1,779 results on '"Compton scattering"'
Search Results
2. Extracting the electronic structure of light elements in bulk materials through a Compton scattering method in the readily accessible hard x-ray regime.
- Author
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Kothalawala, Veenavee Nipunika, Guruswamy, Tejas, Quaranta, Orlando, Patel, Umeshkumar Manibhai, Gades, Lisa, Taddei, Keith, Yakovenko, Andrey, Zheng, Meiying, Morgan, Kelsey, Weber, Joel, Yan, Daikang, Swetz, Daniel, Makkonen, Ilja, Yeddu, Hemantha Kumar, Bansil, Arun, Ruett, Uta, Miceli, Antonino, Nokelainen, Johannes, and Barbiellini, Bernardo
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HARD X-rays , *COMPTON scattering , *ELECTRONIC structure , *LIGHT elements , *ELECTRON gas , *X-ray absorption near edge structure , *FREE electron lasers - Abstract
Our Compton profile measurements of Ti and TiH2 using readily available hard X-ray radiation at 27.5 keV, detected by both a Hitachi Vortex silicon-drift detector and a high-resolution superconducting transition-edge sensor array, are found to be in excellent accord with state-of-the-art density functional theory based calculations. The spherically averaged difference between the Compton profiles of TiH2 and Ti is well described by an inverted parabola, supporting an itinerant behavior of the electron gas screening the protons in the Ti matrix. Our experimental approach, validated by two different detectors, extends the applicability of Compton scattering technique to the readily accessible hard x-ray regime (below 30 keV). Our study suggests possibilities for experiments at low-flux bending magnet synchrotron beamlines and paves the way for the development of tabletop Compton experiments with x-ray tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Non-thermal emission in M31 and M33.
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Persic, Massimo, Rephaeli, Yoel, and Rando, Riccardo
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SPECTRAL energy distribution , *SPIRAL galaxies , *THERMAL electrons , *COMPTON scattering , *PULSARS , *MAGELLANIC clouds , *SEYFERT galaxies , *HADRONIC atoms - Abstract
Context. Spiral galaxies M31 and M33 are among the γ-ray sources detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Aims. We aim to model the broadband non-thermal emission of the central region of M31 (a LAT point source) and of the disk of M33 (a LAT extended source), as part of our continued survey of non-thermal properties of local galaxies that includes the Magellanic Clouds. Methods. We analysed the observed emission from the central region of M31 (R < 5.5 kpc) and the disk-sized emission from M33 (R ∼ 9 kpc). For each galaxy, we self-consistently modelled the broadband spectral energy distribution of the diffuse non-thermal emission based on published radio and γ-ray data. All relevant radiative processes involving relativistic and thermal electrons (synchrotron, Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and free–free emission and absorption), along with relativistic protons (π0 decay following interaction with thermal protons), were considered, using exact emissivity formulae. We also used the Fermi-LAT-validated γ-ray emissivities for pulsars. Results. Joint spectral analyses of the emission from the central region of M31 and the extended disk of M33 indicate that the radio emission is composed of both primary and secondary electron synchrotron and thermal bremsstrahlung, whereas the γ-ray emission may be explained as a combination of diffuse pionic, pulsar, and nuclear-BH-related emissions in M31 and plain diffuse pionic emission (with an average proton energy density of 0.5 eV cm−3) in M33. Conclusions. The observed γ-ray emission from M33 appears to be mainly hadronic. This situation is similar to other local galaxies, namely, the Magellanic Clouds. In contrast, we have found suggestions of a more complex situation in the central region of M31, whose emission could be an admixture of pulsar emission and hadronic emission, with the latter possibly originating from both the disk and the vicinity of the nuclear black hole. The alternative modelling of the spectra of M31 and M33 is motivated by the different hydrogen distribution in the two galaxies: The hydrogen deficiency in the central region of M31 partially unveils emissions from the nuclear BH and the pulsar population in the bulge and inner disk. If this were to be the case in M33 as well, these emissions would be outshined by diffuse pionic emission originating within the flat central-peak gas distribution in M33. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Manipulation of γ-ray polarization in Compton scattering.
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Wang, Yu, Ababekri, Mamutjan, Wan, Feng, Wen, Jia-Xing, Wei, Wen-Qing, Li, Zhong-Peng, Kang, Hai-Tao, Zhang, Bo, Zhao, Yong-Tao, Zhou, Wei-Min, and Li, Jian-Xing
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COMPTON scattering , *NUCLEAR physics , *ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics) , *POLARIZED photons , *MULTIPHOTON absorption , *ELECTRON beams - Abstract
High-brilliance high-polarization γ rays based on Compton scattering are of great significance in broad areas, such as nuclear physics, high-energy physics, astrophysics, etc. However, the transfer mechanism of spin angular momentum in the transition from linear through weakly into strongly nonlinear processes is still unclear, which severely limits the simultaneous control of brilliance and polarization of high-energy γ rays. In this work, we clarify the transfer mechanism in the transition regions and put forward a clear way to efficiently manipulate the polarization of emitted photons. We find that to simultaneously generate high-energy, high-brilliance, and high-polarization γ rays, it is better to increase the laser intensity for the initially spin-polarized electron beam. However, for the case of employing the initially spin-nonpolarized electron beam, in addition to increasing laser intensity, it is also necessary to increase the energy of the electron beam. Because the γ photon polarization emitted through the single-photon absorption channel is mainly attributed to the spin transfer of laser photons, while in multi-photon absorption channels, the electron spin plays a major role. Moreover, we confirm that the signature of γ-ray polarization can be applied to observing the nonlinear effects (multi-photon absorption) of Compton scattering with moderate-intensity laser facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. N‐representable one‐electron reduced density matrix reconstruction with frozen core electrons.
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Yu, Sizhuo and Gillet, Jean-Michel
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DENSITY matrices , *SEMIDEFINITE programming , *DATA corruption , *ELECTRON density , *ELECTRONS , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
Recent advances in quantum crystallography have shown that, beyond conventional charge density refinement, a one‐electron reduced density matrix (1‐RDM) satisfying N‐representability conditions can be reconstructed using jointly experimental X‐ray structure factors and directional Compton profiles (DCP) through semidefinite programming. So far, such reconstruction methods for 1‐RDM, not constrained to idempotency, have been tested only on a toy model system (CO2). In this work, a new method is assessed on crystalline urea [CO(NH2)2] using static (0 K) and dynamic (50 K) artificial experimental data. An improved model, including symmetry constraints and frozen core‐electron contribution, is introduced to better handle the increasing system complexity. Reconstructed 1‐RDMs, deformation densities and DCP anisotropy are analysed, and it is demonstrated that the changes in the model significantly improve the reconstruction quality, even when there is insufficient information and data corruption. The robustness of the model and the strategy are thus shown to be well adapted to address the reconstruction problem from actual experimental scattering data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Quantum error channels in high energetic photonic systems.
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Hiesmayr, B. C., Krzemień, W., and Bała, M.
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POSITRON emission tomography , *QUANTUM computing , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
In medical applications—such as positron emission tomography (PET)—511 keV photons that experience Compton scattering are studied. We present a consistent framework based on quantum error-correction channels—intensively studied in quantum computing—to fully describe the quantum information-theoretic content of high energetic photons undergoing Compton scattering, characterized by the Klein–Nishina formula in unoriented matter. In this way, we can predict the expected spatial distribution of two or more, pure or mixed, polarization entangled or separable photons. This framework allows us to characterize the accessible and inaccessible information for different parameter ranges. It also answers the question of how to describe successive multi-photon scattering. In addition our formalism provides a complete framework for dealing with single and all multi-partite errors that can occur in the propagation, providing the basis for modeling future dedicated experiments that will then have applications in medicine, such as reducing errors in PET imaging or exploring possibilities for quantum-based diagnostic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Quantum error channels in high energetic photonic systems.
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Hiesmayr, B. C., Krzemień, W., and Bała, M.
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POSITRON emission tomography , *QUANTUM computing , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
In medical applications—such as positron emission tomography (PET)—511 keV photons that experience Compton scattering are studied. We present a consistent framework based on quantum error-correction channels—intensively studied in quantum computing—to fully describe the quantum information-theoretic content of high energetic photons undergoing Compton scattering, characterized by the Klein–Nishina formula in unoriented matter. In this way, we can predict the expected spatial distribution of two or more, pure or mixed, polarization entangled or separable photons. This framework allows us to characterize the accessible and inaccessible information for different parameter ranges. It also answers the question of how to describe successive multi-photon scattering. In addition our formalism provides a complete framework for dealing with single and all multi-partite errors that can occur in the propagation, providing the basis for modeling future dedicated experiments that will then have applications in medicine, such as reducing errors in PET imaging or exploring possibilities for quantum-based diagnostic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Spectral information content of Compton scattering events in silicon photon counting detectors.
