural processes. The initial step is to define a HIA, primarily consisting of open spaces that can be used for supporting urban drainage functions and to order land use in the urban expansion process. This delimitation offers the background for interpreting the watershed in three functional arches, especially covering the upstream, mid-reach and downstream areas of the basin, guiding the design of a set of flood mitigation interventions focusing on the use of Blue-Green Infrastructure. To illustrate and validate the proposed methodological framework, the design is evaluated by a flood modeling tool, using a hydrological-hydrodynamic cell-model. A case study was driven in the Bambu Watershed, a rapidly developing area in the municipality of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The proposed intervention includes an urban expansion scenario for a low impact development on flood behavior alongside with four parks: an upstream park with reservoirs, two multifunctional floodable urban parks, and a park dedicated to lagoon restoration. This plan complements riverbed modifications designed to enhance water discharge. The simulation showed significant reduction of water depths with a consequent decrease in exposure of buildings and roads, especially in the most critical region of the watershed. This framework highlights the importance of a multifunctional approach in land use and serves as a robust foundation for controlling urban expansion and proposing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thriving at work has gained considerable research attention over the past decades. This study aimed to systematically unpack the knowledge of the past, present, and future of thriving at work by using bibliometric analysis. Following the PRISMA protocol, this study assesses 281 peer‐reviewed papers published between 2005 and 2024. Results are as follows: (1) We identify the prominent authors, significant publications, top countries, leading affiliations, and journals in thriving at work. (2) Six clusters (i.e., work–family enrichment, career commitment, servant leadership, challenge stressors, job satisfaction, and psychological capital) are identified based on the keywords that map the emergent core themes via content analysis. (3) Based on the job demands–resources model, we map a detailed framework of thriving at work about its antecedents, moderators, and outcomes. (4) We propose prospective directions for future research using the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, Method) framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three missions of universities are education, research, and knowledge/technology transfer. At the micro‐level of the research and knowledge/technology transfer mission, we position researchers, as individuals who decided to pursue a scientific career in academia, with the PhD as the starting point. While existing literature acknowledges the supervisor's significance during this process from dependency to autonomy, this paper advocates for a closer examination of external factors such as the network, supervisor's experience, and work environment in idea generation. Ideas in this context encompass both curiosity‐driven and entrepreneurial concepts, often evolving from one to the other. Our research builds upon the theory of opportunity identification, drawing parallels between ideas and opportunities. The research asserts that PhD students primarily rely on their networks for idea generation due to limited prior knowledge and experience. Our findings underscore the dynamic interplay between PhD students, supervisors, and networks in the process of idea generation, advancing a comprehensive framework encapsulating the multifaceted influences on the trajectory from idea generation to execution in the context of PhD education. The framework is based on empirical evidence from a qualitative case study comprising 16 PhD students in a European H2020 project in the field of Photonics, illuminating the intricate relationship between supervisors' orientations (entrepreneurial or curiosity‐driven) and the types of ideas generated by PhD students. Practical implications highlight the need for tailored support and resources to foster independent research capabilities among PhD students, considering individual variations in supervisory support and networking opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering education is pivotal in driving sustainable development forward, yet many engineers encounter hurdles stemming from insufficient preparation for sustainability challenges. A major factor contributing to this is the lack of a structured and practical framework to guide the integration of sustainability into engineering education. This study addresses this gap by presenting a system-based framework tailored to 'engineering education as sustainable development.' The framework outlines a dynamic and inclusive organisational system, incorporating inputs from key stakeholders, a value-and-belief subsystem, throughput processes, and resultant outcomes. These outcomes encompass the cultivation of a new cohort of engineering graduates equipped with sustainable development knowledge, skills, and values/attitudes, thereby fostering the sustainable well-being and prosperity of all stakeholders involved. Additionally, the study examines the intricate relationships, including feedback loops, among system components and concludes by offering insights for practitioners to consider for future action and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Game-based learning researchers have been investigating various means to maximise learning in educational games. One promising venue in recent years has been the use of learning analytics in online game-based learning environments. However, little is known about how different elements of learning analytics (e.g. data types, techniques methods, and stakeholders) contribute to game-based learning practices within online learning environments. There is a need for a comprehensive review to bridge this gap. In this systematic review, we examined the related literature in five major international databases including Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, IEEE, and compiled Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge. Twenty relevant publications were identified and analysed. The analysis was conducted using four core elements of learning analytics, namely the types of data that the system collects (what), the methods used for performing analytics (how), the reasons the system captures, analyzes, and reports data (why), and the recipients of the analytics (who). This study synthesises the existing literature, provides a conceptual framework as to how learning analytics can enhance online game-based learning practices in higher education, and sets the agenda for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curriculum evaluation, including alignment of concepts, is an ongoing challenge for nurse educators. Nursing curricular frameworks encompass varied concepts, guided by professional standards. This article examines a conceptual model, the Globe Framework, for BSN generalist practice including initial