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In 2015, the UN Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace, and Security (YPS), formalizing an agenda for positive youth participation in peace and security. However, youth peace activists have been leading peacebuilding long before this institutional recognition. This article explores the dynamics of how advocates and institutional actors conceptualize and negotiate compromise. To do this, it draws on in-depth interviews with youth and adult YPS advocates, a critical analysis of documents related to the agenda, and extended participant observation. It explores and develops a notion of a field of youth-oriented peacebuilding, drawing on Bourdieu. This makes visible a more complex field of struggle, showing how compromise can help explain how youth actively negotiate their participation in formalized agendas and persist in their own peacebuilding ambitions. It argues for a more nuanced understanding of compromise to understand the affordances and limitations of youth agency and institutional agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how local actors set the sustainability agenda. By relying on the economies of worth, we explain how actors dwell upon multiple worlds to evaluate what is valuable, what is not valuable, and to promote their views. Empirically, we draw evidence from the Walloon region in Belgium, by investigating how multiple actors discuss their views in an attempt to set a sustainability agenda. We outline the multiple worlds that actors refer to during their interaction, the moments of critiques and how a compromise is shaped where the green world is given a significant prominence. Furthermore, we identify a set of mechanisms that facilitated the multi-actor interaction to shape a collective compromise as a continuous process. Points for practitioners: (1) Local governments play a crucial role in sustainability policies due to their proximity to local communities, enabling the development of tailored solutions, and direct engagement with citizens to address local environmental and social challenges. (2) Agenda-setting in local sustainability policies is intricate and frequently contentious due to the diverse values, interests, and preferences of all involved stakeholders. (3) Drawing on Boltanski and Thévenot's orders of worth theory, this paper offers researchers and practitioners an approach to unpack and understand the varied values, interests, and preferences of all involved stakeholders. (4) This paper identifies and elucidates three mechanisms (reflection, engagement, and alteration) that facilitate interactions among stakeholders, allowing them to reach a compromise on a shared sustainability agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute upper airway compromise is a rare but catastrophic complication after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. This study aims to develop a score to identify patients at risk of acute postoperative airway compromise (PAC). Potential risk factors for acute PAC were selected by a modified Delphi process. Ten patients with acute PAC were identified of 1466 patients who underwent elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion between July 2014 and May 2019. A comparison group was created by a randomized selection process (non-PAC group). Factors associated with PAC and a P value of < 0.10 were entered into a logistic regression model and coefficients contributed to each risk factor's overall score. Calibration of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Quantitative discrimination was calculated, and the final model was internally validated with bootstrap sampling. We identified 18 potential risk factors from our Delphi process, of which 6 factors demonstrated a significant association with airway compromise: age >65 years, current smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiologists class >2, history of a bleeding disorder, surgery of upper subaxial cervical spine (above C4), and duration of surgery >179 minutes. The final prediction model included 5 predictors with very strong performance characteristics. These 5 factors formed the PAC score, with a range from 0 to 100. A score of 20 yielded the greatest balance of sensitivity (80%) and specificity (88%). The acute PAC score demonstrates strong performance characteristics. The PAC score might help identify patients at risk of upper airway compromise caused by surgical site abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of compromise has been present in the theory of social choice from the very beginning. The result of social choice functions as such is often called a social compromise. In the last two decades, several functions of social choice dedicated to the concept of compromise, such as Fallback bargaining, Majoritarian compromise, Median voting rule or p -measure of compromise rules, have been considered in the literature. Furthermore, compromise axioms were formed in several attempts. However, we believe that the previous formalizations of compromise did not axiomatically describe this feature of the social choice functions. In this paper we will follow the line of thought presented by Chatterji, Sen and Zeng (2016) and form a weak and strong version of a Compromise axiom, one that should capture understanding of compromise based on an ability to elect a winner which is not top-ranked in any preference on a profile. After that we will analyze an interaction of those axioms and established social choice functions. We will show that the division of SCFs in three classes with respect to these axioms fairly reflect relationship between those SCFs and colloquial expectations from notion of compromise. We then compare the defined axioms with the compromise axioms of Börgers and Cailloux. Finally, for SCFs that satisfy the strong compromise axiom, we define a compromise intensity function that numerically expresses the degree of tolerance of the SCF for choosing a compromise candidate. • Definition of the weak and strong version of the Compromise Axiom. • Classification of SCFs with regard to Compromise Axiom(s). • Comparison with Compromise Axioms of Börgers and Cailloux. • Definition of compromise intensity function that valorizes the degree of SCF tolerance to the choice of a compromise candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considered the global and local levels of the