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Pollen-based vegetation, biodiversity, and biome reconstructions over the last 15,500 years from sediment core data at Mbi Crater in the Cameroon highlands (6.089273° N, 10.348549° E; 2015 m above sea level) are used to discuss the behavior of the lower edge of the Afromontane forest facing climate change. The data reveal that the post-glacial forest change gradually happened at Mbi and that the forest-wooded grassland ecotone was highly influenced by the climate variability related to the North Atlantic. The forest disruption and diversity loss intermittently occurred over the whole period, and their vegetation changes temporally match dry-cold events at the northern latitudes during the Younger Dryas, at 9.5–9.1 ka, 8.6–8.0 ka, 6.7–6.0 ka, 3.2 ka, and during the Little Ice Age (LIA). During the LIA, the mountain forest was subject to unprecedented levels of disturbance at all altitudes, unlike the seasonal lowland forests, which appears to have been only marginally affected.

International audience; While the emergence of the Acheulean is well documented in East Africa at ~1.7 Ma, subsequent developments are less well understood and to some extent controversial. Here, we provide robust evidence regarding the time period between 1.6 Ma and 1.2 Ma, based on an interdisciplinary approach to the stratigraphic sequences exposed in the Gombore gully of Melka Kunture, in the upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia. Throughout the Pleistocene, the environment differed significantly from elsewhere in Africa because of the elevation at 2000 m asl, the cooler and rainy climate, the Afromontane vegetation, the development of endemic animal species, and the recurrent impact of volcanic activity. At Gombore IB, dated ~1.6 Ma, remains of Homo erectus/ergaster have been discovered, associated with a rich early Acheulean assemblage. The techno-typological analysis of the lithic record from Gombore Iγ (~1.4 Ma) and Gombore Iδ (~1.3 Ma), where substantial areas have been excavated, and the contrasting evidence from Gombore OAM Test Pit C (~1.2 Ma), suggest that the scarcity or lack of large flakes and large cutting tools at the two earlier sites is possibly not just the outcome of sampling bias, but rather of the adaptation of H. erectus/ergaster to the local resources, in a relatively isolated environment. The sites of Gombore gully provide new evidence on the complex pattern of human evolution and adaptation in East Africa during the Lower Pleistocene.

International audience; This article describes the robotic assistive technologies developed for users of electrically powered wheelchairs, within the framework of the European Union’s Interreg ADAPT (Assistive Devices for Empowering Disabled People Through Robotic Technologies) project. In particular, special attention is devoted to the integration of advanced sensing modalities and the design of new shared control algorithms. In response to the clinical needs identified by our medical partners, two novel smart wheelchairs with complementary capabilities and a virtual reality (VR)-based wheelchair simulator have been developed. These systems have been validated via extensive experimental campaigns in France and the United Kingdom.

Cet article étudie la présence et le traitement du son dans la mise à mort de l’adversaire dans le roman arthurien. L’autrice établit tout d’abord une définition du topos, appuyée sur un large relevé d’occurrences, qui la conduit à voir dans la sonorisation de la mort de l’ennemi une variation d’un motif plus large et plus répandu. Elle étudie ensuite l’évolution de ce topos depuis les textes épiques jusqu’aux derniers romans. Elle remarque enfin la prégnance de ces sons dans une famille de récits dont les auteurs semblent chercher à perpétuer les premières formes du récit arthurien., This article focuses on the presence and the treatment of sound in the killing of the adversary in the Arthurian novel. We begin by establishing a definition of the topos, based on a large list of occurrences, which leads us to see in the sound of the death of the enemy a variation of a larger and more widespread motif. We then study the evolution of this topos from the epic texts to the latest novels. Finally, we notice the significance of these sounds in a family of romances in which authors seem to seek to perpetuate the first forms of the Arthurian story.

We investigate the effects of financial reporting on current employee job search; i.e., whether firms' public financial reports cause their employees to reevaluate their jobs and consider leaving. We develop a simple model in which current employees use earnings announcements to inform job search decisions, and empirically measure job search based on employees' activity on a popular job market website. We find that job search by current employees increases significantly during earnings announcement weeks, especially when employees are more mobile and when within-firm information frictions are greater. We also find that employees use earnings announcements to update their expectations about their employers' economic prospects, consistent with learning. Our paper contributes to the burgeoning labor and accounting literature by providing among the first evidence closely linking financial reports to employee learning and job search.

