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The article substantiates the idea of the importance of taking into account the elements of the morphological level in structuring the linguistic picture of the world of the people in general and an individual in particular. Its purpose is to identify interjections in the poetic texts of P. Karmansky, to trace their structural-semantic and functional characteristics, the role in the representation of the individual-author picture of the world of the writer. The article reveals the concept of national-linguistic picture of the world, defi nes its relationship to the conceptual, individual and individual-author (artistic) pictures of the world. It is shown that the conceptual reproduces the elements of the world universe (objects, phenomena, values, guidelines) and the connections between them; linguistic represents them in linguistic categories, linguistic units and phenomena of speech; individual and individual-author is the result of rational and sensory comprehension of the environment embodied in the speech (texts) of specific individuals. The characteristic features of the creative manner of Petro Karmansky, his general attitude to depict the state of man, immersed in the world of his own soul. A soul disappointed by the injustice of the world, full of sorrow and feelings for its own fate and the fate of the native people. It is established that the lexicon of the poet Petro Karmansky presents almost all the semantic categories of exclamations and phonetic words, which are united by the concept and term interjection. It is determined that exclamations in the author’s texts dominate over sound-imitating words. It is proved that emotional exclamations are marked by special activity; they outnumber other semantic digits as well. It is stated that the representatives of all semantic categories correlate in one way or another with the general mood of the poet’s works - a singer of pain and sorrow, with the peculiarities of his worldview, his values and moral guidelines. The composition of these units is characterized in terms of origin (specifi c and borrowed) and on the basis of primary / secondary (non-derivatives and derivatives). Emphasis is placed on the specifi cs of their semantics, its dependence on the context. The peculiarities of the author’s use of units of this lexical-grammatical class are analyzed.

There were determined the features of the poetic text with strong positions in its composition. There were found out and added the defi nitions of non-equivalency phenomenon in lexical system of modern Ukrainian. The non-equivalent lexicon in poetic text was investigated and determined as one type of strong positions on the basis of the analysis of poetic contexts. The comparisons of other language contexts helped to fi nd out a compositional role of non-equivalent lexicon in the poetic text as a strong position which creates ethic-cultural picture of the world within the borders of a poetic model, as well as non-equivalent lexical unit in asymmetrical relations with other dominants of the text. The found out specifi c character of non-equivalent lexical units determines the peculiarity of their translation.

Between 1999 and 2018, 210 shootings have occurred on public school campuses in the United States. Campus shootings call for increased investments in security and student support, which may crowd out instructional resources. Exposure to shootings may also cause students, especially those from socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds, to move away from those schools and neighborhoods, leading to declines in enrollment. Both changes in the budget allocation and the student composition could exert a negative impact on achievement. This study first examines the effects of public school shootings on school districts’ revenue, expenditure, debt, and staffing using a long panel of district-year data. Results from event study and difference-in-differences analyses indicate that shootings increase per-pupil spending by about $248, which is funded primarily through increased federal transfers. Most spending increases occur in noninstructional functions, such as pupil support services, and capital projects, but they do not crowd out instructional spending. Then using school-level data, we show that shootings are followed by a decline in enrollment, driven almost exclusively by the response of students who do not receive free- or reduced-price lunch. Private schools in the area also experience a drop in enrollment. In sum, despite the increased intergovernmental transfers, campus shootings reduce the desirability of the community and lead to the exit of relatively well-off families.

Introduction. Ukrainian language does not develop in isolation. It is influenced by other languages in all areas of linguistic communication, which is demonstrated by the presence of borrowings serving as one of the most powerful means of replenishing its vocabulary. Extensive use of loanwords and expansion of their structural and semantic types in the Ukrainian vocabulary in the beginning of the 21st century call for their continuous registration and a comprehensive study.Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study the lexical and semantic adaptation of the latest English borrowings, to study the stages of their development, application and features of functioning in the modern Ukrainian language.Methods. In the process of researching the newest words of English origin, the thematic classification method has been used, which has contributed to the distribution of the newest borrowings into lexical and semantic groups. The newest English loanwords have been captured by the method of continuous sampling, that is, by selecting borrowings in the order of their detection in the texts of the source base of the study. A functional approach has been applied, which made it possible to identify the functioning of the newest loanwords.Results. It has been found out that the process of mastering the newest borrowings in the Ukrainian language is carried out step-by-step. Intensive introduction and functioning of the newest borrowings in the Ukrainian language is due to many linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are different in nature, impact and intensity of manifestation, but they act in any language in close interaction, rather than separately.By the type of use, the newest English borrowings form two groups in the Ukrainian language.These are lexemes with a wide scope of application and lexical units with a narrow scope of application. The widely used newest words of English origin include words with their inherent high frequency of use in Ukrainian speech. A group of English loanwords with a narrow scope of use is structured by words, the specificity of which lies in the fact that they are used by separate groups of people related by professional activities. English slangisms and occasionalisms distinguished by sentiments and stylistic markings are also part of this group.Conclusion. English loanwords prevail among neo-borrowings that have fallen into Ukrainian directly or through other languages. The dominant group in their composition is formed by direct borrowings. This is primarily due to the influence of globalization processes and increased interest of the Ukrainians in learning English. Wide introduction of newest words of English origin into the Ukrainian vocabulary has resulted in the emergence of interrelated extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic factors, though different in nature, impact and magnitude.The newest English loanwords at the present stage of development of Ukrainian society have entered almost all spheres of life. Some of them are not yet fully mastered by linguistic consciousness and are not fixed in Ukrainian dictionaries, but they are already widely used in language communication.