communication process, which changed after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors of the article analyzed the public discussion of philosophers, political scientists and civil servants from Germany, Ukraine, China and Russia, determining the transition from a compromise based on the existing worldview model to the ultimate directions of modeling the future. The purpose of our article is to create a thinking model of the global communications system that would contribute to a constructive resolution of the Russian- Ukrainian interstate war. The use of the selected methodological base led the researchers to the opinion: in the metamodern type societies, the worldview models determine the practical activity of a person and society. Conceptualists and «elite -- people» communication channels are necessary for their functioning. The study recorded the crisis of the existing model of communications, because a compromise between democracy and authoritarianism is not possible in any way in the existing coordinate system. The material of the article contains the structure of the communication plane, which contains shadow, open and global levels, through which compromising and threatening messages are alternately exchanged to resolve the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. In our opinion, in order to win, Ukraine must move to an open level of communications in order to establish a dialogue between different layers of society in the middle of the country, as well as to become more understandable for the European community. According to our conclusions, Ukraine needs an open and balanced system of communications, the basis of which should be the training of internally oriented elite capable of constructive communication interaction with the people in order to build integral public-state relations. The authors of the study prove the necessity of creating a network system of communications -- the Ukrainian heartland. It should become the basis for a new supranational association. It should be comfortable for people to live in. This association gives them a potential purpose in life -- the development of a high-tech economy and effective collective defense.According to the authors of the study, Ukraine itself is potentially one of the basic centers of European civilization. Our country is able to offer a new supranational ethics of communications based on the achievements of Ukrainian philosophy. The creation of such a communication message and the foundations of a worldview model should become a perspective for research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author reveals the historical prerequisites for the birth and development of the mediation institute on the territory of modern Ukraine. Attention is focused on the prospects for the further development of mediation, the expansion of the practice of its application in Ukraine. It was noted that the law, as a result of the evolution of society and the most effective social regulator tested by thousands of years of experience, is designed to prevent the emergence of acute conflicts in society and to balance the interests of the main segments of the population regarding the use, protection and protection of material goods and intangible values. The dialectics of legal regulation proves that society has historically tried to develop and implement mechanisms to prevent and overcome legal conflicts, realizing that legal conflicts are potentially dangerous for the entire society and for each person. It has been established that the institution of mediation is not new in the system of combating legal conflicts, it was born in the European states of the ancient era and retains its relevance even today. Therefore, it is quite logical to start the scientific study of mediation, its theoretical-legal and practical aspects with the analysis of the historical-legal prerequisites of its emergence in Ukraine and further prospects for its development. The author concluded that the prerequisite for the development of the institution of mediation in all developed legal systems is the awareness of the majority of the international community (states and international organizations) and active consumers of mediation services – participants in international private legal relations - of the effectiveness, convenience and perspective of settling their legal disputes not through numerous courts, and through the mediation of a jointly chosen independent entity – a mediator. The clearest proof of Ukrainian society’s readiness for mediation was the adoption at the national level of a special legislative act «On Mediation», which defines the legal basis and procedure for conducting mediation as an extrajudicial procedure for conflict (dispute) settlement, the principles of mediation, the status of a mediator, requirements for his training and other issues, related to this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the view that the limits of compromise are identical with the moral principles that set limits to human action more generally. Moral principles that prohibit lying, stealing, or killing, for example, sometimes make it morally impermissible to accept a compromise proposal, for the simple reason that the proposal involves an act of lying, killing, or stealing. The same holds for any other moral principle that sets limits to human action. This may sound straightforward and, perhaps, trivial. Yet in the philosophical literature, discussions of the limits of compromise have singled out more specific principles: Avishai Margalit proposes that the limits of compromise are set by the value of humanity, Simon May points at racial equality and more generally democratic legitimacy, Alexander Ruser and Amanda Machin appeal to the value of integrity, and a fourth at least initially plausible account invokes the idea of public justifiability. After discussing in greater detail what an account of the limits of compromise may be expected to do, the paper will show that none of these accounts is convincing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the blessed personality of the Prophet Muhammad, all the qualities of determination found in the resolute prophets are gathered, and from the beginning to the end of his prophethood, He made the abandonment of compromise (madhahnat) the central point of his mission. The dangers leading to compromise include the risk of destruction, the