development, implementation, and evaluation. Evaluation at one school, driven by new AACN Essentials in 2021, spans from 2008 to 2020, reviewing three data points: meeting minutes, master syllabi from baccalaureate coursework, and accreditation documents. Challenges included merging two nursing departments with collaboration to reach consensus. Framework strengths include local practice environment values and multiple concepts. Findings and recommendations can inform nurse educators as they consider program evaluation and upcoming accreditation standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to digital business systems has revolutionized organizational operations, driven by the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). This integration indicates a shift, redefining traditional practices and enhancing efficiency across diverse sectors such as finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. This study explores the impact of AI on auditing through a systematic literature review to develop a conceptual framework for auditing practices. The theoretical implications show the transformative role of AI in redefining auditors' roles, shifting from retrospective examination to proactive real-time monitoring. Moreover, managerial contributions stress the benefits of AI integration, enabling informed decision-making in risk analysis, financial management, and regulatory compliance. Future research should explore AI's influence on auditing efficiency, performance, regulatory challenges, and auditor adaptation. Overall, this study underlines the importance for organizations to embrace AI integration in auditing practices, fostering innovation, competitiveness, and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The declining number of conceptual articles, particularly in psychology and marketing (P&M), represents a key concern for the continued advancement of the body of knowledge. Proposition‐based works, a key conceptual article subtype, offer theoretical propositions that introduce new concepts and theorize regarding their specific theoretical associations. However, relatively few guidelines for the preparation of these articles exist, leaving scholars in the dark regarding their development. Addressing this gap, we propose a framework summarizing the development of proposition‐based research, offering a step‐by‐step guide to craft these contributions. The framework identifies the (1) key role of topic (e.g., a focal P&M concept) problematization and motivation, which may be an existing but under‐explored or a new‐to‐P&M topic, and (2) application of a broader (e.g., meso‐ or macro‐foundational) theory to frame the topic, which should exhibit a level of fit with one another. The framework also suggests that the chosen topic and theory co‐infuse the development of the model and propositions, for which we provide relevant guidelines. We link this theoretical co‐infusion process to prior intra‐proposition recommendations (i.e., propositional clarity, consistency, conciseness, and contribution), which are supplemented with the proposed inter‐proposition guidelines of propositional conceptual distinctiveness, comprehensiveness, and coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed methods research (MMR) is suitable for studying research problems that cannot be adequately investigated through qualitative and quantitative methods alone. Nevertheless, the MMR literature offers a very limited discussion about "research problems." To address this gap, this paper uses Elliott's conceptual framework to offer guidance on how to identify and formulate research problems in MMR and understand their nature. This article contributes to the field of MMR by reframing the concept of research problems in this type of research and offering a conceptual and methodological approach to describing and characterizing research problems for investigation in social and cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the enduring social crimes throughout history is kidnapping. While its manifestations are global, there are distinct local variations in its specifics. This social malady has surged with alarming frequency, especially over the past decade in Nigeria, bringing with it significant impacts on the stability of the country. Thus, it becomes crucial to delve into its patterns, various occurrences, and to comprehend the theoretical foundations that underlie it. In order to uncover the sociological underpinnings of this crime, and the intertwined triggers, this study extensively reviewed relevant literature. The argument presented in this paper delineates the annals of kidnapping in Nigeria into two phases: the slavery and precolonial era, and the contemporary period. Triggers for kidnapping were analyzed and categorized into distinct clusters: an underlying cluster (socio-economic disparities, a dysfunctional law enforcement and judicial system, and longstanding conflicts); a remote cluster (political instability, the presence of militant groups, and insurgency); and an immediate cluster (vulnerable demographics, lack of robust security measures, and instances of diverse unrest). Moreover, the paper contends that the persistence of kidnapping is exacerbated by the flourishing economy it has spawned. Through an examination of theories associated with kidnapping, a comprehensive conceptual framework was developed, integrating the multifaceted factors relevant to the Nigerian context. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute to the formulation of new policies, and the refinement of existing ones, aimed at fostering a safe, secure, and peaceful socioeconomic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing industry is entering the fourth industrial revolution, which aims to shift the manufacturing paradigm to data-driven smart manufacturing. Many barriers still limit the adoption of this new revolution, although enabling technologies such as a digital twin (DT) have the potential to overcome them. Since the appearance of the digital twin technology, this has led to a significant increase in academic publications and industrial applications. However, significant challenges facing the implementation of this technology stem from the emergent field stage, a need for more comprehensive information, and a need for clarity and consistency in definitions and concepts. This review identifies and categorizes the potential digital twin challenges and provides a novel conceptual framework that structures them and links them to the principal digital twin components, along with an example that elucidates the proposed framework's utilization. The emerging relationships unveil interesting insights into the current status and future research requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watershed development initiatives have emerged as key tools for achieving sustainable rural development, especially in countries experiencing environmental degradation and resource constraints. Despite the increasing acknowledgment of the significance of watershed development interventions, there remains a dearth of comprehensive frameworks for evaluating their effects on the socioeconomic progress of