- Author
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Hsieh, Scott S. and Taguchi, Katsuyuki
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PHOTON detectors , *COMPTON effect , *THRESHOLD energy , *PHOTOELECTRIC effect , *SILICON , *WATER filters , *COMPTON scattering , *PHOTON counting - Abstract
Background: Silicon (Si) is a possible sensor material for photon counting detectors (PCDs). A major drawback of Si is that roughly two‐thirds of x‐ray interactions in the diagnostic energy range are Compton scattering. Because Compton scattering is an energy‐insensitive process, it is commonly assumed that Compton events retain little spectral information. Purpose: To quantify how much information can be recovered from Compton scattering events in models of Si PCDs. Methods: We built a simplified model of Si interactions including two interaction mechanisms: photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. We considered three different binning options that represent strategies for handling Compton events: in Compton censoring, all events under 38 keV (the maximum energy possible from Compton scattering for a 120 keV incident photon) were discarded; in Compton counting, all events between 1 and 38 keV were placed into a single bin; in Compton binning, all events were placed into energy bins of uniform width. These were compared to the ideal detector, which always recorded the correct energy (i.e., 100% photoelectric effect). Every photon was assumed to interact once and only once with Si, and the energy bin width was 5 keV. In the primary analysis, the Si detector was irradiated with a 120 kV spectrum filtered by 30 cm of water, with 99.5% of the arriving spectrum above 38 keV so that there was good separation between photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, and the figures of merit were the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the variance of iodine and water basis material decomposition images, as well as the CRLB of virtual monoenergetic images (i.e., linear combinations of material images) that maximize iodine CNR or water CNR. We also constructed a local linear estimator that attains the CRLB. In secondary analyses, we applied other sources of spectral distortion: (1) a nonzero minimum energy threshold; (2) coarser, 10 keV energy bins; and (3) a model of charge sharing. Results: With our chosen spectrum, 67% of the interactions were Compton scattering. Consistent with this, the material decomposition variance for the Compton censoring model, averaged over both basis materials, was 258% greater than the ideal detector. If Compton events carried no spectral information, the Compton counting model would show similar variance. Instead, its basis material variance was 103% greater than the ideal detector, implying that Compton counts indeed carry significant spectral information. The Compton binning model had a basis material variance 60% greater than the ideal detector. The Compton binning model was not affected by a 5 keV minimum energy threshold, but the variance increased from 60% to 107% when charge sharing was included and to 78% with coarser energy bins. For optimized CNR images, the average variance was 149%, 12%, and 10% higher than the ideal detector for the Compton censoring, counting, and binning models, reinforcing the hypothesis that Compton counts are useful for detection tasks and that precise energy assignments are not necessary. Conclusions: Substantial spectral information remains after Compton scattering events in silicon PCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Scintillation characteristics of the EJ-299-02H scintillator.
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Floyd, N., Hassan, Md. T., Tang, Z., Krivoš, M., Blatnik, M., Cude-Woods, C., Clayton, S. M., Holley, A. T., Ito, T. M., Johnson, B. A., Liu, C.-Y., Makela, M., Morris, C. L., Navazo, A. S. C., O'Shaughnessy, C. M., Renner, E. L., Pattie, R. W., and Young, A. R.
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SCINTILLATORS , *ULTRACOLD neutrons , *BETA rays , *COMPTON scattering , *ELECTRON scattering , *THRESHOLD energy - Abstract
A study of the dead layer thickness and quenching factor of a plastic scintillator for use in ultracold neutron (UCN) experiments is described. Alpha spectroscopy was used to determine the thickness of a thin surface dead layer to be 630 ± 110 nm. The relative light outputs from the decay of 241Am and Compton scattering of electrons were used to extract Birks' law coefficient, yielding a kB value of 0.087 ± 0.003 mm/MeV, consistent with some previous reports for other polystyrene-based scintillators. The results from these measurements are incorporated into the simulation to show that an energy threshold of (∼9 keV) can be achieved for the UCNProBe experiment. This low threshold enables high beta particle detection efficiency and the indirect measurement of UCN. The ability to make the scintillator deuterated, accompanied by its relatively thin dead layer, gives rise to unique applications in a wide range of UCN experiments, where it can be used to trap UCN and detect charged particles in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Model of a "Warm Corona" as the origin of the soft X-ray excess of active galactic nuclei.
- Author
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Kawanaka, Norita and Mineshige, Shin
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ACTIVE galactic nuclei , *SOFT X rays , *BINARY black holes , *COMPTON scattering , *ACCRETION (Astrophysics) , *ACCRETION disks - Abstract
The soft X-ray excess in the spectra of active galactic nuclei is characterized by similar electron temperatures of 0.1–0.3 keV and similar photon indices around 2.2–3, if fitted with inverse Comptonization. It remains a puzzle why both values are not sensitive to the black hole mass nor the accretion rate. Supposing that the scattering-dominated surface layer of an accretion disk can act as a warm corona, we construct a vertical one-zone model to understand what determines its temperature. By solving the equations of (1) the condition for the effective optical depth, (2) the energy balance, and (3) the dominance of the Compton cooling over the bound–free cooling, we could reproduce the basic observational features of the soft excess, provided that anomalous heating (excess heating other than what is expected by local energy dissipation) takes place in the warm corona in agreement with similar studies done so far. The similar temperatures can be understood, since both the anomalous heating and Compton cooling rates are proportional to the dissipation rate of the accretion energy, while similar photon indices are a natural consequence of the fact that observed photons are finally emitted from the layer of Compton y ∼ 1. The soft excess is not observed in black hole binaries, since disk temperatures are too high for the Compton scattering to work as cooling. The derived temperatures are somewhat of an underestimation, however. This may indicate a necessity of multi-zone corona structure. The stability of the warm corona and its consequences are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. 3D scaling laws and projection effects in The300-NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zeldovich Large Program Twin Samples.
- Author
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Paliwal, A., Cui, W., de Andrés, D., De Petris, M., Ferragamo, A., Hanser, C., Macías-Pérez, J.-F., Mayet, F., Moyer-Anin, A., Muñoz-Echeverría, M., Perotto, L., Rasia, E., and Yepes, G.
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SUNYAEV-Zel'dovich effect , *SCALING laws (Statistical physics) , *GALAXY clusters , *STELLAR mass , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
The abundance of galaxy clusters with mass and redshift is a wellknown cosmological probe. The cluster mass is a key parameter for studies that aim to constrain cosmological parameters using galaxy clusters, making it critical to understand and properly account for the errors in its estimates. Subsequently, it becomes important to correctly calibrate scaling relations between observables like the integrated Compton parameter and the mass of the cluster. The NIKA2 Sunyaev-Zeldovich Large program (LPSZ) enables one to map the intracluster medium profiles in the mm–wavelength band with great details (resolution of 11 & 17″ at 1.2 & 2 mm, respectively) and hence, to estimate the cluster hydrostatic mass more precisely than previous SZ observations. However, there are certain systematic effects which can only be accounted for with the use of simulations. For this purpose, we employ The Three Hundred simulations which have been modelled with a range of physics modules to simulate galaxy clusters. The so-called twin samples are constructed by picking synthetic clusters of galaxies with properties close to the observational targets of the LPSZ. In particular, we use the Compton parameter maps and projected total mass maps of these twin samples along 29 different lines of sight. We investigate the scatter that projection induces on the total masses. Eventually, we consider the statistical values along different lines of sight to construct a kind of 3D scaling law between the integrated Compton parameter, total mass, and overdensity of the galaxy clusters to determine the overdensity that is least impacted by the projection effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Temperature measurements with the relativistic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.
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Perrott, Y.