International audience; The generalized rigid registration problem in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces is studied. The loss function is minimized with an equivalent error formulation by the Cayley formula. The closed-form linear least-square solution to such a problem is derived which generates the registration covariances, i.e., uncertainty information of rotation and translation, providing quite accurate probabilistic descriptions. Simulation results indicate the correctness of the proposed method and also present its efficiency on computation-time consumption, compared with previous algorithms using singular value decomposition (SVD) and linear matrix inequality (LMI). The proposed scheme is then applied to an interpolation problem on the special Euclidean group SE(n) with covariance-preserving functionality. Finally, experiments on covariance-aided Lidar mapping show practical superiority in robotic navigation.

International audience

This paper is made in continuation of the article of Fabrice Marsac, Witold Ucherek and Magdalena Dańko “De l’infinitive de perception dans la pratique traductologique” (Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 46/1, 2019); both papers fall within the framework of the bilateral Polonium program “On the translation of French perception structures into Polish” (n° PPN/BIL/2018/1/00181), implemented and financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI). In the present case, we intend to report on the content and progress of the part “multi-dimensional labelling” of this long-term French-Polish project. Therefore, we describe the formal encoding of structures, categories and functions of the items in the large multi-label corpus (French-Polish) we have been collecting since 2019.

Indian air travel and advanced technological development in the tourism society in India lead to the growth of Indian Hotel Industry. The Indian Industry staged a good progress due to the emergence of business hotel groups such as Taj Group of hotels, ITC Group of hotels, Ashok group. The growth and development of Indian hotel Industry is growth and development in India taken place with the growth and development of Human Resources Management and their practices in the Indian hotel which pave the way for their better performance. In this context, an attempt is made in this research paper to overview and analyse the organisational commitment of employees working in Indian Hotel Industry.

We develop an analytical framework to examine the line-of-sight (LOS) coverage area in vehicular networks with roadside units (RSU) and vehicle relays. In practical deployment scenarios, RSUs and vehicle relays are spatially correlated and we characterize this by employing Cox point processes to model the locations of RSUs and vehicle relays simultaneously. Leveraging the random blockage model, we model the LOS coverage area as Boolean models on these Cox point processes. The LOS coverage area is then evaluated by its area fraction. We show that relays can increase the area fraction of LOS coverage by nearly 50\% even when RSUs and relays are spatially correlated. By presenting a stochastic geometry model for a vehicular network with RSUs and relays and then by providing a tool to capture its LOS coverage, our work assesses the viability of vehicle relays for modern vehicular networks exploiting LOS coverage., Comment: accepted IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol

The language employed by an individual when discussing topics of a moral nature (of the kind typically found in, e.g., social media) is revealing not only of the text affective contents itself, but also of the individual who wrote the text in the first place. Based on these observations, this work intends to illustrate how two kinds of morality-related information may be inferred from text by presenting a number of shallow and deep learning models of moral stance and moral foundations classification. In doing so, we introduce a novel corpus of texts labelled with moral foundation scores, and a novel approach to fine-grained, human-centric moral foundations classification that is, to the best of our knowledge, among the first NLP studies of this kind.

Objectives: Recently, research has focused both on the influence of institutional racism and how the Global Majority, which includes Black, Indigenous and People of Color, heal from processes related to racial and other forms of oppression. We propose a framework of healing research methodologies that is situated within emerging diversity science trends. This framework specifically is designed to apply diversity science principles to develop research that is culturally relevant and can help explain intragroup processes related to healing from institutional racism. Methods: Drawing from the diversity science, liberation and critical research methodologies, and psychological healing practices literature, we propose a healing research methodologies framework. Results: The healing research methodologies framework consists of six critical components: maintains social justice ethics, adopts liberation methodologies, implements healing methods, embraces interdisciplinary approaches, catalyzes action, and promotes community accessibility. Conclusions: We offer recommendations to guide future diversity science healing research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The news section presents the UIA Declaration adopted during COP25, the United Nations climate conference meeting; announces the 2020 Kaira Looro Competition, the 2A City-Architecture Movie Awards, as well as this year's UNESCO-UIA World Capital of Architecture programme in Rio de Janeiro., project baikal, No. 63 (2020): celebration in the city

