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Frequency-Area Distribution (FAD) analyses were introduced to landslides research since the early 2000's. This technique is a powerful tool that allows assessing the completeness of landslide inventory maps (LIM), used to build both landslides susceptibility and landslides hazard assessment models. However, FAD analyses are not commonly used in such studies despite the significant potential of the technique. The long processing steps needed to generate FAD curves, which involve logarithmic binning and iterative model fitting using various statistical tools, constitutes an energy and time-consuming task that pushes many researchers away from using the technique. In fact, no fully automatic tool capable of generating FAD curves and models exists as of July 2023. Therefore, we attempt to provide a fully automatic computer program capable of binning, fitting FAD curves and assessing their goodness of fit to theoretical models in a fully automatic, one step process. An example is provided using real data from Taounate province, Northern Morocco, so as to demonstrate the ability of the tool to deal with exhaustive datasets. In addition, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, goodness of fit test is added to provide an objective assessment of the data fitting, which constitutes a better alternative to the subjective visual assessment that most landslides researchers rely on. To sum up, we believe that this tool will help popularize the FAD technique, which will consequently improve the accuracy and objectivity of landslides risk and hazard assessment disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to develop a program for transliteration and refactoring of mechanically typed text “CotoGwa”. A literary analysis of the research problem is presented. The choice of ways, technologies and means of solving the task is substantiated. The functional and structural scheme of the program is substantiated. The process of developing a software product is highlighted. Comparative characteristics of analogues are carried out and their shortcomings are described. The advantages of the developed product are defined too. The software development model and used scientific research methods are justified. The practical application of the created product is described step by step. Testing and debugging of the program is described. Considering the implementation of the software, the architectural solutions and technologies used in the project were analyzed. The program takes into account the needs of users and can be easily extended to provide additional functionality thanks to the flexibility and extensive functionality of the C# programming language. In the future, the development of the program will include additional options to create even greater convenience and speed of use by users. Taking into account feedback from users can contribute to the further development of this software in the field of text printing. In general, the development makes it possible to efficiently and conveniently enter and edit text, reducing time spent on additional printing principles and facilitating routine tasks for users.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to consider the stages of design and development of an automated information system for planning the staffing of educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system with a variable composition.Method. The construction of a conceptual and mathematical model of the system being developed is based on a systems approach and methods of mathematical modeling.Result. A conceptual approach to staffing educational organizations has been proposed, on the basis of which an automated information system has been developed. The advantage of the proposed approach gives a clear idea of the structure and functional purpose of the system.Conclusion. The system will automate the process of recruiting educational organizations in order to increase the efficiency of decision support in the field of training specialists for the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The aim of the study was to develop a method for assessing the risk of severity of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis C depending on the severity of liver fibrosis.Object and methods. The results of laboratory data of patients with COVID-19 and chronic hepatitis C (n = 147) were analyzed. According to the severity of liver fibrosis, patients with COVID-19 with chronic hepati­tis C were divided into 3 subgroups: mild fibrosis (F1), moderate fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3). In blood serum, the parameters of total and biochemical (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-globulins, ferritin) blood tests, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B), hemostasis (fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time), cytokines (interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-а). All parameters were assessed in the acute period, depending on the severity of COVID-19 and the stage of liver fibrosis.Outcomes. Computer program for predicting the severi­ty of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis C, depending on the stage of liver fibrosis, can be introduced into clinical practice for managing patients in the certain group.