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SUNYAEV-Zel'dovich effect , *TEMPERATURE measurements , *RELATIVISTIC astrophysics , *TELESCOPES , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
At temperatures above ∼5 keV, the non-relativistic approximation used to derive the classical thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect spectrum begins to fail. When relativistic effects are included, the spectrum becomes temperature-dependent. This leads to both a problem and an opportunity: a problem, because when the temperature dependence is not accounted for the Compton-y estimate is biased; and an opportunity, because it represents a new way to measure the temperature of the intracluster medium independently of X-ray observations. This work presents current results from investigating the impact of relativistic effects on Planck cluster observations, and projections for future measurements of cluster temperatures using the Atacama Large Aperture Sub-millimetre Telescope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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13. Systematic effects on the upcoming NIKA2 LPSZ scaling relation.
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Moyer-Anin, A., Adam, R., Ade, P., Ajeddig, H., André, P., Artis, E., Aussel, H., Bartalucci, I., Beelen, A., Benoît, A., Berta, S., Bing, L., Bourrion, O., Calvo, M., Catalano, A., De Petris, M., Désert, F.-X., Doyle, S., Driessen, E.F.C., and Ejlali, G.
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GALAXY clusters , *STELLAR mass , *COMPTON scattering , *REDSHIFT , *X-rays - Abstract
In cluster cosmology, cluster masses are the main parameter of interest. They are needed to constrain cosmological parameters through the cluster number count. As the mass is not an observable, a scaling relation is needed to link cluster masses to the integrated Compton parameters Y, i.e. the Sunyaev-Zeldovich observable (SZ). Planck cosmological results obtained with cluster number counts are based on a scaling relation measured with clusters at low redshift (z<0.5) observed in SZ and X-ray. In the SZ Large Program (LPSZ) of the NIKA2 collaboration, the scaling relation will be obtained with a sample of 38 clusters at intermediate to high redshift (0.5 < z < 0.9) and observed at high angular resolution in both SZ and X-ray. Thanks to analytical simulation of LPSZ-like samples, we take into account the LPSZ selection function and correct for its effects. Besides, we show that white and correlated noises in the SZ maps do not affect the scaling relation estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Towards measurements of CMB spectral distortions.
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Coulon, Xavier, Maffei, Bruno, and Aghanim, Nabila
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COSMIC background radiation , *OPTICAL distortion , *SPECTRAL energy distribution , *COMPTON scattering , *SPECTRUM analysis - Abstract
High-precision spectroscopy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the three themes that have been selected by the ESA Voyage 2050 programme. Several space missions dedicated to the measurement of the CMB spectral distortions such as PIXIE, PRISTINE, and FOSSIL have been proposed since 2011. Additionally, balloon-borne projects, such as BISOU, have also been considered as a pathfinder for a future space mission. This paper presents an effort undertaken to define future missions and instruments dedicated to the measurement of the CMB spectral distortions. For this purpose, models allowing to optimize both instrument concept and mission parameters (mission duration, scanning strategy, ...) have been developed. It has been applied to two specific cases, FOSSIL, a space mission proposed to answer the ESA M7 call in 2022 , and BISOU, a CNES Phase 0 study for a balloon-borne mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Galaxy clusters morphology with Zernike polynomials: The first application on Planck Compton parameter maps.
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Capalbo, V., De Petris, M., Cui, W., Ferragamo, A., Ruppin, F., and Yepes, G.
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GALAXY clusters , *ZERNIKE polynomials , *COMPTON scattering , *PLANCK (Artificial satellite) , *HYDRODYNAMICS - Abstract
The study of the morphology of 2D projected maps of galaxy clusters is a suitable approach to infer, from real data, the dynamical state of those systems. We recently developed a new method to recover the morphological features in galaxy cluster maps which consists of an analytical modelling through the Zernike polynomials. The validation of this approach was done on a set of high-resolution mock maps of the Compton parameter y. These maps are from hydrodynamically simulated galaxy clusters in The Three Hundred project. After this step, we apply the Zernike modelling on y-maps of local (z < 0.1) galaxy clusters observed by the Planck satellite. With a single parameter collecting the main information of the Zernike modelling, we classify their morphology. A set of mock Planck-like y-maps, generated from The Three Hundred clusters, is also used to validate our indicator with a proper dynamical state classification. This approach allows us to test the efficiency of the Zernike morphological modelling in evaluating the dynamical population in the real Planck sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. An updated and improved thermal SZ y-map from Planck PR4 data.
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Chandran, Jyothis, Remazeilles, Mathieu, and Barreiro, R.B.
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SUNYAEV-Zel'dovich effect , *COMPTON scattering , *NOISE control , *SENSITIVITY analysis , *ASTRONOMICAL observations - Abstract
In 2015, the Planck Collaboration released an all-sky map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect, obtained by implementing the needlet internal linear combination (NILC) method on the Planck PR2 data. The quality of the Planck data has significantly improved since then. The Planck PR4 data release offers upgraded full-sky maps in the LFI and HFI frequency bands with improved systematics and sensitivity. We present a new all-sky thermal SZ Compton y-parameter map derived from the Planck PR4 data using NILC and highlight improvements, particularly in noise reduction and handling residual foreground contamination. The PR4 NILC Compton y-parameter map has been made publicly available to support further analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Polarization of Compton-Scattered Prompt Gamma-Ray Technique for HEU Detection at 186 keV.
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Mutiso, Athanas, Alajo, Ayodeji B., and Liu, Xin
- Abstract
AbstractPrompt gamma-ray polarization is a practical method for detecting highly enriched uranium (HEU) in concealed sources. It also provides information on their geometry, magnetic fields, and radiation mechanisms. However, prompt gamma-ray polarization measurements have rarely been applied in nuclear nonproliferation areas to detect HEU. In this study, the feasibility of detecting the characteristic energy peak of 186 keV, which is associated with the asymmetry of the activation mechanism and the detection of energy-dependent polarization from concealed HEU sources, was evaluated using the Compton scattering approach. A Monte Carlo N-particle transport code simulation was used to realize the activation mechanism of HEU via two 1.4-mm strips of converter material [i.e., cesium lead tribromide (CsPbBr3)], transported by secondary scattered gamma rays during the three-stage process of Compton scattering, polarization, and detection.This paper presents the mathematical model, the physics of Compton scattering, and the polarization mechanism for the detection technique. In this case, the physics is relevant to both processes in which the emitted secondary scattered gamma rays undergo initial orthogonal polarization. Specifically, to meet the objective of testing the technical protocol for the enhanced detection of energy peaks associated with HEU, particularly 186 keV, simulations were conducted to quantify the HEU volume and neutron source strength in the MCNP data card to perform error analysis. The detector system had the potential to acquire good resolved photopeak with a 4.5% relative error or less, with a 1 Ci source activity, and a peak-to-background ratio of 1.15. This resolution took 163 s for high-purity germanium detection, which is comparable to current methods used for material detection placed within 100 to 900 s to completion. The small error difference was due to the attributes of the phenomenal enhancement properties of cesium tribromide and polarimetry. The identified photo peaks included K-shell X-rays from 235U, 61 keV from fission, 511-keV annihilation, and the peak of interest at 186 keV.The result from spectral analyses showed clear signatures related to pure and adulterated HEU. HEU detection with the low neutron yield and the easiness of shielding the yield of the HEU sample showed that the HEU characterization was feasible when shielded, with the highest success rate under both enhancement approaches. The optimization and scale-up of this technique are expected to enhance its applications in a large-scale HEU detection design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Investigation of radiation shielding parameters of boron compounds.
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Levet, Aytaç
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RADIATION shielding , *BORON compounds , *TITANIUM hydride , *BORON carbides , *ELECTRON density , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
The radiation shielding parameters such as effective atomic number, effective electron density, mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL) and tenth value layer (TVL) were calculated experimentally and theoretically for Boron Carbide(BC4), Boron nitride (BN), Boric acid (H3BO3), Iron boride (Fe2B), Lanthanum borate (BLaO3), Sodium borohydride (NaBH4), Borax (Na2H20B4O17), Titanium diboride (TiB2), and Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) compounds. In experimental measurements, the compounds were irradiated by 137Ba, 152Eu and 241Am radioactive gamma-ray sources. The theoretical results obtained with the help of the WinXCom computer program were compared with the experimental results and they were found to be in good agreement. Moreover, energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) values were calculated for compounds using the geometric progression (G.P.) fitting formula for the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV and penetration depth up to 40 mfp (mean free path). Buildup factors (EABF, EBF) increased with increasing penetration depth. In general, the buildup factors for all compounds formed a Gaussian curve and had the highest values in the energy range dominated by Compton scattering. As a result of the findings obtained in the study, it was seen that Lanthanum borate gave the best results in radiation shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Pressure Distribution Inside Nucleons in a Tsallis-MIT Bag Model.