communities, particularly concerning rural livelihoods and household food security outcomes. Hence, this study addresses this gap by developing a comprehensive impact analysis conceptual framework tailored to assess the impact of watershed development on socioeconomic aspects. This study designed the framework by incorporating existing theoretical perspectives (the sustainable livelihoods framework, political ecology, theory of change, and community-based natural resource management) and making essential adjustments. This novel conceptual framework offers a multifaceted approach to assess the socioeconomic impacts of watershed development projects, particularly on rural livelihoods and household food security. Employing a mixed methods approach, the framework sheds light on how interventions affect the livelihood assets and strategies of rural communities, ultimately influencing their food security and well-being. Furthermore, it examines how community involvement and national policy affect these efforts. By providing a holistic understanding of watershed development dynamics, this framework allows researchers and practitioners to assess impacts, identify trade-offs, and evaluate interventions. This informs policymakers about evidence-based interventions to promote sustainable socioeconomic development in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Including structural determinants (e.g. criminalisation, stigma, inequitable gender norms) in dynamic HIV transmission models is important to help quantify their population-level impacts and guide implementation of effective interventions that reduce the burden of HIV and inequalities thereof. However, evidence-based modelling of structural determinants is challenging partly due to a limited understanding of their causal pathways and few empirical estimates of their effects on HIV acquisition and transmission. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of dynamic HIV transmission modelling studies that evaluated the impacts of structural determinants, published up to August 28, 2023, using Ovid Embase and Medline online databases. We appraised studies on how models represented exposure to structural determinants and causal pathways. Building on this, we developed a new methodological framework and recommendations to support the incorporation of structural determinants in transmission dynamics models and their analyses. We discuss the data and analyses that could strengthen the evidence used to inform these models. Results: We identified 17 HIV modelling studies that represented structural determinants and/or interventions, including incarceration of people who inject drugs (number of studies [n] = 5), violence against women (n = 3), HIV stigma (n = 1), and housing instability (n = 1), among others (n = 7). Most studies (n = 10) modelled exposures dynamically. Almost half (8/17 studies) represented multiple exposure histories (e.g. current, recent, non-recent exposure). Structural determinants were often assumed to influence HIV indirectly by influencing mediators such as contact patterns, condom use, and antiretroviral therapy use. However, causal pathways' assumptions were sometimes simple, with few mediators explicitly represented in the model, and largely based on cross-sectional associations. Although most studies calibrated models using HIV epidemiological data, less than half (7/17) also fitted or cross-validated to data on the prevalence, frequency, or effects of exposure to structural determinants. Conclusions: Mathematical models can play a crucial role in elucidating the population-level impacts of structural determinants and interventions on HIV. We recommend the next generation of models reflect exposure to structural determinants dynamically and mechanistically, and reproduce the key causal pathways, based on longitudinal evidence of links between structural determinants, mediators, and HIV. This would improve the validity and usefulness of predictions of the impacts of structural determinants and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of financial statement comparability on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Comparability is a qualitative characteristic that enhances the usefulness of accounting information, as emphasized in the conceptual framework of accounting standards. Reporting accounting information with high comparability reduces the cost of obtaining information for users of financial statements, thereby enabling them to make decisions more efficiently. However, increased comparability of financial statements may lead managers to avoid investments that do not directly and rapidly enhance corporate value. In the context of ESG, this behavior could lead to a reduction in ESG investments, thereby lowering overall ESG performance. This study empirically investigates this hypothesis by analyzing data from listed firms in Korea. The analysis reveals a negative relationship between the comparability of financial statements and ESG performance. When breaking down ESG performance into individual components, the environmental (E) and social (S) factors show a negative relationship with comparability, while no significant relationship is observed with the governance (G) factor. The results remain consistent across various additional tests, including the use of alternative comparability and ESG proxies, as well as when employing firm fixed effects models. The findings of this study highlight the potential adverse effects of financial statement comparability on ESG performance. These results suggest that while comparability facilitates better decision-making through enhanced information efficiency, it may inadvertently discourage managers from engaging in ESG investments, thereby negatively impacting a company's sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Epistemic Competence of the Researcher is a critical success factor for ethical, rigorous, and creative research performance, but it requires a deep epistemological and methodological mastery, however, the current scientific literature has not yet achieved a conceptual arrangement, that allows researchers and educators to have a comprehensive theoretical framework for a holistic understanding of this competence. The objective of this study was to build a comprehensive theory on the epistemic competence of the researcher. A qualitative approach was used, deploying an open interview and the grounded theory method. Ten experts in social science didactics from 7 Latin American universities and 3 Spanish universities participated. The interviews were processed manually and with the support of ATLAS.TI software, finding 23 emerging categories that were contrasted with the results of a term co-occurrence network of 6081 studies imported from Scopus. From the cross-check of empirical and theoretical results, the following concepts were selected to coincide. Finally, the theoretical framework established was made up of the following concepts: 1.- knowledge building and conceptual change, 2.- epistemological beliefs, 3.- concept mapping and knowledge creation, 4.- conceptual understanding, 5.- conceptual framework, 6.- concept formation, 7.- epistemic beliefs, 8.