Purpose. Break down the algorithm and the corresponding computer program for determining the high-precision value of the value measured by the sensor with a quadratic transformation function, as well as for metrological control of the current values f the sensor parameters. Methodology. For the correct representation of the signal conversion process in the sensor and error estimation, the methods of redundant measurements of physical quantities, analytical methods of analysis, and methods of mathematical modeling were applied. The method of partial goals was used in the construction of the algorithm. When programming, a static method (class method) was used. Findings. The proposed algorithm and the computer program developed on its basis allow: 1) to determine a high-precision value of the desired physical quantity, which does not depend on changes in the parameters of the transformation function (per measurement cycle); 2) determine the current values of the parameters of the unstable transformation function; 3) establish the presence of deviations of the parameters of the sensor conversion function from their normalized values with a given error. Scientific novelty. The developed algorithm of redundant measurements with a quadratic sensor transformation function and its computer implementation simulate a measurement experiment with the possibility of metrological control of the sensor. Practical value. The developed algorithm and computer program make it possible to obtain a highly accurate value of the desired physical quantity with a nonlinear transformation function without additional steps to linearize it. In addition, the obtained value of the desired quantity, which does not depend on changes in the parameters of the quadratic transformation function of the sensor, makes it possible to apply this approach to inexpensive sensors. Also, it becomes possible to determine the metrological reliability of the sensor with specified parameter deviations, which ensures direct metrological control of the sensor without additional measures for its verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the civil law aspects of the problems of artificial intelligence and its place in the structure of civil law relations, as well as questions regarding the legal regime of objects generated by artificial intelligence. The approaches expressed in the domestic legal doctrine regarding the understanding of artificial intelligence as an object and as a subject of civil law relations, as well as a point of view regarding the possibility of simultaneously considering artificial intelligence as an object and as a subject of such legal relations, are analyzed. On the basis of approaches to the definition of the concept of «artificial intelligence», which are beginning to be formed at the level of legal acts of the United Nations and the European Union, as well as enshrined in the legislation of Ukraine, it is concluded that artificial intelligence must be considered as an object of civil law relations. In this regard, a critical position has been expressed regarding attempts made at the theoretical level to interpret artificial intelligence or robots endowed with artificial intelligence as subjects equivalent to natural persons, as quasi-legal entities. The main provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» on the sui generis right on a non-original object generated by a computer program, which can be considered corresponding concept of «object generated by artificial intelligence», have been analyzed. The features of a non-original object generated by a computer program are singled out as a special type of an object of sui generis right. A position has been expressed regarding the expediency of clarifying the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» in the part of defining the subject of a sui generis right to a non-original object generated by a computer program. It was concluded that objects generated by artificial intelligence can be classified as objects of intellectual property law, within the framework of which their legal protection should be ensured by a special kind of right – sui generis right. The expediency of enshrining the main provisions regarding the sui generis right to an object generated by artificial intelligence in Book 4 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of a system to assess the risk of Amyloodinium ocellatum occurrence in rearing ponds in fish farms located in southern Spain is a fundamental aspect to ensure the economic viability of these facilities. For this purpose, a computer program (called Amy) for Windows PCs and an application for mobile devices (AmyAPP), based on the Android operating system, were developed integrating transformation functions and weightings associated with environmental parameters and fish behavioural factors from which it is possible to estimate the level of risk of occurrence of A. ocellatum. The weights for each of the environmental parameters and behavioural factors were estimated from the responses of a panel of experts (the fish farmers) using a Delphi methodology. The results indicate that, under operational validation, Amy/AmyAPP responses were statistically sensitive to the occurrence of A. ocellatum outbreaks in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) rearing ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The purpose of this work is to develop a decision support system in the form of a computer program «Calculation of departmental assessment of administrative activities of the police» based on the algorithm for statistical analysis of data from the «1-AP» report, which allows in an inclusive form (for example, graphically) to track the dynamics of key indicators, contained in the «1-AP» report for officials of internal affairs bodies responsible for maintaining public order.Method. The problem of objective contradiction between the indicators of departmental criteria for assessing the administrative activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and non-departmental assessment of the activities of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has been identified. In order to resolve it, it is proposed to take into account the number of identified administrative offenses as an additional indicator of departmental assessment of law enforcement in public places, assessing their growth as a positive characteristic. To identify the quantitative component of this indicator, it is necessary to analyze the dynamics of the data contained in the «1-AP» statistical reporting form.Result. The developed computer program implements: summary and grouping of information from the statistical forms of the «1-AP» report for the entire period of validity of Order No. 179 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; analysis and forecasting of time series, adjusted according to various informative indicators of administrative practice; formation of diagrams for graphical analysis of trends in the phenomena being studied.Conclusion. The developed decision support system in the form of a computer program is an effective means of implementing information and communication technologies in the activities of internal affairs bodies. Users of this system will be officials of internal affairs bodies responsible for organizing the protection of public order, as well as cadets and adjuncts studying in legal specialties.

The article considers a computer program created to help employees of EMERCOM of Russia, designers, persons responsible for ensuring safety at facilities, as well as ordinary citizens who decided to choose and install means of rescue from a height. The choice is made according to one of the key parameters, namely, the cost.

Computer programs are protected by copyright both in the comparative law and in the positive law in Serbia. One or more computer programs together with electronic databases make up information systems. With the development of artificial intelligence, a wide range of sophisticated information systems have been created that can, as a rule, create or generate text based on user queries (e.g. ChatGPT). This paper provides a case study related to the generative artificial intelligence ChatGPT. Legal regulation of artificial intelligence-generated products from the aspect of copyright poses a special challenge. In this paper, the author puts a special emphasis on the comparative presentation of the legislation that regulates artificial intelligence from the aspect of copyright, stating the legal theory positions and judicial practice that claim that artificial intelligence-generated products have no place in intellectual property law. After the exhaustive comparative legal analysis and the case study, the author will propose de lege ferenda the legal protection framework for artificial intelligence.

The classic selection of plants for landscaping the urban environment is a rather labor-intensive process involving the use of a large number of reference materials, atlases and plant catalogs. It is necessary to consider various characteristics of plants, taking into account their decorativeness, mutual compatibility, survival in the natural conditions of each region, etc. The purpose of the research was developing a polytomous key and creating it using a modern computer program to simplify the selection of plants according to decorative, phenotypic and phenological characteristics for landscaping cities in the southern Russia. The method of compiling a polytomous key was used as a way to identify plants by several leading characteristics, when the original groups were simultaneously divided into several smaller ones. The life forms, size, habitus of plants, characteristics of the trunk and crown, characteristics of flowering and fruiting, as well as environmental requirements were taken into account. On the basis of the research results the assortment of ornamental plants in large nurseries of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, a list of plant names was compiled and their characteristics were encoded using a polytomous key. The key consisted of 8 sections, thanks to which it was possible to give the most complete description of the plant according to 36 parameters. The resulting database received state registration certificate No. 2023621905. The base and operation of the polytomous key are like a computer program. The functioning of the program has been successfully tested. The created program greatly simplifies the work of choosing an assortment of plants for landscaping, reducing it to a few minutes.