This research aims to investigate the effect of the CoRT 5 thinking program on the critical thinking skills and dispositions of pre-service classroom teachers. The research was designed as a case study. A 10-week CoRT 5 thinking program was administered to 21 pre-service classroom teachers who formed the research study group. Data collection tools consist of participant and researcher diaries, observation notes, and semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. Results denoted that there were indicators of critical thinking in the thinking problems encountered during the implementation of the CoRT 5 thinking program and solutions to these problems and in the learning outcomes of the CoRT 5 thinking program. Further, it was observed that the implementation of the CoRT 5 thinking program contributed to the development of pre-service classroom teachers’ critical thinking skills and dispositions. The pre-service classroom teachers reported that a skill-based critical thinking teaching approach would be more effective., Bu araştırmanın amacı, CoRT 5 düşünme programının, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının eleştirel düşünme beceri ve eğilimlerini nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Araştırma durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturan 21 sınıf öğretmeni adayına 10 haftalık CoRT 5 düşünme programı uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları; katılımcı ve araştırmacı günlükleri, gözlem notları ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerdir. Araştırmanın verileri tematik analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; CoRT 5 düşünme programı uygulamasında karşılaşılan düşünme zorluklarında, düşünme zorluklarına bulunan çözümlerde ve CoRT 5 düşünme programının öğrenme çıktılarında eleştirel düşünmeye ilişkin göstergeler ortaya çıkmıştır. CoRT 5 düşünme programı uygulamasının sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının eleştirel düşünme becerilerini ve eğilimlerini geliştirmeye yönelik katkılar sağladığı görülmüştür. Sınıf öğretmeni adayları eleştirel düşünme eğitiminde daha çok beceri temelli yaklaşımın daha etkili olabileceğini belirtmiştir.

International audience

Résumé La question de la nudité dans l’Antiquité classique a fait couler beaucoup d’encre. Les chercheurs ont souligné les oppositions de gender, de cultures et d’époques expliquant l’adoption ou le refus de la nudité. Nous utiliserons les principes d’opposition entre les représentations étrusques et grecques de la nudité : aux korai grecques richement vêtues correspondent en effet des figurations féminines étrusques dénudées, tandis que de nombreux kouroi et athlètes, nus dans l’art grec, portent pagne et cuirasse dans la sculpture étrusque. En nous centrant sur la célèbre « Vénus » de Cannicella, nous observerons les processus rituels qui permettent d’expliquer la nudité de cette statue, en prenant en compte, tour à tour, son contexte archéologique, son iconographie et finalement son style. Abstract Title: Nudity as a criterion of anthropological differentiation between Greeks and Etruscans: in search of the ritual around Cannicella's "Venus" The question of nudity in classical antiquity has been the subject of much discussion. Researchers have pointed out the oppositions of gender, cultures and periods that explain the adoption or rejection of nudity. We shall use the opposition between Etruscan and Greek representations of nudity: richly dressed Greek korai correspond to naked Etruscan female figures, while many kouroi and athletes, naked in Greek art, wear loincloths and cuirasses in Etruscan sculpture. Focusing on the famous "Venus" of Cannicella, we will observe the ritual processes that explain the nudity of this statue, taking into account its archaeological context, its iconography and finally its style.

The crisis of 2007-08 called for a renewal of banking regulation that took the shape of a shift toward macroprudential policy. However, a comprehensive assessment of the current state of financial regulation reveals that this shift is incomplete. In particular, the notion of risk that lies at the heart of the Basel framework is still blind to extreme events. Climate risk and pandemic risk fall into this category. The purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, we point out why current banking regulation is not adequate to face risks whose origin is grounded outside financial markets – as is the case for both the pandemic and the climate risks –; on the other hand, we offer avenues for reforming macroprudential regulation in a way that would allow to take those risks into account.

International audience

Additive manufacturing enables the production of complex structures with emerging approaches showing great promise in the food industry for design customization. Three-dimensional food printing has...