- science education (learning science and science teaching) 9.- cognitive complexity, 10.- personal epistemology, 11.- virtue epistemology, 12.- formal logic, 13.- epistemic cognition, 14.- nature of science, 15.- epistemic emotions. A proposal for teaching and learning science from this epistemic perspective is established. Future studies should continue to explore the concepts and categories that this work leaves open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most subsistence crops that fall in low-value chains, such as cassava, are controlled mainly by women; hence, intra-household gender roles and power dynamics are complex and depend on socio-economic and cultural contexts. Cassava food value chains contribute to the immediate food and income household needs of marginalized and vulnerable rural communities where agriculture is a significant livelihood. However, few studies have explicitly documented how perceived lowvalue agricultural commodity value chains transform intra-household social relations and resource ownership, benefit sharing, and how, in turn, these value chains are affected by these micro-level processes. The primary objective in designing this framework was to highlight the importance of gendered interactions at the microscale through an analysis of the changing roles, responsibilities, and bargaining power of women and men within the cassava value chains at the household level. A crosssectional survey involving focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and an ethnographic approach was undertaken using repeated household visits during data collection. Qualitative data analysis used content analysis to identify key themes from focus group discussions about intra-household gender power dynamics. The framework was derived from analyzing the empirical findings from Tanzania's smallholder farming sector underpinned by the Colfer and Minarchek framework. The findings refute the assumption of unitary household preferences along the gender axis, given the intricate relationships in the multi-sectoral smallholder farming space. By emphasizing intra-household gender power dynamics, the framework helps to identify gender inequalities emanating from skewed resource ownership, limited women participation, unequal benefit sharing, and power relations within the cassava food value chain. The study recommends policy shifts for women to own productive resources such as land, reduced export taxes, access to finance, and rewarding markets for cassava value chain actors. This study resonates with global and regional policy initiatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Agenda 2063: Africa We Want in enhancing gender equality, reducing poverty, and ensuring food and nutrition security. The framework will facilitate the development of gender-sensitive intervention programs for upgrading and strengthening women's participation in cassava food value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the life-transition perspective as a novel conceptual framework for mediatization research. By examining individuals' media engagement during significant life transitions, this perspective illuminates the interplay between media-communicative practices and transitioning social roles. The article argues that the life-transition perspective offers methodological advantages and fosters integration between audience research and mediatization research. It enables in-depth analysis of lived experiences of media-related social change in the context of digital everyday life and provides a comprehensive concept for synthesizing existing research on the evolving role of media across diverse domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, law enforcement organizations have been dealing with the development of cybercrime. To address this growing problem, law enforcement organizations apply various digital forensic (DF) tools and techniques to investigate crimes involving digital devices. This ensures that evidence is admissible in legal proceedings. Consequently, DF analysts may need to invest more in proprietary DF hardware and software to maintain the viability of the DF lab, which will burden budget-constrained organizations. As an alternative, the open source DF tool is considered a cost-saving option. However, the admissibility of digital evidence obtained from these tools has yet to be tested in courts, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the admissibility of digital evidence obtained through open source DF tools. By reviewing the existing literature, the factors that affect the admissibility of the evidence produced by these tools in courts were identified. Further, based on the findings, a conceptual framework was developed to ensure the admissibility of the evidence so that it will be accepted in the court of law. This conceptual framework was formed to outline the factors affecting the admissibility of digital evidence from open source DF tools, which include; 1) The Availability and Capability of open source DF tools, 2) the Reliability and Integrity of the digital evidence obtained from open source DF tools, 3) the Transparency of the open source DF tools, and 4) the Lack of Reference and Standard of open source DF tools. This study provides valuable insights into the digital forensic field, and the conceptual framework can be used to integrate open source DF tools into digital forensic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving real estate industry, integrating automated valuation models (AVMs) has become critical for improving property assessment accuracy and transparency. Although there is some research on the subject, no thorough qualitative systematic review has been done in this field. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date and systematic understanding of the strategic applications of AVMs across various real estate subsectors (i.e., real estate development, real estate investment, land administration, and taxation), shedding light on their broad contributions to value enhancement, decision-making, and market insights. The systematic review is based on 97 papers selected out of 652 search results with an application of the PRISMAbased method. The findings highlight the transformative role of AVMs approaches in streamlining valuation processes, enhancing market efficiency, and supporting data-driven decision-making in the real estate industry, along with developing an original conceptual framework. Key areas of future research, including data integration, ethical implications, and the development of hybrid AVMs approaches are identified to advance the field and address emerging challenges. Ultimately, stakeholders can create new avenues for real estate valuation efficiency, accuracy, and transparency by judiciously utilizing AVMs approaches, leading to more educated real estate investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education systems globally are increasingly being shaped by the logics, assumptions and pedagogical underpinnings of educational technology (EdTech) products, services, programmes, policies, and systems. These often promote rationalistic, secular, universal, objectivist, (post)modernist, written, behaviourist, and