The article presents the results of constructing a diagram of the phase composition of the Fe-S-Cu system and its mathematical model. Using the equations obtained in the work, a computer program was created and, using it, an analysis of phase formation in copper ores of various deposits was carried out. It was found that copper ore concentrates from the Berezovsk deposit in Kazakhstan contain Cu5FeS4 (20,22 %), CuS (14,21 %) and FeS2 (65,57 %), and copper ores from the Zyryanovsk deposit contain CuFeS2 (4,03 %), Cu5FeS4 (45,29 %) and FeS2 (50,68 %). Such data allows you to choose the optimal methods for further processing of concentrates, and the mathematical approach itself is more productive than the often used geometric one according to the rule of segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—It has been 10 years since CRISPR/Cas technology was applied to edit the genomes of various organisms. Its ability to produce a double-strand break in a DNA region specified by the researcher started a revolution in bioengineering. Later, the Base Editing (BE) method was developed. BE is performed via the formation of single-strand breaks by the mutant form of Cas nuclease (nickase), fused with deaminases and other enzymes. It can be used to promote A G and C T transitions, and a C → G transversion. Just over 3 years ago, a new Prime Editing (PE) variant of CRISPR/Cas was invented. Unlike BE, in PE the nickase is fused with reverse transcriptase, capable of building a new DNA chain using the pegRNA template. The pegRNA consists of an elongated guide RNA with an extra sequence at the 3'-end. Prime editing makes it possible to insert the desired mutations into this extra sequence and to carry out any substitutions and indels of bases without the use of special donor DNA. To date, a number of PE variants have been proposed; they are briefly considered in this review with an emphasis on prime editing of plant genomes. Some attention is also paid to pegRNA design programs, as well as evaluation of the efficiency of the editing. Such a variety of PE techniques is due to the opportunities of high-precision introduction of desired changes with a rather low frequency of off-target mutations in the genomes of various organisms. The relatively low efficiency of prime editing inspires researchers to offer new approaches. There is hope that further development of the technology will improve PE enough to take its rightful place among the genome targeting methods that are suitable for any organisms, and will have a positive impact on the agricultural sector, industrial biotechnologies, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Intellectual Property / Dusevne Vlastnictvo is the property of Industrial Property Office of the Slovak Republic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infections (SSI) are incomparably troublesome and complicated, and some of them require an open abdomen (OA) procedure. While deciding the timing of abdominal closure, wound area calculation method and laboratory parameters can be used to guide the timing of abdominal closure after OA procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of the patients who had undergone open abdomen during their treatment course and were followed up with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technique between December 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory results before the first VAC application and the results after the VAC change were compared to determine a predictive parameter. The ImageJ program was used in five patients to compare the size of the wounds at the time of the decision to close them and before the first VAC application. RESULTS: 102 patients were analyzed. The ratio of the last wound area to the wound area at the time of the first VAC application in five patients was 0.30, 0.41, 0.34, 0.27, 0.46 (mean: 0.36, standard deviation: 0.078) which were measured and calculated by ImageJ software. CONCLUSIONS: We think that the concept of wound reduction ratio, which was calculated by a computer program, can be used as a concrete equivalent of the wound closure eligibility criteria decided by clinical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transportation Science & Technolgy is the property of Transportation Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the results of constructing a diagram of the phase composition of the Fe-S-Cu system and its mathematical model. Using the equations obtained in the work, a computer program was created and, using it, an analysis of phase formation in copper ores of various deposits was carried out. It was found that copper ore concentrates from the Berezovsk deposit in Kazakhstan contain Cu5FeS4 (20,22 %), CuS (14,21 %) and FeS2 (65,57 %), and copper ores from the Zyryanovsk deposit contain CuFeS2 (4,03 %), Cu5FeS4 (45,29 %) and FeS2 (50,68 %). Such data allows you to choose the optimal methods for further processing of concentrates, and the mathematical approach itself is more productive than the often used geometric one according to the rule of segments.

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop an effective express method for the formation of a representative expert coalition based on the analysis of correlations between expert opinions.Method. It is proposed to use an extended correlation matrix, which takes into account not only the strength of the correlation between the experts’ ratings, but also the average value of the ratings for the entire set of highly qualified specialists. This matrix will take into account the diversity of opinions and preferences of highly qualified specialists, as well as provide a high degree of representativeness in making collective decisions.Result. Verification of the obtained results was carried out on the example of polls of police officers in relation to violators of security systems. A significant number of various calculations determines the implementation of the developed numerical method using a computer. This express method is a useful tool for the rapid and efficient formation of representative expert coalitions and decision-making based on the opinions of a large number of highly qualified specialists.Conclusion. The proposed method can be applied in various scientific and technical fields, such as expert systems, multi-criteria decision making, risk assessment, and other situations where it is necessary to combine the opinions of a large number of experts.

