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The large Chalcolithic ditched enclosure of Camino de las Yeseras has a number of animal deposits among its numerous features, located in strategic places within the site. The objective of this chapter is to discuss two bovine crania deposits dated to the third millennium BC from a spatial, stratigraphic, and taphonomic perspective, as well as their contextual characteristics. These deposits were placed at strategic locations within the site; the first is near an entrance to a ditched enclosure and the other is possibly related to Bell Beaker features. There is evidence that each of these crania were treated differently. Both were accompanied by a series of artifacts alongside selected anatomical parts from other taxa. Since both deposits represent unique events in time and space, they reveal sequences with a high symbolic value and emphasize the fact that bovines played a relevant role in both the subsistence and symbolic sphere of Camino de las Yeseras and the Chalcolithic communities in central Iberia in general.

Empathy deficits have been proposed to be an important factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV perpetrators have shown a differential change in salivary oxytocin (sOXT), testosterone (sT), and cortisol (sC), following empathic and stress tasks, compared to non-violent men. However, the influence of empathic deficits in those hormones after an emotion-induction task in IPV perpetrators remains unclear. We analyzed the effects of an empathic induction task on endogenous sOXT, sT and sC levels, as well as their hormonal ratios, in IPV perpetrators (n = 12), and compared them to controls (n = 12). Additionally, we explored the predictive capacity of empathy-related functions (measured with the interpersonal reactivity index) in the hormonal responses to the task. IPV perpetrators presented lower sOXT changes and higher total sT levels than controls after the task, lower sOXT/T change and total sOXT/T levels, as well as higher total sT/C levels. Notably, for all participants, the lower the perspective taking score, the lower the total sOXT levels and sOXT changes and the higher the sT changes were. Low perspective taking also predicted smaller sOXT/T and sOXT/C changes in the empathic induction task, and higher total sT/C levels for all participants. Therefore, our results could contribute to furthering our ability to focus on new therapeutic targets, increasing the effectiveness of intervention programs and helping to reduce IPV recidivism in the medium term.

La investigación estudia de una forma global la organización regional desde sus orígenes, a comienzos de los años setenta hasta el año 2008, cuando desaparece el Centro Territorial de TVE enMadrid para convertirse en un área de los servicios informativos centrales enMadrid, con sede en Torrespaña. Estudiamos cómo se fue gestando la red de los Centros Territoriales o Regionales de TVE, que, en el franquismo, se llamaron “unidades móviles regionales” para evitar cualquier reivindicación regionalista. Se llamaban así porque cada centro regional contaba sobre el papel con una unidad móvil. La incipiente programación regional de TVE, incluida como una cuestión de Estado, en el II Plan de Desarrollo, se convirtió así en un instrumento más del aparato de propaganda franquista en un Estado fuertemente centralizado. Esta red regional de TVE se completó en 1989 con la inauguración de los dos últimos Centros que quedaban pendientes, el de Castilla-La Mancha, en Toledo, y el de Extremadura, con sede en Mérida, un acontecimiento que llegaba veinte años después de la aprobación de los Centros de Oviedo, Bilbao, Sevilla, Valencia y Santiago de Compostela, los primeros centros regionales o territoriales de TVE. Este proceso no fue fácil y lo hemos abordado de una forma integradora, abarcando los aspectos legales, laborales y los estrictamente funcionales u organizativos de TVE, la televisión pública española...

El trabajo da a conocer una reducida ocupación del Hierro Antiguo localizada en la vega baja del Henares. Representa la última etapa de un “poblado de hoyos” instalado a finales del Neolítico. La arquitectura de esta última fase compagina las subestructuras de hoyos similares a los de las etapas precedentes con las cabañas aéreas de perfil rectilíneo sustentadas por postes leñosos. Este tipo de instalaciones son conocidas en yacimientos coetáneos de distintas regiones de Europa Occidental e interpretadas como granjas. Entre los restos muebles que ha entregado destaca un lote de pequeños recipientes de cuidada decoración realizada con incisión y pintura postcocción.

Introduction Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives To develop a clinical guide on OIT based on the available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. Methods A review was made of studies published in the period between 1984 and June 2016, Doctoral Theses published in Spain, and summaries of communications at congresses (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, AAAAI), with evaluation of the opinion consensus established by a group of experts pertaining to the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. Results Recommendations have been established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of suffering adverse reactions. Conclusions A clinical practice guide is presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg, based on the opinion consensus of Spanish experts.