individualistic ways of being, marginalising religious, spiritual, oral, subjective, critical, and communitarian ways of being. Given that technological ways of being have been propagated globally, these logics are no longer predominantly promoted by those in the Global North, but by techno-solutionists globally, although the core-to-periphery flows of ideology and funding are still prominent. This article develops a conceptual and analytical framework for decolonising and desecularising the field of EdTech. Concepts are drawn from various discourses: the desecularisation of knowledge to set the ontological framing; embodied cognition to set the epistemological framing; and social justice and decolonial discourses to set the axiological framing. From this, the article develops the Dimensions of Human Injustice Analytical Framework—covering material, ontological and epistemic, and (geo)political injustices—to assist policymakers, educators, EdTech developers, and international development practitioners in identifying and confronting coloniality in their EdTech. Acknowledging the complexity and contentions within decolonial thought, this article does not claim a unified stance on achieving justice but aims to offer a tool for deconstructing and questioning injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a conceptual framework for integrating AI-enabled business communication in higher education. Drawing on established theories from business communication and educational technology, the framework provides comprehensive guidance for designing engaging learning experiences. It emphasizes the significance of social presence, cognitive load management, and constructivist learning principles. The framework is exemplified through various tasks, including role-playing with AI chatbots, analyzing nonverbal cues, communication simulations, interactive presentation assessments, and collaborative AI-supported projects. Practical considerations for implementation, including technological infrastructure, faculty training, ethics, curriculum integration, and assessment strategies, are discussed. Future directions and implications for business communication education are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambidextrous innovation is considered to be a key framework for innovation that offers organizations the ability to maintain their current level of competitiveness and develop and sustain a long-term competitive advantage. However, the implementation of ambidextrous innovation is constrained by an organization's culture. Thus, the aim and objective of the present research are to explore the literature deeply and attempt to understand both organizational culture and ambidextrous innovation, along with key cultural aspects with regard to ambidexterity. The present research deeply dived into the model of organizational culture and attempted to build synergy between each model with respect to ambidexterity. The results of the present research suggest that Cameron and Quinn's competing value framework, once amalgamated with the Schein model, creates an organizational culture framework that can be used to develop a culture that is best suited to the implementation of ambidextrous innovation. The Schein model provides a comprehensive guideline for each value of the competing value framework. Further, the present research also extracted key insights with regard to the role culture can play in innovation in general and ambidextrous innovation in particular. Finally, the present research also attempted to build a list of culture enablers and inhibitors that can facilitate and impede the process of ambidextrous innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an epidemic that continues to increase the burden of care among caregivers of HIV/AIDS orphans. Research has confirmed that HIV/AIDS orphans’ caregivers perform their duties in an unconducive environment. Consequently, this negatively impacts their health leading to inability to discharge caregiving duties effectively. After carefully considering the caregivers’ predicament, the researchers found it imperative to develop a conceptual framework for the North West Province as this province lacks a conceptual framework that addresses the health and well-being of caregivers for orphaned children. Methods An exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used in the study. The population for this study were HIV/AIDS orphans’ caregivers and ward-based professional nurses who also served as outreach team leaders. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for this study. Data was collected using individual semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and field notes. Six steps of thematic analysis were adopted to analyze collected data. The practice-orientated theory by Dickoff, James, and Wiedenbach guided the development of the conceptual framework. These six steps include the agent, recipient, context, procedure, dynamics, and terminus. Results The study findings include home visits, health education, support during disclosure, routine monitoring of blood and growth, mobilization of support systems and resources, and utilization of government services. Conclusion The conceptual framework seeks to improve the health and well-being of HIV/AIDS orphans caregivers so that they may provide high-quality care to the orphans. The framework guides outreach team leaders and nurses registered in primary health care institutions on the procedure to follow to improve and preserve the health of caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS.

Abstract Background Even though human rights advocacy is a part of mental health care, psychiatric nurses in South Africa’s primary healthcare (PHC) setting face substantial challenges when advocating for the rights of mental health care users (MHCUs). The study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses’ advocacy for mental healthcare users’ human rights in a PHC setting. Methods A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used to investigate the psychiatric nurses’ experiences advocating for MHCUs’ human rights in a PHC setting. Three phases were followed: the empirical phase, the classification of concepts, and a development phase. Following the empirical phase, a conceptual framework was developed to facilitate psychiatric nurses’ advocacy for MHCUs human rights in a PHC setting. Results Three themes were derived from focus group interviews with psychiatric nurses in the empirical phase. These themes yielded the central concept as ‘the facilitation of empowerment’ of psychiatric nurses in advocating for MHCUs’ human rights. The central concepts were also classified. A conceptual framework was developed that included the relationship, working and termination phases. Conclusion The study described the development of a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses’ advocacy for mental healthcare users’ human rights in a PHC setting. Psychiatric nurses play a key role in advocating for the human rights of MHCUs. This task is important and should be implemented from the government to the societal level, including all stakeholders.