The aim of the study is to build a kinetic model of ethanol distribution in biological body fluids, as well as its implementation in the format of computer programs. Analytical mathematical modeling of ethanol kinetics in body fluids after single and multiple oral alcohol intake was performed. An equation for the distribution of ethanol in internal media and other body fluids has been developed based on a kinetic model of zero-order elimination with absorption and irrevocable absorption deficiency, as well as achieving an equilibrium state with first-order blood plasma. On the basis of this kinetic model, computational algorithms are constructed for estimating the concentration of ethanol in body fluids at a given time, the peak concentration of ethanol and the time of its achievement, the time of complete removal of ethanol, the beginning and end of the false elimination period. Solutions to the problem of determining the amount of ethanol taken by its concentration in the biological fluid and the level of etholemia at this point in time with the possibility of calculating their maximum absolute errors are obtained. The constructed kinetic model is generalized to any number of ethanol receptions separated by time intervals of any duration. The developed computational algorithms are implemented in the format of the computer programs 'Alcohol Calculator V 7.0" and "Alcohol Calculator V 6.0", which are recommended for use in the forensic medical expert assessment of acute alcohol intoxication.

Schemes of polygeneration plants based on carbon dioxide are presented, in which the energy source are secondary energy resources and a gas turbine plant. These polygeneration schemes make it possible to simultaneously produce electricity, heat, cold, carbon dioxide in liquid and gaseous aggregate state, as well as to dispose of part of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, due to its absorption from combustion products and use for commercial and technological purposes. The structure of the mathematical model of the program that has been developed for the exergetic analysis of polygeneration schemes is presented. With the help of the program, an exergetic analysis of polygeneration schemes was performed, in which polygeneration turbine units with different parameters of carbon dioxide in front of the turbine, as well as single and double overheating of carbon dioxide were compared. The exergetic electrical efficiency of polygeneration plants as a whole and its individual elements were taken as the criteria to be compared. Polygeneration plants with double overheating and supercritical parameters of carbon dioxide in front of the turbine have the greatest efficiency. A method for calculating of the economic indicators of polygeneration schemes is presented, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of double overheating and carbon dioxide parameters in the cost of a polygeneration plant. The economic efficiency indicators of various versions of polygeneration schemes, such as the internal rate of return, net discounted income, static and dynamic payback periods are obtained. It has been established that all variants of polygeneration schemes have acceptable indicators of economic efficiency, the static payback period of the proposed polygeneration schemes does not exceed 5 years, while the internal rate of return does not decrease by less than 22,8%.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the doctrine of exhaustion of exclusive rights in respect of computer programs with a focus on the legislation of Russia, the United States, the European Union, China and India. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the doctrine of exhaustion of exclusive rights on intellectual property and propose potential solutions to address problems that may arise. The laws in force in Russia concerning the exhaustion of rights to computer programs are discussed, and it is noted that they are restraining in nature and limit the distribution of computer programs to the first distribution under contracts for the complete alienation of the tangible medium. Although these laws are aimed at protecting the rights of authors and right holders, they also impede the free distribution of computer programs, making it difficult for consumers to access them. Therefore, the article proposes changes in the Russian legislation to ensure free distribution of computer programs, including the possibility of leasing, secondary sale of electronic copies and exchange. It is also proposed to reduce the requirement to recognize the introduction into civil circulation, because the existing wording “sufficient to meet reasonable public needs, based on the nature of the work” is vague and contrary to current international practice. I believe that these changes will help mitigate or circumvent current or future Western sanctions. The analysis underlines the need to improve Russian legislation with respect to the doctrine of exhaustion of exclusive rights. By adopting more flexible laws, Russia can facilitate the free distribution of computer programs while protecting the rights of authors and rightsholders. Such improvements will increase access to software and foster innovation and creativity in the digital age.

Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) has a reported potential to differentiate between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel wall, referred to as histoanatomical differences. A good correlation between histoanatomy and UHFUS of the bowel wall has been proven. In order to perform more precise and objective histoanatomical morphometrics, the main research objective of this study was to develop a computer program for the assessment and automatic calculation of the histoanatomical morphometrics of the bowel wall in UHFUS images. A computer program for UHFUS diagnostics was developed and presented. A user interface was developed in close collaboration between pediatric surgeons and biomedical engineers, to enable interaction with UHFUS images. Images from ex vivo bowel wall samples of 23 children with recto-sigmoid Hirschsprung's disease were inserted. The program calculated both thickness and amplitudes (image whiteness) within different histoanatomical bowel wall layers. Two observers assessed the images using the program and the inter-observer variability was evaluated. There was an excellent agreement between observers, with an intraclass correlation coefficient range of 0.970–0.998. Bland–Altman plots showed flat and narrow distributions. The mean differences ranged from 0.005 to 0.016 mm in thickness and 0 to 0.7 in amplitude units, corresponding to 1.1–3.6% and 0.0–0.8% from the overall mean. The computer program enables and ensures objective, accurate and time-efficient measurements of histoanatomical thicknesses and amplitudes in UHFUS images of the bowel wall. The program can potentially be used for several bowel wall conditions, accelerating research within UHFUS diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the inaccuracies and inconsistencies of the national standard GOST R ISO 7730-2009 "Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of the comfort of the thermal regime using the calculation of PMV and PPD indicators and criteria of local thermal comfort" and similar international standard ISO 7730:2005. These standards are designed to assess the quality of the internal environment in order to comply with international practices both in the field of environmental sustainability and in the field of energy efficiency of construction. The authors have investigated and described inaccuracies and inconsistencies, have proposed their corrections in Sections 4 and 5, which establish the method of calculating the predicted mean estimate (PMV – Predicted Mean Vote) and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied with the temperature environment (PPD – Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied), as well as in Appendix D, which contains a listing of the PMV calculation program in the BASIC language. The paper has been written in accordance with the recommendations developed during the implementation of the international project KO1089 "Green Arctic Building" of the Cross-Border Cooperation Program.

The aim of the study is to construct a mathematical model of the kinetics of multiple ethanol intake based on the kinetic equation of zero-order ethanol elimination with absorption and irrevocable first-order absorption deficiency, as well as its implementation in the format of a computer program. Analytical mathematical modeling of the kinetics of multiple oral administration of ethanol is performed on the basis of this kinetic equation. In the course of modeling, a kinetic summation method was developed that allows to perform a mathematical description of the dynamics of ethanol content in the body in the case of repeated intake of alcoholic beverages of any volume and strength, separated by time intervals of any duration. The developed computational algorithm is implemented in the format of the Alcohol Calculator V 3.0 computer program. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the developed information and computing technology in the forensic assessment of the quantitative alcohol content in the body at a legally relevant time.

This study shows an example of software implementation of previously developed mathematical models [1] for calculating the characteristics of a new type of ice cream. The use of such computer modeling makes it possible to eliminate full-scale experiments, reduce the time for developing a new product, increase the competitiveness of the resulting product, take into account the advantages and needs of consumers, and promote innovative development in the food industry. The “Blending” application has been created, developed in the Visual C++ environment for personal computers running on the Windows operating system, giving the user an effective tool that he can use to calculate the recipes for new varieties of ice cream. The application provides two calculation modes - direct and reverse. In direct calculation, the user can select the recipe for the input ingredients of a new ice cream and analyze the resulting product characteristics. In reverse calculation, the user sets the required product characteristics and their weighting coefficients, and the computer calculates the optimal ratios of input ingredients. As an optimization method in this approach, a modification of the Monte Carlo random search method is proposed. The program uses the number of unsuccessful attempts to generate numbers as a control parameter, so in the process of several experimental runs of the program, the optimal value of this number was found. The practical results of the study are that the developed “Blending” program puts in the hands of the user-technologist a tool that he can use to calculate the recipe for new varieties of ice cream with the addition of blue tea and rose hips, examining the properties of the product on a computer based on computer modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. With the development of personalized medicine based on the achievements of fundamental science, there is a need to introduce the acquired knowledge into practical healthcare. Objective. To evaluate the validity of the express method with a computer support program to determine the probability of developing congenital pneumonia in premature newborns with low birth weight. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of 214 life history data, outcomes of previous pregnancies, complications of present pregnancy in mothers, clinical and laboratory methods of research in 172 premature infants with low body weight who were in the department of anesthesiology and intensive care (with wards for newborns) and the pediatric department for premature newborns in the first three days of life was carried out. Results. According to the data of a comprehensive examination of 108 premature newborns with low birth weight, a mathematical model (z) of the express method z=- 1.56+1.53SM+2.76NP+1.01CFPI+0.87SRGF+0.63TTP+ 2.42RFIII was developed with a universal coefficient χ²=46.84, p<0.001, sensitivity - 76.4%, specificity - 83.0%, the area under the ROC curve AUC=0,84±0,056 (0,76-0,91), p<0.001 and a computer support program to determine the probability of developing congenital pneumonia (http://pneu.bsmu.by). The power test was carried out with an additional set of 64 premature newborns with low birth weight, not included in the resulting model. Conclusions. According to the results of the study of the power of the express method, the sensitivity was 0.94, the specificity was 0.63, the prognostic significance of a positive test result was 0.71, the prognostic significance of a negative test result was 0.91 and the likelihood ratio was 2.50, which indicates the high validity of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed three main sources of error in bladder volume calculation by traditional ultrasound bladder volume formula, which is most commonly used in clinic and built into most ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. In order to solve these errors, we changed the traditional bladder volume formula to calculate bladder volume based on bladder axis to calculate volume based on bladder Section area, and corrected this formula according to actual clinical data to obtain a new formula, which is called the modified ellipsoidal trend formula. This formula can easily calculate the bladder volume manually during ultrasound examination of the bladder. Based on this formula, OpenCV function is applied to build a program for calculating bladder volume through two ultrasound images of bladder. The method is to calculate the total number of pixels in the contour of the bladder image by the program, and convert the number of pixels to area, and calculate the bladder volume using the modified ellipsoidal trend formula. This algorithm can be implanted into Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus or ultrasound workstation to replace the traditional bladder volume formula. In this study, 122 ultrasound cases were used to test the accuracy of the program, and the results showed that the program was more accurate than the traditional bladder volume formula.