This paper presents an ethnographically sensitive account of a family of modal constructions in Sakapultek, a Mayan language spoken in highland Guatemala. The constructions in question share many characteristics with those that have been analyzed as ironic in English and are dubbed “moral irony,” due both to their similarities to irony in other languages and to their primary interactional function. The morphosyntactic composition and semiotic processes involved in moral irony are described and the proposed account of these semiotic properties makes use of Goffman’s distinction between author, animator and principal as dimensions of the speaker role. The indexical properties of moral irony are demonstrated and it is argued that they play a greater role in determining ironic meaning than speaker intentions. Using extended examples from naturally-occurring talk, the paper also demonstrates how irony functions in evaluative stance-taking in Sakapultek. Such examples illustrate both the relatively presupposing and entailing aspects of moral irony’s indexical meaning. Moral irony is argued to be modal in that it projects hypothetical or unreal possible worlds and ironic in that it indirectly and negatively evaluates the stances of an imagined principal. Finally, on the ethnographic level, moral irony is examined in light of what it reveals about Sakapultek notions of moral personhood.

Adaptive Comparative Judgment (ACJ) is an assessment method that facilitates holistic, flexible judgments of student work in place of more quantitative or rubric-based methods. This method “requires little training, and has proved very popular with assessors and teachers in several subjects, and in several countries” (Pollitt 2012, p. 281). This research explores ACJ as a holistic, flexible, interdisciplinary assessment and research tool in the context of an integrated program that combines Design, English Composition, and Communications courses. All technology students at Polytechnic Institute at Purdue University are required to take each of these three core courses. Considering the interdisciplinary nature of the program’s curriculum, this research first explored whether three judges from differing backgrounds could reach an acceptable level of reliability in assessment using only ACJ, without the prerequisites of similar disciplinary backgrounds or significant assessment experience, and without extensive negotiation or other calibration efforts. After establishing acceptable reliability among interdisciplinary judges, analysis was also conducted to investigate differences in student learning between integrated (i.e., interdisciplinary) and non-integrated learning environments. These results suggest evaluators from various backgrounds can establish acceptable levels of reliability using ACJ as an alternative assessment tool to more traditional measures of student learning. This research also suggests technology students in the integrated/interdisciplinary environment may have demonstrated higher learning gains than their peers and that further research should control for student differences to add confidence to these findings.

Although gender has been identified as an important antecedent in workplace mistreatment research, empirical research has shown mixed results. Drawing on role congruity theory, we propose an interactive effect of gender and bottom-line mentality on being the target of mistreatment. Across two field studies, our results showed that whereas women experienced more mistreatment when they had higher levels of bottom-line mentality, men experienced more mistreatment when they had lower levels of bottom-line mentality. In another field study, using round-robin survey data, we found that team gender composition influenced the degree to which the adoption of a bottom-line mentality by female team members was perceived to be a gender norm violation, which subsequently predicted their likelihood of being mistreated. Specifically, women who had higher (vs. lower) levels of bottom-line mentality were more likely to be perceived to violate gender norms in teams with a lower proportion of women, and in turn, perceived gender norm violation was positively associated with being mistreated. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Non-native European earthworms are invading hardwood forests in the Chippewa National Forest, MN. We applied a model using historic O-horizon soil thickness to classify 41 hardwood sites in the Chippewa National Forest as “long-term wormed” (wormed during the 1989-1996 and 2017 sampling period), “short-term wormed” (unwormed during the 1989-1996 sampling period and wormed in the 2017 sampling period), or “unwormed” (unwormed during the 1989-1996 and 2017 sampling period). We found that graminoids, especially Carex pensylvanica , had the greatest abundance in sites that had been wormed for over two decades. The families with the greatest negative change in percent cover after over two decades of earthworm invasion were Asteraceae, Violaceae, and Sapindaceae (specifically Acer species). Across all diversity metrics measured, long-term wormed sites had the lowest understory plant species diversity, short-term wormed sites had intermediate diversity, and unwormed sites exhibited the highest diversity. Long-term wormed sites had the lowest species richness at both small and large scales (1 to 1024m 2 ). The greatest within-group compositional dissimilarity occurred at sites that had been wormed for over two decades, indicating that compositional changes in plant communities are still occurring more than two decades since invasion. Sites that had been wormed for over two decades did not appear to have reached a compositionally similar end-state “wormed” community type. If results of this study are indicative of future trends as earthworms become established, it can be expected that understory diversity will decrease as hardwood forest stands become wormed over time.