ObjectiveTo develop a conceptual framework and a system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of basic public health services projects, and to provide scientific approaches and tools for such evaluations. MethodsGuided by the health output, and considering the characteristics of public health services and the content of China′s basic public health service projects, as well as relevant theoretical models, we elaborated on the basic dimensions of evaluating the effectiveness of basic public health service projects and constructed a conceptual framework based on the elaboration between 2021 and 2022. Through in-depth individual interviews, Delphi expert consultations, and expert panels, an indicator system for evaluating the effectiveness of a basic public health services project was developed and the weights of the indicators were determined using the analytical hierarchy process. ResultsThe conceptual framework developed to evaluate the effectiveness of China′s basic public health projects includes five aspects: improving population health literacy, improving health status, reducing environmental risk factors, innovating and improving related health policies and systems, and increasing supply and demand satisfaction. The results of the expert consultation showed that the Delphi experts′ familiarity coefficient was 0.92, the judgment coefficient was 0.88, and the authority coefficient was 0.9. Ultimately, the study created an indicator system for evaluating the effectiveness of basic public health projects that includes 5 primary dimensions, 18 secondary indicators, and 52 tertiary indicators. Data relevant to the indicators could be collected through health information monitoring systems and online surveys. Regarding the weights of the primary dimensions, the highest weight was assigned to health status (0.448 2), followed by health literacy (0.205 8). ConclusionThe conceptual framework and indicator system for evaluating basic public health service projects constructed in this study emphasize a value-oriented approach to health outcomes with high accuracy and reliability. This system fully utilizes available health information monitoring data, demonstrates good operability, and comprehensively covers evaluation contents, positioning it as a scientific tool for evaluating the effectiveness of basic public health service projects.

AECO is struggling with data loss, inefficient processes and low productivity in asset management. The remedy to these problems seems to be the idea of Digital Twin (DT). However, the frameworks proposed so far do not always support a solution to these problems. This paper conducts an extensive literature review to develop a conceptual framework for the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase for building facilities. The conceptual framework takes into account the increasingly popular Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The foundation, however, is Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. The presented framework, after appropriate modifications, can also be applied to infrastructure facilities or city fragments. The paper presents limitations and directions for further research. The DT paradigm has been adopted and its adoption is ongoing. Its implementation will progress in the coming years. The advantages and benefits are certainly more numerous than the barriers and risks posed by the use of DT.

Science data literacy (SDL) is an important literacy for college students in STEM majors to possess. However, the current understanding of SDL is incomplete and lacks effective cultivation strategies. This study integrates the core ideas of science literacy (SL) and data literacy (DL), while considering the characteristics of science data, and constructs a conceptual framework of SDL that contains three dimensions. The Delphi method was used to further optimize this framework. The WorldWide Telescope (WWT), as a visual exploration platform centered on astronomical data, integrates a large amount of astronomical science data, which provides the possibility of cultivating students' SDL. Based on the optimized SDL conceptual framework and WWT software, we designed a curriculum for college students majoring in STEM and practiced it for 4 weeks. The practical results show that the course is effective in developing students' SDL. This study helps to deepen the connotation of SDL and also provides new ideas for cultivating SDL for college students majoring in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper describes a conceptual framework of maintenance of physical activity (PA) and its application to future intervention design. Methods: Evidence from systematic literature reviews and in-depth (N = 27) qualitative interviews with individuals with cancer were used to develop a conceptual framework of long-term physical activity behaviour. Determinants of long-term PA were listed and linked with domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework which in turn were linked to associated behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and finally to proposed mechanisms of action (MoA). Results: The conceptual framework is presented within the context of non-modifiable contextual factors (such as demographic and material resources) and in the presence of learnt and adapted behavioural determinants of skills, competence and autonomous motivation that must be established as part of the initiation of physical activity behaviour. An inventory of 8 determinants of engagement in long-term PA after cancer was developed. Clusters of BCTs are presented along with proposed MoA which can be tested using mediation analysis in future trials. Conclusion: Understanding the processes of PA maintenance after cancer and presentation of implementable and testable intervention components and mechanisms of action to promote continued PA can inform future intervention development. Implications for Cancer Survivors: This resource can act as a starting point for selection of intervention components for those developing future interventions. This will facilitate effective support of individuals affected by cancer to maintain PA for the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, "sustainability education" in Higher Education has become an increasingly popular topic among researchers driven by the constant calls for the research community to contribute novel research that can aid in building a sustainable world. The objective of this paper was to explore how sustainability concepts have been integrated in Information Systems (IS) curricula, to determine the state of knowledge in this area and provide guidance for future research. Using Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review process, the current landscape of sustainability in IS classrooms is mapped and key themes and factors which were found to influence sustainability education in IS are identified. Eight databases were searched for relevant