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Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875–1911) is a key figure in Lithuanian music and art. As a professional composer and painter, he left behind over 220 paintings and 350 musical compositions. His art showcases early examples of abstract painting and serial music in Europe. However, his work and contributions to the music world are not widely known. The publication of his music was delayed for 50 years, and several different systems of cataloguing Čiurlionis' music were used, as well as different editing practices and multiple editorial versions. This complexity made the performance and further research of his music complicated for contemporary users. After a grant of the Lithuanian Research Council was received in 2022, the digital critical edition of Čiurlionis' piano music was started. It is based on the previous research done by members of a research team, when the Chronological Catalogue of Čiurlionis Music (2007) and several urtext editions were published (2010–2020). The currently developed prototype online system is a web-based application that enables users to work with all of Čiurlionis' piano music (manuscripts and previous editions), to use the digital edition for performances, and for further studies or research. The corpus of material is presented as an online digital critical edition with a catalogue, search tool and a specially developed tool for musicological and computational analysis of music scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 agenda of the United Nations, affordable and clean energy is one of the most relevant goals to achieve the decarbonization targets and break down the global climate change effects. The use of renewable energy sources, namely, solar energy, is gaining attention and market share due to reductions in investment costs. Nevertheless, it is important to overcome the energy storage problems, mostly in industrial applications. The integration of photovoltaic power plants with hydrogen production and its storage for further conversion to usable electricity are an interesting option from both the technical and economic points of view. The main objective of this study is to analyse the potential for green hydrogen production and storage through PV production, based on technical data and operational considerations. We also present a conceptual model and the configuration of a PV power plant integrated with hydrogen production for industry supply. The proposed power plant configuration identifies different pathways to improve energy use: supply an industrial facility, supply the hydrogen production and storage unit, sell the energy surplus to the electrical grid and provide energy to a backup battery. One of the greatest challenges for the proposed model is the component sizing and water electrolysis process for hydrogen production due to the operational requirements and the technology costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the course of major societal developments such as digitalisation and increasing urbanisation, various forms of so-called new mobility services have emerged. Various disciplines are engaged in understanding these services. However, what is still missing is a comprehensive understanding of what the umbrella term new mobility services means beyond a loosely used catch-all term. This article provides an interdisciplinary overview of the concept of new mobility services and their respective impacts on mobility landscapes. These aspects are summarised using a scoping review approach by examining a total of 98 publications. Our results show that the term new mobility services is indeed an umbrella term for different mobility concepts that are conceptualised differently and whose impacts on mobility landscapes are manifold. However, by applying elements of formal concept analysis, we can identify several key characteristics that define the lowest common denominator for services to be classified as new mobility services.

This guest editorial presents the papers contributing to the 15th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modelling (PoEM 2022). The best papers were selected for invitation for revision and significant expansion. Five papers were finally accepted in the special section. Collectively, these papers provide an excellent representation of the state of the art of Enterprise Modelling in both research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of major societal developments such as digitalisation and increasing urbanisation, various forms of so-called new mobility services have emerged. Various disciplines are engaged in understanding these services. However, what is still missing is a comprehensive understanding of what the umbrella term new mobility services means beyond a loosely used catch-all term. This article provides an interdisciplinary overview of the concept of new mobility services and their respective impacts on mobility landscapes. These aspects are summarised using a scoping review approach by examining a total of 98 publications. Our results show that the term new mobility services is indeed an umbrella term for different mobility concepts that are conceptualised differently and whose impacts on mobility landscapes are manifold. However, by applying elements of formal concept analysis, we can identify several key characteristics that define the lowest common denominator for services to be classified as new mobility services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation facilitates the understanding and improvement of complex systems. Conceptual modelling is a key step in simulation studies. It has gained recognition because it may both increase engagement with stakeholders and decrease the time to implement a simulation. This scoping review's objective is to highlight approaches and platforms for electronically representing models from 1999 to 2020. The motivation is that electronic representations facilitate the sharing of conceptual models. The contribution from the review to the research of conceptual modelling and simulation is to show that conceptual models are electronically represented by broadly speaking either General-Purpose or Domain-Specific Modelling Languages. There is a slight trend towards the latter in order to better deal with application specificities and improve unambiguity in model representations, though. Thus, we identify modelling approaches, platforms, and features for electronically representing conceptual models with the potential to fill the gap between conceptual models and their corresponding simulation implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable scholarly interest in the drivers of and barriers to business model innovation for sustainability transformations, scholars have not yet explored the role of images of human nature in this