Mathematical diagrams of viscosity and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO – SiO2 – Al2 O3 – B2 O3 system were created. To obtain them, experimental studies were carried out using the simplex-lattice method of experiment planning. It was used to study 35 slags containing (wt.%) 9.8-52 CaO, 33.6-70.4 SiO2, 16.0-51.52 Al2 O3, 0-20 B2O3. The experiments were carried out on an electrovibrational viscometer in molybdenum equipment, in a stream of purified argon in the temperature range of 1 473–1 923 K.

Purpose: to develop a methodology for evaluating the reaction of the choice of combat athletes using computer technologies and to conduct research on testing and determining its validity. Materials, participants and methods: the total number of participants in the study was 77 people (mean age: 13.8±0.7 years, 28% girls, 72% boys). To evaluate the choice reaction, the computer program «Visuomotor Choice Reaction» for mobile devices was developed and implemented. The following methods have been studied: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; summarizing best practices; computer programming method; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the study was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the correspondence of the selected colors and shapes to the tasks that should be solved during the test was determined. Measuring the speed of response to a single color and to individual shapes showed that the values are evenly distributed, the range of variation for the response to color was 50,7 ms, and the response to shapes was 133,4 ms. At the second stage, indicators of the reaction of choice were obtained and the operation of the computer program was tested in the "field conditions". The practical application of the program made it possible to obtain indicators of the reaction of the choice of taekwondo novice athletes and determine the stability of its work. The obtained data of the third stage determined the reliability and validity of the proposed method for assessing the reaction of choice. Conclusions: based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the competitive activity of martial artists of various specializations, conversations with coaches and qualified athletes, a computer program «Visuomotor Choice Reaction» was developed to assess the choice reaction. According to the results of the study of the reaction of choice of taekwondo novice athletes using the proposed methodology, in order to test it, it can be argued that the «Visuomotor Choice Reaction» computer program allows you to obtain indicators of sensorimotor reactions, is simple and reliable when using it. According to the results of the correlation and dispersion analysis, it can be argued that the proposed method for assessing the choice reaction is reliable and has a significant level of validity and meets all metrological requirements.

Due to the emerging needs in parallel with the developing technology and industrialization, the importance of renewable energy sources is increasing with the decrease of usable fossil resources and the ever-increasing need for energy. For this reason, solutions are sought to provide the energy needed in a timely, sufficient, and reliable manner. Wind energy has the greatest potential and usage area among renewable energy sources. The wind, which has advantages such as clean, fast commissioning, reliability, and being independent of fuel, is considered a good example of a clean energy source with these features. In this study, the production potential of electrical energy from wind energy was investigated by using wind data for Sinop province. Wind energy potential on the availability of wind energy systems suitable for its natural structure for Sinop province; Visual Basic 6.0 was determined using the computer package program. In the study, hourly wind data were used and analyzes were made for suitable wind energy systems. In addition, for a possible WPPs, analysis has been made and evaluated considering the current data; The availability of wind energy in Sinop province has been tried to be revealed.

Aim of the article is to show present resources in relation to possibilities of preliminary substantiation of rational space for planning processes of minerals deposits development within the limits of developer’s resources and indexes of deposit considering a productive and social infrastructure on certain territory. The European version of design for deposits development possible scenarios can be realized as a reflection of stage-by-stage change of deposit reserves state in their exploitation period as the acyclic graph. Examples of calculations are made in the conditions of the real deposits show that potential of the dynamic programming for optimization of network models is sufficient to compare the best economic and environmental scenarios for the development of mineral deposits. Analysis of existent resources of researches on creation of technology of the optimal planning of the use by nature by the estimation of possibility of calculations of comparison economic and ecological variants of scenarios of mastering of deposit. Demonstration of potential of development of research in direction of optimization of network models by the method of the dynamic programming, what sufficient for realization of economic evaluation of ecological aspect of mastering useful of deposits, brought around to the example of calculations in the conditions of the real deposits. First it offers for the rational use nature as a method of active the state mountain range at working off the deposits of minerals to carry out a design on the ecological and economic criteria of network of mining processes as a stage-by-stage change of the state of their supplies from balance to the eventual products (including wastes of production) of the dynamic programming in accordance with that made decision on every stage must be the best in relation to a process on the whole a method. The realization of this potential for the fundamental research development of on the preliminary substantiation of the technological parameters of deposit development processes, taking into account environmental aspects, allows geologists to identify the most “promising” areas for the search for appropriate minerals, and miners at the pre-project stage to make decisions on the feasibility or sequence of development of similar deposits.