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean., J.M.F., F.J.L.-C., J.I.M., F.X.O., J.D., and M.S.B. were supported by HAR2017-86509-P, HAR2017-87695-P, and SGR2017-11 from the Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR agency. C.L.-F. was supported by Obra Social La Caixa and by FEDER-MINECO (BFU2015- 64699-P). L.B.d.L.E. was supported by REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (Plan Nacional I+D+I, MINECO). C.L., P.R., and C.Bl. were supported by MINECO (HAR2016-77600-P). A.Esp., J.V.-V., G.D., and D.C.S.-G. were supported by MINECO (HAR2009-10105 and HAR2013-43851-P). D.J.K. and B.J.C. were supported by NSF BCS-1460367. K.T.L., A.W., and J.M. were supported by NSF BCS-1153568. J.F.-E. and J.A.M.-A. were supported by IT622-13 Gobierno Vasco, Diputación Foral de Álava, and Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa. We acknowledge support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014) and the FEDER-COMPETE 2020 project 016899. P.S. was supported by the FCT Investigator Program (IF/01641/2013), FCT IP, and ERDF (COMPETE2020 – POCI). M.Si. and K.D. were supported by a Leverhulme Trust Doctoral Scholarship awarded to M.B.R. and M.P. D.R. was supported by an Allen Discovery Center grant from the Paul Allen Foundation, NIH grant GM100233, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. V.V.-M. and W.H. were supported by the Max Planck Society.

Generalmente, los estudios realizados sobre víctimas de violencia de pareja (VP) se han centrado en investigar el impacto de dicha violencia sobre la salud de las mujeres y, más concretamente, sobre su salud mental, obteniéndose que las víctimas presentan un peor estado de salud frente a las no víctimas. Consecuentemente, el daño psíquico encontrado ha sido utilizado también como un medidor de la gravedad de la violencia sufrida. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue comprobar si las mujeres presentaban distintos perfiles de deterioro en su salud mental en función del tipo de violencia sufrida. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con 108 mujeres víctimas de VP que fueron divididas en tres grupos: sin síntomas (n=30), con depresión (n=50), con depresión y Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) (n=28). Los análisis estadísticos realizados establecieron que el desarrollo de depresión, depresión/TEPT o el no padecer síntomas de estos trastornos no se asociaba al tipo de violencia sufrida (física, psicológica y/o sexual) al aportar datos estadísticamente no significativos. Estos resultados indican que las mujeres víctimas no conforman un grupo homogéneo entre ellas, apuntando que no debiera utilizarse únicamente el deterioro presentado en su salud mental como la variable que valore la gravedad de la violencia sufrida

The lberian Península provides an excellent context in which to assess the final impact of population movements entering the European continent from the east as well as prehistoric and historie connections with North Africa. We report new genome-wide data from 271 ancient individuals from Iberia, providing the most comprehensive genetic time transect of any world region over the last 8,000 years. We document population structure in the peninsula's hunter-gatherers, with northwestern but not southeastern individuals showing increased genetic affinity to central European hunter-gatherers in the centuries befare the arrival of farmers. We provide evidence of sporadic contacts from North Africa beginning at least -4,500 years ago, and by -4,000 years ago the replacement of -40% of the autosomal ancestry and 100% of the Y-chromosomes of Bronze Age groups by migrants ultimately originating in the steppe. From the lron Age, we report genome-wide data from individuals excavated in non-lndo-European speaking regions and show that they were genetically similar to contemporaries from an lndo-European-speaking region in harboring substantial proportions of steppe ancestry. With the exception of Basques who remain broadly similar to lron Age populations, during the past 2,500 years lberian populations were affected by additional gene-flow from the central/eastern Mediterranean region, probably associated with the Roman conques!, and from North Africa during the period of Muslim rule but also in earlier periods. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