risk of dishonour, the risk of loss of wealth and resources, and the risk of the loss of relationships. Despite all these risks, the Prophet remained steadfastly distant from compromise. The Prophet said, 'I forbid you from the butter of polytheists,' rather than mentioning their gifts. This is because hedisliked any inclination towards them and compromise with them while they were at war. Despite the danger of destruction, the abandonment of compromise remains essential in Prophetic Seerah. Compromise (madhahnat) and ambiguity (iltibas) are two qualities that are deemed ethically undesirable by every religion and every nation in the world. The Prophet Muhammad took a strong stance against falsehood and did not show any outwardly acceptable emotions or compromise. He did not engage in any political manoeuvres or display any leniency or affection towards the leaders of Quraysh. This is because matters of faith are established through clarity, explicitness, and clear expression. It is essential to avoid compromise and lowering one's stance in such matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton cultivation in India is of vital importance to the national economy. However, the susceptibility of cotton crops to climate change poses significant challenges. Recognizing the spatial heterogeneity of climate change’s influence, comprehending its potential repercussions on cotton productivity is crucial. This research examines the effects of climate change on forthcoming cotton yields by utilizing the AquaCrop crop simulation model alongside eight climate models. A sensitivity analysis using the EFAST method is conducted to identify the key parameters influencing cotton yield, revealing eight influential parameters (Kcb, CGC, CCx, CDC, CCmin, wp, HIo, and Zmax) among the 30 parameters considered. These influential parameters are further employed to calibrate the model, automating, and optimizing the calibration process using a genetic algorithm to reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) between observed and simulated values. The AquaCrop model simulations demonstrate favourable agreement with observed data, exhibiting an RMSE of 0.15 t/ha during the calibration period (2001-2010) and 0.24 t/ha during the validation period (2011-2018). Utilizing the well-calibrated model, future projections are generated under different climate scenarios (SSP126 and SSP245) until the end of the century. The results indicate median yield increases of 4.4% and 1.9% in the SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios, respectively. Conversely, under the SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios, median yields are projected to decline by approximately 1.2% and 2% by the year 2100. It is an innovative study that combines AquaCrop, sensitivity analysis, and optimization to assess climate change impact on Indian cotton yields.

The paper argues that All’s Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure and Troilus and Cressida are neither “Problem Comedies” nor “Problem Plays”. They have been viewed in terms of a genre to which they do not quite belong, and the fact that they deal with problems has somehow been construed to mean that they are problems. These plays show continuities with the previous comedies but also mark a forward movement and a further development. Where romantic love is the basis of early comedy, “the urgency of sexuality” is now the major theme and complex issues of sexual desire and its fulfilment are explored. The focus is primarily on women and their vulnerability, women who are insecure, threatened, and discover they can use their sexuality, the very thing that makes them vulnerable, as a weapon, as leverage, to help them survive. These are plays about sexuality, compromise, and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current investigation was carried out to explore the underlying reasons behind compromise and withdrawal of divorce among couples seeking consensual separation. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed in this study, utilizing the grounded theory method. The sample consisted of 9 couples who had sought services at the West Tehran Health Center, specifically those who had retracted their decision for consensual divorce in 2022, chosen through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through semistructured interviews, with data analysis following the systematic framework proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990). Results: Through the open, axial, and selective coding processes, various concepts emerged including causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. The central category identified in the research findings was the notion of compromise with existing circumstances and the decision to sustain the cohabitation process. Causal conditions encompassed financial constraints, parental responsibilities, second chances, fear of solitude, lack of support, and indecision regarding divorce. Contextual conditions included dependent personalities, family conflicts, decision-making dilemmas, and uncertainties. Interfering conditions involved cultural and social influences, limited opportunities, and lack of individual autonomy. Upon comprehensive analysis of the paradigmatic model categories, a conclusion was drawn. Conclusions: The findings highlighted the efficacy of adaptive strategies such as compromise, self-regulation, counseling, and professional assistance in fostering satisfaction and continuation of cohabitation, contrasting with ineffective strategies like avoidance and destructive behaviors that led to dissatisfaction with shared lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to discussing «The role of mediation in resolving administrative disputes?». In the modern world, where conflicts are an inevitable part of interaction, it is important for society to find effective and peaceful methods of resolution. In this context, mediation is particularly relevant, useful, and valuable as a tool for administrative relations, as it allows parties to involve competent mediators for effective resolution of administrative issues in case of legal violations by subjects. Mediation is a new practice in many European countries (Poland, Bulgaria, Estonia, Sweden) and is expanding as an alternative to judicial procedures. This method aims to reconcile and coordinate issues between conflicting parties, especially