papers published on this topic. Fifteen articles were selected and deemed high quality for a thematic analysis. As a result, nine themes emerged from the thematic analysis, and key research gaps and directions for future research are presented. The findings show that there is currently no unified approach to sustainability education in IS. This paper presents the themes in a novel conceptual research framework which can guide the incorporation of sustainability concepts in IS education. In addition, the framework can be used as the basis for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsCyberbullying research has gained considerable attention among scholars due to the proliferation and diversification of the digital media platforms. Although cyberbullying research has a robust empirical nature, the research is more difficult to define and deserves close investigation. In response to the situation, we have examined topics, forms, context, media, predictive factors, outcomes, utilization of methodology, and research trends in cyberbullying research from 2014 to 2023.This study analyzed 3,588 articles to investigate the trend and development of cyberbullying research using the Scopus academic databases.85.87% of research focused on cyberbullying as ‘social issues’. 71.57% of articles focused on cyberbullying itself rather than specific forms of cyberbullying. 50.81% of articles focused on cyberbullying in middle/high school contexts. Most research did not state any predictive factors (39.83%) or outcomes (60.17%) suggested. The predominant research method used in cyberbullying research was via surveys (30.69%), while the second phase of research dominated the cyberbullying research agenda (victims and bullies in cyberbullying).Although Cyberbullying research has increased, broadened, and diversified over time, it still focuses primarily on the first phase of the research agenda of cyberbullying issues. The findings of this study provides a framework for new insights for future cyberbullying research and practices by suggesting exploration to different mechanisms of cyberbullying such as: victims/bullies, effects, and improvement of cyberbullying beyond the issues of cyberbullying itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc on long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Some LTCFs performed better than others at slowing COVID-19 transmission. Emerging literature has mostly described infection prevention and control strategies implemented by LTCFs during the pandemic. However, there is a need for a comprehensive review of factors that influenced the performance of LTCFs in containing COVID-19 spread to inform public health policy. Objective: To build on the existing literature, we conducted a scoping review of factors that influenced LTCF performance during the COVID-19 pandemic using a multidimensional conceptual framework of performance. Methods: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. We queried CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), CAIRN, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed literature in English or French published between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2021. Retrieved records were screened for context (COVID-19 pandemic), population (LTCFs), interest (internal and external factors that influenced LTCF performance), and outcomes (dimensions of performance: equity, accessibility, reactivity, safety, continuity, efficacy, viability, efficiency). Descriptive characteristics of included articles were summarized. Dimensions of performance as well as internal (e.g., facility characteristics) and external (e.g., visitors) factors identified to have influenced LTCF performance were presented. Results: We retained 140 articles of which 68% were classified as research articles, 47% originated in North America, and most covered a period between March and July 2020. The most frequent dimensions of performance were "efficacy" (75.7%) and "safety" (75.7%). The most common internal factors were "organizational context" (72.9%) and "human resources" (62.1%), and the most common external factors were "visitors" (27.1%) and "public health guidelines" (25.7%). Conclusions: Our review contributes to a global interest in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations residing and working in LTCFs. Though a myriad of factors were reported, a lack of randomized controlled trials makes it impossible to establish causality between the identified factors and LTCF performance. The use of a multidimensional framework can be recommended to evaluate healthcare system performance not merely in terms of efficacy and safety, but alongside other critical dimensions such as efficiency and equity. Trial registration: Research Registry ID: researchregistry7026 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The engagement of community partners in equitable partnerships with academic teams is necessary to achieve health equity. However, there is no standardized approach to support bidirectional engagement among research stakeholders in the context of partnership equity at each phase of the research process. Objective: We describe the development of a systematic framework along with competencies and tools promoting bidirectional engagement and equity within community–academic partnerships at each phase of the research process. Design: We conducted a four‐step research process between November 2020 and December 2023 for framework development: (1) a narrative literature review; (2) expansion of existing bidirectional, equitable framework; (3) a scientific review with two groups of cognitive interviews (five community engagement researchers and five community leaders and members); and (4) three community‐based organization leader focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group data. Results: Using results of each step, the framework was iteratively developed, yielding four phases of the bidirectional engagement and equity (BEE) research framework: Relationship building and assessment of goals and resources (Phase I); form a community–academic partnership based on shared research interests (may include multilevel stakeholders) (Phase II); develop a research team comprising members from each partnering organization (Phase III); and implement the six‐step equitable research process (Phase IV). Bidirectional learning and partnership principles are at the core of the partnership, particularly in Phases II–IV. Competencies and tools for conducting an equitable, engaged research process were provided. Discussion: This conceptual framework offers a novel, stepwise approach and competencies for community–academic partners to successfully partner and conduct the research process equitably. Conclusion: The BEE research framework can be implemented to standardize the conduct of an equitable, engaged research process within a community–academic partnership, while improving knowledge and trust across partners