Recent studies have highlighted the dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and its end products, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. These studies analyzed several coping styles, but they neglected to examine the use of violent strategies to confront IPV and the way these strategies affect HPA functioning. This latter proposal would be based on the gender symmetry model of IPV, which sustains that IPV is generally symmetrical, but that women’s violence tends to be a reaction to male violence. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to examine whether women’s violent reactions to IPV would significantly predict salivary cortisol and DHEA levels, as well as the cortisol/DHEA ratio (assessed through two saliva samples per day on four consecutive work days), controlling for the women’s prior IPV abuse, psychopathology, and demographic variables. Our data demonstrated that, specifically, psychological confrontation strategies predicted vespertine cortisol levels (adj R2 = .18, β = .447, p < .01) and the cortisol/DHEA ratio (adj R2 = .08, β = .322, p < .05), even after controlling several confounding variables, whereas physical and total confrontation in response to IPV did not predict these hormonal parameters.

The paper analyzes the Bell Beaker graves with female burials from three sites located near one another in the region of Madrid. The study addresses the female presence within contexts that have traditionally been considered mainly male. The variability of their grave goods and burial rituals and their identification in primary and secondary, single or collective inhumations, is also analyzed. Their associations with male adult individuals and/ or children are reviewed, and the social role of women buried with daggers in significant graves is discussed. Although the sample is quantitatively insufficient, its variability at least allows us to refute previons claims about the numerical superiority of male graves that have been made without any empirical support. We conclude with a discussion of why there are fewer women in Bell Beaker tombs than in contemporaneous tombs without Bell Beakers., El trabajo analiza las tumbas campaniformes con inhumaciones femeninas de tres yacimientos próximos entre sí localizados en la región de Madrid, destacando su presencia en unos contextos que tradicionalmente se han considerado básicamente masculinos. Se registra también la variabilidad de estos contextos, en sus ajuares y en los rituales de inhumación, sean individuales o colectivos y en posiciones primarias o secundarias. Así mismo, se revisan sus asociaciones a individuos masculinos adultos y /o a infantiles, y se discute la asociación de mujeres en tumbas relevantes con puñales. Aunque la muestra es cuantitativamente insuficiente, la variedad del registro nos permite, al menos, desmontar ciertas afirmaciones que se han venido repitiendo sin ningún apoyo empírico sobre la rotunda superioridad numérica de tumbas campaniformes con inhumaciones masculinas. Pero más allá de la recopilación de estos datos es importante reflexionar sobre el porqué de la menor presencia de mujeres con respecto a los hombres en las manifestaciones funerarias de los grupos campaniformes cuando en las tumbas coetáneas no campaniformes es precisamente la mujer la que suele estar mejor representada.

Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character. Concerning research in the Alto Ribatejo, authors wish to thank Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia the support of research on the dawn of farming in the Tagus valley (project “Moving Tasks Accross Shapes” – PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4356/2014), as well as the Geosciences Centre of Coimbra University (strategic project UID/Multi/00073/2013). This study was funded by the German Research Foundation (Grant no. Al 287/14–1).

Introduction Cow's milk and egg are the most frequent causes of food allergy in the first years of life. Treatments such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been investigated as an alternative to avoidance diets. No clinical practice guides on the management of OIT with milk and egg are currently available. Objectives To develop a clinical guide on OIT based on the available scientific evidence and the opinions of experts. Methods A review was made of studies published in the period between 1984 and June 2016, Doctoral Theses published in Spain, and summaries of communications at congresses (SEAIC, SEICAP, EAACI, AAAAI), with evaluation of the opinion consensus established by a group of experts pertaining to the scientific societies SEICAP and SEAIC. Results Recommendations have been established regarding the indications, requirements and practical aspects of the different phases of OIT, as well as special protocols for patients at high risk of suffering adverse reactions. Conclusions A clinical practice guide is presented for the management of OIT with milk and egg, based on the opinion consensus of Spanish experts.