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Matías Astorga, Manuel A. and Herrera Corral, Gerardo
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PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) , *COMPTON scattering , *HADRONS , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *FACTOR analysis - Abstract
We present a phenomenological framework based on the MIT bag model to estimate the pressure experienced by quarks and gluons inside nucleons. This is accomplished by implementing non-extensive Tsallis statistics for the two-component system. In this model of hadrons, the strong interaction generates correlations effectively described by the q-Tsallis parameter. The resulting hadron pressure exhibits general agreement with recent calculations derived from Lattice QCD. Additionally, we compared this pressure with data extracted from deep virtual Compton scattering experiments and gravitational form factor analyses. The extended bag model provides an alternative interpretation of bag pressure in terms of the q-Tsallis parameter. Consequently, the MIT bag model can be expressed without requiring the inclusion of the bag pressure parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Polarization of recoil photon in nonlinear Compton process.
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Titov, A. I.
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POLARIZED photons , *DIFFERENTIAL cross sections , *QUANTUM electrodynamics , *RELATIVISTIC electrons , *POLARIZED electrons , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
The polarization of recoil photon ( γ ′ ) in the nonlinear Compton process e + L → → γ → ′ + e ′ in the interaction of a relativistic electron with a linearly polarized laser beam ( L → ) is studied within the Furry picture in the lowest order, tree-level S matrix element. In particular, we consider the asymmetry of differential cross sections A for two independent axes describing the Compton process equal to the intrinsic spin variable ξ 3 f that determines the polarization properties of γ ′ . The sign and absolute value of the asymmetry determine the direction and degree of γ ′ polarization. We have analyzed the process in a wide range of laser intensity that covers existing and future experiments. Our results provide additional knowledge for studying nonlinear multi-photon effects in quantum electrodynamics and can be used in planning experiments at envisaged laser facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Combining lattice QCD and phenomenological inputs on generalised parton distributions at moderate skewness.
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Riberdy, Michael Joseph, Dutrieux, Hervé, Mezrag, Cédric, and Sznajder, Paweł
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ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *PARTONS , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *COMPTON scattering , *DATA mining , *DATA extraction - Abstract
We present a systematic study demonstrating the impact of lattice QCD data on the extraction of generalised parton distributions (GPDs). For this purpose, we use a previously developed modelling of GPDs based on machine learning techniques fulfilling the theoretical requirements of polynomiality, a form of positivity constraint and known reduction limits. A special care is given to estimate the uncertainty stemming from the ill-posed character of the connection between GPDs and the experimental processes usually considered to constrain them, like deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS). Moke lattice QCD data inputs are included in a Bayesian framework to a prior model based on an Artificial Neural Network. This prior model is fitted to reproduce the most experimentally accessible information of a phenomenological extraction by Goloskokov and Kroll. We highlight the impact of the precision, correlation and kinematic coverage of lattice data on GPD extraction at moderate ξ which has only been brushed in the literature so far, paving the way for a joint extraction of GPDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Very high energy gamma-rays from GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A with external Compton emission.
- Author
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Barnard, Monica, Razzaque, Soebur, and Joshi, Jagdish C
- Subjects
- *
GAMMA ray bursts , *COMPTON scattering , *COSMIC background radiation , *INVERSE Compton scattering , *RELATIVISTIC electrons , *INTERSTELLAR medium - Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprise short, bright, energetic flashes of emission from extragalactic sources followed by a longer afterglow phase of decreased brightness. Recent discoveries of very high energy (VHE, ≳100 GeV) afterglow emission from GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A by the High Energy Stereoscopic System have raised questions regarding the emission mechanism responsible. We interpret this observed late-time emission to be the result of inverse Compton emission of ultrarelativistic electrons in the GRB blast wave in an external radiation field, i.e. external Compton (EC), considering both the wind and interstellar medium scenarios. We present predictions of multiwavelength light curves and energy spectra, ranging from optical to VHE, and include the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) radiation mechanisms as well. We corrected the EC and SSC models for the gamma-ray attenuation by absorption of photons through their interaction with the extragalactic background light. We compared our results to multiwavelength data and found that EC gives a satisfactory fit for a given set of fixed model parameters for GRB 180720B, whereas SSC results in a better fit for GRB 190829A. For both GRBs, a wind environment is preferred over constant-density interstellar medium, and the cosmic microwave background as the external radiation field. However, with more data and an effective optimization tool we can find a more robust fit of the model, implying better constraints on the GRB environment and the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. This has consequences for future observations of GRBs at these extreme energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Analogy between a moving line source illuminating a metallic wire and Compton scattering experiment.
- Author
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Marvasti, Mohammad and Boutayeb, Halim
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *METALLIC wire , *MAXWELL equations , *FINITE differences , *ELECTROMAGNETIC fields , *WIRE - Abstract
This paper presents an electromagnetic analysis of a moving infinitely long line source illuminating an infinitely long metallic wire at rest. The study uses the full‐wave numerical finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which is based on the spatial and temporal discretization of Maxwell's equations. Movement is computed within the FDTD technique by varying the position of the line source at each time loop. An analogy is proposed between the wavelength spectrum of the simulated electromagnetic field and the Compton scattering experiment. A good agreement is obtained between theoretical analysis, numerical results, and Compton experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Project of a Compact X-ray Source on Inverse Compton Scattering at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI.
- Author
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Dyubkov, V. S., Polozov, S. M., and Rashchikov, V. I.
- Subjects
- *
INVERSE Compton scattering , *NUCLEAR research , *BEAM dynamics , *STORAGE rings , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
The structure of a compact X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering and the beam dynamics in the linac and the storage ring is considered. The features of collective effects in the storage rings of such installations are studied in compaаrison with fourth-generation SR sources. The thresholds of longitudinal microwave instability and transverse instability of coupled modes are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. κmonty: a Monte Carlo Compton scattering code including non-thermal electrons.
- Author
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Davelaar, Jordy, Ryan, Benjamin R, Wong, George N, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Olivares, Hector, Mościbrodzka, Monika, Gammie, Charles F, and Falcke, Heino
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *THERMAL electrons , *SUPERMASSIVE black holes , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *ELECTRON distribution , *ELECTRON scattering - Abstract
Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei are strong sources of X-ray emission produced by Compton scattering originating from the accretion flows surrounding their supermassive black holes. The shape and energy of the resulting spectrum depend on the shape of the underlying electron distribution function (DF). In this work, we present an extended version of the grmonty code, called κmonty. The grmonty code previously only included a thermal Maxwell–Jütner electron DF. We extend the grmonty code with non-thermal electron DFs, namely the κ and power-law DFs, implement Cartesian Kerr–Schild coordinates, accelerate the code with mpi , and couple the code to the non-uniform adaptive mesh refinement grid data from the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code bhac. For the Compton scattering process, we derive two sampling kernels for both DFs. Finally, we present a series of code tests to verify the accuracy of our schemes. The implementation of non-thermal DFs opens the possibility of studying the effect of non-thermal emission on previously developed black hole accretion models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Assessment of hybrid density functional in revealing electronic response and half-metallic character of TM2O3 (TM = Ti, V and Cr) and their Compton spectroscopy.
- Author
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Heda, N L, Suthar, Hukmi Chand, Kumar, Kishor, Ahuja, Ushma, and Ahuja, B L
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON imaging , *ATOMIC orbitals , *DENSITY functional theory , *TRANSITION metals , *ENERGY bands , *HEUSLER alloys - Abstract
Compton profiles (CPs) of TM2O3 (TM = Ti, V and Cr) have been measured using 100 mCi 241Am Compton spectrometer. The experimental momentum densities have been used to check the applicability of exchange-correlation energies using pure and hybrid density functional theory (DFT). Present ab-initio computations have been accomplished using the texture of Gaussian orbitals within linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) scheme. Based on experimental and theoretical CPs, hybrid DFT schemes namely B3LYP and PBESOL0 have shown better performance than pure DFT (within local density and generalized gradient approximation), whereas the best agreement (through χ2 fitting of goodness) is obtained for B3LYP prescriptions. Besides Compton spectroscopy, the spin-up (↑) energy bands and density of states (DOS) have confirmed the metallic nature of all three compounds, whereas the spin-down (↓) energy bands and DOS for Ti2O3 and V2O3 have shown a peculiar semiconducting behaviour leading to their very peculiar half-metallic character. Further, higher values of charge transfer from all the 3d transition elements to O atoms, as witnessed using Mulliken's population analysis, show a dominancy of ionic nature in these oxides. Equally normalized CPs of these oxides show that the 3d electrons in oxide environment are delocalized (in real space) in the ascending sequence Cr→V→Ti, which is in contrast to their elemental-free atom environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Entanglement entropy of Compton scattering with a witness.