context. This is surprising because economic decisions are profoundly shaped by assumptions about humanity and its role in the world. Applying conceptual modelling as a methodological approach, this article sheds light on the mutual relationships between images of human nature and business model innovation. The main insights are twofold: First, images of human nature can be drivers of or barriers to business model innovation, as they enable or obstruct the adoption of new business models. Second, images of human nature can be challenged and adjusted through practical experiences with business models. The article concludes that images of human nature as representing an evolving holon have the greatest potential to push forward sustainability transformation by understanding humanity in a post-anthropocentric way and facilitating a profound reconsideration of business and economy. This study contributes to research on business model innovation by answering recent calls to advance theoretical perspectives on the factors that influence decision-making in innovation processes. It also helps research and practice to understand why certain business model innovations are preferred over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Most data-aware process modelling approaches have been developed from a process perspective and lack a full-fledged data modelling approach. In addition, the evaluation of data-centric process approaches reveals that, even though their value is acknowledged, their usability is a point of concern. This paper presents a data-aware process modelling approach combining full-fledged domain modelling based on UML class diagrams and state charts with BPMN and DMN. The approach is illustrated by means of an elaborated example with multiple business processes on top of a joint domain model. A proof-of-concept has been implemented using the MERODE code generator, linking the resulting prototype application to a Camunda BPM engine, making use of RESTful web services. The proposed approach is evaluated against 20 requirements for data-aware processes and demonstrates that the majority of these are already satisfied by the out-of-the-box combination of the Camunda BPM engine with the prototype generated from a MERODE domain model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background All aspects of our society, including the life sciences, need a mechanism for people working within them to represent the concepts they employ to carry out their research. For the information systems being designed and developed to support researchers and scientists in conducting their work, conceptual models of the relevant domains are usually designed as both blueprints for a system being developed and as a means of communication between the designer and developer. Most conceptual modelling concepts are generic in the sense that they are applied with the same understanding across many applications. Problems in the life sciences, however, are especially complex and important, because they deal with humans, their well-being, and their interactions with the environment as well as other organisms. Results This work proposes a “systemist” perspective for creating a conceptual model of a life scientist’s problem. We introduce the notion of a system and then show how it can be applied to the development of an information system for handling genomic-related information. We extend our discussion to show how the proposed systemist perspective can support the modelling of precision medicine. Conclusion This research recognizes challenges in life sciences research of how to model problems to better represent the connections between physical and digital worlds. We propose a new notation that explicitly incorporates systemist thinking, as well as the components of systems based on recent ontological foundations. The new notation captures important semantics in the domain of life sciences. It may be used to facilitate understanding, communication and problem-solving more broadly. We also provide a precise, sound, ontologically supported characterization of the term “system,” as a basic construct for conceptual modelling in life sciences.

Based on the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 agenda of the United Nations, affordable and clean energy is one of the most relevant goals to achieve the decarbonization targets and break down the global climate change effects. The use of renewable energy sources, namely, solar energy, is gaining attention and market share due to reductions in investment costs. Nevertheless, it is important to overcome the energy storage problems, mostly in industrial applications. The integration of photovoltaic power plants with hydrogen production and its storage for further conversion to usable electricity are an interesting option from both the technical and economic points of view. The main objective of this study is to analyse the potential for green hydrogen production and storage through PV production, based on technical data and operational considerations. We also present a conceptual model and the configuration of a PV power plant integrated with hydrogen production for industry supply. The proposed power plant configuration identifies different pathways to improve energy use: supply an industrial facility, supply the hydrogen production and storage unit, sell the energy surplus to the electrical grid and provide energy to a backup battery. One of the greatest challenges for the proposed model is the component sizing and water electrolysis process for hydrogen production due to the operational requirements and the technology costs.

This paper explores the concept of a holistic approach in preventing and responding to epidemics. Epidemics are defined as the occurrence of an illness or health-related event exceeding normal expectations within a specific community or region. Holism emphasizes viewing systems as a whole rather than a collection of parts. In the context of epidemics, a holistic approach considers not only medical interventions but also social, economic, psychological and environmental factors that influence disease transmission and management. The impact of climate change on epidemic response, the understanding of the significance of animal health and agriculture, the consideration of art, culture and societal factors, the exploration of the use of technology and innovation, the addressing of limitations in resources and the provision of enhanced support for the mental and emotional well-being of individuals and affected communities, are parts of this holistic approach. By integrating them, innovative practices as well as cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary techniques can be employed. Such an approach has the potential to enhance epidemic prevention and response strategies, ultimately contributing to positive public health outcomes.