in the administrative sphere where there are various interests and positions, including general public relations: business, education, relations with government entities. With each passing year, there is an increase in the number of lawsuits filed in administrative courts. To simplify the work of administrative authorities, judicial and extrajudicial methods of conflict resolution are used. The use of mediation methods can ensure effective resolution of disputes without the need for significant resources spent on judicial procedures. It is important to consider the key aspects of the role of mediation in resolving administrative conflicts and its importance for building harmonious relations in society. Successful implementation of mediation methods contributes not only to conflict resolution but also to increasing mutual understanding between ordinary individuals (citizens, stateless persons, foreigners) and the state, promoting trust, creating sustainable and long-term solutions that satisfy the needs of both parties. Unlike the European Union, Ukrainian society is at an early stage of using mediation as a complex process for conflict resolution. The relevance and problematic nature of the topic lie in the lack of information among ordinary citizens about the mediation process as a method of resolving critical issues. Effective use of mediation in the administrative process requires qualified mediators who are competent and knowledgeable about the specifics of resolving such issues. Questions also arise regarding the use of the mediation process due to the lack of a clear methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soldier-medic. Undercover police officer. Collaborative divorce attorney. Certain jobs require an individual to enact antithetical sets of role expectations (to do X and not-X), such as saving a life and taking a life, in the case of a soldier-medic. Despite their important consequences, we lack a unifying framework for such antithetical expectations and their implied identity foils—where one is expected to be both Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (a life-saver and a life-taker). To this end, we build theory on how and why antithetical expectations and their implied identity foils arise in organizations. We offer a model of the responses through which individuals tend to manage these seemingly impossible binds—avoidance, favoritism, gray compromise, black-and-white compromise, and holism—and discuss the conditions under which a given response is likely. We conclude that this respective order of responses predicts more positive outcomes (i.e., clarifying the identities, fostering resources, enabling complementary or synergistic solutions) and less negative outcomes (i.e., impaired jobholder performance and credibility, increased cynicism) for individuals and their organizations. We theorize that, given certain conditions, the extreme role-based conflict caused by identity foils is best addressed by the response of holism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A successful lesson introduction requires establishing a connection with the audience, encouraging participation, and conveying key concepts to facilitate learning. Teaching is the application of knowledge, skills, and qualities to provide specialized education to meet both societal and individual needs. The ultimate goal of education is to empower students to become lifelong learners who can prepare for the future, express their thoughts, and learn new skills, knowledge, and moral principles. While learning can be a self-driven process, formal education can make it more accessible. Improving one's writing skills can expedite the learning process. Maintaining student engagement depends on a positive attitude towards teaching and a passion for the subject, which can inspire students. It's important to recognize that individuals have different learning styles. Clinical research empowers healthcare professionals to make optimal patient care choices. It serves as the foundation for developing innovative therapies, protocols, and medical tools. The evaluation of new medications against current ones through clinical trials is crucial for assessing their superiority. Similarly, educational research equips educators and leaders with the evidence needed to enhance teaching and learning methods more strategically and efficiently. The VIKOR method emerged as a multi-attribute decision-making approach designed to address discrete decision problems characterized by non-commensurable criteria and conflicting priorities. It was introduced as a valuable tool for tackling Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) challenges. This method encompasses the process of ranking and selecting sample sets with conflicting criteria to facilitate decision-making among available alternatives. VIKOR stands out as a multi-criteria decision-making technique that centers on choosing the optimal solution based on its proximity to the ideal outcome. Alternative taken as Teaching and learning in medicine. Evaluation preference taken as Effectiveness, Engagement, Clinical Skills, Communication. From the result Teaching and Learning 4 got the first rank whereas is the Teaching and Learning 5 having the Lowest rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to explore the relevance of compromise in Raymond Aron’s essays. The concept of compromise has never been subjected to critical scrutiny in his works. The paper offers a new interpretation of R. Aron’s democratic theory by arguing that “the sense of compromise”, mainly set out in Democracy and Totalitarianism, is a foundational and pivotal concept to highlight the specifics of his liberal thought and his understanding of democratic pluralism. It aims to provide a critical analysis, presenting a focused exploration of three types of compromise, broken down into three areas (the political-pluralist compromise; the economic compromise; the foreign policy compromise). In each of these cases, key qualities and limitations of compromise solutions for deadlocked controversies are outlined. The article argues that, for R. Aron, economic compromise is the easiest to achieve. The paper further discusses possible criteria that can help to discriminate moral from immoral compromises. It concludes that “the sense of compromise” is inseparable from any serious attempt to think afresh R. Aron’s democratic theory.