This article examines critically how digital technologies are being introduced into agriculture. The authors argue that this introduction takes place through the interacting forms of expertise and coalitions of authority in relation to both private and public players in smart farming initiatives. The piece adds to current debates about the origins of and driving forces behind emerging technologies for agriculture through the investigation of two case studies, relating to a Swiss drone startup that obtained the first authorisation for crop spraying with their home-made drone, and to a private–public smart farming test compound. It is argued that a way of understanding how digital technologies find their way into the farming sector is to consider not only the complex set of relationships between public and private actors but also the influence of space and materiality on the socio-technical composition of the technologies. The empirical data of the article sheds light upon how in an unprecedented collaboration between private and public actors a new regulatory procedure for digital technologies was established. The article adopts a politico-geographical angle of analysis by grounding its theoretical posture in Foucauldian understandings of power, relational conceptions of space and the agency of materiality, which is anchored in actor-network theory. Within this theoretical stream, the authors introduce the concepts of ‘interacting expertise’ and ‘coalitions of authority’ as a conceptual toolkit for comprehending how an interplay between private companies, public institutions and a range of spatial–material arrangements contribute to what is widely understood in Switzerland as smart farming.

My paper examines some aspects of the Covid19 pandemic in Italy from a gender perspective. I intend to highlight some important inequalities in the management and cohabitation during the pandemic that risk being otherwise hidden in the public discourse. I will focus in particular on two circumstances: public decisions about the pandemic and work-care balancing. As regards the first profile, I will focus on the composition of the committees appointed by the government for the management of the crisis and the effects that this composition had on the way to deal with the pandemic in our country. With regard to the second profile, working environment is certainly where inequalities have emerged most clearly, albeit in a different way. First of all, there were women who had to work during the emergency and had problems reconciling work and care role. Secondly, women who could / had to work from home had to deal with the lack of a distinction between workspace and care duties. On this point, the Italian State has taken very different measures from those of other countries, for example the decision not to reopen schools, which has penalised and will continue to penalise women's work. In this perspective, the work will investigate what other measures have been or will be adopted since the so-called third phase.

The material presented here in the form of excerpts was taken from the book “A History of Violence” by Kai Ziegner. It represents the artefact of a PhD in artistic research that is soon to be finished at Linz University of Art and Design (UfG) and Zurich University of the Arts (ZHdK). The main focus of my PhD thesis lays on the artistic examination of my own personal experience of violence. Being born and raised in GDR I wanted to investigate the effects of the political turnaround in my home country more profoundly. I have therefore chosen the time frame from 1986 to 2016 and 21 specific events that are related to different acts of violence as the subject matter of my work. The research methodology that I have developed is hybrid – it encompasses archival research, documentary and conceptual photography and experimental writing. Central topics of my research work are guilt, pointless violence, misleading role patterns, dysfunctional father-son relationship, placelessness, disorientation and various entanglements into historic and contemporary Nazism. I travelled to all 21 places to photograph each site on color and b/w medium format film. Later I reviewed these photographs and started to write about it in different textual forms (i.e. short stories, fictive dialogues, apercus, metareflexive journal). Eventually I transformed all the material into one experimental book. I consider it to be a means of communication and labour, that enables deeper understanding of severe social change. It is a polyvocal composition intended to be used as study material in teaching or as a template for further artistic processing (e.g. screenplay, playbook, piece of music, dance piece etc.). I have shown excerpts from the book at different international events mostly in the form of performative lectures and/or close readings, in which I actively involve the audience.

As England attempts to close educational attainment gaps faced by socioeconomically disadvantaged children using Pupil Premium funding, no attention is given to how different types of academies do so, nor to policy transfer’s role in informing policies for disadvantaged pupils. Employing a qualitative comparative case study methodology with semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, this research compares five primary standalone academies with five system leader multi-academy trust academies. It finds all academies support disadvantaged children with academic, pastoral and extracurricular provision. This is justified by voluntary and coercive policy transfer extending across space and time, in addition to evidence-based policies and school-specific needs prioritised to varying degrees across academy types. Overall, system leader multi-academy trust academies’ structure and composition facilitate policy transfer through horizontal and vertical spread of successful practices compared to standalone academies.

With the growth of vertical integration among physician practices (i.e., hospital–physician integration), there have been many studies of its effects on health care treatments and spending. It is unknown if integration shapes provider configurations, especially against the backdrop of increasing employment of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) across specialties. Using a longitudinal panel of 144,289 practices (2008-2015), we examined the association of vertical integration with NP and PA employment. We find positive associations between vertical integration and newly employing NPs and PAs within physician practices; however, the relationships differ by practice specialty type as well as timing of vertical integration. Supplementary analyses offer supporting evidence for coinciding enhancements to practice productivity, diversification, and provider task allocation. Our results suggest that vertical integration may promote interdisciplinary provider configurations, which has the potential to improve care delivery efficiency.

CoWeb is a collaborative learning environment used in many classes at Georgia Institute of Technology; it is an extremely simple domain-independent collaboration tool. Our aim is to show that such a simple system can sustain useful peer-to-peer and instructor-to-student interaction that fosters better performance and learning, without incurring a high cost. In this paper, we present evidence of the success of this tool in supporting learning at low cost in one environment---freshman-level English classes.