En el presente trabajo reflexionamos sobre diferentes aspectos relacionados con la violencia intergrupal o interpersonal durante el Calcolítico peninsular a través de algunas evidencias arqueológicas, además de presentar otros registros antropológicos inéditos. Especial atención merecen una serie de lesiones en hueso causadas por actos violentos que han sido documentadas en dos yacimientos calcolíticos madrileños, como son Camino de las Yeseras y Humanejos y al que se le añade otro posible caso encontrado en la necrópolis de Ciempozuelos. Del primer yacimiento se valoran diferentes registros en una fosa con una inhumación múltiple que acoge a un posible grupo familiar asociado a numerosas puntas de flecha y cuya causa de muerte pudo estar en relación con un episodio violento. Mucho más evidentes son las lesiones que presentan otros dos varones campaniformes: un individuo madurosenil de Camino de las Yeseras con una fractura y acusada desviación de los nasales que podría ser un indicio de un enfrentamiento interpersonal, mientras que otro varón adulto de Humanejos fue víctima de un contundente golpe en el frontal ante mortem, posiblemente golpeado con una azuela o hachita de cobre. Estos casos permiten intuir la existencia de conflictos inter o intragrupales más o menos organizados. Por otra parte se justifica la construcción de defensas arquitectónicas en una serie de yacimientos peninsulares, las cuales están asociadas a un considerable número de puntas de proyectil localizadas en sus accesos, tramos de murallas y en talleres próximos a ellas. Durante el Calcolítico, la necesidad de garantizar la seguridad de estas comunidades prehistóricas hace que la producción de las puntas en sílex y posteriormente en metal (Palmela) sean un recurso armamentístico de primer rango, siendo secundario su empleo en las actividades cinegéticas, como quedan avalados por los estudios arqueofaunísticos. También se discute el empleo de útiles habituales recuperados en los horizontes habitacionales como testimonios de actos de violencia, muy probablemente, surgidos por las propias desavenencias cotidianas o intergrupales. Todos estos procesos desembocan en el surgimiento de panoplias armamentísticas en el horizonte campaniforme en el que, aunque con discutida funcionalidad, su exhibición y amortización en las tumbas se hace muy patente, This study focuses on aspects related to interpersonal or intergroup violence during the Iberian Chalcolithic by discussing some archaeological evidences which have not been thoroughly evaluated to date. Particular attention is given to a series of injuries observed in some burials, which in the light of recent anthropological and paleopathological studies are becoming more numerous and diverse. Besides reviewing some papers and proposals on bone injuries resulting from acts of violence, new documented evidences are offered from the study of two Chalcolithic burials in Madrid: Camino de las Yeseras and Humanejos and related to an old one from the cemetery of Ciempozuelos. In the first of these sites, a multiple inhumation in a pit has been documented. It contains a possible family group associated with flint arrow heads intermingled with the skeletons and they seem to be related to the violent death of the group in a short space of time. Far more striking are the injuries found on two Bell Beaker males, one of them from Camino de las Yeseras, a senile with broken and deviated nasal bones, probably due to an interpersonal conflict. The second example, from Humanejos, is a 30 year old male who was a victim of a major traumatic injury to the forehead ante mortem. It was possibly caused by a copper adze or small axe, due to a face-to-face conflict. Both cases seem to suggest that, interpersonal or intergroup violence during the Iberian Chalcolithic is not infrequent. Also the archaeological record is revealing the existence of defensive architectures in several sites, where a considerable amount of arrow heads have been recovered in entrances, walls and workshops. These circumstances and the increase of arrow heads also in some ditched enclosures could explain their productions as primary defensive and offensive artefacts and later on the emergence of the first copper Palmela arrow heads in Iberia. Otherwise, as the archaeozoological studies of some chalcolithic sites reveal, that the increasing frequency of the flint arrow heads productions are not necessarily related to the rise of hunting activities during the 3rd millennium. It is also discussed the use of some metal tools as weapons during the Bell Beaker horizon as they only appear in household contexts and the functionality of some of the Beaker “package” items from tombs as weapons

Objectives To analyse the individual differences in the impact that intimate male partner violence (IPV) has on a woman's depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and to determine the association of the different profiles of mental dysfunction with cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) basal saliva levels as well as physical health symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in which IPV victims (n=73) and control non-abused (n=31) women participated. Information was obtained through structured interviews and saliva samples were collected for hormonal assays under baseline conditions. Results There were three profiles of mental symptoms in IPV subjects: no symptoms (n=19); with depressive symptoms (n=36), and depressive/PTSD symptom (n=18). None of the non-abused women had depressive or PTSD symptoms. The stress hormone response differed between groups. Only the IPV-depressive group had higher evening cortisol, and both morning and evening DHEA, but lower morning cortisol/DHEA ratio than non-abused women. Furthermore, there were differences between the IPV groups. The IPV-depressive group had lower morning cortisol and morning cortisol/DHEA ratio than the IPV-no symptoms and lower morning cortisol/DHEA ratio than the IPV-depressive/PTSD group. With respect to the physical symptoms there was an association between the mean of symptoms and the profile of mental health, the incidence being higher in the depressive/PTSD group than in the other groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates that there are individual differences in the impact that IPV has on the stress response and health status in women victims.

Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were genetically similar to contemporary populations in continental Europe and in particular to Neolithic Iberians, suggesting that a portion of the farmer ancestry in Britain came from the Mediterranean rather than the Danubian route of farming expansion. Beginning with the Beaker period, and continuing through the Bronze Age, all British individuals harboured high proportions of Steppe ancestry and were genetically closely related to Beaker-associated individuals from the Lower Rhine area. We use these observations to show that the spread of the Beaker Complex to Britain was mediated by migration from the continent that replaced >90% of Britain’s Neolithic gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the process that brought Steppe ancestry into central and northern Europe 400 years earlier.

Background Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the negative impact that intimate partner violence (IPV) has on the physical health of women. However, longitudinal studies are needed to establish the time course of this effect. This study assessed the physical health course of female IPV victims and established the factors that enhance or impede their recovery. Methods Women ( n = 91) who participated in a previous cross-sectional study (T-1) and were either victims of physical/psychological IPV ( n = 33) or psychological IPV ( n = 23) were evaluated 3 years later (T-2). A control group of women ( n = 35) was included for comparison. Structured interviews provided information regarding IPV characteristics, physical health, and lifestyle. Findings Physical symptoms decreased over time for both groups of abused women. Factors that contributed to this improvement were perception of social support and the cessation of physical IPV. Factors that impaired recovery included cohabitation with the aggressor, victimization experiences at T-2, negative perceptions of life events, and continuing psychological IPV. Conclusions This study shows that physical health improvement is possible in female victims of IPV, but that continuing psychological IPV hinders recovery. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the factors that best predict health recovery in female IPV victims to design effective intervention programs.

This paper present a first approach to the Calcolithic settlement of “Camino de las Yeseras” in which a third millenium BC occupation has been documented. During the transition to the second millenium BC, Bell Beaker groups appear in the sequence. They exploit new lithic resources, adapt their domestic stock for increased mobility, and practice new diversified funerary rituals in the settlement. The temporal framework is supported by a sequence of many C14 and TL dates. El trabajo ofrece una primera aproximación al Yacimiento Calcolítico de Camino de Las Yeseras donde se ha documentado una ocupación a lo largo del III milenio que, en el tránsito al II milenio AC, acoge a grupos poseedores de cerámica campaniforme que renuevan los equipos materiales con la explotación de nuevos recursos líticos, adaptan su cabaña a una mejor movilidad y practican rituales funerarios diversificados dentro del poblado. El marco temporal se avala con una importante secuencia de dataciones de C14 y TL, plenamente coincidentes. &nbsp

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of lifetime physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence (IPV) on the mental health of women, after controlling for the contribution of lifetime victimization. The comorbidity of depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their relation to state anxiety and suicide were also assessed. Methods: Physically/psychologically (n 75) and psychologically abused women (n 55) were compared with nonabused control women (n 52). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime victimization, and mental health status (depressive and state anxiety symptoms, PTSD, and suicide) was obtained through face-to-face structured interviews. Results: Women exposed to physical/psychological and psychological IPV had a higher incidence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, PTSD, and thoughts of suicide than control women, with no differences between the two abused groups. The concomitance of sexual violence was associated with a higher severity of depressive symptoms in both abused groups and a higher incidence of suicide attempts in the physically/psychologically abused group. The incidence of PTSD alone was very rare, and depressive symptoms were either alone or comorbid with PTSD. The severity of state anxiety was higher in abused women with depressive symptoms or comorbidity, as was the incidence of suicidal thoughts in the physically/psychologically abused group. Lifetime victimization was not a predictor of the deterioration of mental health in this study. Conclusions: These findings indicate that psychological IPV is as detrimental as physical IPV, with the exception of effects on suicidality, which emphasizes that psychological IPV should be considered a major type of violence by all professionals involved. Este es un artículo ampliamente citado internacionalmente respeto a violencia de pareja y consecuencias en la salud de las mujeres.