International audience

International audience

International audience; The Anthropocene was conceptualized in 2000 to reflect the extensive impact of human activities on our planet, and subsequent detailed analyses have revealed a substantial Earth System response to these impacts beginning in the mid-20 th century. Key to this understanding was the discovery of a sharp upturn in a multitude of global socioeconomic indicators and Earth System trends at that time; a phenomenon termed the 'Great Acceleration'. It coincides with massive increases in global human-consumed energy and shows the Earth System now on a trajectory far exceeding the earlier variability of the Holocene Epoch, and in some respects the entire Quaternary Period. The evaluation of geological signals similarly shows the mid-20 th century as representing the most appropriate inception for the Anthropocene. A recent mathematical analysis has nonetheless challenged the significance of the original Great Acceleration data. We examine this analytical approach and reiterate the robustness of the original data in supporting the Great Acceleration, while emphasizing that intervals of rapid growth are inevitably time-limited, as recognised at the outset. Moreover, the exceptional magnitude of this growth remains undeniable, reaffirming the centrality of the Great Acceleration in justifying a formal chronostratigraphic Anthropocene at the rank of series/epoch.

International audience

As a class of context-aware systems, context-aware service recommendation aims to bind high-quality services to users while taking into account their context requirements, including invocation time, location, social profiles, connectivity, and so on. However, current CASR approaches are not scalable with the huge amount of service data (QoS and context information, users reviews and feedbacks). In addition, they lack a rich representation of contextual information as they adopt a simple matrix view. Moreover, current CASR approaches adopt the traditional user-service relation and they do not allow for multi-relational interactions between users and services in different contexts. To offer a scalable and context-sensitive service recommendation with great analysis and learning capabilities, we provide a rich and multi-relational representation of the CASR knowledge, based on the concept of knowledge graph. The constructed context-aware service knowledge graph (C-SKG) is, then, transformed into a low-dimentional vector space to facilitate its processing. For this purpose, we adopt Dilated Recurrent Neural Networks to propose a context-aware knowledge graph embedding, based on the principles of first-order and subgraph-aware proximity. Finally, a recommendation algorithm is defined to deliver the top-rated services according to the target user's context. Experiments have proved the accuracy and scalability of our CASR approach.

Auxiliary rewards are widely used in complex reinforcement learning tasks. However, previous work can hardly avoid the interference of auxiliary rewards on pursuing the main rewards, which leads to the destruction of the optimal policy. Thus, it is challenging but essential to balance the main and auxiliary rewards. In this article, we explicitly formulate the problem of rewards' balancing as searching for a Pareto optimal solution, with the overall objective of preserving the policy's optimization orientation for the main rewards (i.e., the policy driven by the balanced rewards is consistent with the policy driven by the main rewards). To this end, we propose a variant Pareto and show that it can effectively guide the policy search toward more main rewards. Furthermore, we establish an iterative learning framework for rewards' balancing and theoretically analyze its convergence and time complexity. Experiments in both discrete (grid word) and continuous (Doom) environments demonstrated that our algorithm can effectively balance rewards, and achieve remarkable performance compared with those RLs with heuristically designed rewards. In the ViZDoom platform, our algorithm can learn expert-level policies.

It is important for marketing academics and public policymakers to understand how to persuade consumers to consume healthier food instead of unhealthy food. Based on the theories of synchrony effect and self-control, this research makes novel predictions about the time-of-day effects on (un)healthy food purchases. The results of a field study and a laboratory experiment confirm that consumers’ self-control level becomes lower in the evening, which leads consumers to buy more unhealthy products in the evening than they do in the morning. A follow-up eye-tracking experiment reveals the underlying mechanism through which self-control failure makes consumers pay more visual attention to unhealthy food and the weaker effect of attention to healthy food on purchases. The results of this study provide valuable insights not only for marketing academics but also for retailers and consumer marketing companies.

Architectural glazing has several advantages in terms of aesthetics and user well-being perspectives. However, they can have large impacts on heating and cooling demands and artificial lighting requirements. Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) cushion systems present adequate insulating and transparency characteristics, and, combined with organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules, become a glazing element leading towards energy efficient buildings. The present manuscript reports on a detailed optical, thermal and electrical analysis of a 3-layer ETFE/ OPV cushion that helps the design of these glazing-type systems by providing a better understanding of their performance. Spectrophotometric optical measurements up to 50 µm allow proper estimations of an individual layer radiative behavior. As a matter of fact, these measurements feed the radiative and thermal models that aim at determining the behavior of the organic photovoltaic module as a function of its position in the cushion. Based on the organic photovoltaic module spectral response, electrical power production is estimated. Results reveal that the best configuration is the one placing the organic photovoltaic module in the outer layer, since it represents the case where the OPV module performs better due to the higher incident irradiance and the low dependency on temperature of the generated power. This research was supported by the ‘‘Generalitat de Catalunya’’, Spain (2017 SGR 1276 and ICREA Academia) and ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’’ of Spain (grant reference PID2019- 111536RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration with the company IASO SA.