and, ultimately, an increased return on investment and sustainability to benefit both partners in the area of health outcomes and ultimately health equity. Patient or Public Contribution: The development of this framework was co‐led with a community organization in which two leaders in the organization were equitably involved in each phase of the research process, including grant development, study design, participant recruitment, protocol development for focus groups and community and researcher review, framework design and content and dissemination of this manuscript as a co‐author. For grant development, the community leader completed the give‐get grid components for them as a partner. They also wrote up their lived experience in the research process for the progress report. For the focus groups, one community leader co‐led the focus group with the academic partner. For the narrative review, the community leaders did not actively conduct the narrative review but observed the process through the academic partners. One community leader wrote the section 'relationship building' and 'bidirectional learning' sections with the assistance of the academic partner, while they both equally provided input on other sections of the manuscript alongside academic partners. The community leaders have extensive experience in leading programmes, along with partnering with researchers to address health equity issues and improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the development of serious games aimed at cognitive rehabilitation in older adults. Following Jabareen's methodology, a literature review was conducted to identify concepts and theories that are relevant in this field. The resulting framework comprises the use of virtual reality, integration of physical activity, incorporation of social interaction features, adaptability of difficulty levels, and customization of game content. The interconnections between these concepts and underlying cognitive theories, such as the cognitive reserve hypothesis and the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition, are highlighted. As we are in the early stages of our research, our goal is to introduce and test novel interpretations of current knowledge within this conceptual framework. Additionally, the practical implications of the conceptual framework are discussed, including its strengths and limitations, as well as its relevance for future research and clinical practice in the field of cognitive rehabilitation. It is hoped that this framework will provide a guide for the design and implementation of effective interventions to improve cognitive health and well-being in the older adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education / Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Mersin University Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Telerehabilitation as a new subdiscipline of telehealth is the application of information technology to support and deliver rehabilitation services via two-way or multipoint interactive online telecommunication technology. This enables the therapist to optimize the timing, intensity, and duration of therapy which is often not possible within the constraints of face-to-face treatment protocols in current health systems.To review the historical perspective and conceptual framework of telerehabilitation in neurological disorders.A narrative review of the literature was performed for the historical perspective and a systematic review of the conceptual framework was performed using the PRISMA guidelines on chronic neurological disorders; multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, cognitive impairment, and headaches. The search included articles from the past 20 years (2004 to 2024).Telerehabilitation dates back to the 1960s and early 1970s. Documented effective interventions were mostly on therapies for speech disorders. The conceptual framework consisted of three major components of telerehabilitation programmes including development, implementation, and evaluation. The COVID-19 pandemic suddenly made telerehabilitation come to the limelight because physical distancing became necessary. Out of the 110,000 articles downloaded, 43 met the inclusion criteria for review on the conceptual framework of telerehabilitation in relation to neurological disorders. The articles discussed multiple sclerosis (2), spinal cord disorders (1), stroke (17), Parkinson’s disease (15), headaches (3), and cognitive disorders (5). All articles reviewed assessed the effectiveness of telemedicine except for the articles on multiple sclerosis and spinal cord disorders which examined the interphase between the technology and the end users.The future of telerehabilitation looks promising with the subsequent integration of innovative tools and applications. This will require the adaption of technology, continuous capacity building, education, and training of healthcare professionals to ensure that they are adequately equipped with the necessary skills to provide quality virtual reality rehabilitation care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is consensus about the importance of developing a strong cadre of effective multilevel interventions to eliminate the impacts of unjust social processes, such as structural racism and other harmful social determinants of health (SDOH), on health inequities in the USA. However, the available cadre of rigorously evaluated evidence-based interventions for SDOH mitigation remains underdeveloped relative to the magnitude of historic and current health inequities. The proposed manuscript addresses this gap in two ways: first, by introducing a heuristic framework to inform decisions in multilevel intervention development, study design, and selection of analytic methods and, second, by providing a roadmap for future applications of the framework in multilevel intervention research through an exemplar application using the ongoing NIH-funded evaluation study of the Nurse-Community-Family Partnership (NCFP) intervention. NCFP leverages individual, family, institutional, and system factors to shape COVID-19 mitigation outcomes at the individual and household levels. NCFP takes an approach informed by the heuristic framework to addressing and mitigating unjust social processes and other harmful SDOH. We discuss the application of a two-arm parallel explanatory group randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of NCFP in improving the primary (COVID-19 testing uptake) and secondary (adoption of COVID-19 control measures, COVID-19 vaccine uptake, mutual aid capacity, etc.) outcomes at the individual and household levels. The analysis approach relies on random-intercept models, and we calculate the variance partitioning coefficient to estimate the extent to which household- and individual-level variables contribute to the outcome, allowing examination of NCFP effects at multiple levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]