This article contains a progress report on the sedimentological studies on ditched enclosures 4 and 6 from the Chalcolithic site of 'Camino de Las Yeseras’ (Madrid, Spain). Due to the natural features on which the site stands, and using different analyses (particle size, texture, x-ray diffraction, and other physico-chemical studies), we were able to differentiate natural fillings from those anthropogenic in origin and, at the same time, establish theevolution of these structures’ infilling. In this contribution we want to emphasize that the use of sedimentological techniques is essential when interpreting the use and clogging dynamics within the boundaries of ditched enclosures.

El artículo da a conocer una fosa de enterramiento múltiple localizada en Humanejos (Parla, Madrid), un gran poblado de “silos” Calcolítico. Una primera parte se dedica al estudio antropológico y paleopatológico de ocho individuos inhumados en dos niveles. Los seis del nivel inferior pertenecen posiblemente a un mismo grupo familiar. En una segunda parte, a través del estudio tafonómico, se reconstruye la secuencia de inhumación que, a juzgar por el desplazamiento parcial de uno de los cuerpos, se realizó, al menos, en tres momentos diferentes. Los gestos de colocación y traslado estuvieron orientados a reproducir una escenografía dedicada a destacar los roles desempeñados por algunos de los miembros del grupo, This contribution presents a multiple burial in pit from Humanejos site, a large Chalcolithic settlement located in Parla, Madrid. The first part deals with the anthropological and palaeopathological study of eight indivials buried in two stratigraphic levels. The six individuals from the lower level may belong to the same family. In a second part the taphonomic study reconstruct the sequence burial. This analysis shows that -given to the partial displacement of one of the bodies-, the burial took place at least three different times. Placement gestures and movements could be aimed to reproduce a scene dedicated to highlight the roles played by some of the group members, El trabajo ha sido realizado dentro del Proyecto: Las sociedades calcolíticas y su marco temporal en la región de Madrid. Una revisión a la luz de nuevos datos. Referencia: Plan Nacional I+D+i 2008-2011 HAR 2011-28731

Intimate male partner violence against women has been recognized as an important public health problem, with a high impact on women’s mental health, including depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, fathers who have been involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) have an increased probability of being violent toward their children. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the mental health status of abused women, their partner’s violence toward the children, and their maternal behavior.

El trabajo aborda la problematica del Campaniforme como un fenomeno bisagra entre el Calcolitico y la Edad del Bronce, particularmente en el centro peninsular, donde las dataciones obtenidas confirman su implantacion desde mediados del III milenio a. C. en convivencia con grupos Calcoliticos peninsulares y se prolonga, en su modalidad de estilo Ciempozuelos, hasta el final del primer cuarto del II milenio a. C. como un fenomeno paralelo al surgimiento de las primeras comunidades de la Edad del Bronce en la zona, lo que puede explicar ciertos paralelos tipologicos y sociales entre algunas manifestaciones del Bronce Antiguo y los ultimos campaniformes.Palabras clave: Calcolitico, Campaniforme, Edad del Bronce, cronologia, carbono 14.SummaryThis paper raises the problem of Bell Beaker horizon as a phenomenon hinge between the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. Particularly in the center of the Iberian Peninsula where dating obtained confirm its implementation since the midthird millennium, in coexistence with Chalcolithic groups. The presence of these Bell Beaker groups extends –with Ciempozuelos style, until the end of the first quarter of the second millennium, as a parallel phenomenon to the emergence of the first communities in the Bronze Age in this area. It could explain similarities between objects and social manifestations of the Bronze Age and the last Bell Beakers.Keywords: Chalcolithic, Bell beaker. Bronze Age, chronology, 14C dating.

El trabajo da a conocer los resultados de recientes analisis realizados a diferentes componentes de los ajuares de enterramientos calcoliticos, especialmente campaniformes, de la region de Madrid. Con esta informacion, a parte de la clasica panoplia donada en los registros funerarios, otras entregas menos estudiadas evidencian con mayor rotundidad la capacidad adquisitiva y de control que determinados personajes pudieron tener sobre algunos recursos. Ademas del cobre y el oro, sobre los que ya se ha llamado la atencion, el marfil y el cinabrio se perfilan como materias especialmente recurrentes en los registros funerarios campaniformes ricos. Su reiterada presencia indica que, aparte de controlar sus vias de distribucion, se amplia el valor simbolico y de prestigio de los ajuares y los ritos de una elite cuyo poder adquiere aun mas fuerza de la que se hasta ahora se le habia asignado a partir de su clasica panoplia funeraria asociada.