- Author
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Shivashankara, Shanmuka
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *QUANTUM entropy , *PHOTON pairs , *POLARIZED photons , *STOKES parameters , *THOMSON scattering , *DENSITY matrices , *ENTROPY , *ELECTRON scattering - Abstract
Unitarity and the optical theorem are used to derive the reduced density matrices of Compton scattering in the presence of a witness particle. Two photons are initially entangled wherein one photon participates in Compton scattering, while the other is a witness, i.e., does not interact with the electron. Unitarity is shown to require that the entanglement entropy of the witness photon does not change after its entangled partner undergoes scattering. The final mutual information of the electron's and witness particle's polarizations is shown to be nonzero for low-energy Compton scattering. This indicates that the two particles became correlated in spite of no direct interaction. Assuming an initial maximally entangled state, the change in entanglement entropy of the scattered photon's polarization is calculated in terms of Stokes parameters. A common ratio of areas occurs in the final reduced density matrix elements, von Neumann entropies, Stokes parameter, and mutual information. This common ratio consists of the Thomson scattering cross-section and an accessible regularized scattering area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. NLO corrections to the deeply virtual meson production revisited: impact on the extraction of generalized parton distributions.
- Author
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Čuić, Marija, Duplančić, Goran, Kumerički, Krešimir, and Passek-K, Kornelija
- Subjects
- *
MESONS , *COMPTON scattering , *VECTOR mesons , *PARTONS , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *HADRONS - Abstract
We revisit the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD corrections for the deeply virtual meson production (DVMP) process, exploring its phenomenology both in isolation and in a multichannel fit combined with deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS). Our approach involves the conformal partial wave (CPaW) formalism, which allows for the straightforward inclusion of higher-order contributions and evolutionary effects. Our findings indicate that a description of the longitudinal component of the vector meson DVMP cross-section at high energies is achievable only at NLO within the standard collinear approach. Furthermore, we demonstrate a simultaneous description of DIS, DVCS, and DVMP processes, providing insights into the proton structure described at NLO by unique universal generalized parton distribution (GPD) functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dual-radionuclide in vivo imaging of micro-metastasis and lymph tract with submillimetre resolution.
- Author
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Yagishita, Atsushi, Takeda, Shin'ichiro, Ohnuki, Kazunobu, Katsuragawa, Miho, Sampetrean, Oltea, Fujii, Hirofumi, and Takahashi, Tadayuki
- Subjects
- *
SINGLE-photon emission computed tomography , *RADIONUCLIDE imaging , *COMPTON scattering , *MICROMETASTASIS , *COLLIMATORS , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Multi-radionuclide in vivo imaging with submillimetre resolution can be a potent tool for biomedical research. While high-resolution radionuclide imaging faces challenges in sensitivity, multi-radionuclide imaging encounters difficulty due to radiation contamination, stemming from crosstalk between radionuclides and Compton scattering. Addressing these challenges simultaneously is imperative for multi-radionuclide high-resolution imaging. To tackle this, we developed a high-spatial-resolution and high-energy-resolution small animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanner, named CdTe-DSD SPECT-I. We first assessed the feasibility of multi-tracer SPECT imaging of submillimetre targets. Using the CdTe-DSD SPECT-I, we performed SPECT imaging of submillimetre zeolite spheres absorbed with 125I- and subsequently imaged 125I-accumulated spheroids of 200–400 µm in size within an hour, achieving clear and quantitative images. Furthermore, dual-radionuclide phantom imaging revealed a distinct image of the submillimetre sphere absorbed with 125I- immersed in a 99mTc-pertechnetate solution, and provided a fair quantification of each radionuclide. Lastly, in vivo imaging was conducted on a cancer-bearing mouse with lymph node micro-metastasis using dual-tracers. The results displayed dual-tracer images of lymph tract by 99mTc-phytic acid and the submillimetre metastatic lesion by 125I-, shown to align with the immunofluorescence image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Fundamental Gamma Rays and Charge Particle Interactions of the CeBr3 Scintillator.
- Author
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Chaiphaksa, W., Cheewasukhanont, W., Kaewkhao, J., and Sangwaranatee, N.
- Subjects
- *
PARTICLE interactions , *SCINTILLATORS , *MASS attenuation coefficients , *NUCLEAR energy , *COMPTON scattering , *PAIR production , *GAMMA rays - Abstract
The research aims to study the primary interaction between gamma radiation in CeBr3 crystal. The analysis of mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Neff), mean free path (MFP), and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) was evaluated using the using the WinXCom software. Also, the interaction with charged particles as the total mass stopping power (TMSP), projected range (PR) of proton ( H 1 1 ) and alpha ( H 2 4 e ) particles were evaluated by SRIM programming. The results found that the MAC depends on the energy ranges, the photoelectric effect is the main interaction at low energy ranges, Compton scattering phenomena illustrate and evidents at intermediate energy ranges, and pair production characteristics dominate over on 1.022 MeV in high energy ranges. Moreover, absorption edges appear on energy's discontinuity at low energy. The Zeff and Neff show similar trends and correspond to the energy ranges. The MFP of the CeBr3 compared with some standard scintillators such as NaI and BGO crystal and found that the BGO responds to faster interaction than CeBr3 and NaI crystals. The EABF shows scattering energies followed by atomic equivalent (Zeq), and they also increase with increasing penetration depth (mfp). The TMSP and PR depend on charged particles, density, and the unit path distance of a material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. On the Influence of Magnetic Turbulence on the Spectra of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows.
- Author
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Uvarov, Yu. A. and Bykov, A. M.
- Subjects
- *
RADIATION , *SYNCHROTRON radiation , *GAMMA ray bursts , *PHOTON scattering , *COMPTON scattering , *TURBULENCE - Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the phenomena of rapid energy release of enormous power associated with the collapse or merging of stars. As a result of internal processes, populations of nonthermal accelerated particles radiating in a wide energy range are formed in them. A number of observations have shown that photons with energies up to tens of TeV are detected from some GRBs. However, due to the great energy losses of radiating particles, the explanation of this high-energy radiation in terms of standard radiation mechanisms runs into great difficulties. In this paper, based on the model of adiabatic expansion for the GRB afterglow phase, we investigate the influence of magnetic inhomogeneities on the spectra within the electron and proton synchrotron radiation mechanism by taking into account the Compton scattering of synchrotron photons. We show that the magnetic inhomogeneity effect can increase the maximum energies of the synchrotron radiation from electrons and protons several fold without affecting the maximum energies of the Compton photons being produced in the Klein–Nishina regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Lasing below 170 nm using an oscillator FEL.
- Author
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Wu, Y. K., Mikhailov, S., Yan, J., Wallace, P., Popov, V., Pentico, M., Swift, G., Ahmed, M. W., Kochanneck, L., Ehlers, H., and Jensen, L. O.
- Subjects
- *
PROTECTIVE coatings , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *COMPTON scattering , *UNDULATOR radiation , *STORAGE rings - Abstract
The short wavelength operation of free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators is limited by the availability of high-reflectivity, thermally stable, and radiation-resistant FEL mirrors in the vacuum UV (VUV) wavelength. We report our recent work to extend the shortest lasing wavelength of the oscillator FEL to 168.6 nm using a storage ring FEL. This progress has been made possible by developing a new FEL configuration with substantially reduced undulator harmonic radiation on the FEL mirror, a thermally stable FEL optical cavity, and a new type of high-reflectivity fluoride-based multilayer coating with a protective capping layer. Using these fluoride-based mirrors, we have demonstrated storage ring FEL lasing from 168.6 to 179.7 nm with excellent beam stability. Employing this VUV FEL in Compton scattering, we have produced the first 120 MeV gamma rays at the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source (HIGS). Operating the HIGS in this new high-energy region will create many new opportunities for photonuclear physics research, in particular, the low-energy quantum chromodynamics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Radiation hydrodynamics in a moving plasma with Compton scattering: Revisited.