Research Question: The purpose of this paper is to construct knowledge on the working processes of nomination committees (NCs) in sport and analyze their potential to shape board composition. The significance of such an effort lies in its potential to shed light on the processes preceding the structures and practices created for the wielding of power in sport organizations. Research Methods: This paper reports findings based on telephone interviews with NCs of 64 Swedish national sport organizations. Results and Findings: The analyses show how NC processes may be distinguished into six components: election of the NC at the general assembly (GA), monitoring of the incumbent board, preparation for nominee identification, assembly of a list of potential nominees, evaluation of potential nominees, and submission of proposed nominees to the GA. Within and across these components, the analyses reveal three aspects particularly powerful in their potential to shape board composition: degree of formalization, network reliance, and transparency. Implications: These findings have implications for research and practice. Regarding the former, the study provides a baseline description that can be used in future explorations of the NC process and its determinants and effects in varying contexts. As for the latter, the findings suggest that sport organizations carry an untapped potential in considering NCs’ shaping potential, regardless of whether an ‘adequate’ board is one that is equipped to improve organizational efficiency or one that safeguards representation and democracy.

We explore how team gender composition affects willingness to lead by randomly assigning participants in an experiment to male- or female-majority teams. Irrespective of team gender composition, men are substantially more willing than women to lead their team. The pooled sample, and women separately, are more willing to lead female- than male-majority teams. An analysis of mechanisms reveals that a large share of the negative effect of male-majority teams on women's leadership aspirations is accounted for by a negative effect on women's confidence, influence, and expected support from team members.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of machine learning models in predicting kidney stone composition using variables extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Materials and Methods: We identified kidney stone patients (n = 1296) with both stone composition and 24-hour (24H) urine testing. We trained machine learning models (XGBoost [XG] and logistic regression [LR]) to predict stone composition using 24H urine data and EHR-derived demographic and comorbidity data. Models predicted either binary (calcium vs noncalcium stone) or multiclass (calcium oxalate, uric acid, hydroxyapatite, or other) stone types. We evaluated performance using area under the receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC) and accuracy and identified predictors for each task. Results: For discriminating binary stone composition, XG outperformed LR with higher accuracy (91% vs 71%) with ROC-AUC of 0.80 for both models. Top predictors used by these models were supersaturations of uric acid and calcium phosphate, and urinary ammonium. For multiclass classification, LR outperformed XG with higher accuracy (0.64 vs 0.56) and ROC-AUC (0.79 vs 0.59), and urine pH had the highest predictive utility. Overall, 24H urine analyte data contributed more to the models' predictions of stone composition than EHR-derived variables. Conclusion: Machine learning models can predict calcium stone composition. LR outperforms XG in multiclass stone classification. Demographic and comorbidity data are predictive of stone composition; however, including 24H urine data improves performance. Further optimization of performance could lead to earlier directed medical therapy for kidney stone patients.

Background Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with severe obesity, but success rates vary substantially. Exercise is recommended after bariatric surgery to reduce weight regain but the effectiveness remains undetermined on weight loss due to conflicting results. It is also unclear what should be the optimal exercise prescription for these patients. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise on body weight (BW), anthropometric measures, and body composition after bariatric surgery was performed. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE®, EBSCO®, Web of Science® and Scopus® databases were searched to identify studies evaluating exercise effectiveness. Results The analysis comprised 10 studies (n = 487 participants). Exercise favored BW (−2.51kg; p = 0.02), waist circumference (−4.14cm; p = 0.04) and body mass index (−0.84kg·m−2; p = 0.02) reduction but no improvements in body composition. Combined exercise interventions were the most effective in reducing BW (−5.50kg; p 6‐months after bariatric surgery were more successful in reducing BW (−5.02kg; p 6‐months after bariatric surgery were effective in promoting BW, waist circumference and body mass index reduction. Exercise following bariatric surgery does not seem to favor body composition improvements.

Increases in racial minority populations are profoundly reshaping the composition of the American electorate, and multiracial identifiers are one of the fastest growing groups. Yet little is known ...

In film making, shot has a profound influence on how the movie content is delivered and how the audiences are echoed, where different emotions and contents can be delivered through well-designed camera movements or shot editing. Therefore, in pursuit of a high-level understanding of long videos, accurate shot detection from untrimmed videos should be considered as the first and the most fundamental step. Existing approaches address this problem based on the visual difference and content transitions between consecutive frames, while ignoring intrinsic shot attributes, viz., camera movements, scales and viewing angles, which essentially reveals how each shot is created. In this work, we propose a new learning framework (SCTSNet) for shot boundary detection by jointly recognizing the attributes and composition of shots in videos. To facilitate the analysis of shots and the evaluation of shot detection models, we collect a large-scale shot boundary dataset MovieShots2, which contains 15K shots from 282 movie clips. It is richly annotated with the temporal boundary between consecutive shots and its shot attributes, including camera movements, scales and viewing angles, which are the three most distinct shot attributes. Our experiments show that the joint learning framework can significantly boost the boundary detection performance, surpassing the previous scores by a large margin. SCTSNet improves shot boundary detection AP from 0.65 to 0.77, pushing the performance to a new level.