H. Strietz proved in 1975 that the minimum size of a generating set of the partition lattice Part(n) on the n-element set (n ≥ 4) equals 4. This classical result forms the foundation for this study. Strietz's results have been echoed by L. Zádori (1983), who gave a new elegant proof confirming the outcome. Several studies have indeed emerged henceforth concerning four-element generating sets of partition lattices. More recently more studies have presented the approach for the lower bounds on the number λ(n) of the four-element generating sets of Part(n) and statistical approach to λ(n) for small values of n. Also, G. Czédli and the present author have recently proved that certain direct products of partition lattices are also 4-generated. In a recent paper, G. Czédli has shown that this result has connection with information theory. On this basis, here we give a lower bound on the number ν(n) of 4-element generating sets of the direct product Part(n) × Part(n + 1) for n ≥ 7 using the results from previous studies. For n = 1, . . . , 5, we use a computer-aided approach; it gives exact values for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 but we need a statistical method for n = 5.

Ubiquitous computerization and digitalization are contributing to the unprecedented growth of the software market. Computer programs are protected as subject of copyright law in international law and domestic legal systems. However, copyright law does not protect the interests of the copyright holder from borrowing ideas and algorithms which often have agreat commercial value. This circumstance has prompted the legal science and law enforcement practice of the most developed states to justify the possibility of protecting computer programs and their algorithms. The leading states chosen for in this paper are the G20 states. The relevance of this choice is due to the following: 1) The G20 states account for 86% of global GDP; 2) All world leaders in computer software development are G20 members; 3) All BRICS states are G20 members; 4) The law-and-orders of the G20 states are relevant to all existing traditions of the legal protection of intellectual property in the world. The legal systems of the G20 states follow one of three approaches according to the criterion of patentability of computer programs and their algorithms. We call the first approach “neutral.” It includes States which legislation does not explicitly prohibit the patenting of computer programs, but computer programs themselves are not mentioned among the subject matters of inventions. The second (“positive”) approach includes those states which legislation explicitly classifies computer programs as patentable inventions. On the contrary, the third (“negating”) approach includes states where it is legally established that computer programs as such are unpatentable. The results of the research demonstrate that there is no direct correlation between the way of solving the issue of patentability of computer program algorithms in different legal systems and the state’s place in the global IT market. For example, the United States and China take aneutral approach, Japan takes apositive approach, the EU Member States and India take anegating approach. We believe that the most flexible approach is aneutral approach from the point of view of patent law policy. The most liberal and consistent approach is the positive approach presented by the Japanese legal system. Finally, the negating approach is the most controversial and at the same time widespread among the G20 and BRICS states.