- Author
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Fukue, J
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *RADIATION , *TERMINAL velocity , *HYDRODYNAMICS , *ACOUSTIC radiation , *STELLAR photospheres , *RELATIVISTIC electrons - Abstract
Radiation hydrodynamical equations with Compton scattering are presented in a convenient way; equations are available in the subrelativistic regime of |$k_{\rm B}T/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$| , |$h\nu /(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$| (or |$k_{\rm B}T_{\rm rad}/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$|), and |$v/c \lesssim 0.1$| , where T is the electron temperature, ν the photon frequency, T rad the photon temperature, and v the fluid bulk velocity. Several basic concepts and radiation hydrodynamical phenomena under Compton scattering are briefly discussed; e.g. electron-scattering opacity and the Eddington luminosity, optical depth and a static atmosphere, the photon trapping radius, the magic terminal speed, the pseudo-photosphere of radiative winds, the explicit form of basic equations for steady flows, radiation acoustic wave, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. All-optical Compton scattering at shallow interaction angles.
- Author
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Döpp, Andreas, Ta Phuoc, Kim, and Andriyash, Igor A.
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *ULTRASHORT laser pulses , *NONDESTRUCTIVE testing , *RELATIVISTIC electrons , *ELECTRON beams , *ANGLES - Abstract
All-optical Compton sources combine laser-wakefield accelerators and intense scattering pulses to generate ultrashort bursts of backscattered radiation. The scattering pulse plays the role of a small-period undulator (${\sim }1\,\mathrm {\mu }{\rm m}$) in which relativistic electrons oscillate and emit X-ray radiation. To date, most of the working laser-plasma accelerators operate preferably at energies of a few hundreds of megaelectronvolts and the Compton sources developed so far produce radiation in the range from hundreds of kiloelectronvolts to a few megaelectronvolts. However, for such applications as medical imaging and tomography the relevant energy range is 10–100 keV. In this article, we discuss different scattering geometries for the generation of X-rays in this range. Through numerical simulations, we study the influence of electron beam parameters on the backscattered photons. We find that the spectral bandwidth remains constant for beams of the same emittance regardless of the scattering geometry. A shallow interaction angle of $30^{\circ }$ or less seems particularly promising for imaging applications given parameters of existing laser-plasma accelerators. Finally, we discuss the influence of the radiation properties for potential applications in medical imaging and non-destructive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Simulations of laser-driven strong-field QED with Ptarmigan: Resolving wavelength-scale interference and γ-ray polarization.
- Author
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Blackburn, T. G., King, B., and Tang, S.
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *ELECTRON beams , *PLANE wavefronts , *LASER beams , *LASERS - Abstract
Accurate modeling is necessary to support precision experiments investigating strong-field QED phenomena. This modeling is particularly challenging in the transition between the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes, where the normalized laser amplitude a0 is comparable to unity and wavelength-scale interference is significant. Here, we describe how to simulate nonlinear Compton scattering, Breit–Wheeler pair creation, and trident pair creation in this regime, using the Monte Carlo particle-tracking code Ptarmigan. This code simulates collisions between high-intensity lasers and beams of electrons or γ rays, primarily in the framework of the locally monochromatic approximation. We benchmark our simulation results against full QED calculations for pulsed plane waves and show that they are accurate at the level of a few per cent, across the full range of particle energies and laser intensities. This work extends our previous results to linearly polarized lasers and arbitrary polarized γ rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Exploring the impact of incoherent Compton scattering on X‐ray pair distribution function analysis of disordered materials.
- Author
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Jeong, Il-Kyoung
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *INCOHERENT scattering , *INELASTIC scattering , *COHERENT scattering , *ELASTIC scattering , *SMALL-angle X-ray scattering - Abstract
X‐ray atomic pair distribution function (XPDF) measurements using a two‐dimensional area detector have been of great value in studying atomic structures of materials with varying degrees of disorder. However, an area detector does not have energy resolution. Thus, incoherent inelastic Compton scattering and fluorescence are not discriminated, contaminating coherent elastic scattering. This paper investigates the effects of random noise from incoherent scattering on XPDF analysis. To conduct the study, the elastic scattering, Compton scattering and fluorescence of In0.33Ga0.67As alloy were separately measured using an intrinsic Ge solid‐state detector with energy resolution. It is found that the addition of Compton scattering with a noise‐to‐signal ratio of about 0.8% results in the smearing of diffuse scattering in the high‐Q region. Moreover, adding extra noise from fluorescence increases the smearing, overwhelming the diffuse scattering. Additionally, simulated data of elastic and Compton scattering on ferroelectric Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 were used to investigate the evolution of noise fluctuation and its effects on the XPDF as a function of total intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo dose computation engine for small animal radiotherapy.
- Author
-
Liu, Zihao, Zheng, Cheng, Zhao, Ning, Huang, Yunwen, Chen, Jiahao, and Yang, Yidong
- Subjects
- *
MONTE Carlo method , *IMAGING phantoms , *COMPTON scattering , *GRAPHICS processing units , *RAYLEIGH scattering , *RADIOTHERAPY , *LUNGS , *PHOTOELECTRIC effect - Abstract
Background: Accurate dose computation is critical in precision small animal radiotherapy. The Monte Carlo simulation method is the gold standard for radiation dose computation but has not been widely implemented in practice due to its low computation efficiency. Purpose: This study aims to develop a GPU‐accelerated radiation dose engine (GARDEN) based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for fast and accurate dose computation. Methods: In the GARDEN simulation, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and photoelectric effect were considered. The Woodcock tracking algorithm and GPU‐specific acceleration techniques were used to obtain a high computational efficiency. Benchmark studies against both Geant4 simulations and experimental measurements were performed for various phantoms and beams. Finally, a conformal arc treatment plan was designed for a lung tumor to further evaluate the accuracy and efficiency in small animal radiotherapy. Result: The engine attained a speed‐up of 1232 times in a homogeneous water phantom and 935 times in a water‐bone‐lung heterogeneous phantom when compared with Geant4. Both the depth‐dose curves and cross‐sectional dose profiles for various radiation field sizes showed a great match between measurements and the GARDEN calculations. For in vivo dose validation, the differences between calculations and measurements in the mouse thorax and abdomen were 2.50% ± 1.50% and 1.56% ± 1.40%, respectively. The computation time for an arc treatment plan delivered from 36 angles was 2 s at a <1% uncertainty level using an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER GPU. When compared with Geant4, the 3D gamma comparison passing rate was 98.7% at 2%/0.3 mm criteria. Conclusion: GARDEN can perform fast and accurate dose computations in heterogeneous tissue environments and is expected to play a vital role in image‐guided precision small animal radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Highly polarized positrons generated via few-PW lasers.
- Author
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Li, Bing-Jun, Li, Yan-Fei, Chen, Yue-Yue, Weng, Xiu-Feng, Tan, Xin-Jian, Ma, Xin-Jie, Sheng, Liang, and Hu, Hua-Si
- Subjects
- *
POSITRONS , *FEMTOSECOND pulses , *POSITRON beams , *POSITRONIUM , *MONTE Carlo method , *COMPTON scattering , *LASERS - Abstract
Spin-polarized positron beams have widely been utilized in applications ranging from fundamental physical studies to material processing. Preparing highly polarized positron beams for accurate probing is a long-standing issue. Here, we put forward a method to produce ultra-relativistic polarized positrons with unprecedented purity in a femtosecond timescale employing a few-PW circularly polarized laser pulse. The fully spin-resolved QED Monte Carlo method is used for simulating the two successive QED processes during the interaction, i.e., nonlinear Compton scattering and nonlinear Breit–Wheeler pair production. As the photons emitted in a circularly polarized laser field are symmetrically polarized, the polarization of the intermediate gamma photon beam averages out to zero, which is advantageous for improving the polarization of positrons. Meanwhile, the moderate laser intensity suppresses the depolarization of the new-born positrons induced by radiation reaction effect. As a result, the polarization of the positrons can reach up to ≳ 90%, the highest among the laser-driven polarization schemes conceived hitherto. Furthermore, our method relaxes the requirement on laser intensity to few-PW level, offering a promising way of preparing polarized positrons with current-generation laser facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Enabling X-ray fluorescence imaging for in vivo immune cell tracking.