The relationship among syntactic, semantic, and conceptual processes in language comprehension is a central question to the neurobiology of language. Several studies have suggested that conceptual combination in particular can be localized to the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL), while syntactic processes are more often associated with the posterior temporal lobe or inferior frontal gyrus. However, LATL activity can also correlate with syntactic computations, particularly in narrative comprehension. Here we investigated the degree to which LATL conceptual combination is dependent on syntax, specifically asking whether rapid (∼200 ms) magnetoencephalography effects of conceptual combination in the LATL can occur in the absence of licit syntactic phrase closure and in the absence of a semantically plausible output for the composition. We find that such effects do occur: LATL effects of conceptual combination were observed even when there was no syntactic phrase closure or plausible meaning. But syntactic closure did have an additive effect such that LATL signals were the highest for expressions that composed both conceptually and syntactically. Our findings conform to an account in which LATL conceptual composition is influenced by local syntactic composition but is also able to operate without it.

Aim: To explore nursing students’ experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration. Design: The study used a qualitative descriptive design. Method: The data were collected using individual interviews with a purposive sample of 11 students and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: The students’ experiences of applying problem-based learning to train the core competence teamwork and collaboration were described in two generic categories: prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration and abilities practised in the base group. The generic category “prerequisites to train teamwork and collaboration” includes three subcategories: previous experience and education, composition of the base group, and common goals and values in the base group. The generic category “abilities practised in the base group” includes four subcategories: taking personal responsibility, practising role distribution and leadership, developing communication skills and creating togetherness in the base group. open access

Objectives: Our aim was to incorporate body composition assessment (BCA) into dietetic department procedures using interventions tailored to previously identified barriers and enablers. Introduction: BCA is recommended as part of routine malnutrition assessment and follow-up but is not yet part of usual care. Methods: Evidence-informed strategies to overcome barriers and enablers were operationalized and delivered as three overarching interventions: upskilling (professional development strategy), modelling and reducing fear of change (Clinical Champion project), and embedding as usual practice (departmental integration). Process evaluation assessed intervention fidelity. A survey assessed utilization of BCA devices, (perceived) competency, and attitudes of clinical dietitians towards BCA before and after interventions. Results: Two of the three elements were incorporated as planned (upskilling and embedding as usual practice), with one element (modelling and reducing fear of change) modified through iterative processes. The Clinical Champion project ran for 12 rather than 6 months, and resulted in the majority of champions confident with their skills, completing BCA within their daily clinical workload and feeling BCA was useful. Pre-surveys and post-surveys within the department of 26 dietitians showed a marked reduction in most perceived barriers and improved recognition of enablers across all theoretical framework domains; with a large proportion of 'not applicable' responses given for many barriers at follow-up. Conclusion: This evidence-informed implementation strategy successfully integrated BCA into dietitians' practice and departmental processes highlighting direction for future service changes. Continual assessment of barriers and success of integration into routine workloads is required to facilitate this.

The extent to which men and women sort into different jobs and organizations—namely, gender differences in supply-side labor market processes—is a key determinant of workplace gender composition. This study draws on theories of congruence to uncover a unique organization-level driver of gender differences in job seekers’ behavior. We first argue and show that congruence between leadership gender and organizational claims is a key mechanism that drives job seekers’ interest. Specifically, many organizational claims are gender-typed, such that social claims activate the female stereotype, whereas business claims activate the male stereotype. Thus, whereas female-led organizations making social claims are gender-congruent, male-led firms making the same claims are gender-incongruent. Beyond demonstrating a general preference among job seekers for congruence, we also find that female job seekers are most interested in working for organizations that are simultaneously congruent and provide credible signals that they are fair and equitable employers. The congruence of leadership gender and organizational claims thus affects the gender composition of applicant pools for otherwise identical jobs.

Overlooked issues in the selection and presentation of name generators may lead to extreme measurement errors in Web surveys. This paper compares networks elicited from the standard “important matters” (IM) name generator, which records alter names on one or five boxes per page, with a two-generator design and an alternative approach, the R5D. The R5D consists of five name generators focused on a range of topics commonly discussed as important matters. Each generator is restricted to recording one alter. Generally accepted practices in egocentric surveys result in inaccurate measures of network size and composition. They include the use of the stand-alone IM generator and advice to present a single name box to record one alter name per page. The use of a single name box encourages satisficing. The R5D is a parsimonious alternative with stronger construct validity. It has less measurement error, provides measures of social support, and enumerates alters with less slippage in importance than other approaches.

Embodied composition is the practice of organizing sound in relation to the body and its internal/external experiences. It includes the intuitive and corporeal capacity to create, remember and respond to the environment. This creative practice manifests in the use of voice, gesture and the creative state. While many composers work with embodied composition, a clear definition is lacking. Toward this end, the author offers a perspective from her own creative practice as research. Her definition is illustrated with examples from Meredith Monk, Pamela Z and Cassandra Miller.

The article deals with the main provisions of the theory of motive and plot of the outstanding Russian philologist A.N. Veselovsky (1838-1906) in the light of a folk tale. At the archaic stage, as the scientist believed, the composition of the fairy tale obeyed the laws of syncretic consciousness and dualistic worldview, which determined the specifics of not only its existence, but also the logical and semantic basis of the fairy-tale model. With the transition to the religious-historical paradigm of public consciousness, there is a semiotic and morphological reorganization of the plot of the fairy tale. The task is to find out how the scientific method of differentiated study of motive and plot allowed Veselovsky to prove that the operating system of the motive is strongly connected with apperception and suggestion, and the plot - with combination and discourse, that the motive is directly related to fiction, and the plot - to the idea, but at the same time their commonality is expressed by the ideological and artistic concept.