We propose two solutions to Nash (1950) 's bargaining problem: the Consensus and Compromise solutions. They gradually diverge from the Nash solution. Regarding axioms, we decompose the Nash solution's Axiom IIA (Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives) into distinct parts. The controversial ones are identified and successively replaced, leading to the Consensus and Compromise solutions. The two replacement parts are: 1). If the additional room for cooperation, resulting from deteriorating non-cooperation, does not offer a better outcome for both players, the solution remains unchanged; 2). A solution should not be the best only for one player, i.e., each player should make at least some concession, no matter how small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the ambivalent discursive constructions of belongings and attachments, this paper is a description of the uneasy and uncomfortable relation between the UK and the 'continent'. It discusses the historical British insular attitude looking at the metaphorical language used around Brexit, with a special emphasis on the metaphor "have one's cake and eat it", referring to the "cherry-picking" attitude that the British government wishes to have, retaining EU membership benefits without its obligations. Boris Johnson admitted that his policy on cake was "pro having it and pro eating it", expressing an argument that, on withdrawing from the European Union, Britain would still retain many of the benefits that it had enjoyed as a member, since Britain was already "cherry-picking from the European tree without bothering to water the soil or tend to its branches". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a natural situation that supports predictions of theoretical scenarios in which predators tactically influence the food - safety trade-off faced by prey to increase their vulnerability. By using low-cost 'false attacks' or otherwise advertising their presence, predators force prey to spend time in refuges or in other forms of safety-enhancing behavior, during which foraging is impaired or impossible. Prey must compensate by taking extra risks at other times or places to meet their energy requirements, and as a consequence become easier to capture. We used data on the occurrence of over-ocean flocking (OOF) by Pacific dunlins (Calidris alpina pacifica), and on the timing and success of attacks by peregrines. OOF is a safe but energetically expensive alternative to traditional roosting, and largely replaced the latter in Boundary Bay of southwest British Columbia as the presence of wintering peregrines rose during the 1990s. Peregrines appear to use 'false' or 'non-serious' attacks to shift the occurrence of OOF to a tidal time frame earlier than is ideal for dunlins, thereby creating later hunting opportunities during which dunlins were vulnerable than otherwise would have been the case. The shift increased dunlin mortality substantially. Tactics used by predators such as prominent perching, salient signals and unpredictable appearances, could have evolved because this forces prey to increase their level of caution, rendering them more vulnerable at other times or places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brexit has been at the centre of the last two British elections and the past legislative term. The UK's exit from the European Union was characterized by a series of parliamentary setbacks, with several government defeats, continuous rebellions and cross-party agreements made to secure control of the agenda. In the research reported in this article, we analyse the parliamentary Brexit process through careful examination of the 12 indicative votes held in Westminster in 2019 to find an alternative solution to Theresa May's exit agreement. We map the choices of each MP along two relevant dimensions, connecting them to the socioeconomic structure of their constituencies as well as to the preferences expressed in the 2016 Brexit referendum. Moreover, we associate these parliamentary behaviours – and thus MPs' attitudes towards compromise and responsiveness – to the gains and losses experienced during the subsequent 2019 general election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article introduces the concept of diplomatic peace. It starts by developing a heuristic frame for identifying understandings of peace embraced by the actors we study. This frame encompasses three faces of peace — restraint, compromise and polylogue — and further differentiates different degrees of each of these faces (induced, co-operative and categorical restraint; profitable, principled and iterated compromise; extended, communal and deliberative polylogue). Then, this heuristic is applied to key United Nations General Assembly declarations and conventions that have passed unanimously since 1946. Studying how diplomats define peace yields remarkable results. Diplomats make far-reaching promises about the kind of peace they purport to pursue, strongly endorsing co-operative restraint, principled compromises and deliberative polylogues. The added value of this article is threefold: it systematically enquires into the nexus of diplomacy and peace, develops a multifaceted concept of peace, and reminds scholars and practitioners of how far-reaching already existing diplomatic promises of peace are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose that individual differences in the value placed on the principle of moderation exist and influence many aspects of consumer decision-making. The idea that moderation is an important guiding norm of human behavior is prevalent throughout history and an explicit theme in many