- Author
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Staufer, Theresa, Körnig, Christian, Liu, Beibei, Liu, Yang, Lanzloth, Clarissa, Schmutzler, Oliver, Bedke, Tanja, Machicote, Andres, Parak, Wolfgang J., Feliu, Neus, Bosurgi, Lidia, Huber, Samuel, and Grüner, Florian
- Subjects
- *
X-ray fluorescence , *X-ray imaging , *MULTIPLE scattering (Physics) , *COMPTON scattering , *X-rays - Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells into sites of inflammation is one key feature of immune mediated inflammatory diseases. A detailed assessment of the in vivo dynamics of relevant cell subtypes could booster the understanding of this disease and the development of novel therapies. We show in detail how advanced X-ray fluorescence imaging enables such quantitative in vivo cell tracking, offering solutions that could pave the way beyond what other imaging modalities provide today. The key for this achievement is a detailed study of the spectral background contribution from multiple Compton scattering in a mouse-scaled object when this is scanned with a monochromatic pencil X-ray beam from a synchrotron. Under optimal conditions, the detection sensitivity is sufficient for detecting local accumulations of the labelled immune cells, hence providing experimental demonstration of in vivo immune cell tracking in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hydrogen Spillover in Tungsten Oxide Bronzes as Observed by Broadband Neutron Spectroscopy.
- Author
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Lalik, Erwin, Parker, Stewart F., Irvine, Gavin, da Silva, Ivan, Gutmann, Matthias Josef, Romanelli, Giovanni, Drużbicki, Kacper, Kosydar, Robert, and Krzystyniak, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
NEUTRON spectroscopy , *TUNGSTEN oxides , *TUNGSTEN bronze , *ATOMIC hydrogen , *COMPTON scattering , *MOMENTUM distributions , *BROADBAND dielectric spectroscopy , *INELASTIC neutron scattering , *PROTON transfer reactions - Abstract
Hydrogen spillover is an elusive process, and its characterization, using experimental probes and ab initio modeling, poses a serious challenge. In this work, the nuclear quantum dynamics of hydrogen in a palladium-decorated cubic polymorph of tungsten oxide, Pd/cWO3, are characterized by the technique of neutron Compton scattering augmented by ab initio harmonic lattice modeling. The deeply penetrating nature of the neutron scattering process, the lack of spectroscopic selection rules, the inherent high sensitivity to hydrogen, the high energy and momentum resolution for hydrogen, and the mass selectivity of the technique render the neutron Compton scattering a very potent and unique tool for investigating the local dynamics of hydrogen species in bulk matrices. The total neutron Compton scattering response of hydrogen is described in terms of the hydrogen momentum distribution. The distribution is deconvoluted under the assumption of three pools of hydrogen with distinctly different nuclear quantum dynamical behavior: (i) hydrogen-terminated beta-palladium hydride, (ii) hydrogen in acid centers (OH+ groups) on the surface of the cubic phase of tungsten oxide, and (iii) quasi-free atomic hydrogen inside the saturated hydrogen bronze resulting from the spillover process. The ab initio modeling of lattice dynamics yields theoretical predictions for the values of the widths of proton momentum distributions in the first two hydrogen pools, which allows for obtaining the contribution and the width of the momentum distribution of the quasi-free atomic hydrogen resulting from the hydrogen spillover process. The analysis reveals that the local binding strength of the quasi-free hydrogen is characterized by the values of nuclear momentum distribution width, nuclear kinetic energy, and force constant of the underlying potential of the mean force close to those of free, unconstrained hydrogen atomic species in a gas of non-interacting particles described by the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. Moreover, this picture of the local dynamics of the quasi-free hydrogen is consistent with the proton polaron model of hydrogen-induced coloration of bulk hydrogenated WO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Lone‐pair Electrons Enhancement Effect: SnTe3O8 Hard X‐ray Detection with Stable High‐temperature Sensitivity and Ultralow Detection Limit.
- Author
-
Guo, Xiaojie, Gao, Zeliang, Li, Chengcheng, Zhang, Jian, and Tao, Xutang
- Subjects
- *
X-ray detection , *HARD X-rays , *DETECTION limit , *COMPTON effect , *COMPTON scattering , *X-ray scattering , *SOLAR flares , *ELECTRON scattering - Abstract
Sensitivity and detection limit of X‐ray detectors are crucial for security checks, medical diagnoses, and industrial inspections. In this study, it is reported that introducing some cations containing lone‐pair electrons is beneficial for enhancing the Compton scattering effect and thus improving X‐ray detection performance. As an example, SnTe3O8 is selected and grown as a novel high‐temperature X‐ray detection crystal. Because of the high resistivity of 2 × 1014 Ω cm and high mobility lifetime product of 3.22 × 10−4 cm2 V−1, SnTe3O8 X‐ray detector exhibits a high sensitivity of 436 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under 120 keV hard X‐ray, a low dark current drift of 2.44 × 10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1 and a record low detection limit of 8.19 nGyair s−1 among all oxide X‐ray detectors. Furthermore, the high‐temperature sensitivity of SnTe3O8 X‐ray detector is enhanced to 617 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at 175 °C, which is ≈31 times larger than that of the commercial α‐Se. The high thermal stability and stable high‐temperature sensitivity of SnTe3O8 single crystal X‐ray detectors have potential applications in high‐temperature environments. The results not only provide an excellent high‐temperature X‐ray detection crystal but also propose an effective method to explore X‐ray detector materials with excellent performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. CMB polarization by the asymmetric template of scalar perturbations.
- Author
-
Khodagholizadeh, Jafar, Mohammadi, Rohoollah, and Movahed, S. M. S.
- Subjects
- *
COSMIC background radiation , *LINEAR polarization , *COMPTON scattering , *POWER spectra , *FOKKER-Planck equation , *LINE integrals , *PLANCK scale - Abstract
Inspired by a dipole asymmetric template for the CMB temperature map in the primordial scalar fluctuations observed by Planck at a large scale, we examine the contribution of a similar template for power asymmetry in modifying the linear polarization pattern of CMB. Replacing un-modulated temperature fluctuation with dipolar modulated one in time evolution equations somehow breaks linear perturbation in the various components of the CMB map. This non-linearity allows deflecting CMB polarization in patterns that contain divergence-free components. The explicit expressions for the angular power spectra of the electric and magnetic-type parities of linear polarization are derived in the form of the line of sight integral solutions. Our results demonstrate that the electric-type polarization is modified and the magnetic-type polarization would be produced. Such imprints depend on the linear and square of the asymmetric amplitude for E- and B-modes power spectra, respectively. For the observed dipole template, the value of B polarization spectrum at the large scale ( ℓ ≲ 10 ) is almost equivalent to the power spectrum obtained from Compton scattering in the presence of tensor perturbation with tensor to scalar ratio about r ≃ 0.005 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Geometrical influence on Hg determination in wet sediment using K‐shell fluorescence analysis.
- Author
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An, Siwen, Krapohl, David, González, Charlotte, Rydblom, Stefani, Norlin, Börje, and Thungström, Göran
- Subjects
- *
FLUORIMETRY , *MERCURY , *HEAVY metals , *X-ray spectrometers , *HEAVY metal toxicology , *MONTE Carlo method , *CONTAMINATED sediments , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
To quickly identify maritime sites polluted by heavy metal contaminants, reductions in the size of instrumentation have made it possible to bring an X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer into the field and in direct contact with various samples. The choice of source‐sample‐detector geometry plays an important role in minimizing the Compton scattering noise and achieving a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in XRF measurement conditions, especially for analysis of wet sediments. This paper presents the influence of geometrical factors on a prototype, designed for in situ XRF analysis of mercury (Hg) in wet sediments using a 57Co excitation source and an X‐ray spectrometer. The unique XRF penetrometer prototype has been constructed and tested for maritime wet sediment. The influence on detection efficiency and SNR of various geometrical arrangements have been investigated using the combination of Monte Carlo simulations and laboratory experiments. Instrument calibration was performed for Hg analysis by means of prepared wet sediments with the XRF prototype. The presented results show that it is possible to detect Hg by K‐shell emission, thus enabling XRF analysis for underwater sediments. Consequently, the XRF prototype has the potential to be applied as an environmental screening tool for analysis of polluted sediments with relatively high concentrations (e.g., >2880 ppm for Hg), which would benefit in situ monitoring of maritime pollution caused by heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Photofission and photoneutron cross sections for 238U and 232Th.