This work built upon previous research examining meritocracy in elite sport by examining the socioeconomic and racial composition of the high schools of 1,881 players on National Football League (NFL) rosters in 2016. The NFL player data from pro-football-reference.com and perceived race data coded from player pictures are matched to school data for 23,785 public high schools in the Common Core of Data and 3,333 private high schools in the Private School Universe Survey. Using t tests of differences in group averages and General Linear Model analysis of variance, the authors found large statistically significant racial disparities within the NFL with Black NFL players attending high schools with an average of twice as many students in poverty and five times as many Black students than the high schools attended by White NFL players. Overall, NFL players attended high schools with lower socioeconomic status student bodies than the general student population, suggesting more meritocracy. However, analysis by player race shows the difference driven by the racial composition of the NFL compared with the general student population, suggesting this meritocracy is more complex; Black NFL players attended higher socioeconomic status schools with more White students than the general Black student population, and White NFL players attended higher socioeconomic status schools with fewer Black students than the general White student population.

The global manufacturing industry is entering an era of considerable growth and innovation due to radical developments in advanced technologies. Knowledge remains crucial in improving product design, decision making, productivity, and increasing the speed of innovation. Communication is at the heart of knowledge exchange between stakeholders, especially those with different technical and social backgrounds. However, significant barriers exist when sharing product design knowledge due to the lack of available formalized tools and methods. In this article, to facilitate knowledge exchange and collaboration among stakeholders during product design, a method to systematically improve the understanding of target objects, including the composition of the object, nature of the object, and tools to support its related communication, is proposed. Further, a knowledge representation framework is described which enables parties to clearly understand the characteristics of the object and greatly improve communication efficiency. A case study is presented to validate how the proposed framework provides valuable insights into the improvement of design communication and contributes to global manufacturing development.

One of the most serious problems in the field of combating crime is the fight against transnational corruption crime. This type of crime already (de facto and de jure) exists as international crime and has a specific subject composition, geography of commission and complex objective reasons. The core of transnational corruption crime is bribery widely used by transnational corporations for achieving their corporate purposes. Combatting such crimes by means of criminal law is carried out at various levels: international, interregional, regional, subregional, bilateral, and domestic. The purpose of this article is to characterize transnational corruption, which is one of the forms of self-determination of crime. The article provides a comprehensive classification of corruption crimes based on various criminal law and criminological criteria. The author pays special attention to the fact that all transnational corruption crimes can be divided into main and auxiliary. At the same time, these two types of offences are often inseparable. The author proposes the main directions of criminal law impact on transnational corruption crime, which could be used in both the General part and Special part of criminal law. The methodology of the article is based on the laws of materialist dialectics. The article rests on a wide range of Russian and foreign sources of scientific, legal, statistical, sociological, and other nature. The author applied the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systemic-structural method, logicallegal, and comparativelegal.

Introduction: Scholarly research on road accidents over the past 50 years has generated substantial literature. We propose a robust search strategy to retrieve and analyze this literature. Method: Analyses was focused on estimating the size of this literature and examining its intellectual anatomy and temporal trends using bibliometric indicators of its articles. Results: The size of the literature is estimated to have exceeded N = 25,000 items as of 2020. At the highest level of aggregation, patterns of term co-occurrence in road accident articles point to the presence of six major divisions: (i) law, legislation & road trauma statistics; (ii) vehicular safety technology; (iii) statistical modelling; (iv) driving simulator experiments of driving behavior; (v) driver style and personality (social psychology); and (vi) vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection division. Analyses identify the emergence of various research clusters and their progress over time along with their respective influential entities. For example, driver injury severity ” and crash frequency show distinct characteristics of trending topics, with research activities in those areas notably intensified since 2015 Also, two developing clusters labelled autonomous vehicle and automated vehicle show distinct signs of becoming emerging streams of road accident literature. Conclusions: By objectively documenting temporal patterns in the development of the field, these analyses could offer new levels of insight into the intellectual composition of this field, its future directions, and knowledge gaps. Practical Applications: The proposed search strategy can be modified to generate specific subsets of this literature and assist future conventional reviews. The findings of temporal analyses could also be instrumental in informing and enriching literature review sections of original research articles. Analyses of authorships can facilitate collaborations, particularly across various divisions of accident research field.

The article is devoted to the problems of formation and positioning of the category of factual communities in legal science. The relevance of this phenomenon in law is due to the need for a broader approach to the study of a set of factual circumstances that are the grounds for the emergence, change or termination of legal relations, which undoubtedly contributes to a more effective implementation of the goals of both lawmaking and law enforcement practice. The purpose of this article is to determine the prerequisites for the formation of the legal category under consideration, to identify the main types of factual communities, as well as to understand their functions. Achievement of this goal will make it possible with sufficient certainty to identify the main characteristics of the specified legal category, as well as to determine functional links with related legal concepts. The methodological basis of the article was made by modern achievements in the theory of knowledge. In the process of research, theoretical, general philosophical (dialectical, analysis, synthesis, deduction, systemic method), as well as traditional legal methods (formal-logical, normative-dogmatic and others) were used. In the course of the research, based on the analysis of the relationship of physical objects, phenomena and their groups among themselves, it was concluded that the term factual communities is a logical continuation of the development of the theory of legal facts, reflects the interconnected association of individual legal facts, as well as their actual composition. Such associations can have a different scope, as a result of which their functionality may also differ. The primary factual commonality is the actual composition. Factual systems are larger in volume and more complex in structure.