We prove the first polynomial bound on the number of monotonic homotopy moves required to tighten a collection of closed curves on any compact orientable surface, where the number of crossings in the curve is not allowed to increase at any time during the process. The best known upper bound before was exponential, which can be obtained by combining the algorithm of De Graaf and Schrijver [ J. Comb. Theory Ser. B , 1997] together with an exponential upper bound on the number of possible surface maps. To obtain the new upper bound, we apply tools from hyperbolic geometry, as well as operations in graph drawing algorithms—the cluster and pipe expansions—to the study of curves on surfaces. As corollaries, we present two efficient algorithms for curves and graphs on surfaces. First, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to convert any given multicurve on a surface into minimal position. Such an algorithm only existed for single closed curves, and it is known that previous techniques do not generalize to the multicurve case. Second, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to reduce any k -terminal plane graph (and more generally, surface graph) using degree-1 reductions, series-parallel reductions, and Δ Y -transformations for arbitrary integer k . Previous algorithms only existed in the planar setting when k ≤ 4, and all of them rely on extensive case-by-case analysis based on different values of k . Our algorithm makes use of the connection between electrical transformations and homotopy moves and thus solves the problem in a unified fashion.

pp. 253-267 (pp. 151- 165 version imprimée); International audience; "Islam et musulmans ne cessent de défrayer la chronique en France au moins depuis le milieu des années 1980. Ils sont au cœur d’intarissables polémiques et controverses où se mêlent des considérations multiples, d’ordre culturel sinon civilisationnel, politique, idéologique et sécuritaire. Cela donne généralement lieu à des débats fortement polarisés, à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur du champ académique. La survenue et le renforcement du terrorisme domestique depuis 2012 n’ont fait qu’ajouter de l’huile sur le feu, empêchant tout débat véritablement raisonné, fondé sur des faits et des développements précis. Dans cet article, nous essayons de nous extirper de deux tendances explicatives qui cèdent souvent le pas à des lecture et interprétation unilatérales ou manichéennes de l’islam et des musulmans. Celles-ci pèchent soit par surinvestissement de la question islamophobe, soit par surdétermination du poids idéologique de l’islamisme parmi les musulmans de France. Si l’islamophobie, comprise comme discours ou actes discriminatoires à l’encontre d’individus en raison de leur appartenance réelle ou supposée à l’islam, est une réalité sociale objective, il convient également d’envisager les discours de certains leaders islamistes qui peuvent entretenir, consciemment ou non, des porosités avec la violence, suivant les acteurs, les moments et les contextes."