Background: All aspects of our society, including the life sciences, need a mechanism for people working within them to represent the concepts they employ to carry out their research. For the information systems being designed and developed to support researchers and scientists in conducting their work, conceptual models of the relevant domains are usually designed as both blueprints for a system being developed and as a means of communication between the designer and developer. Most conceptual modelling concepts are generic in the sense that they are applied with the same understanding across many applications. Problems in the life sciences, however, are especially complex and important, because they deal with humans, their well-being, and their interactions with the environment as well as other organisms. Results: This work proposes a "systemist" perspective for creating a conceptual model of a life scientist's problem. We introduce the notion of a system and then show how it can be applied to the development of an information system for handling genomic-related information. We extend our discussion to show how the proposed systemist perspective can support the modelling of precision medicine. Conclusion: This research recognizes challenges in life sciences research of how to model problems to better represent the connections between physical and digital worlds. We propose a new notation that explicitly incorporates systemist thinking, as well as the components of systems based on recent ontological foundations. The new notation captures important semantics in the domain of life sciences. It may be used to facilitate understanding, communication and problem-solving more broadly. We also provide a precise, sound, ontologically supported characterization of the term "system," as a basic construct for conceptual modelling in life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compliance in business processes has become a fundamental requirement given the constant rise in regulatory requirements and competitive pressures that have emerged in recent decades. While in other areas of business process modelling and execution, considerable progress towards automation has been made (e.g., process discovery, executable process models), the interpretation and implementation of compliance requirements is still a highly complex task requiring human effort and time. To increase the level of “mechanization” when implementing regulations in business processes, compliance research seeks to formalize compliance requirements. Formal representations of compliance requirements should, then, be leveraged to design correct process models and, ideally, would also serve for the automated detection of violations. To formally specify compliance requirements, however, multiple process perspectives, such as control flow, data, time and resources, have to be considered. This leads to the challenge of representing such complex constraints which affect different process perspectives. To this end, current approaches in business process compliance make use of a varied set of languages. However, every approach has been devised based on different assumptions and motivating scenarios. In addition, these languages and their presentation usually abstract from real-world requirements which often would imply introducing a substantial amount of domain knowledge and interpretation, thus hampering the evaluation of their expressiveness. This is a serious problem, since comparisons of different formal languages based on real-world compliance requirements are lacking, meaning that users of such languages are not able to make informed decisions about which language to choose. To close this gap and to establish a uniform evaluation basis, we introduce a running example for evaluating the expressiveness and complexity of compliance rule languages. For language selection, we conducted a literature review. Next, we briefly introduce and demonstrate the languages’ grammars and vocabularies based on the representation of a number of legal requirements. In doing so, we pay attention to semantic subtleties which we evaluate by adopting a normative classification framework which differentiates between different deontic assignments. Finally, on top of that, we apply Halstead’s well-known metrics for calculating the relevant characteristics of the different languages in our comparison, such as the volume, difficulty and effort for each language. With this, we are finally able to better understand the lexical complexity of the languages in relation to their expressiveness. In sum, we provide a systematic comparison of different compliance rule languages based on real-world compliance requirements which may inform future users and developers of these languages. Finally, we advocate for a more user-aware development of compliance languages which should consider a trade off between expressiveness, complexity and usability.

Complex system development and maintenance face the challenge of dealing with different types of models due to language affordances, preferences, sizes, and so forth that involve interaction between users with different levels of proficiency. Current conceptual data modelling tools do not fully support these modes of working. It requires that the interaction between multiple models in multiple languages is clearly specified to ensure they keep their intended semantics, which is lacking in extant tools. The key objective is to devise a mechanism to support semantic interoperability in hybrid tools for multi-modal modelling in a plurality of paradigms, all within one system. We propose FaCIL, a framework for such hybrid modelling tools. We design and realise the framework FaCIL, which maps UML, ER and ORM2 into a common metamodel with rules that provide the central point for management among the models and that links to the formalisation and logic-based automated reasoning. FaCIL supports the ability to represent models in different formats while preserving their semantics, and several editing workflows are supported within the framework. It has a clear separation of concerns for typical conceptual modelling activities in an interoperable and extensible way. FaCIL structures and facilitates the interaction between visual and textual conceptual models, their formal specifications, and abstractions as well as tracking and propagating updates across all the representations. FaCIL is compared against the requirements, implemented in crowd 2.0, and assessed with a use case. The proof-of-concept implementation in the web-based modelling tool crowd 2.0 demonstrates its viability. The framework also meets the requirements and fully supports the use case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay revisits the long-standing debate concerning the sources for the underlying political beliefs and commitments held by the "founding generation," those colonists who came to the conclusion that separation from the mother country was necessary