philosophies, religions, and cultures. Yet, moderation has not been studied as an individual-level determinant of consumer behavior. We develop a scale that measures the degree to which individuals have a Preference for Moderation (PFM). The PFM scale predicts consequential behavior in many decision contexts. We first report on scale development, including the generation and selection of items. We then report analyses showing that PFM is distinct from several popular individual-difference variables. Related to cultural background, PFM reliably predicts the use of compromise (study 1) and balancing (vs. highlighting) strategies (study 2), as well as various decision-making behaviors, including reliance on the representativeness heuristic (study 3), self-reported financial habits and outcomes (studies 4–5), real-world online-reviewing behavior (study 6), and split-ticket voting behavior in the 2018 US midterm elections (study 7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are social beings. Society does not develop without family ties. Islam has given special importance to the formation of a family-centred society. According to Islam, the purpose of marriage is not only to fulfil biological needs; rather, marriage is a sacred relationship with mutual responsibility, respect, love, and sincerity. Marriage contributes to the creation of a family between a man and a woman. Similarly, in married life, love creates affection between each other and binds the bond of dignified living and peaceful harmony. Husband and wife complement each other in family life. Both husband and wife come from two different families to form a family. As life goes on, both of them have some misunderstandings. Small mistakes lead to big mistakes. If these mistakes are not corrected, marital discord begins. Due to marital discord, the abode of happiness called family once turned into hell. This conflict goes to a serious level and sometimes becomes life-threatening. Islam urges the maintenance of marital relations until the end of life, and to that end, it prescribes patience, tolerance, and responsible behavior. In this research, the causes that are responsible for marital discord have been revealed, and an attempt has been made to determine what the husband and wife should do by searching for a clear solution in the light of Islamic Shari'ah.

This review article provides a topic-centered overview of the state of compromise in political theory, where compromise is increasingly discussed as a promising approach to dealing with disagreement in politics and society. Given the growing literature on compromise, a systematic approach to the topic is due. The first sections are focused on clarifying the concept of compromise, while the remainder of the article offers different perspectives on those aspects of compromise that are subject to debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic findings from an American Orthodox Christian community, I examine how forms of intimate reproductive compromise facilitate the assertive refusal to negotiate on abortion. The American Orthodox harness the values and practices of biomedicine to validate their refusal of abortion, but their inflexible views emerge from prior compromises. By not giving up modern contraception, women self-fashion forms of piety that allow them to navigate composite identities while remaining dedicated to a pro-life stance. That steadfast refusal of abortion may be the consequence of previous concessions opens up new ways of theorizing refusal as inextricably bound to – rather than exclusive of – prior compromises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Iatrogenic injury of the fibula free flap pedicle is rare. Postoperative flap survival and reconstructive outcomes following intraoperative pedicle severance are unknown. This study assesses free flap outcomes following accidental severance of the peroneal vessels. Methods: Multi‐institutional retrospective chart review from 2000 to 2020. Results: Of 2975 harvested fibula free flaps, 26 had a history of pedicle severance during surgical reconstruction. Reasons for intraoperative pedicle severance included transection during muscular dissection 10/26 (39%), accidental severance with the bone saw 12/26 (46%), and other 4/26 (15.6%). The surgeon responsible for pedicle severance included residents 5/26 (19%), fellows 10/26 (39%), attendings 10/26 (39%), and unknown 1/26 (3.9%). The pedicle artery and vein were severed 10/26 (39%), artery 8/26 (31%), and vein 8/26 (31%). Truncated pedicle vessels were used 3/26 (11.7%), intraoperative anastomoses were performed 23/26 (89%). Postoperative revision in the OR within 7 days of surgery was required 6/26 (23%); 4 flaps were salvaged and 2 flaps failed, both arterial thrombosis. Flap failure was attributed to vascular thrombosis. Long‐term flap survival and successful reconstructions were reported 24/26 (92%). Conclusion: Accidental severance of fibula free flap pedicle vessels can be corrected with intraoperative repair, without affecting long‐term flap survival or reconstructive outcomes. Protecting the flap vessels while using the bone saw and during intramuscular dissection prevents accidental severance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the parliamentary elections in Germany in September 2017, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union (CSU), The Greens (Bündnis90/Die Grünen) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) started to negotiate about forming a coalition government. But, surprising to many, the FDP decided to let these coalition talks collapse, and many commentators in Germany found it highly problematic for a political