Cyclone Pam swept through the archipelago of Vanuatu on 13-14 March 2015, with wind speeds exceeding those recorded anywhere in the South Pacific since the 1980s. Southern and central parts of the country were particularly affected. Material damage on Tongoa, one of the most afflicted islands, was extensive, but no deaths were reported. During the storm, villagers found shelter in their kitchen, in what is considered locally as a 'lifeboat'. The aftermath was managed and mitigated by international aid organisations. On Tongoa, this included a 'Shelter Cluster' programme, under which villagers were given house rebuilding kits. Elaborating upon extensive ethnographic investigations on site between 2011 and 2018, this paper explores and reveals the ways in which this aid generated confusion among the local population. In a larger context of regular disasters triggered by natural hazards, locals have found endogenous ways of dealing with such extreme climatic events, for the most part without any external assistance.في الفترة من 13 إلى 14 مارس 2015 ، اجتاح إعصار بام أرخبيل منطقة فان واتو بسرعات رياح تجاوزت تلك المسجلة في أي مكان في منطقة جنوب المحيط الهادئ منذ الثمانينيات. وقد تأثرت الأجزاء الجنوبية والوسطى من البلاد بشكل خاص. في تونغوا، إحدى الجزر الأكثر تضررًا، كانت الأضرار المادية جسيمة على الرغم من عدم الإبلاغ عن أي حالة وفاة. خلال العاصفة، وجد القرويون المأوى في مطبخهم، والذي اعتبروه محليًا "قوارب نجاة". تمت إدارة تداعيات الكارثة والتخفيف من حدتها من قبل منظمات الإغاثة الدولية. وشمل ذلك في تونغوا برنامج "مجموعة المأوى" حيث تم تزويد القرويين بمجموعات أدوات إعادة بناء المنازل. بالتفصيل في التحقيقات الإثنوغرافية المكثفة في الموقع التي أجريت بين عامي 2011 و 2018 ، تستكشف هذه المقالة وتكشف الطرق التي تسببت بها هذه المساعدة في حدوث ارتباك بين السكان المحليين. في سياق أكبر من الكوارث العادية التي تسببها الأخطار الطبيعية، وجد السكان المحليون طرقًا داخلية للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأحداث المناخية المتطرفة ، في الجزء الأكبر من دون أي مساعدات خارجية - مما يكشف عن ديناميكية المساعدات الإنسانية الكلمات الدالة: إعصار بام ، كارثة ، مساعدات إنسانية ، إعادة بناء ما بعد الكارثة ، تو نغوا ، فان واتو ، العمارة العامية.2015年3月13日-14日，飓风帕姆席卷瓦努阿图群岛，风速超过了自1980年代以来南太平洋地区任何地方的记录。该国南部和中部地区受到的影响尤其严重。汤戈阿是受灾最为严重的岛屿之一，虽然没有死亡报告，但财产损失很大。暴风雨期间，村民们都躲在厨房里避难，厨房被当地人视为是“救生艇”。国际援助组织为这场灾难提供了善后工作和减灾帮助。这包括一项“避难所助建”计划，向村民提供房屋重建工具包。本文详细阐述了2011年至2018年间，在现场进行的大范围民族学调查，探讨并揭示了这种援助对当地人造成混乱的各种情况。对于周期性的自然灾害，当地人在大多数没有任何外界援助的情况下，已经掌握了一些在处理此类极端气候事件的老办法，这也揭示了人道主义援助的动态 关键词：飓风帕姆，灾难，人道主义援助，灾后重建，汤戈阿，瓦努阿图，乡土建筑.

Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) reconstructs a deformable 3D object from the correspondences established between monocular 2D images. Current NRSfM methods lack statistical robustness, which is the ability to cope with correspondence errors.This prevents one to use automatically established correspondences, which are prone to errors, thereby strongly limiting the scope of NRSfM. We propose a three-step automatic pipeline to solve NRSfM robustly by exploiting isometry. Step 1 computes the optical flow from correspondences, step 2 reconstructs each 3D point's normal vector using multiple reference images and integrates them to form surfaces with the best reference and step 3 rejects the 3D points that break isometry in their local neighborhood. Importantly, each step is designed to discard or flag erroneous correspondences. Our contributions include the robustification of optical flow by warp estimation, new fast analytic solutions to local normal reconstruction and their robustification, and a new scale-independent measure of 3D local isometric coherence. Experimental results show that our robust NRSfM method consistently outperforms existing methods on both synthetic and real datasets., Accepted in TPAMI 2021

Early cellular patterning is a critical step of embryonic development that determines the proper progression of morphogenesis in all metazoans. It relies on a series of rapid reductive divisions occurring simultaneously with the specification of the fate of different subsets of cells. Multiple species developmental strategies emerged in the form of a unique cleavage pattern with stereotyped division geometries. Cleavage geometries have long been associated to the emergence of canonical developmental features such as cell cycle asynchrony, zygotic genome activation and fate specification. Yet, the direct causal role of division positioning on blastomere cell behavior remain partially understood. Oriented and/or asymmetric divisions define blastomere cell sizes, contacts and positions, with potential immediate impact on cellular decisions, lineage specification and morphogenesis. Division positions also instruct daughter cells polarity, mechanics and geometries, thereby influencing subsequent division events, in an emergent interplay that may pattern early embryos independently of firm deterministic genetic programs. We here review the recent literature which helped to delineate mechanisms and functions of division positioning in early embryos.