and inevitable. It uses a mixed mode of enquiry and analysis, blending standard close reading of texts with computer-aided inspection of the archive at scale. It seeks to clarify the extent to which a set of political assumptions and theories widely assumed to be gathered under the rubric of "republicanism" could have shaped the thinking of this founding generation. Given that the term "republicanism" was very infrequent until the last decade or so of the eighteenth century, the essay proposes ways of interrogating the historical formation of concepts for which no label can be easily discerned. Following the consideration of some candidate terms or phrases that might, at the time of the American Revolution, have effectively been hosts for the political idea of "republicanism," the essay arrives at the conclusion that the founding generation reimagined the role that "republicanism" had played in their thinking at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of modern technologies, autonomous or robotic construction sites are becoming a new reality in civil engineering. Despite various potential benefits of the automation of construction sites, there is still a lack of understanding of their complex nature combining physical and cyber components in one system. A typical approach to describing complex system structures is to use tools of abstract mathematics, which provide a high level of abstraction, allowing a formal description of the entire system while omitting non-essential details. Therefore, in this paper, autonomous construction is formalised using categorical ontology logs enhanced by abstract definitions of individual components of an autonomous construction system. In this context, followed by a brief introduction to category theory and ologs, exemplary algebraic definitions are given as a basis for the olog-based conceptual modelling of autonomous construction systems. As a result, any automated construction system can be described without providing exhausting detailed definitions of the system components. Existing ologs can be extended, contracted or revised to fit the given system or situation. To illustrate the descriptive capacity of ologs, a lattice of representations is presented. The main advantage of using the conceptual modelling approach presented in this paper is that any given real-world or engineering problem could be modelled with a mathematically sound background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model-Based Systems Engineers, particularly those moving from software to systems engineering, claim that SysML-like notations, which are symbolic two-dimensional diagrams made of boxes and lines, are domain-independent, thus very convenient to support the cross-functional design of a system architecture. However, the abstract diagramming syntax of MBSE notations makes their adoption difficult, especially by notational nonexperts, and using iconic graphics is one way of improvement. Very few studies attempted to replace 2D diagrams with immersive 3D visuals without objective evidence. We assume that it is due to a lack of quality criteria to compare 2D diagrams with 3D visuals. This paper will argue that human-centric 3D visuals should replace MBSE diagrams where appropriate. A new human-centric MBSE modelling environment motivates the adoption of interactive and immersive 3D visuals to facilitate communication and participation in multidisciplinary co-design activities from mission to concept definition. Our claim is not supported by measured evidence, but a functional demonstrator provides observed evidence and, compared to existing studies, we discuss our proposal based on the Physics of Notation. Future studies will concentrate on the modelling of the behavioural and structural views and the definition of criteria to validate the human-centric MBSE modelling environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compliance in business processes has become a fundamental requirement given the constant rise in regulatory requirements and competitive pressures that have emerged in recent decades. While in other areas of business process modelling and execution, considerable progress towards automation has been made (e.g., process discovery, executable process models), the interpretation and implementation of compliance requirements is still a highly complex task requiring human effort and time. To increase the level of "mechanization" when implementing regulations in business processes, compliance research seeks to formalize compliance requirements. Formal representations of compliance requirements should, then, be leveraged to design correct process models and, ideally, would also serve for the automated detection of violations. To formally specify compliance requirements, however, multiple process perspectives, such as control flow, data, time and resources, have to be considered. This leads to the challenge of representing such complex constraints which affect different process perspectives. To this end, current approaches in business process compliance make use of a varied set of languages. However, every approach has been devised based on different assumptions and motivating scenarios. In addition, these languages and their presentation usually abstract from real-world requirements which often would imply introducing a substantial amount of domain knowledge and interpretation, thus hampering the evaluation of their expressiveness. This is a serious problem, since comparisons of different formal languages based on real-world compliance requirements are lacking, meaning that users of such languages are not able to make informed decisions about which language to choose. To close this gap and to establish a uniform evaluation basis, we introduce a running example for evaluating the expressiveness and complexity of compliance rule languages. For language selection, we conducted a literature review. Next, we briefly introduce and demonstrate the languages' grammars and vocabularies based on the representation of a number of legal requirements. In doing so, we pay attention to semantic subtleties which we evaluate by adopting a normative classification framework which differentiates between different deontic assignments. Finally, on top of that, we apply Halstead's well-known metrics for calculating the relevant characteristics of the different languages in our comparison, such as the volume, difficulty and effort for each language. With this, we are finally able to better understand the lexical complexity of the languages in relation to their expressiveness. In sum, we provide a systematic comparison of different compliance rule languages based on real-world compliance requirements which may inform future users and developers of these languages. Finally, we advocate for a more user-aware development of compliance languages which should consider a trade off between expressiveness, complexity and usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]