Background It is well established that intimate male partner violence (IPV) has a high impact on women's mental health. It is necessary to further investigate this impact longitudinally to assess the factors that contribute to its recovery or deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess the course of depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicidal behavior over a three-year follow-up in female victims of IPV. Methods Women (n = 91) who participated in our previous cross-sectional study, and who had been either physically/psychologically (n = 33) or psychologically abused (n = 23) by their male partners, were evaluated three years later. A nonabused control group of women (n = 35) was included for comparison. Information about mental health status and lifestyle variables was obtained through face-to-face structured interviews. Results Results of the follow-up study indicated that while women exposed to physical/psychological IPV recovered their mental health status with a significant decrease in depressive, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, no recovery occurred in women exposed to psychological IPV alone. The evolution of IPV was also different: while it continued across both time points in 65.21% of psychologically abused women, it continued in only 12.12% of physically/psychologically abused women while it was reduced to psychological IPV in 51.5%. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that cessation of physical IPV and perceived social support contributed to mental health recovery, while a high perception of lifetime events predicted the continuation of PTSD symptoms. Conclusion This study shows that the pattern of mental health recovery depends on the type of IPV that the women had been exposed to. While those experiencing physical/psychological IPV have a higher likelihood of undergoing a cessation or reduction of IPV over time and, therefore, could recover, women exposed to psychological IPV alone have a high probability of continued exposure to the same type of IPV with a low possibility of recovery. Thus, women exposed to psychological IPV alone need more help to escape from IPV and to recuperate their mental health. Longitudinal studies are needed to improve knowledge of factors promoting or impeding health recovery to guide the formulation of policy at individual, social and criminal justice levels.

Objectives: To assess the course of immune control over Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) through three salivary measures: neutralization of HSV-1, levels of specific antibody against HSV-1 (HSV-1-sIgA) and total immunoglobulin A (total sIgA), and to determine the factors that contribute to its recovery or deterioration. Several studies have demonstrated that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects immune responses in women, but none have investigated the impact longitudinally over time. Methods: Women (n = 60), who participated in our previous cross-sectional study (T-1) and who had been either physically/psychologically (n = 22) or psychologically abused (n = 14) by their partners, were evaluated 3 years later (T-2). A control group of women (n = 24) was included for comparison. Saliva samples were collected twice a day (8 AM-9 AM, and 8 PM-9 PM) on 2 days spaced 2 weeks apart. Information about psychological and lifestyle variables was obtained by structured interviews. Results: Physically/psychologically abused women had a significant improvement in both the capacity to neutralize HSV-1 and HSV-sIgA levels, and at T-2 the capacity of their saliva to inhibit virus was no longer different from the other two groups. Regression analysis indicated that the cessation of physical IPV was the main predictor of this recovery. Conclusions: This study shows that recovery of immune control over HSV-1 is possible in women who had been exposed to physical/psychological IPV despite an initially low antiviral capacity. Other longitudinal studies are needed to determine which factors best predict the restoration of physical and emotional well-being in order to design more effective intervention programs. Language: en

Human aggression is considered a global public health problem with a tremendous impact on the victims. Scientists studying this behaviour can contribute to reducing this worldwide problem by identifying its causes and designing preventive interventions and treatment. Those working on its biological bases need to establish which types of human aggression may be candidates for a biological intervention, which makes it necessary to develop a typology of this behaviour. Considering the primary goal that guides the perpetrator to behave aggressively, a distinction is made between impulsive and premeditated types. However, to control aggression, the distinction should be made between individuals instead of acts of aggression. Thus, research is being conducted to find biological markers that could identify those individuals who are at risk of behaving aggressively and in which way. The information obtained from biological studies should form a whole with that proceeding from other disciplines, such as psychology and sociology, in order to build a complete multidisciplinary picture of specific subtypes of offenders. Finally, this knowledge needs to be conveyed to policymakers, practitioners and the public in general so as to work together to develop effective strategies to address this human problem.