Copyright of Journal of Curriculum & Teaching Methodology / Maǧallaẗ al-Manāhiǧ wa-Turūq al-Tadrīs is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mathematical diagrams of viscosity and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO - SiO2 - Al2O3 - B2O3 system were created. To obtain them, experimental studies were carried out using the simplex-lattice method of experiment planning. It was used to study 35 slags containing (wt.%) 9.8-52 CaO, 33.6-70.4 SiO2, 16.0-51.52 Al2O3, 0-20 B2O3. The experiments were carried out on an electrovibrational viscometer in molybdenum equipment, in a stream of purified argon in the temperature range of 1 473-1 923 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes and designs rectangular edges supported by two-way solid slabs using ES EN 1992-1-1:2015. Slab design is often carried out either manually or with the use of design and analytical software. It is observed that some software cannot accept standard codes of a few countries. For example, currently, in Ethiopia, analysis and design of two-way solid slab are done using readily available Excel sheet template. But working with this might have many problems. Notably, the structure that is already analyzed by SAP or SAFE or any other international software application that uses International Codes cannot design a structure using ES EN 1992. For instance, Eurocodes designed by Excel sheet can create failure, uneconomical analysis and poor design result. In this paper, the slab is designed and analyzed based on the chosen concrete grade, reinforcement bar diameter and steel grade for calculations like load, moment, shear and deflection checking using the moment coefficient method and Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 for coding. All input values are given by the International Standard units and are also used to represent output values. Using manual calculations takes a lot of time and mostly the result is not correct. But using this computer program, computation accuracy can be increased and time can be saved. The procedure followed is: first the manual calculation has been done, followed by SADSE2021. The result is that both are 99.9% identical, and the disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used to determine the detailed drawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational methods of determining the operating pressure (Pwf) and flowrate (qsc) of gas wells are particularly important in the petroleum industry because it saves time and serves as a platform for petroleum engineers to perform complex sensitivity analysis on a production system. Sadly, methods to computationally determine the point of intersection between the IPR (Inflow Performance Relationship) and VLP (Vertical Lift Performance) curves are scarce in literature due to their complexity. This study seeks to determine dry gas wells' performance by predicting their bottomhole flowing pressure and corresponding gas flowrate, using the concept of Taylor series expansion. A computer program (TAYNOD) was developed to implement the proposed mathematical model. In addition, a graphical method of computing Pwf and qsc was employed to validate the developed prediction model. The operating pressure and flow rate results were painstakingly read from the charts to obtain the exact solution. The exact values were then contrasted with the results from the developed prediction model. Nevertheless, it was established that the predicted values of Pwf and qsc matched adequately with an R² of 0.937. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to: Know the effect of a program that was built on the strategy of the systematic thinking in developing the grammatical skills of the students of third cycle of basic education in Sana’a. To achieve the goals of this study and to answer its questions, it was based on doing its procedures on ' The descriptive method ' to prepare the theoretical framework and quasi – experimental design that is based on designing two groups (controller – experimental) from the partial regularity that is occurring in appointed conditions and depending on comparing between the results of applying the test (pre – post). According to the related sources, papers and the dependable approach of the study, an achievement test has been done to know the effectiveness of the designed program on developing the grammatical skills. It contains 25 objective questions. Also an experimental design of two groups was done (experimental controller) and after being sure of their equivalence statistically in some variables, the experiment and the materials of the study have been applied on the study's samples represented in (60) students whom have been chosen intentionally and randomly from the students of 8th grade, the third cycle of basic education in Qutaibah ibn Muslim Basic – Secondary school. (Evening period). The sample was divided into two groups equally. The experimental group (30) students, have been taught the grammatical skills using the computerized program designed according to the systematic thinking strategy. And the controller group (30) students have been taught the grammatical skills using the usual way. After finishing the period of applying the experiment, the sample's data have been processed. (pre - post). The results were as follows: There are differences with statistical significance in the level of significance (0.05) between the levels of the students of the two groups. (experimental – controller) in the post application of the grammatical skills that is based on the effect of the independent variable in favor of the experimental group. There are differences with statistical significance in the level of significance (0.05) between the levels of the students of the experimental group in the pre and post application of the grammatical skills that is based on the effect of the variable of time (pre - post) in favor of the post application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data on genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as kinship between individuals, are important for the conservation of animal and plant genetic resources. Often genetic assignment is part of law enforcement of protected endangered species. The software GDA-NT 2021 is a new, freely available user-friendly Windows program that can be used to compute various measures of genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation. It further allows genetic assignment of individuals to populations and enables the calculation of kinship-coefficients and genetic distances among pairs of individuals within populations. GDA-NT 2021 specifically computes the alternative measures for population differentiation Dj and the standardized FST of Hedrick. It has more options to compute exclusion-probabilities in assignment tests, enables self-assignment tests for variable groups of individuals, and allows for information on geographic positions to be accounted for while using permutation tests to assess statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Complex enzymatic models are required for analyzing kinetic data derived under conditions that may not satisfy the assumptions associated with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. To analyze these data, several software packages have been developed. However, the complexity introduced by these programs is often dispensable when analyzing data conforming to the canonical Michaelis–Menten model. In these cases, the sophisticated routines of these packages become inefficient and unnecessarily intricated for the intended purpose, reason for which most users resort to general-purpose graphing programs. However, this approach, in addition of being time-consuming, is prone to human error, and can lead to misleading estimates of kinetic parameters, particularly when unweighted regression analyses of transformed kinetic data are performed. Results To fill the existing gap between highly specialized and general-purpose software, we have developed an easy-to-use R package, renz, designed for accurate and efficient estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters. The package provides different methods that can be clustered into four categories, depending on whether they are based on data fitting to a single progress curve (evolution of substrate concentration over time) or, alternatively, based on the dependency of initial rates on substrate concentration (differential rate equation). A second criterion to be considered is whether the experimental data need to be manipulated to obtain linear functions or, alternatively, data are directly fitted using non-linear regression analysis. The current program is a cross-platform, free and open-source software that can be obtained from the CRAN repository. The package is accompanied by five vignettes, which are intended to guide users to choose the appropriate method in each case, as well as providing the basic theoretical foundations of each method. These vignettes use real experimental data to illustrate the use of the package utilities. Conclusions renz is a rigorous and yet easy-to-use software devoted to the analysis of kinetic data. This application has been designed to meet the needs of users who are not practicing enzymologists, but who need to accurately estimate the kinetic parameters of enzymes. The current software saves time and minimizes the risk of making mistakes or introducing biases due to uncorrected error propagation effects.

This study is aimed to develop a computer program to analyze the color properties of raster images of histological microspecimens used in pathological anatomy and forensic medicine. When developing a computer program, we used the system for building client applications – Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). The system allows you to create applications with visually attractive user interaction capabilities. The programming language is C#, as well as basic graphics capabilities of the .NET Framework system are used. To speed up the display we applied double buffering. In the course of the research, the authors developed a modern computer program «Analysis of color properties of raster images». This program allows you to analyze the color of each individual pixel of a photograph in RGB and Lab color models, comparing the colors and brightness of individual pixels, selecting groups of points and determining statistical characteristics of them. Characteristic points are well distinguishable in the photographs, studied with the program «Analysis of color properties of raster images». This makes it possible to select and automate these properties, using computer recognition algorithms, completely removing human factor’s influence on the analysis results. The computer program «Analysis of color properties of raster images» is of significant scientific and practical interest for specialists both in the field of morphology (pathologists, forensic experts, etc.), and in the field of other biomedical disciplines.