The considerable intensification of human activity in the second and first centuries BC in Central Europe was related to the sudden appearance of a network of large fortified towns, which are known as oppida. Bibracte was one of the most important oppida in France, but knowledge about the evolution of its hinterland is still incomplete. This article addresses the evolution of the landscape surrounding this oppidum. Our research was based on a study of sedimentary profiles sampled around the archaeological site and examined by physical, geochemical and palaeoecological analyses. Sediment sequences indicate that the earliest human-induced erosion associated with geomorphological change occurred in the 4th–1st century BC. Geochemical results indicate ancient mining and metallurgy in the catchment during the same time. Palaeoecological proxies from the same period point to a mosaic of an open cultural landscape with locally suppressed forest vegetation and prevailing pastoralism. Anthropogenic impact resurged in the 11th–13th centuries AD and was associated with livestock grazing and rye (Secale cereale) cultivation. Thereafter, the reconstructed human impact from the 15th century AD onwards was probably related to forest management focused on timber floating as well as to the cultivation of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and hemp (Cannabis sativa).

1AbstractIndividuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in out-comes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes will vary due to individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions. Heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.

Background: Osteotomies during rhinoplasty are usually based on surgeon's proprioception to determine the number, energy, and trajectory of impacts. Objective: The first objective was to detect the...

In this paper, a novel way of modeling uncertainty on demand in the single item dynamic lot sizing problem is proposed and studied. The uncertainty is not related to the demand quantity, but rather to the demand timing, i.e., the demand fully occurs in a single period of a given time interval with a given probability and no partial delivery is allowed. The problem is first motivated and modeled. Our modeling naturally correlates uncertain demands in different periods contrary to most of the literature in lot sizing. Dynamic programs are then proposed for the general case of multiple demands with stochastic demand timing and for several special cases. We also show that the most general case where the backlog cost depends both on the time period and the stochastic demand is NP-hard.

In this paper, we study the Cartesian product of signed graphs as defined by Germina, Hameed and Zaslavsky (2011). Here we focus on its algebraic properties and look at the chromatic number of some Cartesian products. One of our main results is the unicity of the prime factor decomposition of signed graphs. This leads us to present an algorithm to compute this decomposition in linear time based on a decomposition algorithm for oriented graphs by Imrich and Peterin (2018). We also study the chromatic number of a signed graph, that is the minimum order of a signed graph to which the input signed graph admits a homomorphism, of graphs with underlying graph of the form P n □ P m , of Cartesian products of signed paths, of Cartesian products of signed complete graphs and of Cartesian products of signed cycles.

International audience

International audience

International audience

Renouvelée depuis les années 1980 sous l’influence des travaux de Renzo De Felice et d’Emilio Gentile, l’historiographie française du fascisme italien présente des analogies avec son homologue italienne ainsi que des spécificités. Elle s’inscrit également dans le cadre d’une riche production historiographique française sur l’Italie contemporaine, a acquis un rayonnement en Italie et ses problématiques ont une portée sur les lectures du fascisme français. Ayant connu eux aussi un essor depuis les années 1980, les travaux français sur l’antifascisme italien s’articulent autour de deux champs qui sont l’histoire des migrations italienne et celle des relations diplomatiques franco-italiennes. Under the influence of the writings of Renzo De Felice and Emilio Gentile, the French historiography of Italian fascism has since the 1980s undergone a revival. Though in some ways analogous to its Italian counterpart, this historiography possesses its own specificities and must be set in the broader framework of the prolific French historiography on contemporary Italy. It has become influential in Italy and its problematics have influenced the interpretation of French fascism. Having undergone similar growth in the 1980s, French work on Italian antifascism centers on two fields : the history of Italian immigration and that of Franco-Italian diplomatic relations.

L’attention portée à la relation formation-emploi depuis les années 1960 a conduit à une abondante littérature sur l’analyse de la correspondance des deux termes de cette relation. Tout un pan de cette littérature investigue cette relation sous l’angle du déclassement professionnel, à savoir le fait pour un individu d’avoir un niveau de formation initiale supérieur au niveau normalement requis pour le poste (Fondeur et Minni, 1999). Le déclassement y apparait comme un phénomène majeur des déb...