The work of Hollywood director William Wyler offers a rewarding case for studying the narrative purposes of rhythmic variations. Film critics have traditionally viewed Wyler’s scenes in terms of depth of field but by looking for elements that weaken his pace, we can explain his acclaimed work as the result of how performance and picture jointly serve rhythmic purposes. My study distinguishes between two kinds of narrative arrests in Wyler’s films, 1935–1970. The unfocused arrests are critical for Wyler’s art and depend on actors’ techniques for adding emphasis and Wyler’s techniques for creating pictorial diversions. By halting dramatic progression during key scenes, Wyler seemingly expands the characters’ worlds with meanings in the spectator’s eyes. Finally, I show how changing technologies and narrative norms constrained Wyler’s later work.

Este manuscrito busca responder ao questionamento: quais significados de humanidade emergem a partir das reflexões de licenciandos de Química? Para tal, a partir das interações que surgiram em uma aula da disciplina de Filosofia da Ciência para Química, realizamos uma pesquisa que envolveu a confecção de cartas. À luz da análise do discurso, de inspiração em Michel Foucault, estabelecemos quatro eixos de análises para as cartas: 1) “o humano como produção das Ciências”, 2) “a humanização como processo de sensibilização”, 3) “A humanidade como algo deste mundo”; 4) “O humano como ser distinto por composição”. Por meio de um quadro teórico que envolveu Isabelle Stengers, Michel Foucault, Bruno Latour, Ailton Krenak, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Adela Cortina, entre outros, discutimos esses eixos. As reflexões nos proporcionaram pensar, também, sobre qual é o papel da Educação em Química - principalmente no que tange à formação de educadores(as) - na construção desses significados.

The Kong-zi jia-yu (“School Sayings of Confucius”) is an important historical source for the study of Confucius’ teachings. The text comprises Confucius’ sayings, records of his conversations with his students and other people, and also information regarding his life and deeds. Regardless of the factual cornucopia, the text remains almost completely unknown to Russian scholars. Equally, it has never been translated into Russian. The necessity to translate this historical source into Russian is obvious, at least because of the information regarding the life of Confucius (551–479 BC) and also the theory of his philosophy and belief system. The article offers the initial stage of the study of the Kong-zi jia-yu and comprises the Russian translation of the first two chapters. One of the tasks of the article is the identification of the sources the Kong-zi jia-yu is based upon. The translation is accompanied by the synopsis of the contents of the first five chapters, their composition and a source critical study about the information found in the Kong-zi jia-yu and the ancient Chinese works, such as Chun-qiu Zuo-zhuan, Xun-zi, Li-ji, Da Dai li-ji, Yi-wen-zi, Shuo-yuan. The study has proven that these texts should not be considered as sources of information for the first and second chapters of the Kong-zi jia-yu due to significant differences in detail description. It has been also established that the texts of the third, fourth and fifth chapters, which are philosophical dialogues to a large extent coincide with the chapters of Li-ji (chapters Ai-gong wen, Ru xing) and Da Dai li-ji (chapters Zhu yan, Ai-gong wen yu Kong-zi). However, regardless of these coincidences these texts still should not be considered as direct sources for the relevant chapters from the Kong-zi jia-yu. Most likely, the authors of all three chapters had recourse to the same source.

In the article the senior management of the regional executive and administrative authority as an example of the supreme body of State governance of an autonomous republic the Council of Ministers of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is considered. The changes in the Council of Ministers in the last years of the existence of the USSR is analyzed. The reforms initiated by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.S. Gorbachev affected practically all sectors of society, including the functioning of public administration. Meanwhile, the system of power in Mordovia had some peculiarities, largely associated with the conservatism and external cohesion of the regional elites, which have had to respond to processes in the country at the same time. In the chronological period selected in the article, there were two compositions of the Council of Ministers, which were formed on March 15, 1985 at the first session of the MASSR Supreme Council of the 11th convocation and on April 10, 1990 at the first session of the MASSR Supreme Council of the 12th convocation. The authors provide information about age, social origin, nationality, educational level, tenure for members of the MASSR Government. In preparing the article, materials from the funds of the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia, the regional press, published memoirs of participants in the events, as well as biographical information about the Soviet, Party and economic leaders from open sources were used.