party to refuse to take responsibility in government. Interestingly, the question whether (or: when) democratic parties may legitimately refuse to govern has so far been neglected in political theory and political philosophy. The article develops a general answer by discussing several possible reasons for thinking that it is sometimes wrong to refuse to govern and thereby engages both democratic theory and the recent literature on compromise. The resulting view is that parties have an 'integrity prerogative' that allows them to refuse to govern, except when there is no reasonable and stable alternative government coalition available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1970s, both Denmark and Norway passed abortion legislation that is still the basis for the regulation of abortion in these countries. The legislation was fairly liberal with abortion on demand until 12 weeks of gestation and a permission system for later abortions. This article provides a brief history of the developments leading up to these political compromises and an analysis of the reasons why they have proved remarkably stable. It ends by looking at some factors that may now destabilize 50 years of stable compromise about abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of gamification in Education is becoming increasingly popular. However, empirical studies on gamification and physical education are very heterogeneous. What do we know about the impact of gamification in PE so far? The purpose was to provide a current overview on the benefits of gamification in PE belonging to the different educational levels. Additionally, this review aims to analyse the features that these interventions have in common. Studies were identified in seven databases: Dialnet, ERIC, Redalyc, EBSCOhost, ProQuest: ERIC, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Twenty-two studies were included: seven qualitative, seven quantitative and eight of mixed method, enrolling 2,095 students and 12 teachers. The analysis carried out showed significant increase in intrinsic motivation, and the satisfaction of all basic psychological needs and, consequently, commitment to the physical education subject, improving in learning and academic performance. Benefits were also highlighted regarding promotion of cooperative work and a positive atmosphere within physical education class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management gurus are increasingly prominent in public organizations. However, research generally evaluates guru ideas as primarily pragmatic suggestions, neglecting gurus' value-laden 'philosophies'. Particularly in pluralistic public organizations, we suggest that this normative content may significantly shape whether, why, and how such ideas are used. To interrogate this, we investigate a guru idea's adoption by an English hospital using the Economies of Worth framework, which highlights values and pluralism. We find that guru ideas may be adopted because their normative content can help otherwise divided organizations forge compromises. However, these compromises bring normative constraints and promote risk-aversion in turbulent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Drawing from work on the prosocial outcomes associated with I‐sharing, we asked whether I‐sharing with a stranger enhances couples' ability to compromise. Background: Living together harmoniously requires compromise. Research on the psychological factors that promote compromise frequently focuses on individual differences and interpersonal environment. The current research takes a different approach by asking what role I‐sharing (i.e., the feeling that others share the same in‐the‐moment, subjective experience as oneself) plays in the success of a cohabiting couple's compromise efforts. Method: Both members of a cohabiting couple privately reported the percentage of time they spend on household tasks (the Division of Household Labor inventory [DHL]) before undergoing a manipulation in which they either did or did not have an I‐sharing experience with a stranger. Participants then completed the DHL again, this time working together with their cohabiting partner to reach a consensus in their responses. Finally, participants had another chance to complete the DHL in private, receiving the instruction to respond with their true beliefs. Results: When relationship partners worked together to complete the DHL at the second reporting, their responses were identical. At the third (private) DHL reporting, consistent with prediction, couples assigned to the I‐share condition showed more agreement with their partner than couples assigned to the No I‐share condition. Conclusion: This finding suggests that the prosociality generated by I‐sharing can promote compromise in cohabiting couples. Implications: I‐sharing holds promise as a therapeutic tool to promote compromise in treatment‐seeking families and couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools plausibly have a role to play in countering radicalization by taking steps to prevent the acquisition of extremist beliefs, dispositions, and attitudes. A core component of the extremist mindset is aversion to compromise. Michael Hand inquires here into the possibility, desirability, and means of educating against this attitude. He argues that aversion to compromise is demonstrably undesirable and readiness to compromise demonstrably desirable, so discursive teaching of these attitudes should guide pupils toward these verdicts. And he identifies three methods of formative teaching by which readiness to compromise can be cultivated in pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]