Archived species list from the batnames.org website for version 1.4, issued July 11, 2023 (see the batnames.org website for specific dates). Higher-level taxonomy, synonymies, maps, and references are not included in this species list.

Fondé sur l’expérience personnelle de l’autrice, cet article revient sur la Fondation pour la mémoire de la Guerre d’Algérie, des combats au Maroc et en Tunisie, la déclaration de reconnaissance de la responsabilité de l’État dans la disparition de Maurice Audin et la dénonciation de l’IGI (Instruction générale interministérielle) 1300 imposant la déclassification des documents « secrets » avant leur communication, au mépris de la loi sur les archives. Il démontre ainsi la résistance qu’offrent les libertés académiques aux interventions étatiques pesant ou tentant de peser sur l’écriture de l’histoire de la Guerre d’indépendance algérienne et l’accès aux archives, en France. Based on the personal experience of the author, this article presents the way the French State tries to interfere in the writing of history of the Algerian War of Independence and the access to the archives: the Foundation for the memory of the Algerian War, the combats in Morocco and Tunisia; the declaration of state responsibility in the disappearance of Maurice Audin; the denunciation of the IGI (General Interministerial Instruction) 1300 imposing the declassification of “secret” documents, despite the law on archives. In that context, academic freedoms appear to offer strong resistances against these interventions.

Dans le cadre des multiples transferts culturels qui innervent l’œuvre du cinéaste Sergueï Eisenstein, on reviendra sur son expérience à Hollywood, qui s’inscrit dans les circulations entre cinéma soviétique et cinéma américain des années 1920 et1930, et qui comporte, au-delà de sa dimension culturelle, des enjeux aussi bien techniques que diplomatiques et économiques. Intervient par ailleurs une composante imaginaire liée à la représentation que chacun se fait de l’autre qu’il s’agira également d’éclairer.Tout en analysant les enjeux du séjour hollywoodien et américain d’Eisenstein, on présentera l’ensemble des projets de films que le cinéaste proposa aux compagnies hollywoodiennes, avant de revenir sur les raisons de leur échec. On s’attardera alors sur la portée que ce séjour aura représentée, et pour Eisenstein, et pour le milieu d’Hollywood. Among the numerous cultural circulations in which Sergei Eisenstein’s work is entangled, the filmmaker’s experience in Hollywood deserves a specific focus. Embedded within the exchanges between Russian-Soviet cinema and Hollywood cinema in the twenties and the thirties, Eisenstein’s presence in Hollywood is not only invested with a cultural dimension but also with technical, diplomatic and economic issues. Of no less importance is the fantasmatic component through which each part sees and imagines the Other, nurturing expectations and hopes which are not always met. While analysing issues of Eisenstein’s stay in Hollywood and in the US, we will review the several film projects the filmmaker aims to shoot in Hollywood and the reasons why all these projects aborted. We will then discuss the impact of Eisenstein’s american experience on his work as well as on Hollywood’s milieu.

Au xixe siècle, Théophile Gautier et Edmondo De Amicis sont dans l’air du temps lorsqu’ils écrivent chacun un texte sur la ville de Constantinople. Les deux livres, semblables sur le plan de leur structure globale, ambitionnent de décrire fidèlement la ville dans ce qu’elle a de plus exotique et dépaysant. Mais les deux écrivains font face à des obstacles quant à la pratique et la connaissance de l’espace urbain et, pour pallier cela, ils ont recours à l’intertextualité, à la médiation picturale et à l’emploi du merveilleux afin de mieux saisir et représenter Constantinople. In the 19th century, Théophile Gautier and Edmondo De Amicis were in vogue when they each wrote a text on the city of Constantinople. The two books, similar in their overall structure, aim to describe the city faithfully in its most exotic and unusual aspects. However, both writers face obstacles in the practice and knowledge of urban space. To overcome these obstacles, they use intertextuality, pictorial mediation and the use of the marvellous to better grasp and represent Constantinople.

When Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins met in 1851, Dickens was already established as the most popular English novelist, whereas Collins was little more than an aspiring writer. Six years later, in 1857, Collins had written his first successful novels: Basil (1852), Hide and Seek (1854) and The Dead Secret (1856); he was a staff-member of Household Words, the magazine “conducted by Charles Dickens”, and as such a professional writer whose name Dickens had even agreed would appear in the mag...