Literary texts, as an extension of people’s socio-cultural personality, are a form of expression closely related to the social essence that cannot be separated from their period of composition. Artists create their work through inspiration drawn from their bond with cultural, social, historical, and intellectual structures of their age. Therefore, diaries, which transfer personal information, became the first choice in the document search that started in Russia and abroad at the beginning of the XX century, deemed inseparable from the historical process. The idea of “archiving history,”especially internalized by the representatives of Russian immigrant literature, is a significant threshold shaping the post-revolutionary process. In this sense, Zinaida Gippius is considered to be one of the few chroniclers to write down the developments of the years 1914–1919. Gippius flourished through her poetry, which describes day by day, the historical process that started with the 1917 February Revolution and ended with the change of government in October. Thus, her Saint Petersburg Diaries (Петербургские дневники), presents a subjective view in the context of the dominant ideology of the contemporary period and the author’s affinity with this ideology, achieves the characteristics of a period narrative, going beyond the private life’s peripheries. This study discusses the myriad inter-connected issues highlighted by the New Historicism approach (Новый историзм) in the example of Gippius’s correspondence from 1917. Arguments about the textuality of thoughts, the literary dimension of historical narratives, and how much a text is affected by its immediate historical conditions revealed that the diaries blur the boundaries between history and literature and present an archivable life trajectory.

En este artículo me ocupo del discurso de don Quijote sobre la Edad de Oro. Se estudia el discurso como un discurso ficticio dentro de una obra ficcional. La utopía contenida en el discurso es explicada como un elemento central del Quijote de Cervantes y el discurso es considerado como un eje activo y dinámico de esta obra. La oposición que hay en el discurso entre el tiempo presente y el tiempo pasado es vista a la vez como estructura social y cultural no solo del discurso, sino también de toda la obra por la activación de la analogía como fundamento de la construcción literaria del Quijote. Las perspectivas y los instrumentos que ofrece la Retórica Cultural se emplean para elucidar la composición del discurso y su papel en la totalidad del texto en el que está inserto. La conciencia de la importancia de las voces de los personajes en el Quijote permite centrarse en el discurso como uno de los principales resultados de la función de las voces en la novela en la construcción del protagonista y como representación de la sociedad. Por ello el discurso de don Quijote sobre la Edad de Oro es un componente imprescindible de la obra.

I propose that constitution is a case of composition in which, for example, the lump of clay composes the statue. In other words, we can reduce constitution to composition. Composition does all of the work that we want from an account of constitution, and we do not need two separate relations. Along the way, I offer reasons to reject weak supplementation.

“Federal-aid swap” programs allow states and local governments to bypass federal Davis-Bacon prevailing wages and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) goals by exchanging federal funds that have been allocated to highway projects with state funds. The Iowa Department of Transportation approved a federal-aid swap program in February 2018. Using data on more than 1,200 highway construction projects in Iowa from 2016 to 2020, I find that the cost of projects in the federal-aid swap program are not statistically different from those that were not swapped, after accounting for project size and complexity, project type, and project location. Regression results indicate that Davis-Bacon prevailing wages and DBE goals have no effect on total construction costs. However, the federal-aid swap program is statistically associated with a decrease in the likelihoods that a project is covered by the Davis-Bacon Act by 10 percentage points and DBE goals by 4 percentage points. Because the payment of Davis-Bacon prevailing wages is statistically associated with an 8 percentage-point decrease in the chances that a highway project is awarded to an out-of-state contractor, the federal-aid swap program may have increased the market share of out-of-state contractors at the expense of Iowa-based contractors.

François de Curel ha pasado a la posteridad como autor de la “obra bien hecha”. Sin embargo, al estudiar su obra, en este caso La Danse devant le miroir (La danza frente al espejo), nos damos cuenta de que el escritor no respeta todas las reglas del arte dramático. De hecho, el escritor parece, en primer lugar, cuestionar la fábula de la forma canónica, que se construye sobre un mecanismo lógico de acción que conduce, a través de una tensión cada vez mayor, al desenlace final. La composición clásica se desvanece en la obra detrás de la evocación de los estados anímicos de los protagonistas, presos de la angustia existencial y, por tanto, notamos el paso de un drama agonista a un drama ontológico. El trabajo de socavar el "drama absoluto" también se manifiesta en un nuevo enfoque del personaje. Desprovisto de sus atributos activos, prefiere cuestionar su vida, repetir sus contratiempos antes que actuar, el personaje en acción deja paso al personaje en reflexión François de Curel has gone down to posterity as an author of the “well-made play”. However, while studying his work, in this case, La Danse devant le miroir (The Dance in Front of the Mirror), we realize that the writer does not respect all the rules of dramatic art. In fact, the writer seems, in the first place, to call into question the fable of the canonical form which is built on a logical mechanism of action leading through ever-increasing tension to the final denouement. The classical composition fades into the play behind the evocation of the protagonists’ emotional states in the grip of existential anxiety and, therefore, we note the passage from an agonistic drama to an ontological drama. The work of undermining the “absolute drama” is also manifested by a new approach to the character. Deprived of his active attributes, he prefers to call into question his life, rehash his setbacks rather than act. The character in action is giving way to the character in reflection.

Brand anthropomorphism extends and develops the special relationship between consumers and brands by injecting human characteristics, motives, subjective intentions, behaviors and emotions into specific brands. Brand anthropomorphism, as a brand marketing strategy, plays a very important role in brand building and communication. Therefore, the current theoretical circle of brand anthropomorphic marketing is gradually heating up. In this paper, the literature of anthropomorphic brand marketing at home and abroad, the brand personified and anthropomorphic marketing concept, the brand personified the composition of the dimension and measurement, the brand personified as related variables, etc on the existing research results, and on this basis in the field of the future research direction was prospected.