- Author
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Filipescu, Dan, Wang, Hongwei, Fan, Gongtao, Nishio, Katsuhisa, Ohtsuki, Tsutomu, Gheorghe, Ioana, Stopani, Konstantin, Tudora, Anabella, Suzaki, Fumi, Hirose, Kentaro, Inagaki, Makoto, Bjørøen, Marianne, Lui, Yiu-Wing, Ari-izumi, Takashi, Miyamoto, Shuji, and Utsunomiya, Hiroaki
- Subjects
- *
NEUTRON cross sections , *NUCLEAR fission , *URANIUM isotopes , *NUCLEAR structure , *COMPTON scattering - Abstract
A specific objective of the recent IAEA Coordinated Research Project on Photonuclear Data and Photon Strength Functions (Code F41032; Duration 2016-2019) has been to measure photonuclear cross-section data where needed, for unexplored nuclei and cases of discrepant existing data. A dedicated experimental campaign has been conducted at the laser Compton-scattering γ-ray source of the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility of SPring8, Japan, where photoneutron reactions for 11 nuclei from 9Be to 209Bi have been investigated in the Giant Dipole Resonance energy region. The measurements followed the development of a flat-effi ciency moderated neutron detection array and the associated neutron-multiplicity sorting techniques. The IAEA CRP campaign has been followed at NewSUBARU by new measurements of photofission and photoneutron reactions on 238U and 232Th in the energy range of 5.87 MeV – 20.14 MeV. The neutron-multiplicity sorting of high-multiplicity fission neutron coincidence events has been performed using a dedicated energy dependent, multiple firing statistical treatment. The photoneutron (γ, xn) and photofission (γ, fxn) reactions have been discriminated by considering a Gaussian distribution of prompt-fission-neutrons (PFN) multiplicities predicted by the evaporation theory. We here provide preliminary experimental (γ, n), (γ, 2n) and (γ, F) cross sections, average energies of PFN and of photoneutrons emitted in (γ, n) and (γ, 2n) reactions, as well as the mean number of PFN per fission act. The new 238U cross sections are compared with recent statistical-model calculations performed with the EMPIRE code on existing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Photoneutron cross section measurements on 208Pb.
- Author
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Gheorghe, Ioana, Utsunomiya, Hiroaki, Ari-izumi, Takashi, Aumann, Thomas, Baumann, Martin, van Beek, Patrick, Kuchenbrod, Philipp, Lalić, Nikolina, Scheit, Heiko, Symochko, Dmytro, Bello Garrote, Frank L., Eriksen, Tomas, Ingeberg, Vetle Wegner, Paulsen, Wanja, Pedersen, Line G., Raez, Fardous, Belyshev, Sergey, and Miyamoto, Shuji
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR cross sections , *LEAD isotopes , *SYNCHROTRON radiation , *COMPTON scattering , *NUCLEAR energy - Abstract
Photoneutron reactions on 208Pb in the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) energy range have been investigated at the γ-ray beam line of the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility in Japan. Making use of quasi-monochromatic laser Compton scattering (LCS) γ-ray beams and of a novel flat-efficiency neutron detection system along with associated neutron-multiplicity sorting method, total and partial (γ,xn) photoneutron cross sections with x = 1 to 4 have been measured for 208Pb in a broad energy range covering the neutron threshold up to 38 MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Development of Future Electromagnetic Calorimeter Technologies and Applications for the Electron-Ion Collider with GEANT4 Simulations.
- Author
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Shi, Zhaozhong, Woody, Craig, Delk, Ian, and Lajoie, John
- Subjects
- *
HEAVY ion collisions , *PARTONS , *COMPTON scattering , *MESONS , *HADRON interactions - Abstract
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a future collider planned to be built at BNL in about a decade. It will provide physicists with high luminosity and highly polarized beams with a wide range of nuclei species at different energies, covering an extensive kinematic range. The EIC physics goals include measuring the Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) from Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) experiments, performing precision 3D imaging of the nuclei structure, studying color confinement and hadronization mechanisms, and understanding the spin structure of the proton. In order to meet the physics goals of EIC, a highresolution electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCAL) is required to measure electrons and photons and to achieve good particle identification. We propose to develop a tungsten/shashlik (W/shashlik) EMCAL with better readout configuration to achieve better energy and position resolution. In this work, we will present the GEANT4 detector simulation results ofWand Pb shashlik EMCAL to study π0 merging probability as a function of π0 energy and the performance of position and energy resolutions of the EMCAL for ECCE design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Exclusive dilepton production in photon-induced interactions at RHIC.
- Author
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Xie, Ya-Ping and Gonçalves, V. P.
- Subjects
- *
DILEPTON production , *DIFFERENTIAL cross sections , *COMPTON scattering , *QUARK models , *COUPLING constants , *PARTONS , *GLUONS , *DIELECTROPHORESIS - Abstract
The exclusive dilepton photoproduction in pp and pAu collisions at RHIC is investigated considering the contribution of the Bethe–Heitler (BH) and the timelike Compton scattering (TCS) processes. The TCS amplitude is estimated at next-to-leading-order of the strong running coupling constant α s and assuming the Goloskokov–Kroll model for the quark and gluon generalized parton distributions. The TCS differential cross section is estimated as well the contribution associated to the interference between the TCS and BH amplitudes. Predictions for the TCS, BH and interference contributions are presented considering the kinematical range covered by the RHIC detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Accessing compton form factors at the electron ion collider in China: an impact study on ImE.
- Author
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Cao, Xu and Zhang, Jinlong
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *ELECTRONS , *CHINA studies , *IONS , *ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics) , *PROTON beams , *ELECTRON impact ionization - Abstract
We estimate the impact of asymmetry measurements of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) with transversely polarized proton beam taken at a future Electron Ion Collider in China (EicC) on the extraction of Compton Form Factors (CFFs). The CFFs extracted from an analysis based on artificial neural-network approach are reweighted by means of pseudo-data generated in the expected kinematic region of EicC. We find a remarkable improvement in the extraction of CFF I m E , especially at the range of parton momentum fraction x ∼ 0.01, thus hinting for a future experimental probe of the parton orbital angular momentum. This work casts a glance at a practical implementation of Bayesian reweighting method on CFFs' impact study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Classical spin gravitational Compton scattering.
- Author
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Bjerrum-Bohr, N. E. J., Chen, Gang, and Skowronek, Marcos
- Subjects
- *
COMPTON scattering , *SCATTERING amplitude (Physics) , *INFINITE processes , *FACTORIZATION - Abstract
We introduce a novel bootstrap method for heavy-mass effective field theory classical Compton scattering amplitudes involving two massless particles and two arbitrary-spin infinite-mass limit particles. Using a suitable ansatz, we deduce new and explicit classical spin results for gluon four and five-point infinite mass processes that exhibit a certain exponentiated three-point tree-level factorizations and feature no spurious poles. We discuss the generalization of our bootstrap to higher multiplicities and summarize future potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Unravelling optical and X-ray properties of the disc-dominated intermediate polar IGR J15094-6649.
- Author
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Joshi, Arti, Rawat, Nikita, Schwope, Axel, Pandey, J C, Scaringi, Simone, Sahu, D K, Rao, Srinivas M, and Singh, Mridweeka
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL properties , *X-ray spectra , *COMPTON scattering , *ENERGY bands , *AMPLITUDE modulation , *ACCRETION (Astrophysics) , *PHOTOELECTRICITY - Abstract
We present analyses of an Intermediate Polar, IGR J15094-6649, based on the archival optical data obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and X-ray data obtained from the Suzaku, NuSTAR , and Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift). Present analysis confirms and refines the previously reported spin period of IGR J15094-6649 as 809.49584 ± 0.00075 s. Clear evidence of a beat period of 841.67376 ± 0.00082 s is found during the long-term TESS optical observations, which was not evident in the earlier studies. The dominance of X-ray and optical spin pulse unveils the disc-fed dominance accretion, however, the presence of an additional beat frequency indicates that part of the accreting material also flows along the magnetic field lines. The energy-dependent spin pulsations in the low (<10 keV) energy band are due to the photoelectric absorption in the accretion flow. However, the complex absorbers may be responsible to produce low amplitude spin modulations via Compton scattering in the hard (>10 keV) energy band and indicate that the height of the X-ray emitting region may be negligible. The observed double-humped X-ray profiles with a pronounced dip are indicative of the photoelectric absorption in the intervening accretion stream. Analysis of the X-ray spectra reveals the complexity of the X-ray emission, being composed of multitemperature plasma components with a soft excess, reflection, and suffers from strong absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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