Human aggression is considered a global public health problem with a tremendous impact on the victims. Scientists studying this behaviour can contribute to reducing this worldwide problem by identifying its causes and designing preventive interventions and treatment. Those working on its biological bases need to establish which types of human aggression may be candidates for a biological intervention, which makes it necessary to develop a typology of this behaviour. Considering the primary goal that guides the perpetrator to behave aggressively, a distinction is made between impulsive and premeditated types. However, to control aggression, the distinction should be made between individuals instead of acts of aggression. Thus, research is being conducted to find biological markers that could identify those individuals who are at risk of behaving aggressively and in which way. The information obtained from biological studies should form a whole with that proceeding from other disciplines, such as psychology and sociology, in order to build a complete multidisciplinary picture of specific subtypes of offenders. Finally, this knowledge needs to be conveyed to policymakers, practitioners and the public in general so as to work together to develop effective strategies to address this human problem.

There have been many studies on the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women's health, there being agreement on its detrimental effect. Research has focused mainly on the impact of physical violence on health, with few studies assessing the effect of sexual and psychological violence. Furthermore, there are many differences in the way violence experienced by women is assessed. While some researchers use available instruments, others develop their own questionnaires. This article gives detailed information about physical, sexual, and psychological violence, lifetime history of women's victimization, and aspects of women's behavior and feelings obtained with the questionnaire used in a Spanish cross-sectional study. Our results corroborate that IPV is not homogeneous, it being necessary to ask women about each type of violence they have experienced. Furthermore, to accurately assess the impact of IPV on women's health, it is necessary to control for other variables that also have detrimental effects on health.

La hemodiálisis puede generar inestabilidad hemodinámica, desencadenando episodios de hipotensión, algunos sintomáticos. La función HASTE del monitor Colin, permite la monitorización no invasiva y continuada de la TA mediante un algoritmo de cálculo, para el cual precisa la señal del ECG y la onda de saturación de O2. Con los objetivos de validar la toma de TA mediante el monitor Colin y demostrar la capacidad de detección de hipotensión presintomática mediante la función HASTE, se realiza un estudio descriptivo longitudinal, durante 4 semanas. Para validar el monitor Colin se comparó la TA tomada cada 30 minutos en pacientes en HD con el monitor y con el método convencional (aparato de tensión automática). Para demostrar la capacidad de detección de hipotensión presintomática mediante la función HASTE y la disminución de hipotensión sintomática mediante una actuación precoz, elegimos pacientes que presentaban una TA inferior o igual a100 / 50 mmHg en un 30 % de las HD efectuadas durante los 2 meses previos. Se hallaron 57 episodios de hipotensión sintomática, 27 episodios en el período convencional y 30 episodios durante el período Colin, sin hallarse diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos métodos. Las hipotensiones sintomáticas durante el período Colin tienen una media TA sistólica 91,03 mmHg y TA diastólica de 51,1 mmHg. Con el método convencional se registraron 237 medidas de TA sistólica inferiores a los límites establecidos, con una media de 89,09 mmHg y 87 medidas de TA diastólica con una media de 45,36 mmHg. Por tanto, no hay diferencia estadística significativa en la toma de la TA entre ambos aparatos y se observan más número de registros de TA por debajo de los límites establecidos en el período Colin por la monitorización continua a través de la función HASTE. Las hipotensiones sintomáticas registradas durante el período convencional son más acusadas requiriendo un mayor número de intervenciones de enfermería.

En el presente trabajo se exponen los principales hallazgos documentados en un "fondo" geminado del yacimiento de La Edad del Bronce de La Fabrica de Ladrillos. Mientras que los restos ceramicos - caracteristicos del horizonte Protocogotas- parecen corresponderse con materiales amortizados, posiblemente empleados como material de sellado del conjunto depositado y el material litico- fundamentalmente piezas amortizadas- tambien es escaso, aunque variado en su procedencia, los restos de fauna son muy abundantes y estan bien conservados. En el conjunto recuperado priman porciones articuladas del esqueleto axial y apendicular de, al menos, cinco ejemplares jovenes de vacuno que parecen indicar el uso de este taxon en aspectos que trascienden mas alla de su tradicional empleo en la obtencion de productos primarios y secundarios